AP PSYCH Unit 13.3 Biomedical Therapies copy · AP PSYCH Unit 13.3 Biomedical Therapies •...
18
AP PSYCH Unit 13.3 Biomedical Therapies • Prescribed medicationsor medical procedures that act directly on the patient’s nervous system. – Drugs that alter brain chemistry – Affecting brain circuitry with electric shock, magnetic impulses, or psychosurgery. – Psychologists – psychotherapy, but Psychiatrists (MD) can prescribe biomedical therapy
Transcript of AP PSYCH Unit 13.3 Biomedical Therapies copy · AP PSYCH Unit 13.3 Biomedical Therapies •...
APPSYCHUnit13.3BiomedicalTherapies
• Prescribedmedicationsormedicalproceduresthatactdirectlyonthepatient’snervoussystem.– Drugsthatalterbrainchemistry– Affectingbraincircuitry withelectric shock,magneticimpulses,orpsychosurgery.
– Psychologists– psychotherapy, butPsychiatrists(MD)canprescribebiomedical therapy
DrugTherapies
• Psychopharmacology -studyoftheeffectsofdrugsonmindandbehavior.– Drugshaveminimizedinvoluntaryhospitalization.• Whyisthisagoodthing?• Whyisthisabadthing?
AntipsychoticDrugs• Usedtotreatpeoplewithpsychoses(schizo)
– Psychoses=breakinrealitywherepeopleexperiencehallucinationsordelusions.
– Dampenresponsivenesstoirrelevantstimuli.– AntagonistforDopamine– Cancausesluggishness,tremors,andtwitchesbecauseofthelowdopamine levels.
– Chlorpromazine
AntipsychoticDrugs• Negativesideeffects– Nausea– Headaches– Exacerbationofothermedicalproblems
– TardiveDyskinesia - Involuntarymovementsofthefacialmusclestongueandlimbs.
• AtypicalAntipsychotics–clozapine,alleviatenegativesymptomsofschizophrenia(catatonia)(Awakenings)
AntianxietyDrugs• Drugsusedtocontrolanxietyand
agitation,PTSD,OCD• Depresscentralnervoussystemactivity,
eliminatelearnedfears• Can’ttakew/alcohol• Xanax,Ativan• Enhanceseffectsofexposuretherapy• Canbecomephysiologicallydependent.• Reducesymptomswithoutaddressing
rootcauseofproblem
AntidepressantDrugs• Drugsusedtotreatdepressionoranxiety.• Alteringthelevelsofvarious
neurotransmitters.– IncreaseavailabilityofNorepinephrineorSerotonin• Selective-Serotonin-Reuptake-Inhibitors:Prozac,Zoloft,Paxil
• Canhaveserioussideeffects– Drymouth,weightgain,hypertension,dizzyspells,weaksexdrive
• Fulleffectofthedrugmaytakeuptofourweeks(neurogenesis)
AntidepressantDrugs
AntidepressantDrugs• Exercise&CognitiveTherapy– maybe
aspowerfulonmilddepressionaspills• 75%ofantidepressantseffectscanbe
contributedtotheplaceboeffect.• Butlessforseveredepression.• 1in4peopledonotrespondtoa
particularantidepressantandswitchingtoanotherusuallybringsrelief.
• Whatarethenegativesideeffects?Anylongtermdamage?
Mood-StabilizingMedications• Lithium – (asalt)moodstabilizingdrugforupsanddownsofbipolar
disorder• Effectivelytreats7in10withbipolar• Greatlyreducessuiciderisk• Depakote – originallyforepilepsybuteffective incontrollingmanic
episodes
BrainStimulation• ElectroconvulsiveTherapy (ECT):Severely depressedpatients• Briefelectric current sentthroughbrainofanesthetizedpatient• Electrocuting people intoconvulsions (Shock treatment)• Patientsusedtobeawakewhenfirstusedin1938• 100voltsofelectricity for30-60seconds.• Somememorylossiscommon.• Wedonotknowwhyorhowitworks– maybesimilarto
rebootingacomputer• Reducessuiciderisk
AlternativeNeurostimulationTherapies
• Chestimplantthatstimulatesvagusnerve(messagetolimbicsystem)
• MagneticStimulationorRepetitiveTransductionMagneticStimulation (rTMS)involvestheapplicationofrepeatedpulsesofmagneticenergytothebrain;usedtostimulateorsuppressbrainactivity.– Surfaceofbrain,nottoodeep– Nottoomanynegativesideeffects– Stimulatesleftfrontallobe
• DeepBrainStimulation– overactiveareaofbrainbridgingfrontallobetolimbicsystemisexcited– Experimentaltechnique– SurgicalImplant
Psychosurgery• Surgerythatremovesordestroysbraintissueinanefforttochangebehavior.
• Lobotomy - Aprocedurethatcutthenervesconnectingthefrontallobestotheemotion-controllingcentersoftheinnerbrain.– Nowrare– Createdpermanentlylethargicpersonality.
TherapeuticLife-StyleChange• AerobicExercisehelpstocalmthosewith
anxietydisordersandenergizethosewhofeeldepressed.
• Adequate sleep(7-8hoursaday)canincreaseenergyandalertness.
• Lightexposureamplifiesarousalandinfluenceshormones.
• Socialconnectionshelpstosatisfythehumanneedtobelong.
• PositiveThinking• Nutritionalsupplements helpswith
healthybrainfunctioning.
PreventingPsychologicalDisorders• Resilience – personalstrengththathelpsmostpeoplecopewith
stressandrecoverfromadversityandeventrauma– Canresiliencepreventpsychologicaldisorders?– Developcopingcompetency
• Upstreamanalogy(savingdrowningpeopleoverandoverorgoupstreamandfixthe initialcauseoftheproblem)– Poverty,meaninglesswork,constantcriticism,unemployment,racism,sexism
• Wecanpreventbyalleviatingdemoralizingsituations
