Ancient Rome

Bellringer• Complete Geography Packet from last class

Agenda• Bellringer• Van diagram (may use book)• Founding of Rome Reading• Myth walk around

Objective • Describe Rome mythology and the early

influences on Roman Culture

Project introduction• Creating a Timeline and mini project – Timeline in a group – Mini project separate– Partners will be assigned• Summaries will be kept in your folders

• Timeline due day of Test. • Mini project due 3 class blocks later

Bellringer• Complete the map on the front of packet

Agenda• Bellringer• Project explanation• Notes• Newspaper article

Quick Reminder• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wA1D9wd

29jI&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

Beginnings of Rome• According to legend

the city was found by twin Brothers– Romulus and Remus

• Sons of Mars and a Latin princess

Early Settlers• Latins

– Farmers and shepherds who wondered into Italy

– Built Rome

• Greeks– Established colonies along the coast.– Brought Greek culture to the Italian

peninsula

• Etruscans– Native to northern Italy– Skilled metalworkers and engineers

Before the Republic• An Etruscan King ruled

Rome

• Last King of Rome was a tyrant– Roman aristocrats

overthrew him.

• Established a Republic

Vocabulary Word• Republic– Power rest with citizens who have the right to vote

to select their leaders

Patricians and Plebeians• Only free-born males could be citizens• Two group emerge– Patricians– Plebeians

Petricians Aristocratic landowners who

held most of the power

• Believed their ancestry gave them the authority to make laws

Plebeians common farmers, artisans and

merchants. Made up most of the population

• Were citizens of Rome

• Barred from holding most important government positions by law

Twelve tables• Plebeians forced the

creation of a written law code

• Laws carved on twelve tables

• Established the idea that all free citizens had the right to the protection of law

Government under the Republic

• Balanced the best ideas of government into one form– Monarchy– Aristocracy – Democracy

Consuls• Instead of Kings Rome had 2 Consuls – Commanded the army and directed the

government– Limited power-1yr terms. No more than 10 terms

Senate• Legislative and administration function• Membership for life• At first limited to the upper class

Assemblies• Democratic side of government• All citizens• Appointed consuls and made laws• Less power than the senate

Dictator• Only in times of crisis• Absolute power• Power lasted for six months• Chosen by consuls. Appointed by the senate

Citizenship• All citizens who

owned land were required to serve in the army

• Citizens paid taxes

Bellringer • Pull out vocabulary from last class and finish

• Turn in Newspaper article

Agenda• Bellringer-Finish vocabulary • Plebeians and Patricians • Notes on Punic Wars • Project Summaries in groups

THE RISE AND FALL OF THEROMAN REPUBLIC

Roman Influences Expand• The Republic in the 4th

Century B.C. begins to expand it’s power.

• Takes control of the Italian peninsula– Defeated the Etruscans

and the Greek city states

Conquered Groups • Conquered people became allies of Rome• Had to send men to the Roman military • Could not become allied with anyone else

The Punic Wars

Background to the Punic Wars

• Rome located in a good location for trade with the Mediterranean sea

• Carthage was another dominate trading center

The Punic Wars• Fought each other to gain control • Made up of 3 wars

1st Punic War• Rome and Carthage fought for control of Sicily • Rome Won

2nd Punic War• Carthegian general

Hannibal led his forces over the Alps into Italy from Africa

• Romans prevent Hannibal from invading Rome.

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BZrjXEomBXM&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

3rd Punic War • Roman general Scipio attacked Carthage• Forced Hannibal back to Carthage• Roman forces destroyed the city of Carthage

Results• Rome Controlled the Mediterranean Sea• Rome expanded it’s territory • Controlled Macedonia, Greece and Anatolia

Bellringer•Get ready to take vocabulary quiz!

Agenda• Quiz• Review of Unit so far • Notes• Activity • Working on Projects

Causes and Decline of the

Roman Republic

Rome after the Punic Wars• Large gap between rich and poor• Small Farms could not complete with large

estates ran by wealthy landowners• Estates worked by slaves

Civil War• Many soldiers and farmers became jobless• Unemployed went to cities for work• Tensions led to civil war• Powerful generals recruited soldiers by

promising land.

Julius Caesar• Julius Caesar a strong and successful general • Joined forces with

– Crassus-wealthy roman

– Pompey-popular general

First Triumvirate• Elected Consul

• With Crassus and Pompey , Julius Caesar dominated Rome as a Triumvirate

• Group of three rulers

Julius Caesar• After being a Consul Julius Caesar was

appointed governor of Gaul (France)• Conquered all of Gaul – Success in Gaul won him popularity in Rome

Julius Caesar• Pompey became his

political rival after conquering Gaul– Ordered Caesar to return

home• Defied the Senate’s order– Caesar took his army to

Italy

Julius Caesar• Caesar marched towards

Rome – Pompley Fled– Caesar defeated Pompley

armies in Greece, Asia, Spain and Egypt

• Returned to Rome in 46B.C. and named Dictator for life

Julius Caesar • Pushed through new

reforms

• Nobles became unhappy with his power– Thought he was a tyrant

• In 44 B.C. stabbed to Death in the Senate

After Caesar’s Death• Civil War broke out• Three of Caesar supporters banded together

– Augustus-Caesar’s nephew/adopted son

– Mark Anthony- general

• Lepidus-wealthy politician

Second Triumvirate• Augustus, Mark

Anthony and Lepidus formed the Second Triumvirate

• Ended in Jealousy and violence

Second Triumvirate• Augustus forced Lepidus to retire• Augustus and Mark Anthony became rivals• Mark Anthony fell in love with Queen Cleopatra– Moved to Egypt

• Augustus defeated Mary Anthony in a Naval Battle

Augustus Caesar becomes Emperor

• From the beginning of Augustus rule, Rome experienced peace and prosperity– Called the Pax Romoma– Lasted for 207 years

PAX ROMANA

Economic impact

• Creation of a common coinage-Denarius– Helped when trading with different parts of the

Empire• Roads connecting the empire together– Guaranteed safe travel

Political Impact• Augustus sets up a civil service– Paid workers to manage the Government• Tax collectors , postal system

• Augustus system proved stable through ever changing emperors

Social Impact • Increased emphasis on the Family– Eldest man ruled the household

• Social Classes– Big difference between rich and poor

THE EMPIRE

Expansion of the Roman Empire

• 2nd century A.D. the Empire reached from Spain to Mesopotamia to north Africa to Britain

Roman Army • Army took men from each province– Not all roman citizens– Learned Roman customs– Became citizens after serving in army

Succession of Emperors• No written law on selection of new emperors– Rome in the Brick of civil war almost every time an

emperor died• Eventually the dying Emperor would name his

successor