Unit 1 The CellContributions by biologists:Anton van Leeuwenhoek - microscopeRobert Hooke - cellsMatthias Schleien - plants!heoor Schwann - animalsRuol" #irchow- cell reprouctionAll living things are compose o" cells$Cells are the basic units o" structure an "unction in living things$%ew cells are prouce "rom e&isting cells$1. Cell membrane: thin' "le&ible barrier aroun the cell$2.Cell wall: strong layer surrouning the cell membrane in certain cells$3. Nucleus: contains the cell(s genetic material )*%A+ an controls the cell(s activities$ 4. Cytoplasm: all material insie the cell membrane e&cept the nucleus$1. Prokaryotes: small' simple cells that have a cell membranes an cytoplasm but no nucleus$ ),&ample: bacteria+2. Eukaryotes: cells that have a nucleus an contain speciali-e structures calle organelles$ )plants' animals'"ungi' . many microorganisms+ /rganelles0 small speciali-e organs that carry out speci"ic "unctions in the cell1 literally means 2little organs$3Cytoplasm0 the portion o" the cell outsie the nucleus$1) Nucleus Contains nearly all o" the cell(s *%A$Consiere the control center o" the cell because *%A carries important instructions "or cell "unction$Surroune by a nuclear envelope that has pores to allow material to move into an out o" the nucleus$Nucleus *continue+,*%A here is in 4 "orms:A$ Chromatin - granular1 sprea out in the nucleus$5$ Chromosomes - conense' threalike structures that "orm when the cell is iviing$!he nucleolus is a ense region in the nucleus use "or the assembly o" proteins$') Lsoso!es2Clean up3 crew 0 get ri o" cell 6unk*igest nutrients so that they are in a "orm that the cells can use$Also break own worn out cell parts$-) Ri.oso!esSmall particles mae o" R%A . protein$7roteins are assemble here$8oun in the cytoplasm or attache to the enoplasmic reticulum$/) En+o"las!ic Reticulu!*ER,9nternal membrane system in which lipi components o" the cell membrane are assemble an some proteins are moi"ie$ 0) 1ol2i $""aratusStack o" membranes that moi"y an package proteins to be sent outsie o" the cell$ 3) 4acuoles:se to store materials such as water' salts' proteins . carbohyrates$7ressure in these structures make it possible "or plants to support heavy leaves . "lowers$7) 5itochon+ria!he 2power house3 o" the cell$Releases energy "rom store "oo molecules$ :se energy "rom "oo to make high-energy compouns that the cell can use to power growth' evelopment' an movement$6) Chloro"lasts8oun in plant cells1 not "oun in animal cells$:se the energy "rom sunlight to make energy-rich "oo molecules in a process known as photosynthesis$ All cells are surroune by a cell membrane' however' some cells also have a cell wall$$) Cell !e!.raneRegulates what enters . leaves the cell$7rovies protection . support$Compose o" a ouble-layere sheet calle the lipi bilayer which is compose o" lipis' proteins . carbohyrates$#)Cell 7all8oun outsie the cell membrane$8oun in plants' algae' "ungi' . many prokaryotes#ery porous 0 allows water' o&ygen' . carbon io&ie to pass through$