AP Biology Intro to Organic Molecules & Lipids AP Biology Life is based on Carbon Carbon atoms are...
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Transcript of AP Biology Intro to Organic Molecules & Lipids AP Biology Life is based on Carbon Carbon atoms are...
![Page 1: AP Biology Intro to Organic Molecules & Lipids AP Biology Life is based on Carbon Carbon atoms are versatile building blocks Special bonding properties.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e2a5503460f94b174d6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
AP Biology
Intro to Organic
Molecules & Lipids
![Page 2: AP Biology Intro to Organic Molecules & Lipids AP Biology Life is based on Carbon Carbon atoms are versatile building blocks Special bonding properties.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e2a5503460f94b174d6/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
AP Biology
Life is based on CarbonCarbon atoms are versatile building blocks
Special bonding propertiesHas 4 valence electrons so it can form 4 stable covalent bonds with other carbon atoms
or atoms of other elementsBonds with CHNOPS – the elements that make up
living things; Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur
HH C
H
H
![Page 3: AP Biology Intro to Organic Molecules & Lipids AP Biology Life is based on Carbon Carbon atoms are versatile building blocks Special bonding properties.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e2a5503460f94b174d6/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
AP Biology
Lipids Lipids are organic molecules essential for
life that are composed mostly of C, H, O
4 types of lipidsfats (triglycerides)phospholipidssteroidswaxes
![Page 4: AP Biology Intro to Organic Molecules & Lipids AP Biology Life is based on Carbon Carbon atoms are versatile building blocks Special bonding properties.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e2a5503460f94b174d6/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
AP Biology
TriglyceridesFat molecules
Structure = 3 fatty acids chains linked to glycerolFunctions = long term energy storage and insulation
for animalsCan be saturated or unsaturated
Glycerol3 fatty acids
![Page 5: AP Biology Intro to Organic Molecules & Lipids AP Biology Life is based on Carbon Carbon atoms are versatile building blocks Special bonding properties.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e2a5503460f94b174d6/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
AP Biology
Saturated fatsAll C bonded to HNo C=C double bonds
long, straight chainmost animal fats and butter solid at room temperature
contributes to cardiovascular disease
![Page 6: AP Biology Intro to Organic Molecules & Lipids AP Biology Life is based on Carbon Carbon atoms are versatile building blocks Special bonding properties.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e2a5503460f94b174d6/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
AP Biology
Unsaturated fatsAt least one C=C double bond in
the fatty acidsplant & fish fats vegetable oils liquid at room temperature
![Page 7: AP Biology Intro to Organic Molecules & Lipids AP Biology Life is based on Carbon Carbon atoms are versatile building blocks Special bonding properties.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e2a5503460f94b174d6/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
AP Biology
Saturated vs. unsaturatedsaturated unsaturated
![Page 8: AP Biology Intro to Organic Molecules & Lipids AP Biology Life is based on Carbon Carbon atoms are versatile building blocks Special bonding properties.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e2a5503460f94b174d6/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
AP Biology
Phospholipids Structure: 2 fatty acids chains + phosphate head
Fatty acid chains = non-polar = hydrophobic “water fearing” Phosphate head = polar = hydrophillic “water loving”
Function: make up cell membranes (phospholipid bilayer)
![Page 9: AP Biology Intro to Organic Molecules & Lipids AP Biology Life is based on Carbon Carbon atoms are versatile building blocks Special bonding properties.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e2a5503460f94b174d6/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
AP Biology
SteroidsStructure: 4 fused Carbon rings examples:
cholesterol – Function =control the fluidity of the cell membrane
hormones – Function = regulate processes in the body (such as pregnancy)
vitamins (A, B, D) – Function = supports metabolism and cell processes
![Page 10: AP Biology Intro to Organic Molecules & Lipids AP Biology Life is based on Carbon Carbon atoms are versatile building blocks Special bonding properties.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e2a5503460f94b174d6/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
AP Biology
WaxesSolid at room tempInsoluble in waterFunction:
Protective covering for animals and plants
Examples:BeeswaxEarwaxCuticle of leaf (keeps water in)
![Page 11: AP Biology Intro to Organic Molecules & Lipids AP Biology Life is based on Carbon Carbon atoms are versatile building blocks Special bonding properties.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e2a5503460f94b174d6/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
AP Biology
What is the function of a triglyceride?
1 2 3 4
10%
0%
15%
75%1. Stores and transfers genetic information
2. Long term energy storage
3. Control the rate of reactions
4. Help to fight disease
![Page 12: AP Biology Intro to Organic Molecules & Lipids AP Biology Life is based on Carbon Carbon atoms are versatile building blocks Special bonding properties.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e2a5503460f94b174d6/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
AP Biology
Which type of lipid makes up the majority of the cell membrane?
1 2 3 4
79%
5%11%
5%
1. phospholipids2. waxes3. steroids4. triglycerides
![Page 13: AP Biology Intro to Organic Molecules & Lipids AP Biology Life is based on Carbon Carbon atoms are versatile building blocks Special bonding properties.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e2a5503460f94b174d6/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
AP Biology
Fats that have at least one double bond between Carbon atoms are called
1 2 3 4
65%
10%5%
20%
1. Unsaturated2. Saturated3. Glycerol4. Fatty Acids
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AP Biology
Phospholipids have a
1 2
84%
16%
1. hydrophobic head and hydrophilic tail
2. hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail
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AP Biology
Which of the following is an example of a steroid
1 2 3 4
12%
0%0%
88%1. Fatty acids2. Sex hormones3. Phospholipids4. Olive Oil