Acheulian – Lower Paleolithic stones, used as the blunt end of a hand axe.

Alternatives to Burial – Cremation, New Era forms such as cryogenics, etc.

Archaeoastronomy – The investigation of the astronomical knowledge of prehistoric cultures (Maya, Inca, Egyptians, etc.)

Archeobotany – The study of remains of plants cultivated or used by man in ancient times

Archaeology – The study of human history and prehistoric through the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts and other physical remains.

Artifacts – something made or given shape by man. (Tool, art, etc.) CAN BE MOVED

Atlatis, Harpoons, Woomeras – weapons that can be thrown or used to thrown objects

Behistun Inscription – a multi-lingual inscription located on Mount Behistun in Iran (6th Century carving)

Blombos Cave – includes some of the earliest evidence of modern behaviors, bone tools bifacial stone points, ochre pieces, and engraved bone fragments

Boc Mo – A form of secondary burial originating from Asia (China)

Burial Orientation – The orientation in which someone is buried – Prone, Upright, Flexed, Extended. The prone position is typically referred to an insult.

Circumscription Theory – Robert Carneiro – the role of warfare in state formation in political anthropology.

Consequences of Food production – Causes social classes, dependency on crops and agriculture.

Context –

Coprolite – fossilized shit

Core vs. Flake – core: harder stones that didn’t break easily. Flake: Stones such as obsidian that flaked away to make objects such as projectile points.

Cro Magnon – a cave where skeletal remains were found. Located in France.

Dendrochronology- the science or technique of dating events, environmental changes, and archaeological artifacts by using the characteristic patterns of annual growth rings in timber and tree trunks.

Direct percussion – a technique used to chip stone

Domestication – the adaption of an animal or plant through breeding in captivity.

Early civilization – cities that emerge from pre-urban culture.

Ecofacts – organic material found at an archaeological site that carries significance. Natural objects found with artifacts or features such as big horn sheep bones, charcoal, plants, and pollen.

Features – a collection of one or more contexts representing some human non-portable activity that generally has a vertical characteristic to it in relation to site stratigraphy.

Flotation – involves using water to process soil to recover artifacts.

Fossils – the remains or impression of prehistoric organisms preserved in petrified form or as a mold or cast in rock

Ground stone tools – a category of stone tool formed by the grinding of a course-grained tool stone, either on purpose or incidentally.

Half-life - The decay of radioactive materials

Hieratic – writing of abridged hieroglyphics used by priests.

Historical Archaeology – a form of archaeology dealing with places, things, and issues from the past or present when written records and oral traditions can inform and contextualize cultural material.

Hollywood’s Archaeology –

Horizontal excavation – technique used for excavation

Hydraulic theory – the theory that explains civilization’s emergence as the result of construction of elaborate irrigation systems, the functioning of which required full-time managers whose control blossomed into the first governing body and elite social class.

Indirect percussion - Uses a punch between the core and the hammer.

Irrigation – the watering of land to make it ready for agriculture.

Jared Diamond – an archaeologist that ‘

Landfill composition –

Long Distance Trading Theory

Material culture – the physical evidence of culture in the objects and architecture they make, or have made.

Megafauna – large mammals of a particular region, habitat, or geological period.

Neolithic – the later part of the Stone Age

Oldowan – the Lower Paleolithic culture of Africa, about 2-1.5 million years ago. Homo habilis.

Otzi – the iceman

Paleolithic – Earliest period of the Stone Age

Phytolith – a fossilized particle of plant tissue.

Piltdown Fraud – the only viable technique for dating very old archaeological material

Pseudoarcheology – pseudoscience focused on the study or promotion of archaeology in ways which do not meet the basic standards of the scientific method.

Radiocarbon dating – carbon dating

Raised fields – artificial platforms of soil created to protect crops from flooding.

Relative dating – the science of determining the relative order of past events

Absolute dating – the process of determining an age on a specific time scale

Remote sensing – the scanning of the earth by satellite or highflying aircraft in order to obtain information about it.

Rosetta Stone – found in 1799 with inscriptions of hieroglyphics, demotic characters and Greek.

Screening – the passing of excavating mixed through a metal mesh to recover artifacts and larger ecofacts.

Seriation – also called artifact sequencing, is an early scientific method of relative dating, invented by the Egyptologist in the late 19th century.

Silver Fox – Domestication, Russian,

Sites – a place in which evidence of past activity is preserved and which has been, or may be, investigated using the discipline of archaeology and represents a part of archaeological record.

State –

Stratigraphy – geological and archaeological layers that make up an archaeological deposit.

Systematic Survey – the technique of detailed examination of an area for the purpose of recording the location and significance of archaeological resources.

Terraced Fields – a piece of sloped plane that has been cut into a series of successively receding plat surfaces or platforms, which resemble steps, for the purposes of more effective farming.

Transition to states –

Use wear analysis – method to identify the functions of artefact tools by closely examining their working surfaces and edges.