Animal Strategies I. Body Organization A. Complexity.
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Transcript of Animal Strategies I. Body Organization A. Complexity.
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Animal Strategies
I. Body OrganizationA. Complexity
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From Cells to Tissues to Organs to Systems
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B. Tissues
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a. Epithelium b. Connective
Figure 40.5
Figure 40.5
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c. Muscle d. Nervous
Figure 40.5 Figure
40.5
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e. Embryonic
Figure 47.1
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Developmental stages of an Echinoderm
Figure 47.7
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Differentiation yields endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm from the inner cell mass.
Figure 47.16
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C. Systems
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Which body systems are involved in movement? Skeletal, Muscular, and
ArticularWhich body systems are involved in homeostasis?Circulatory, Integumentary, Urinary, Nervous, and Endocrine
Which body systems are involved in energy capture?
Digestion and Respiratory
Which body systems are involved in regulation? Nervous and
Endocrine
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Which body systems are involved in reproduction?Reproductive, Nervous, and
EndocrineWhich body systems are involved in protection?Circulatory, Integumentary, Nervous, and
EndocrineWhat are the body systems seen in animals?Integumentary, Skeletal, Articular,
Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Circulatory, Excretory, Digestive, Respiratory, and Reproductive
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II. Body PlanA. Traditional
View
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Based on Embryonic and Anatomic evidencea.
Evidence
Metamorphosis
Remodeling
Figure 32.2
Figure 32.4
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b. Grades - 35 animal clades based on tissues present
Figure 32.10 & 11
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b. Grades - 35 animal clades based on body symmetry
Figure 32.7
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b. Grades - 35 animal clades based on body cavities
Figure 32.8
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b. Grades - 35 animal clades based on development patterns
Figure 32.9
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B. Molecular View
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Based on DNA and rRNA evidence?a. EvidenceLophotrocho
zoavs.
Figure 32.13
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vs. Ecdyozoa
Figure 32.12
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b. Comparison of Molecular vs. Traditional views.
Figure 32.10 & 11
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III. Animal PhylaA.
Invertebrates
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Parazoans = Phylum Porifera
Sessile adults, suspension feeders, hermaphroditic, and special cells called choanocytes and amebocytes
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Figure 33.4
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Radiata = Phylum Cnidarians
Cnidocytes and Nematocysts
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Radiata = Phylum Ctenophora
Comb jellies
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Protostomia: Lophotrochozoa = Phylum PlatyhelminthesFlat worms
Figure 33.10
Figure 33.12
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Phylum NemerteaProboscis or Ribbon worms with
complete digestive tract and closed circulatory system.
Figure 33.15
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Phylum MolluscaFigure 33.17
Figure 33.20
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Phylum MolluscaFigure
33.18
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Phylum Mollusca
Figure 33.22
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Phylum Annelida
Figure 33.24 & 25
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Protostomia : Ecdysozoa = Phylum Nematoda
Roundworms = moist habitat; non-segmented, short tapered ends, a cuticle exoskeleton, pseudocoelomic, and sexual
Figure 33.26
Figure 33.27
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Phylum Arthropoda
Figure 33.31
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Phylum Arthropoda
Figure 33.33
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Phylum Arthropoda
Figure 33.36
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Phylum Arthropoda
Figure 33.38
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Phylum Echinodermata
Radial yet segmented
Figure 33.40
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Figure 33.40
Phylum Echinodermata
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B. Vertebrates
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Deuterostomia = Phylum Chordata
Notochord, Dorsal Nerve Cord, Pharyngeal Slits, & Post anal Tail
Invertebrate Chordates = tunicates and lancelets
Figure 34.4
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Notochord, Dorsal Nerve Cord, Pharyngeal Slits, & Post Anal Tail
and lancelets
Figure 34.5
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Chordates gnathostomes (jaw less) = Myxini, Figure 34.9
Figure 34.10
Notochord, Dorsal Nerve Cord, Pharyngeal Slits, & Post Anal Tail
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Chordates (jawed) Chondrichthyes,
Figure 34.15
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Chordates Osteichthyes, &Figure 34.18
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Chordates & Amphibia (in and out, tetrapod)
Figure 34.21
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Chordates Amniotes = Reptilia &
Figure 34.27
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Chordates Amniotes = & Aves
Figure 34.30
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Chordates Mammalia
Characteristics?
= Monotremes
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Chordates Mammalia
= Marsupials
Figure 34.34
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Chordates Mammalia
= Eutherians (Placentals)
Figure 34.35
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Diligence is the key.