ANNEXUREI BRICK INDUSTRY CLUSTER IN...
Transcript of ANNEXUREI BRICK INDUSTRY CLUSTER IN...
ANNEXUREI BRICK INDUSTRY CLUSTER IN MALUR
Intermittent Downdraught Kiln
Fuel for Brick Kilns (Eucalyptus Leaves)
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IDK Firing Chamber
Air Pollution in the Unit
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Ash in the Unit
Brick Units Cluster in Malur
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BRICK INDUSTRY CLUSTER IN TIRUVALLUR
I I ^^^^^^^^^^^^K ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^HV
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Continuous Kiln
Brick Moulding
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Fuel for Brick Kilns (Coal)
Air Pollution in the Unit
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Brick Units Cluster in Tiruvallur
BRICK INDUSTRY CLUSTER IN KRISHNA
Rural Clamp Kiln
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Brick Moulding
Fuel for Brick Kilns (Coal)
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Rice Husk
Clamp Firing
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Brick Units Cluster in Krishna
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ANNEXURE II UNIT ADDRESS - BRICK CLUSTER, MALUR
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Company / Unit owner
CBI, Narayanasvvamy
SVB, Nagaraj
SVB, Anand Reddy
MTB, Syed Pasha
SKB, Samiulla
Royal Brick Works, Asiff
MTB, Chinna Reddy
Srinivasa Brick Works, Srinivas
SVB, Sarvar Basha
SLV, Venkatesh
SVB, Krishna Reddy
Tirumala Natesh Bricks, N.R.Srinath
Bagavathi Bricks, Bagavathi
BBI, Sri Byraveshwara Bricks
SVB, Shankar
MTB, Krishna Singh
MTB, Chandrashekar
CBI, Chinnaiah
MTB, Manjunatha
MTB, Thammana
MTB, Ravi
BBC, Ajith
MTB, Shammana
ALA, Anjanadri
Srinivasa Brick Works, D.T.Putappa
Venugopal Brick Works, Appayanna
MTB, Aleem
Sri Ragahvendra Brick Works, Jaipal
Sri Lakshmi Venkateshwara Brick Works, K Muniswamy
Address
Tekal Road, Malur
Tekal Road, Malur
Tekal Road, Malur
Tekal Road, Malur
Tekal Road, Malur
Tekal Road, Malur
Tekal Road, Malur
Tekal Road, Malur
Tekal Road, Malur
Tekal Road, Malur
Tekal Road, Malur
Gudnahally Road, Malur
Kadadenahally Road, Malur Taluk
Kadadenahally Road, Malur Taluk
Masthi Road, Malur
Masthi Road, Malur
Masthi Road, Malur
Masthi Road, Malur
Masthi Road, Malur
Masthi Road, Malur
Chennakal, Malur
Chennakal, Malur
Chennakal, Malur
Chennakal, Malur
Old Masthi Road, Malur
Dypsandra Road, Malur
Dypsandra Road, Malur
Dypsandra Road, Malur
Dypsandra Road, Malur
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Sri Kumbeshwara Bricks, Kumar
Ranganatha Brick Works, Narayanaswamy
MTB, Devaraj
SAB, Rathnamma
MTB, Harish
MBW, Harish
PMI, Hanumantha Reddy
PMI, Narayana Reddy
MTB, Manjanna
MTB, Gopala Reddy
PMI, Ramareddy
AHB, Manju
MTB, Manjunatha
MTB, Lakshmi Narayana
SPB, Errappa
Sri Manneshwara Brick Works, M Balaraj
KRB, Krishnappa
Venugopal Brick Works, Ragahavendra
Maruthi Brick Works, Hemanth
VBI, Prakash
Sri Venkateshwara Bricks, H.R. Venu Gopala Krishna
Dypsandra Road, Malur
Dypsandra Road, Malur
Lakkur, Malur
Lakkur, Malur
Lakkur Malur,
Chikka Tirupathi, Malur
Chikka Tirupathi, Malur
Chikka Tirupathi, Malur
Chikka Tirupathi, Malur
Chikka Tirupathi, Malur
Chikka Tirupathi, Malur
Seegapura, Malur
Hoskote Road, Malur
Hoskote Road, Malur
Hoskote Road, Malur
Hoskote Road, Malur
Kolar Road, Malur
Kolar Road, Malur
Kolar Road, Malur
Hungenhalli, Malur
Narasapura Road Hungenahalli, Malur
UNIT ADDRESS - BRICK CLUSTER, TIRUVALLUR
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Company / Unit owner
Supradeepam Brick Works, Ramana
Saravanadeepam Brick Works, Bhaskar, Venkatachalam
Thenaigvelu Brick Works, Jayanaidu
Thannagi Murugan Bricks, Shridhar.B
Dhanalakshmi Bricks, Rajendra
Address
Chokkanallur Village, Tiruvallur
Chokkanallur Village, Tiruvallur
Chokkanallur Village, Tiruvallur
Kavalchery Village, Vayalanallur Post, Tiruvallur
Kavalchery, Tirumalazi centre, Poonamalle, Tiruvallur
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P.S. Mohan Bricks, Mohan, Ravi
Sri Selvavinayaka Brick Industries, R. Sridhar
Nava Jyothi Brick Works, Uday Kumar
Abilash Brick Works, S. Soundaraj, S. Gurumurthy
Sri Suri Krishna Bricks, Hari Krishna
C. Sundara Vinayagar Bricks, Perumal Naidu
Sri Mahalakshmi Brick Fields, A. Rajendran
Sree mahalakshmi Brick Industries, Mahalakshmi
S.K, Shesadri
Gajapathi Brick Works, P. Ramayya
Mahalakshmi Bricks, Gandhi
Rathna Bricks, Rathna
Rasi Brick Works, Lakshman, Rajendran, A Pasi
R.V.K, Chowdhary, Niranjan
MMK, R.S. Munirathnam, Gopi
R.M.N, Chandran, R. Murali Naidu
S.J.P, Soundar, A. Murugan
Balaji Brick Industries, Sivaram, Jaya Babu
Sathya Ganapathi Bricks, Balaraman, Gajendra
Dhana Chamber, Sukumar, mani
P.S.N Brick Industries, Vijayakumar, Padmanaban
P.V.B, Arun
S.B.I, S. Mohan Kumar, Balaji
Sri Kaniyamman Bricks, Gunashekar, Umapathy.K
Saravan Balaji Brick Works, M.G. Babu
Sri Chelliamman Brick works,
Kavalchery Village, Tiruvallur
Thirumanam Village, Tiruvallur District
Vayalanallur, Tiruvallur
Thirumanam Village, Tiruvallur District
Chittakadu, Tiruvallur
Chittakadu, Tiruvallur
Melamanambedu, korutur Village, Tiruvallur
Vayalanallur Village, Tiruvallur
Parivakkam, Tiruvallur
Thiruverkadu, Tiruvallur
Thiruverkadu, Tiruvallur
Thiruverkadu, Tiruvallur
Pakkam, Thirumaliasai, Tiruvallur
Puchi Athipedu, Tiruvallur
Ramapuram, Tiruvallur
Ramapuram, Tiruvallur
Puchi Athipedu, Tiruvallur
Puchi Athipedu, Tiruvallur
Puchi Athipedu, Tiruvallur
Vellaveedu, Keelamanambedu, Tiruvallur
Keelamanambedu, Tiruvallur
Poonamalle, Tiruvallur
Melamanambedu, Tiruvallur
Melamanambedu, Tiruvallur
Melamanambedu, Vellavedu post, Tiruvallur
Thirumanam Village, Poonamalle,
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Ravindrababu
Saraswathi Bricks, V. Kondanan
Sri Vigneshwara Brick Works, Shekar, Ramesh
Sai Bala Bricks, Prabhakar, Mullai
Kamadhenu Brick Works, G. Ranganathan, Rajendra
M.S.R Brick Works, S. Rama Murthy
Sri Guruvariappar & Sons G.K.S, Dhanashekar
S.M Brick Works, Babu, Mohan
Sarguna Brick Works, Shekar
S.S.B Bricks, S. Anand
C.B.I, Dhanushekar
Amamath Bricks, Manivanan, Desinga
S.A.B Sherathaman Bricks, Ramachandra, Shivakumar
Raghu Chamber, Raghu, Rajesh
S.B.M Sundara Chamber, Madhavan
K.S.M, G. Kuppan
O.S.B, Mukherji
V.B.C, Venkatnarayan
S.L.N Sri Lakshmi Narasimha Brick Fields, V. Sampath
P.M.K, Suresh.K
Tiruvallur
Adambakkam, Tiruvallur
Nemam, Tiruvallur
Koratur, Ncmam, Poonamalle Post. Tiruvallur
Pudhuchatiram, Kannadapalayam, Tiruvallur
Nemam, Tiruvallur
Pudhuchatiram, Koratur, Tiruvallur
Pudhuchatiram, Tiruvallur
Amman Kovil Theruvu, GK kannadapalayam, Tiruvallur
Nemam, Tiruvallur
Kothimbakkam. Tiruvallur
Kothimbakkam, Tiruvallur
Kothimbakkam, Tiruvallur
Kothimbakkam, Tiruvallur
Kothimbakkam, Tiruvallur
Kalmedu, Tiruvallur
Puchi Athipedu , Tiruvallur
Thirukanadalam, Tiruvallur
Thirukanadalam Panchayathi, Tiruvallur
Puchi Athipedu , Thirukandalam , Tiruvallur
UNIT ADDRESS - BRICK CLUSTER, KRISHNA
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Entrepreneur Name
Nagababu
Lakshmaiah
V. Ramu, Vinayaka Bricks
Raghavendra
Address
Kumaravolu, Krishna District
Muthanahalli, Kaikalur Taluk, Krishna District
Nagarapadu, Ellur Road, Krishna District
Ramanapudi, near check post.
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Nagababu
Raghavendra
Subbaya
Kiran babu, Balu
S. Sambashiva Rao
Ramakrishna
Meragu Subbarao, Venkateshwara Fire Bricks
Srinivasarao
Hari Babu, Venkateshwara Brick Works
Venkat Rao
Ramesh, Renuka Brick Works
Venkateshwara Rao
Subramani .V
Gopi
Ramesh
Vasanthawada Swamy
Lakshmaiah
Kondaiah .V
Seenu
C. H. Venkatreddy
Anamneni Shivayya
Rataiah
Janardhan Rao, Ramesh
Rattaiah
Sambasiva Rao
Shankar Rao
Adasmill Srinivas Rao
Srinivasa
Pamar, Krishna District
Ramanapudi, near check post, Pamar, Krishna District
Ramanapudi, near check post, Pamar, Krishna District
Ramanapudi, Gudiwada, Krishna District
Ghandiashram, near check post, Krishna District
Ghandiashram, near check post, Krishna District
Nagarapadu, Ellur Road, Krishna District
Thotallaullur, Krishna District
Thotallaullur, Krishna District
Thotallaullur, Krishna District
Thotallaullur, Krishna District
ThottalauUur, Krishna District
Kumaravolu, Krishna District
Lingawaram, Krishna District
Lingawaram, Krishna District
Lingawaram, Krishna District
Vasanthawada, Krishna District
Vasanthawada, Krishna District
Lingawaram, Krishna District
Lingawaram, Krishna District
Lingawaram, Krishna District
Gudiwada, Krishna District
Lingawaram, Krishna District
Gudiwada, Krishna District
Pessar Lanka, KoUur
Pessar Lanka, KoUur
Pessar Lanka, Kollur
Pessar Lanka, Kollur
Pessar Lanka, Kollur
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Surya Prakash Rao, Suresh
Ratna Reddy
G. Narayana Reddy
Krishna Reddy
Naga Subbareddygaru
Bhaskar Reddy
Parandhamaya, Bhaskar Reddy
Venkateshvarulu Naidu
Shivaram krishna
Obullareddy, Ramarao
Venkateshwaralu Naidu
Prasad
Ramachandra Reddy
Uday Babu
Obullareddy, Nani
Shankar Rao
Paravathalu
Venkat Rao
Pessar Lanka, Kollur
Thurukarapallayam, Kollur
Thurukarapallayam, Kollur
Thurukarapallayam, Kollur
Thippalakatta, Kollur
Thippalakatta, Kollur
Thippalakatta, Kollur
Thippalakatta, Kollur
Thippalakatta, Kollur
Thippalakatta, Kollur
Thippalakatta, Kollur
Thippalakatta, Kollur
Thippalakatta, Kollur
Kanchilu, Kessar road, Krishna District
Krishna Nadi peradu, Krishna District
Kessar road , Krishna District
Krishna Nadi peradu, kessar road , Krishna District
Kessar road Munieru, Krishna District
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ANNEXURE III QUESTIONNAIRE FOR BRICK UNIT CLUSTER
A. Unit Profile
1. Name of the Unit
2. Name of entrepreneur
3. Address
4. Phone No
5. Age of entrepreneur
6. Entrepreneurial Qualifications
7. Age of Units
8. Origin of Enterprise
9. Nature of the organization
10. Working Period of The Unit
Below 21 a 21-30 D 31-40 D 41-50D 51-60 • 60 and above • Up to SSLC • PUC/Diploma/ITI L BA/B.SC/B.COM//BBM • BE/B.Tech L MA/M.Sc/M.Com D MBA/MCA U 1970's a 1980's D 1990^s a 2000andafterr First time entrepreneur • Inherited from father Cl! Started with partner(s) D Inherited with partner(s) L Proprietorship firm Q Partnership firm Q Private limited ( 1 Others | | Perennial( 12 months) • Seasonal •
B. Investment
1) Preliminary and Pre-operative Costs
Item
1. Initial Investment in Land and buildings (Rs.) Type of land: a. Own b. Rented/lease Rate: Rs months/year,
2. Source of water: Bore well • Tanked) (Rate) Open well D Others D
3. Own the transportation Lorry • Tractor • 4. Total
5. Present market value of land and buildings(Rs.)
Amount (Rs.)
2) Machinery and Tools
Item
1. Kiln and chimney
2. Initial Investment in Tools (wooden moulds, vessels, water buckets & accessories)
3. Generator set,pug mills, wire cut machinery, wood cutfing machine, mixers. Moulding M/c others
Amount (Rs.)
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4. Total
3) Administrative Expenses
Description
1. Repairs and maintenance, Others Yearly
2. Advance to employees
3. Total
Amount(Rs)
>t Sources of Funding: Own capital (equity) O Bank Loan (Interest) D
Others (specify)
C. Functional Characteristics
1) Raw Materials Input
Items
1. Clay
2. Sand
3. Water
4. Additives
5. Total
Quantity Total Cost in Rs.(including
transportation cost)
g< Sources of Raw Material Pvt Q Govt D Local Q Outside •
^ What is the distance from which raw material is transported? Kms
2) Human Resource
Process
1. Mixing+ Brick Making(Molders) + Shifting to dry Yard
2. Dried bricks from yard to kiln + Loading + Unloading and Stacking of bricks
Unit
Per 1000 bricks
Rate of labor (Rs)
No. of labor
Total cost (Rs)
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3. Firing (foremen)
4. Supervisor (Accountant, office staff, administration)
5. Total
• "~
3) Nature of Technology:
Type of Klin
1. Rural Clamps(open kiln) Q
2. Intermittent Down Draught kiln(lDK) Q
3. Continuous Hoffmann Kiln(CHK) 1—.
4. Vertical Shaft Brick Kilns(VSBK) (—)
5. Fixed chimney • Moveable Chimney D
Number Overall dimensions
4) Energy Consumption
Description
I. Electricity consumption(running motor, fan, lighting(HP), labour quarters,etc.,)
2. Coal
3. Diesel
4. Eucalyptus Leaves
5. Firewood
6. Other fiiels (if any) (Kerosene, Agri. Waste, Charcoal, etc.)
7. Generator set YES D NO • If yes fijel used is
Quantity
Rate (including
transportat ion cost)
Total (Rs.)/year
"Js. To what extent you consider the importance of energy as an input in production?
Very imp. Q Imp. O Moderately imp. Q Un imp. Q Totally unimp. •
^ Sourcesof Energy Particulars Pvt O Govt D Local • Outside D
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^ Problems of Energy Sources High Cost D Tax Q Irregular Supply •
Govt Restriction O High Tr. Cost O Others •
5) Production
a) Sequence of production processes and duration:(cycle time)
Production Process (per cycle)
1. Mixing of soil
2. Green brick making
3. Drying
4. Transportation & Loading of bricks
5. Brick Firing
6. Brick unloading & selling
Description of Equipment /Manually
Period /Cycle Time(Month/No. of
days/hrs)
b) Records of production:
Description
1. Size/specifications of Product
2. Average number of green bricks loading in the kiln (Number of bricks) /cycle
3. Number of days/hrs kiln in operation /cycle
4. Saleable number of bricks /cycle
5. No. of cycles/year
6. Total number of bricks/year
7. Rate per brick
Estimate
^ The average weight in Kg: Green brick Fired brick
^ Whether you are using the fiill production capacity? Yes I I No I I
Capacity utilized below 25% D 25% to 50% D 50% to 75% D 75% to 100% D
If No, why? Give reasons for under utilization
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6) Wastage
Item
1. Ash
2. Charcoal
3. Bricks Overbumed , Underbumed & Pieces
Quantity/ cycle/year Price Usage
7) Marketing
^ Type of Marketing Directly D Through agent Q Both Q
JT Degree of competition on sales market Limited O Average O Strong •
^ Location of competitors mainly in Same place D Less than 50% district I I
More than 50% state •
D. Barriers And Drivers For Energy Efficiency
Please indicate the importance of each of the barrier dimensions on a keeping your unit in perspective?
five -point scale.
1 = Disagree, 2 = Somewhat Agree , 3 = Agree, 4 = Very much Agree, 5 = Completely Agree
No
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Barriers
Management finds production more important than energy efficiency There is a lack of awareness of the terms like "Energy efficiency", Energy audit", etc.
There is a lack of technical knowledge within the brick units.
Lack of training programmes to the employees with regard to energy aspects in our firm.
Energy carrier used in the process is easily available in the area of location of the unit causing least attention towards improvement in energy efficiency.
Energy is cheap or Energy costs do not merit consideration.
Management is concerned about the investment costs of energy efficient technology adoption and long payback period.
The Unit is reluctant to invest because of high risk.
There is lack of policies and procedures within the unit.
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Management believes there is no or little scope for improvement.
Lack of energy related focus in local association meetings.
Only new and expensive technologies can improve energy efficiency in the units. New technology can only be considered after the existing technology becomes completely outdated. There is lack of coordination regarding energy related issues among the brick units in the cluster. There is lack of public and NGOs participation towards energy efficiency improvements. Lack of research personnel or trained manpower in the area of energy efficiency. Other investments are more important compared to investing in Energy efficiency improvements. It is difficult to obtain financing for energy efficiency projects from external sources.
Environmental policies and legislations relating to energy are weak.
There is a lack of strict enforcement of energy and environmental regulations and absence of "carrot & sUck" approach. Lack of motivation due to absence of subsidies / specific government grants for energy efficiency measures. It is difficult to introduce new technology due to internal organizational structure. There is lack of effective programmes to improve energy efficiency fi^om external organizations like institutions, Research & Development centers, Universities, MSME development Our unit does not possess targets in terms of energy efficiency improvements.
Employees in the unit do not want to change the way they work.
Present technology is easy and we are familiar with it and more over we are not confident of the suitability of new processes and Benefits of implemented energy efficiency measures are not quantifiable, poor financial gain/return. Size of the unit is too small, the production volume is too low and hence the incentive for the better technology and energy efficiency improvements is very low. Lack of market demand and severe competition for the product makes energy efficiency issue less important as priority is to improve the sales rather than efficiency. It is felt that the government should help MSME units to improve energy efficiency.
Technology will become cheaper in future, thus go slow.
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Drivers
The following are the generally considered drivers for Energy Efficiency (EE) improvement in brick units. Please indicate which of them are most relevant in your unit by ranking them.
Drivers
1. EE as a tool to reduce energy consumption.
2. EE as a tool to reduce per unit cost.
3. EE as a tool to reduction in wastage.
4. EE as a tool to meet shortage of energy supply and rising energy price.
5. EE as a tool to minimize environmental degradation.
6. EE as a tool to Improve compliance with governmental regulations.
7. EE as a tool to occupational, health and safety improvement.
8. EE as a marketing label and status symbol in improved product quality.
9. EE as a tool to achieve competitiveness and sustainability of the unit.
10. Energy efficiency due to any other reason (please specify).
Rank
E. Environmental Impact
1. How aware are you of the environmental impact of brick units?
> I am very aware and often do my own research into energy saving/efficiency •
^ Mostly aware of the environmental impact through the usual media exposure D
•2S. I am aware of some of the environmental issues
"Js- I am aware of the current debate, but am not yet convinced D
^ I am not aware of the environmental impact D
2. Are you aware of any environmental government policies? Y e s D No D
3. Have you obtained the pollution clearness certificate from pollution control board? Yes D
No a
4. Have you received any pollution control devices from Government/Pollution control
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board'? Yes D No D
5. Do you consider the pollutants dangerous?
Not at all D Somewhat D Extremely dangerous •
6. Are you following any preventive (or) mitigation measures towards environmental
impact
Yes a No •
If yes what measures?
^ Planting fast growing trees •
^ Using filters in chimney to reduce air pollution
^ Increase in labour skill level
"» Technology shifts say from IDK (biomass) to VSBK (coal)
^ Refractory bricks/ lining to provide insulation of kiln
^ Usually repair/clean the chimney once a year
^ Changing of coal grade/fuel
a • • a a a
F. Characteristics Relating To Interaction And Awareness
1. Do you have interaction among entrepreneurs of other units in any of the follow iiig way
please tick :
a. Nature of Interaction
^ Learning from each other's experiences through informal networks •
^ Direct formal interaction Q
^ Sharing of information with firms linked by family friendship ties •
^ Interaction emanating due to the initiatives taken by the local associations O
^ Interactions during seminars or training O
b. Level of Interaction
^ Solving production and quality related problems •
^ Adaptafions and improvements in production processes D
^ Adaptations of products to changing market needs D
^ Installing and adopting machines and tools '—'
2. Are you aware of energy conservation Yes CD No CD if yes, have you initiated any
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steps
towards energy conservation? Yes CZl No O if yes please tick any of the following:
>^ Recovering the waste heat from the exhaust of your kiln [—i
^ Improve brick drying before firing Q
^ Improve air flow control O
^ New kiln design/ Better technology D
^ Monitoring and auditing the energy consumption of our finn •
>s- Others please specify
3. Prior to starting this business, did you/ staff ever worked in other similar firms? Yes •
No O • If Yes, • did they undergo any technical training there/ did you send your
employee for training? Yes O No Q if no what is the main reason?
4. Did you get any training or guidance from government organisations/DIC? Yes CD
No a
5. Whether you have received any energy/power subsidy/ state capital subsidy for
investment from the government? Yes • No •
6. Have you gone for any Modernization/Technology up-gradation, or any innovative
steps Yes D No D if yes, state the nature
7. What is your opinion about the future of this business?
Growing • Stable Q Decline D Remain same O Do not know/can't say D
Thank you!
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