AP Biology Bellwork What is the monomer & polymer of: Carbohydrate= Protein= Lipid= Nucleic...
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Transcript of AP Biology Bellwork What is the monomer & polymer of: Carbohydrate= Protein= Lipid= Nucleic...
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AP Biology
Bellwork What is the monomer & polymer of:
Carbohydrate=
Protein=
Lipid=
Nucleic Acid=
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AP Biology 2007-2008
Molecular Structure of Macromolecules
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AP Biology
Review Smaller organic molecules join together
to form larger molecules macromolecules
4 major classes of macromolecules: carbohydrates lipids proteins nucleic acids
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AP Biology
H2O
HO
HO H
H HHO
Review Long molecules built by linking repeating
building blocks in a chain monomers
building blocks repeated small units
covalent bonds
Dehydration synthesis
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AP Biology
H2O
HO
HO H
H HHO
Target #36- I can state how a polymer is synthesized Synthesis
joins monomers by “taking” H2O out one monomer donates
OH–
other monomer donates H+
together these form H2O
requires energy & enzymes\
Also known as condensation reaction
You gotta be open to“bonding!
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AP Biology
H2O
HO H
HO H HO H
Target #37- I can state how to break down a polymer
Hydrolysis use H2O to breakdown polymers
reverse of dehydration synthesis cleave off one monomer at a time
H2O is split into H+ and OH–
H+ & OH– attach to ends requires enzymes releases energy
Breaking upis hard to do!
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Target #38- I can identify the molecular structure of each macromoleculesCarbohydrates
Characterized by the presence of the atomic grouping H-C-OH
Has a hexagonal shapeCreated with a ring
of carbon molecules
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Proteins Characterized by the
presence of the monomer amino acid There are 20 different
amino acids Vary in Shape Identified by 3
components Amino group Carboxylic acidic group R group
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Lipids Characterized by the
presence of a glycerol and three fatty acid chains Molecular group
Glycerol= H-C-O Fatty Acid Choins
Muliti-carbon chain with many hydogens
Connects to glycerol in a O-C=O group
Has no polymer
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The monomer of a Nucleic Acid is a nucleotide Nucleotides consist of a phosphate, a
pentose sugar, and a nitrogen-containing base
Five nitrogen containing bases Adenine Guaninie Thymine Cytosine Uracil