Ancient to Feudual Japan
-
Upload
elizabethgordon -
Category
Education
-
view
710 -
download
34
description
Transcript of Ancient to Feudual Japan
Honors World History
Japan日本
Geography of Japan
Archipelago: island chain4 main islands:
Label on your map
Geography of Japan
Very mountainous, only a small amount of land can be used for farming
Geography of Japan
Prone to earthquakes Seismic Hazard
Map
Geography of JapanTsunamisTyphoons
Map shows 150 years of tropical cyclones (through September 2006)
What observations can you make
about this map of tropical cyclone
activity?
0500 B.C.E.
500 C.E. 1000 C.E.
1500 C.E.
2000 C.E.
Wes
tern
izatio
n
Major Turning Points in Japanese History
-Yayoi Culture-
Agricultural, bronze, &
iron revolutions
-Jomon Culture-
Old Stone Age
Chinese Influential
Period:Writing,
technologies, philosophies
Lasted
8000 years Tomb
Period
-Nara-
-Heian-
Feudal
Japan
Edo Period(Japan’s
Isolation)
The name Jomon, refers to the “cord pattern”
pottery found from this time & the term Yayoi
refers to the area where its pottery was first
unearthed
Dogū
Small figurines from the Jomon period
Tens of thousands have be found all over Japan (not Okinawa)
Studying history starts with asking questions. Study the image of this Dogū.
What questions do you have?
• Is this a female deity?
• Why are the eyes slitted? Snow goggles?
• Was it part of a mystical medicine practice?
• Are they wearing spacesuits?
Shinto
Kami: gods/nature spirits These spirits live in natural objects
Sand, waterfalls, trees Animism:
Many Japanese clans trace their linage to a particular kami Shinto means “the way of the Kami” or “the way of the gods”
No scripture or doctrine People worship with rituals and prayers to please the kami
Ritual cleanliness Shamans: (male or female religious specialists) entered trances, directly
contact inner forces of nature in order to tell the future/heal
Yamato ClanAge of Great Tombs
Early Emperors acted as Shinto Priests
Yamato family came to power in the early 300s and held power ever since. Longest ruling royal family in the world Kami: Sun goddess; became chief deity Yamato family became living gods Japanese creation story is a blend of the
stories/kami/ genealogy of the early noble families
Early Yamato aristocratic society: uji (extended family clans) be (groups of specialists workers) Slaves Most peasants not part of social
hierarchy
Mukadezuka Tomb, Miyazaki Prefecture
Kaguraden (prayer hall)
The Great Shrine of the sun Goddess in Ise
Yamato Japan and Korea c. 500 C.E.
• Rebellions • Wars with “barbarian tribes”
from Kyushu and eastern Honshu
• Korean Influences: Confucianism
513 C.E.: Paekche sent a “scholar of the Five Classics”
Buddhism Paekche King sent a
Buddha image, sutras and maybe a priest to Yamato
Did not replace Shinto, merged with Japanese culture
Chinese Influential PeriodNara & Heian
Yamato court sent official embassies to Tang court, from 607 C.E.-839 C.E.
Traders, students, monks Art Science Government Fashion Education
Court education in Chinese From 700s- 1800s, most philosophical , legal documents,
histories, essays, and religious texts were written in Chinese
Kana developed during 9th century
680s C.E., Japanese Emperor Temmu modeled government after Tang Dynasty laws Centralized government and gave emperor more power Changed his title from “great king” to tennō “heavenly
emperor” 794 C.E. built capitol: Heian-kyo (Kyoto)
Chinese influence lessened Japanese poets emerged Lady Murasaki Shikibu wrote “Tale of Genji”
World’s first novel, 1010 C.E.
Capitol Moved to
Tokyo in 1869
Bentendo Hall, Kyoto
Scenes from The Tale of GenjiThe story of the life of Genji, the son of the emperor and his favorite concubine, Kiritsubo
Emperor/Court
Governor
District Magistrate
Landowners Landowners
District Magistrate
Landowners Landowners
Governor
District Magistrate
Landowners Landowners
District Magistrate
Landowners Landowners
TaxationCharge
additional ta
xes
and keep the
extras
Court Nobles and powerful temples used their influences to obtain tax exemptions
Half of the land would become tax-free, due to exemptions
Small landowners often commended their land to nobles, opting to be serfs on tax-free estates, than pay
taxes on their own land
Commend: Feudal Law. to place (oneself or one's land) under another's protection so as to become his tenant farmer
Feudal Japan
System of government brought from China declines
Centralized government: emperor & powerful families
Local governments: local landowners with warriors
800 C.E. 1000 C.E.
1200 C.E.
1400 C.E.
1600 C.E.
1800 C.E.
Fujiwara Minamoto AshikagaFamilies influencing
central government
In 1185, the emperor granted Minamoto
Yoritomo the title of Shogun [general]
- Shogun has power over military, finances and
laws
Ashikaga Takauji claims Shogunate for his own clan
(He was suppose to help
Emperor Go-Daigo regain
power)
Local Level
Landlords hold power Hire warriors, called samurai, for protection
Similar to European Knights
Local lords (daimyo: “great names”) and their samurai (“those who served”) were the most powerful people during the Ashikaga shogunate
Emperor
and his
court: 1%
of
population
Peasants:
90% of
population
Samurai
Did not pay taxesExpensive (armor, horses, weapons, training);
from well-to-do familiesMain function: local policeTraits of a samurai
Loyal to clan/lord Skilled swordsman
Swords had names Conduct a proper tea ceremony Write poetry Bushido: samurai code of behavior; “way of the warrior”
Bravery, loyality, honor Samurai would except physical hardships without complaint
and did not fear death Seppuku: ceremonial suicide (aka: hara-kiri)
Avoid dishonor that accompanied defeat or disobedience
Central Government
Emperor; had less power, but a stronger connection to the deities Portuguese explorers compared the emperor to the
PopeShoguns: Ruler of Japan; general
Pause on Japan…
THE
MONGOLS
!
Mongols
At its height, the Mongol army had 100,000 cavalry (mounted troops)
Advantages over foot soldiers Cover up to 100 miles a day Accurately fire arrows while
ridingGenghis Khan: “universal
ruler”, 1162-1227 Created an empire
Mongol Empire, c. 1294
Mongols vs. Japanese
1266: Kublai Khan demands Japan to submit to his rule
1274-1281Mongol Warlord Kublai
Khan tries to conquer Japan
Second invasion: sends 140,000 soldiers
Japanese build stone wall (Hakata Bay) and hold of Mongols for 2 months About 2.5 km
long
Mongols vs. Japanese
A powerful typhoon wrecks the fleet Kamikaze, “divine wind”
[Video]13th century Mongol
ship found near Nagasaki in 2011
Zen Buddhism
Introduced from Song China, c. 1100
Interested warriors Salvation through enlightenment,
not faith Similar to Daoism Develop discipline through
meditation
• Inspired art and culture• Landscape architecture: Zen
gardens• Tea ceremony: spiritual calm• Noh play: dance dramas
Ryoanji, Zen garden
Noh PlaysMasks worn by actors
Women in Japanese Society
Served as rulers, including Shogun and Empresses
WritersTrained in military artsStatus began to decline in the 14th and 15th
centuries Daughters no longer allowed to inherit
Questions
In what ways did China influence Japan?Which is the most important? Why?