and in Austria: how · 11/26/2009 1 Snow and Skiing in Austria: how to adapt to a warmer climate...

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11/26/2009 1 Snow and Skiing in Austria: how to adapt to a warmer climate Meinhard Breiling N 12 th 2009 Nov. 12 th , 2009 Winter Tourism Is the single most important economy in rural A ti Austria About 4% of Austrian GNP In certain provinces like Tyrol and Salzburg much higher Half of rural income during winter

Transcript of and in Austria: how · 11/26/2009 1 Snow and Skiing in Austria: how to adapt to a warmer climate...

Page 1: and in Austria: how · 11/26/2009 1 Snow and Skiing in Austria: how to adapt to a warmer climate Meinhard Breiling Nov. 12th, 2009 Winter Tourism • Is the single most important

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Snow and Skiing in Austria: how to adapt to a warmer climate

Meinhard BreilingN 12th 2009Nov. 12th, 2009

Winter Tourism

• Is the single most important economy in rural A t iAustria

• About 4% of Austrian GNP

– In certain provinces like Tyrol and Salzburg much higher

– Half of rural income during winterg

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Development of Winter Tourism

• Requires rich societies

• Enough income from tourists

• Austrian rural areas serve also countries like Germany or Netherlands for tourism

– About 35% domestic tourists

About 65% international tourists– About 65% international tourists

– “Rural” and “mountains” is also an export product in Austria

Rural

• Some 85% of all Austrian tourism is rural

A i l l i h i i

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Zell am See

Winterlandscape

• Winter and snow are important factors of lli l l dselling rural landscapes

• Higher value with appropriate activities

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Natural Hazards

• Increased with intensity of use

• Even dangerous areas become frequented

Winter in lower altitudes  and snow

• The skiing season is getting shorter

• Since 1980 major adaptation are in place

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Kitzbuehel

• Is one of the oldest and most famous resorts i A t iin Austria

• Is situated in comparatively low altitude

Apres‐ski

• Places like Kitzbuehel offer cozy atmosphere after skiingcozy atmosphere after skiing – Coffeehouses

– Drinking and dining 

– Amusement and nightlife 

– Shopping

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Museum

• Cultural highlights are provided

…….and a little bit of culture

Old churches and historic buildings

Give the place a flair

A f li f d ld ld d lA feeling of good old world and values

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New Wooden House 

• Successful winter tourism combines the best of both worlds

– Traditional styles of the pastof the past

– Modern facilities of comfortable life styles

The Ski World Cup

• Is in principle planned every year at the end ofIs in principle planned every year at the end of January, if it is not too warm

• This happened last time in 2007due to lack of snow

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The frequency of events is decisive

O f fi l f h• Out of five events at least four have to be realized (80%).

• So far eight events had to be cancelled due to lack of snow– This is still less than 20% but more than 10%

– Without adaptation and artificial snow

Just watching

• Is a good business

– Tickets are over20 Euro

– To see…

– ….and to be seen

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Heroes of past get a monument

• Kitzbuehel has winter tourism for more than 100 years

– First observed skiers in 1892

– Skiing association founded in 1902

– First international races 1930/31

– First cancelling of race due to lack of snow

– First world cup races 1966/67

– 1993 decision to entirely equip racing area with snow making facilities

– Adaptation not enough for seasons 2005 and 2007

The Change

• Previously, nature did most of the job for a good skiing experience• Today the local people have to help a lot if they want to remain• Today the local people have to help a lot if they want to remain 

successful

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Adaptation is required

• Several possibilities of adaptation

– Physical adaptations

– Technical adaptations

– Social adaptations

Map with skiarea: physical adaptation

• In case of Kitzbuehel the given altitude does not allow an escape in higher, colder parts of the area

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Physical Adaptation: adjust Gelaende

• Landscape has to be modified

– Large ski tracks are required

– To attract many people with less skills

– To allow machinery use

Social adaptation: Night skiing

• Can be connected with better conditions forbetter conditions for skiing, it is cooler during the night than day

• Light and other additionaladditional infrastructure is needed

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Social adaptation: winter tourism without skiing

• There do exist alternatives to snow based skiing– But only if this is not the regular case– people will no longer come in case skiing is over 

Partial Pleasure

• Generally in a resort there are patches of areas suitable and non suitable for skiing

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Sophisticated machinery

• Various types of machines

– Hardly known outside the skiing areas

– For specific problem situations

Without Hahnenkamm race just avera– So far eight times cancelled

– Without adaptation measures this would have happened more often

– Enormous losses for the resort

– Image as save ski‐resort has to be maintained

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Proportion skiers and ski area

– To find balance between skiers and ski areas

• Not easy to assess

• Climate dependent

• Market dependent

Skiing as activity

• Local component becomes less pronounced– Skiing becomes more expensiveSkiing becomes more expensive– There are more foreign skiers

• Teaching how to ski– Provided extra income opportunities for locals– Requires today international language skills

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Showbusiness is Snowbusiness in Kitzbuehel

• Without snow the economy stops

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