ANCIENT CHINAWorld History

Chapter 3, Section 3Early Civilizations

Chapter 4, Section 4Philosophy & Religion

Chapter 4, Section 5Empires

Adv. World History

Chapter 3, Section 3Early Chinese Civilizations

Chapter 3, Section 4 Rise & Fall of Chinese

EmpiresYellow River

Yangtze River

GeographySHANG DYNASTY

1750 to 1122 B.C.

ZHOU (JOE)DYNASTY

1122 - 256 B.C.

SHANG DYNASTY1750 to 1122 B.C.

What do these mean to you?

How do you they make you feel?

What role do you play in making rituals work?

SELF EFFICIACY

JP #4

GOV’T & SOCIAL STRUCTURE

King

Nobles

Artisans and Merchants

Peasants

Slaves

ritual sacrifice @ death

where are YOU on this

diagram? where are your

classmates?your relatives?

JP #4

WHAT IS YOUR UNIQUE POTENTIAL?

Consider where you are on the social structure...

Do you want to be there? Why or why not?

Where do you want to be? WHY?

JP #4

ZHOU (JOE)DYNASTY1122 - 256 B.C.

MANDATE OF HEAVEN

a good dynasty holds the Mandate

a bad dynasty loses it

“right to rule”

king must rule according to the DAO

What kinds of events would cause the king to lose the Mandate of Heaven and be overthrown?

a new dynasty establishes power with a Mandate of Heaven

DYNASTIC CYCLE

the dynasty collapses

central gov’t begins to collapse;

rebellions and invasions begin

dynasty rules successfully for

many years, then begins to decline

fortune telling

BRONZE

50 million people!

SILKFARMING

ORACLE BONES

The Chinese concept of filial piety says that grown children have an obligation to take care of their

elderly parents at the expense of their own needs

What important Western concepts seem to conflict with this idea of filial piety?

JP #4

SELF CONCEPT

What are your own views?

Would you be willing to do this in your life?

(Consider the importance of family in your own life. All of you come from very different backgrounds which influence who you are and

your values (self-concept). JP #4

ANCESTOR VENERATION

Did death sever familial ties for the Chinese?

Qingming - 清明節“Clear & Bright”

Why would rituals and festivals be important to Chinese families?

Do you have any family traditions? If so, explain what they are and how they

evolved.

JOURNAL PROMPT #4

Please continue your reflection on some of the questions we have discussed in class. Please refer to your China presentation slides that are labeled JP#4.

A few questions to consider:

! America’s creed is “the pursuit of happiness,” but to what extent are Americans actually encouraged to pursue what makes them happy? Please explain.

! In what way(s) are you living or do you plan to live within a system that is inherently flawed?

! Why are the Danes so happy and can that be achieved in America? Why or why not?

! What is your purpose in life? Are you happy with where you stand on the "social structure" diagram?

! What do you think the "social structure" diagram should actually measure? Explain. (For instance, in one class we discussed "personality" as a way to measure where one falls on the diagram. Meaning that those who were genuinely good, caring, loving, etc. would be considered "King" and so forth down the scale.)

RITUAL & BURIAL

tomb guards

close up of tomb guards

tomb relics

WARRING STATES PERIOD

ramifications? Three philosophies evolved which would

have a great impact on Chinese history and

government

collapse of Zhou

WHY?

1. rulers became corrupt

2. civil war broke out

3. nobles fought one another for control

403 B.C. to 221 B.C.

CHINESE PHILOSOPHIES

As we review these philosophies:

- compare the central ideas/principals to your own beliefs (self concept)

- ... to those in your family and/or community

- what can you do to help others? (Using your beliefs)

(purpose / meaning in life).

“If the people be led by laws, and uniformity be imposed on them by

punishments, they will try to avoid the punishment, but will have no sense of

shame.

If they be led by virtue, and uniformity be provided for them by the rules of propriety, they will have the sense of

shame, and will become good.”

Confucianism

The Chinese Classics, James Legge, 1893

“a reforming conservative”

“Let the ruler be filial (dutiful, devoted) and kind to all people; then they will

be faithful to him.

Let him advance the good and teach the incompetent; then they will eagerly

seek to be virtuous.”

CONFUCIUS

The Chinese Classics, James Legge, 1893

what was it based on?

CONFUCIUS

individual morality and ethics, and the proper exercise of political power by the rulers.

Analects

political and ethical

Philosophy

1. put needs below those of family and community

2. be kind and demonstrate empathy3. gov’t service given on intelligence, talent, & virtuous character

followed by students who listened to his

speeches

BELIEFS

Li: includes ritual, propriety, etiquette, etc.

Hsiao: love within the family: love of parents for their children and of children for their parents

Yi: righteousness

Xin: honesty and trustworthiness

Jen: benevolence, humaneness towards others; the highest Confucian virtue

Chung: loyalty to the state, etc.

FIVE CONSTANT RELATIONSHIPS

1. Parent & Child

2. Husband & Wife

3. Older Siblings & Younger Siblings

4. Older Friend & Younger Friend

5. Ruler and Subject

CIVIL SERVICE EXAMINATION

This is a reference book that was used for preparing for the civil service examinations. The small size of the imprint made it convenient for traveling and sometimes was snuck into the examination hall by less scrupulous examinees, evidently for

cheating. Since it was a book prepared when the demand appeared, very few have survived, making this quite

precious.http://www.npm.gov.tw/exh95/grandview/books/account_3_en.html - National

Palace Museum

based entirely on Confucianism

memorize Analects…

students from all backgrounds

make or break family

TAOISM (DAOISM)

“refers to a power which envelops, surrounds and flows through all things, living and non-

living.

The Tao regulates natural processes and nourishes balance in the Universe. It

embodies the harmony of opposites

(i.e. there would be no love without hate, no

light without dark, no male without female.)”

founded by.... Lazoi

Tao Te Ching

Philosophy1. follow the Dao (Way) by inaction - not action

2. natural way of life

let’s analyze some poetry!

LET’S DO THIS AS A CLASS...

Better stop short than fill to the rim.Oversharpen the blade, and the edge will soon blunt.Amass a store of gold and jade, and no one can protect it.Claim wealth and titles, and disaster will follow.Retire when the work is done.This is the way of heaven.

Now let’s look at some more Tao Te Ching...

Primary Source Analysis

- Identify the source: Who created the document? When? Where?

- Explore the source: What information and opinion does the document provide for us?

- Analyze the source: What was the purpose of the document? Who was the intended audience and what kind of impact did it have on the people who read it?

- Personalize the source: How do you feel about the document? What kind of insight does it give you into the time period/ author/ civilization?

Tao Te Ching

CONQUERING THE SELF

We have discussed at length about how water illustrates the Taoist concept of inaction as action. In understanding how humans illustrates this concept, we analyzed the following lines in the Tao:

Conquering others is powerConquering the self is strength

Conquering the self, though it doesn’t require more power, does require much more discipline and strength than simply conquering another. In conquering oneself, one is employing the concept of inaction as action. (Through inaction, you are accomplishing much more and influencing much more than simply physically conquering others.)

Conquering the self is di!erent for each individual. For some, it may be overcoming a livelong fear. For others, it may be overcoming a serious pressure situation. For others, it is conquering the feeling of inadequacy, and struggling to overcome the feelings of failing in life.

What is your idea of conquering the self?

What did Hanfeizi believe about humans?

Hanfeizi

guide for rulers

Philosophy1. humans are evil

2. social order only achieved by a strong ruler and harsh laws

3. people will only be obedient through fear

so... does this guy like Confucianism?

LEGALISM

THREE PRONG FOCUS

Fa - 法 law is more important than individuals law is the ultimate authority there could be no leniency

Shi - 勢 ruler derives authority from his position personal qualities unimportant benevolence is useless (because it leads to chaos)

Shu - 術 the ruler must follow the fa and shi if he does, then he will be successful

Is human nature basically good or evil?

THE QIN DYNASTY (CH’IN)

oh wait... the word “China” looks similar....

221 B.C. - 207 B.C

first unification of China into single countryQIN SHIHUANGHI

“shi yung di”

raised by a Legalist scholar... ?

totalitarian1. censorate spied on other branches2. land owning aristocrats replaced with regional administrators

what were the other branches?

THE GREAT WALL

why do people want to build walls, even if they are ineffective?

What was the purpose?

Who built it?

VIDEO: BEHIND THE GREAT WALL (QIN DYNASTY)

Besides building a wall, how else might one illustrate their power?

Why did China build walls? (Not just the Great Wall)

What changes did Emperor Qin make to the dynasty?

How was the Great Wall built?

How did Qin’s power affect the lives of his people?

Questions to Consider as you watch:

CULTURAL SUPPRESSION

- burned books and killed philosophers

- suppress other philosophies

Why go to all the trouble?

TOMB OF THE QIN

700,000 men

~7,500 terracotta

statues

built during Shihuangdi’s lifetime

120 x 6,700 x 3,100

http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0402/feature1/index.html

(202 B.C. — A.D. 220) PRIMARY SOURCE READINGA Chinese Woman Among the Barbarians

After reading and taking notes on the poem, please answer the following questions:

Based on Tsai Yen’s verses, describe Tatar life.

What aspects of Tatar life does Tsai Yen find intolerable from the Chinese point of view?

Why does Tsai Yen have ambiguous feelings about retunring to Hand China?

CONFUCIAN GOV’T

therefore???

Lui Bang

CIVIL SERVICE EXAMINATION

This is a reference book that was used for preparing for the civil service examinations. The small size of the imprint made it convenient for traveling and sometimes was snuck into the examination hall by less scrupulous examinees, evidently for

cheating. Since it was a book prepared when the demand appeared, very few have survived, making this quite

precious.http://www.npm.gov.tw/exh95/grandview/books/account_3_en.html - National

Palace Museum

based entirely on Confucianism

memorize Analects…

students from all backgrounds

make or break family

PEASANTS

military service & hard labor

free farmers

tenant farmers

1 acre of land

TECHNOLOGY ADVANCEMENTS

Textile manufacturing

water mils

Iron casting

Invention of steel

Rudder & aft (rear) rigging -- led to ships and expanded trade

PAPER!

Confucian texts printed into book form

Historical changes often follow technological changes.

What modern technological changes have had an impact

on history?

VIDEO 2: STORY OF THE SILK ROAD (HAN DYNASTY)

What are some differences between the Qin and the Han dynasty?

What is a monopoly? Who had a monopoly on what?

What goods were traded along the silk road?

What ideas were spread along the silk road?

Why was Buddhism so accepted in China?

Questions to Consider as you watch: