Ancient Egypt
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Transcript of Ancient Egypt
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Ancient Egypt
NOTES 2
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Review
• Geography– ___________ – very rich soil
• Daily Life– Most people were __________,___________, or
___________ – Writing system– Wrote on tomb walls and papyrus rolls using
____________– __________ Stone was the key to _____hieroglyphics
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Religion
• Egyptians were ___________• Each god or goddess were known for their
own specialties– There are as many as _______gods and goddess's
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Religion• Sun gods– Ra • _____ _________
– ______________• New Kingdom
• Land gods (__________)– _________– __________• Middle Kingdom
MORE
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Religion
• When you died, you were ____________– Early ancient Egyptians would bury their dead in
sand pits, ____________________from the natural dehydration
– Started to _____________________to protect from wild animals, but bodies would decay• Thus creating the process of mummification
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Government
• The _________ was the most important person in Ancient Egypt– __________ and
__________leader of Egypt
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Government• As 'Lord of the Two Lands‘
(______ and _______Egypt) the pharaoh owned all of the land, made laws, collected taxes, and defended Egypt against foreigners.
• As ____________of Every Temple', the pharaoh represented the gods on Earth. He performed rituals and built temples to honor the gods.
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Old Kingdom• 2650-2150 BC (Collapsed due to famine and lost of government confidence)
• _______________– Preserve bodies for the afterlife
• Pharaohs– Divine selection– ________ (3rd) ________, ________ & ________ (4th)
• First pyramids constructed– Step pyramids of Saqqara– Great pyramid of _______
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Middle Kingdom
• 2040-1640 BC• 11th Dynasty- 14th Dynasty• Rule extended from ________ to __________• Considered the “Golden Age”• ____________ II ruled from Thebes in Upper
Egypt.• Hyksos move the __________ to the Nile Delta• Introduction of ____________
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New Kingdom• 1540-1070 BC• __________ Leader• _________- first ______ ruler in history• Akhenaten- first _____________• ___________- tomb discovered in 1922• __________- the mightiest and most __________
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Greco-Roman Period
• Assyrian ruled from 664-653 BC• Nectanebo II- last Egyptian king• Alexander inherits the throne and founded Alexandria• General Ptolemy – Welcomed immigrants– Encouraged Greek-speaking aristocracy– Built the first lighthouse– Embraced the culture of brother-sister marriage– Opened the cities up to become more Hellenistic
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Egyptian Culture Weakened
• Cleopatra ruled 51-30 BC– Lived with eastern Roman ruler Mark Anthony– Overtaken by western Roman ruler, Octavian
(nephew of Julius Caesar)
• 27 BC- Octavian took the title of Augustus and became first Roman Emperor