Animal Cells and Plant Cells

What is a cell?

Cell is a basic unit structure of life .

Cell Membrane- Every cell is surrounded by a cell

membrane.

-It is sometimes called a plasma membrane. 

- The cell membrane separates the cell from its external environment and from the neighboring cells.

Nucleus- The nucleus is the most important

organelle (Little Body) within the cell. It has two vital functions; to control the activities of the cell and to facilitate cell division.

- This spherical organelle is usually located in or near the center of the cell.

Cytoplasm- Cytoplasm is a sticky, semi fluid material found between the nucleus and the cell membrane. Chemical analysis of the cytoplasm shows that it consists of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, minerals, salts, and water. 

Golgi Body (Apparatus)

Packages the proteins made by the ribosome so they can be sent out of the cell. The UPS store of the cell

Mitochondrion

"powerhouse of the cell" breaks down sugar molecules to release energy, site of cellular respiration, double membrane, self-replicating, contains own DNA, cristae

Vacuole

"Storage tanks" Can hold food, water or waste for the cell

Ribosome

Makes proteins for the cell, can be found attached to the endoplasmic reticulum or free in the cytoplasm

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Transportation network for the cell, moves materials around in the cell Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)- endoplasmic reticulum that has ribosomes attached.Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)- does not have ribosome's attached

Lysosome

"Stomach of the cell" Helps the cell digest food, waste and worn out cell parts

Chloroplast

A special plastid that contains chlorophyll a pigment that captures the sun's energy to produce glucose in a process called photosynthesis

Cell Wall

Rigid outer layer made of cellulose that supports and protects the cell (plant, fungi, and bacterial cells)

Vesicle

Stores and Transports substances from the Golgi Body to the cell membrane for export. "The UPS truck of the cell"

Cytoskeletongives support and shape to the cell, made of proteins

Centriole

Organizes special parts of the cytoskeleton called microtubules for cell division, migrates to opposite ends (poles) of the cell to assist with cell division

Animal cells

According to the cell theory, proposed over 150 years ago:

• Most cells are very tiny and can only be seen with the aid of a microscope. A human body is composed of billions of cells!

• The cells in the human body consist of blood cells, skin cells, brain cells and many others and each type of cells has different functions.

• Despite their differences, most cells in living organisms have similar structures and functions.

• A cell membrane keeps all the parts of the cell inside.

• It controls what enters and exits the cell such as water, nutrients and waste and thereby protects and supports the cell.

• It is the outermost layer in the animal cell.

Cell Membrane

• Inside the cell, there is a large fluid-filled space called the cytoplasm.

• It is a jelly-like substance composed of mainly water as well as substances like dissolved nutrients.

• The cytoplasm fills up the space between the nucleus and the cell membrane.

Cytoplasm

• The nucleus is located in the cytoplasm of the cell.

• It controls and regulates all cell activities. It is the "control center" of the cell and it contains the cell's DNA. 

• It has a similar function to the brain of the body which is helping to control eating, movement, and reproduction.

Nucleus

Animal Cell - Functions

Nucleus control centre of the cell – stores information for cell functions

Cytoplasm jelly-like, where cell activities take place

Cell membrane thin, controls the substances that enter or exit the cells

Let’s summarise:

Examples of Cells found in Animals

Cheek Cells

Can you identify the parts of the cell?- cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm

Red Blood Cells

Human Muscle Cells

Plant cells

• A cell membrane keeps all the parts of the cell inside.

• It controls what

enters and exits the cell such as water, nutrients and waste and thereby protects and supports the cell.

• It is found just inside the cell wall in the plant cell.

Cell Membrane

• The cell wall is found in plant cells but not in animal cells.

• This is the outermost layer in the plant cell. It is stiff and rigid and helps a plant keep its shape.

• Cell walls allow materials like water and nutrients; waste, oxygen and carbon dioxide to pass to and from the cell membrane.

Cell Wall

• Chloroplasts are only found in plant cells. They are responsible for photosynthesis.

• Every green plant you see is working to convert the energy from the sun into sugars during the process of photosynthesis.

• Plants are the basis of all life on Earth. They make sugars, and the by-product of photosynthesis is the oxygen that we breathe.

• Chloroplasts are green because of the pigment chlorophyll.

Chloroplast

• Inside the cell, there is a large fluid-filled space called the cytoplasm.

• It is a jelly-like substance composed of mainly water as well as substances like dissolved nutrients.

• The cytoplasm is found in both plant and animal cells, filling the space between the nucleus and the cell membrane.

Cytoplasm

• The nucleus is found in both plant and animal cells.

• It is located in the cytoplasm of the cell.

• It controls and regulates all cell activities. It is the "control center" of the cell and it contains the cell's DNA. 

• It has a similar function to the brain of the body which is helping to control eating, movement, and reproduction.

Nucleus

Nucleus control centre of the cell – stores information for cell functions

Chloroplasts contain green pigment chlorophyll, needed in photosynthesis

Cytoplasm jelly-like, where cell activities take place

Cell membrane

thin, controls the substances that enter or exit the cells

Cell wall stiff wall which gives plant cells their shape

Plant Cell - Functions

Let’s summarise:

Examples of Cells found in Plants

Hydrilla Cells

Hydrilla Cells- Magnified

Can you spot the cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm and chloroplasts?

Onion Cells

Onion cell- Magnified

Can you identify the parts of the cell?

Cells in a leaf

stoma

stoma

Cells in the stem

xylem

phloem

Differences between Plant and Animal Cells

Plant Cell Animal Cell•Plant cells contain chloroplasts to make food from solar energy during photosynthesis.•Underground parts of plants usually do not contain chloroplasts.

•Animal cells do not contain chloroplasts.

•Plant cells contain cell wall.

Animal cells do not have cell wall.

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