Andreja%20palatinus microlitter%20monitoring
description
Transcript of Andreja%20palatinus microlitter%20monitoring
The Project is co-founded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA)
Photo: Eco Vitae, Boštjan Mljač
Overview of the proposed DeFishGear Monitoring and Assessment Strategy of micro litter Andreja Palatinus, IWRS
dr. Manca Kovač Viršek, IWRS Dr. Elen Kaberi, HCMR
Dr. Cristina Zeri, HCMR Dr. Catharina Tsangaris, HCMR
Giluio Pojana, Ca‘Foscari Dr. Marilyine Pflieger, UNG
WP4 Working Group Meeting on Marine Litter 12th May 2014, Athens Greece
The Project is co-founded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA)
Main goal of WP5
• To choose common approach to assess microplastic pollution on sea surface (accumulation zones, fishery areas, river outflows), beach sediment and ingested by biota (commercially available fish);
• Analyse chemical composition of found microlitter;
• Analyse POPs on pellets and larger pieces;
• Start research activities on nanoplastic (<0,3mm) analysis.
The Project is co-founded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA)
Partnership
Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia
The National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
ARPA Emilio-Romagna, Italy
Ca‘Foscari University of Venice, Italy
University of Nova Gorica, Slovenia
Institute for Oceanography and Fisheries, Croatia
Hydro-engineering Institute of the Faculty of Civil Engineering, Sarajevo
Bosnia&Herzegovina
Agricultural University of Tirana, Albania
Hellenic Centre for Marine Research,Greece
Euro-Mediterranean Center or Climate Change, Italy
The Project is co-founded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA)
WP5 Timeline
5.1 - Defining an assessment and monitoring strategy for microplastics in the Adriatic
5.2 - Pilot survey I based on modeling results (sea surface, beach sediment)
5.3 - Data collection, evaluation, processing, validation of modeling
5.4 - Pilot survey II in fishing areas (sea surface, biota)
5.5 - Data analysis and reporting
The Project is co-founded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA)
Sampling (planned)
• 2014 seasurface + riverine outflow + beach sediment
sampling locations will be determined by the calculation of the accumulation zones of pollution by CMCC (except Bosnia & Herzegovina and Slovenia)
• 2015 seasurface + biota
sampling locations will be in
fishing areas (except Bosnia &
Herzegovina and Slovenia)
Foto: CMCC
The Project is co-founded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA)
Seasurface sampling
• IWRS & ARPA experience
• Manta net (Eriksen)
• Out of the wake zone using a spinnaker boom or „A“ frame
• 30 min, speed 2.5 - 3 knots
• Only in calm weather (1-2 beaufort)
• June-October and if
possible November-March
Foto: Eriksen
Precaution to minimise contamination & Metadata recording as in TG ML Guidelines
The Project is co-founded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA)
Country Year 2014 Year 2015 (fishery area)
Type of sample Number of
sampling
days
Number of
samples
Number of
sampling
days
Number of
samples
Croatia Sea surface 2 days 10 2 days 10
River outflow
surface
1 day 2
Italy Sea surface 3 days 15 3 days 15
River outflow
surface
1 day 2
Albania Sea surface 1 day 5 1 day 5
River outflow
surface
1 day 2
Greece Sea surface 2 days 10 2 days 10
Slovenia Sea surface 1 day (2 days) 5 (10) 1 day (2
days)
5 (10)
Bosnia -
Herzegovina
Sea surface ? ? ? ?
The Project is co-founded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA)
Seasurface sample analysis
• Microplastics separation
• Microplastics analysis (chemical)
Sample separation method:
• Sample dilution followed by dissecting stereomicroscope
– Stereomicroscope (80x zoom)
– Particles categorized by the size, type, shape and color (MSFD Technical Subgroup on Marine Litter, 2013)
• Results expression
– particles/m3 and particles/m2 and also weight/m3 and weight/m2
Photo: NIC
The Project is co-founded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA)
Chemical caracterization
The Project is co-founded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA)
Beach sediment sampling
• HCMR experience
• sandy beaches on the top
of the shore (strand line)
• Upper 5cm of the surface
sediment
• At least 5 replicates, separated by at least 5m
• Sampling separately the two size categories: 1-5mm and 20μm-1mm
• before May or after September (October, November – depending of the weather)
Photo:HCMR
The Project is co-founded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA)
Country Year 2014
Type of sample Number of sampling
days
Number of
samples
Croatia Beach sediment 1 beach (before and
after summer)
10
Italy Beach sediment 1 beach (before and
after summer)
10
Albania Beach sediment - -
Greece Beach sediment 3 beaches (before
and after summer)
30
Slovenia Beach sediment 1 beach (before and
after summer)
10
Bosnia -
Herzegovina
Beach sediment ? ?
The Project is co-founded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA)
Seabed sample analysis
• Microplastics separation • Microplastics analysis (chemical)
• Density separation:
– A known volume (normally 50 ml) of sediment is added to a separating funnel using a metal spoon and 200 ml of saturated NaCl added. A stopper is added and the mixture agitated by hand for 2 minutes, then allowed to settle for 2 minutes. The supernatant is then transferred to suction filtration via a Buckner funnel and passed through a 10μm retention filter paper. Filter papers are removed and stored in sealed petri dishes prior to examination under the microscope. The NaCl separation procedure is repeated three times with each sediment sample to ensure a high recovery of buoyant debris.
Photo: HCMR
The Project is co-founded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA)
Biota
• HCMR & IOF Split experience
• Commercially available fish (benthic and pelagic) species (additionally mussels & Caretta caretta)
– Species, which fulfill the requirements of an indicators species such as sand eel, sprat, herring, and sardines, should be considered
• A sample size of at least
50 specimen per species
• Potential use of already
ongoing fisheries analysis
WP4
Photo: HCMR
The Project is co-founded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA)
• Timing: spring 2015
• IT - mussels;
• ALB, CRO, GR, SI - commercially available fishes
The Project is co-founded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA)
Biota sample analysis
Microplastics separation • Gut examined with a dissecting microscope • Digestive tract slit open using scissors and examined
immediately • Depending on the size of the organism the entire gut or
samples of gut wall can be examined • Fragments of unusual appearance removed with
forceps, placed on clean filter papers in petri dishes and sealed
• Results: Nr of items/g of intestine, size (100s µm), color, shape
Categorisation and identification of particles • Fragments categorized according to size, shape, color
etc • Identification of polymere type via spectroscopy (FT-IR,
RAMAN or NIR Raman)
The Project is co-founded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA)
POPs analysis
• International Pellet Watch studies –IPW- (Endo et al., 2005; Ogata et al., 2009; Hirai et al, 2011)
• sampling procedure for sediment (OSPAR Commission)
• Focus mostly on PE pellets (100-200 pellets (at least 50) per location/beach)
• Later floating litter
WP4
The Project is co-founded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA)
POPs analysis
Main steps of the procedure:
• Extraction of POPs in organic solvent by Soxhlet and/or ASE (Accelerated Solvent Extractor);
• Purification by SPE (Solid Phase Extraction) on florisil based sorbent;
• Concentration step: Evaporation and redissolution in appropriate solvent;
• Analysis by GC-MS (20 PCBs), GC-ECD (DDTs, lindane and its isomers, endosulfan).
The Project is co-founded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA)
Nanoplastics (0.03-0.3mm)
• Ca‘ Foscari UNIVE experience and work
• Experimental part of the project
Aim:
• Development of specific protocols for the determination of nanoplastics by modification/adaptation of methodologies and protocols already available (proposed/applied) for microplastics, as those recently recommended by European Commission Technical Subgroup on Marine Litter
The Project is co-founded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA)
Nanoplastics
• data to be obtained and reported for a correct assessment of nanoplastic pollution and identification of impacts on marine biota
• metrics (number, mass)
• size distribution
• shape (sphere, fiber, platelet, etc.)
• chemical composition (polymer composition)
• impurities (organic, inorganic)
The Project is co-founded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA)
Nanoplastics
• Critical steps to be evaluated:
– sampling protocols (size and matrix dependant)
– extraction procedures (size and matrix dependant)
– purification techniques (i.e. separation from natural particles)
– instrumental identification
The Project is co-founded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA)
• techniques to be evaluated according to:
– applicability to the specific size range
– statistical significance
– simplicity (wide applicability in different labs)
– matrix (sediment, water, biota)
The Project is co-founded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA)
Thank you very much for your attention
Andreja Palatinus - [email protected] dr. Manca Kovač Viršek – [email protected]
Dr. Elen Kaberi - [email protected] Dr. Christina Zeri - [email protected]
Dr. Catharina Tsangaris - [email protected] Dr. Giulio Pojana- [email protected]
Dr. Maryline Pflieger - [email protected]
The Project is co-founded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA)
Sample collection
Rinsing the net with the filtered sea water or tap
water
End volume of sample max. 250ml
Type of jar used (material) glass
Fixation on the boat 70 % alcohol
Slikca vzorca z ladje
The Project is co-founded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA)
• Microplastics in beaches can be sampled at the same time as macro debris on beaches, or in parallel with any other routine intertidal monitoring (e.g. for chemical contaminants, biota)
• Reporting units: items/ml of sediment (LMP),
items/g of sediment (SMP), relative abundance of main colors and shapes
The Project is co-founded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA)
*The SMP should be collected prior to the LMP samples **Recommendation: extend the protocol for meso-debris (5-25mm) using a 5mm sieve to separate debris from beach sediment. Preferably the sieves could be stacked together.
Sample collection SMP sampling* LMP sampling
Procedure Collect from the top 5cm
of sand using a metal spoon.
Collect from the top 5cm of sand using a metal
spoon.
End volume of sample max. 250ml Max. 5 l
Pass the sample through a 1 mm metal sieve.
Type of jar used (material)
Metal/glass/paper Metal/glass/paper
Fixation - -