anatomy phyisiology study guide

8/14/2019 anatomy phyisiology study guide

1/27

Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology, 5e(Martini/Nath)

Chapter 1 An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

Multiple-Choice Questions

1) Characteristics of most living organisms include the ability toA) grow and reproduce.

B) respond and adapt to their environment.

C) control the eternal environment.!) A and B only

") all of the above

Answer# !

!iff# 1$earning %utcome# 1-1

&'ill $evel# 1 (eviewing acts and *erms

+) ,nicellular organisms echange gas eliminate wastes and absorb nutrientsA) directly through their cell membranes.

B) after some other organism processes them.C) with their comple organ systems.

!) the same way as humans.

") all of the aboveAnswer# A

!iff# 1

$earning %utcome# 1-1


) *he waste products of metabolism are eliminated through the process ofA) assimilation.B) absorption.

C) ecretion.

!) digestion.") resorption.

Answer# C

!iff# 1

$earning %utcome# 1-1&'ill $evel# 1 (eviewing acts and *erms

1Copyright / +010 earson "ducation 2nc.


2/27

3) All of the chemical and physical changes ta'ing place in the body refers to

A) systemic physiology.

B) special physiology.C) cell physiology.

!) metabolism.

") physiological chemistry.Answer# !

!iff# 1

$earning %utcome# 1-1&'ill $evel# + (eviewing Concepts

4) *he study of the first few wee's of life includesA) cytology.

B) histology.

C) embryology.!) physiology.

") medical anatomy.

Answer# C!iff# 1

$earning %utcome# 1-+


5) &tudying anatomy by focusing on one region of the body and focusing on everything in that

region is called

A) gross anatomy.B) surface anatomy.

C) systemic anatomy.

!) regional anatomy.") surgical anatomy.

Answer# A

!iff# 1$earning %utcome# 1-+


6) *he study of structures using special imaging techni7ues isA) surface anatomy.

B) regional anatomy.

C) surgical anatomy.!) medical anatomy.

") radiographic anatomy.

Answer# "!iff# 1



+Copyright / +010 earson "ducation 2nc.


3/27

8) *he study of function is to 99999999 as the study of form is to anatomy.

A) physiology

B) regional anatomyC) microscopic anatomy

!) systemic anatomy

") radiographic anatomyAnswer# A

!iff# 1

$earning %utcome# 1-+&'ill $evel# 1 (eviewing acts and *erms

:) *he study of cells and cellular structures is calledA) gross anatomy.

B) cytology.

C) histology.!) organology.

") microbiology.

Answer# B!iff# 1



10) 2n dealing with physiologyfunctionis related to

A) form.

B) location.C) si;e.

!) cavity.

") system.Answer# A

!iff# 1

$earning %utcome# 1-+&'ill $evel# 1 (eviewing acts and *erms

11) A gastroenterologist studies the human body mainly with an approach resembling

A) gross anatomy.B) surface anatomy.

C) microscopic anatomy.

!) systemic anatomy.") regional anatomy.

Answer# !

!iff# +$earning %utcome# 1-+

&'ill $evel# Critical *hin'ing < Clinical Applications

Copyright / +010 earson "ducation 2nc.


4/27

1+) *he branch of physiology that studies functions at the tissue level is called

A) histophysiology.

B) special physiology.C) system physiology.

!) pathology.

") physiological chemistry.Answer# A

!iff# +

$earning %utcome# 1-+&'ill $evel# Critical *hin'ing < Clinical Applications

1) =hich of the following is an organ>A) blood

B) heart

C) peritoneum!) connective tissue

") mitochondrion

Answer# B!iff# 1

$earning %utcome# 1-


13) A collection of cells that wor' together designates a?n)

A) chemical.

B) organ.C) tissue.

!) organ system.

") none of the aboveAnswer# C

!iff# 1

$earning %utcome# 1-&'ill $evel# 1 (eviewing acts and *erms

14) *he following is the simplest level of organi;ation#

A) cellular.B) chemical.

C) tissue.

!) system.") organ.

Answer# B

!iff# 1$earning %utcome# 1-




5/27

15) =hich of the following would be considered an organ>

A) mitochondrion

B) bloodC) fat

!) s'in

") heart muscleAnswer# !

!iff# 1

$earning %utcome# 1-&'ill $evel# 1 (eviewing acts and *erms

16) Cells are considered the smallest units of life becauseA) cells are composed of organelles each of which is responsible for a particular life-giving

function.

B) cells are composed of atoms which chemically are the smallest units of structure.C) cells are composed of molecules which chemically are the smallest units of structure.

!) the cell is @%* considered the smallest unit of life.

") both A and CAnswer# A

!iff# 1



18) *he fact that a single defective protein causes cystic fibrosis a multisystemic illness proves

thatA) all organisms are composed of cells.

B) all levels of organi;ation within an organism are interdependent.

C) chemical molecules ma'e up cells.!) all cells are independent of each other.

") congenital defects can be life threatening.

Answer# B!iff# +



1:) Covering protection from infection thermoregulation and hormone production are

functions of which system>

A) integumentaryB) muscular

C) s'eletal

!) nervous") none of the above

Answer# A

!iff# 1




6/27

+0) *he production of another human organism is the function of which of the following

systems>

A) s'eletalB) reproductive

C) respiratory

!) lymphoid") cardiovascular

Answer# B



+1) (egulation of the body using rapid changes caused by electrical signals is characteristic of

the

A) integumentary system.B) endocrine system.

C) nervous system.

!) cardiovascular system.") none of the above

Answer# C

!iff# 1


++) *he trachea and lungs are components of theA) endocrine system.

B) digestive system.

C) respiratory system.!) urinary system.

") lymphoid system.

Answer# C!iff# 1



+) *he pituitary and thyroid glands are components of the

A) endocrine system.

B) cardiovascular system.C) respiratory system.

!) lymphoid system.

") digestive system.Answer# A

!iff# 1





7/27

+3) as echange is a function of the

A) cardiovascular system.

B) lymphoid system.C) respiratory system.

!) urinary system.

") both A and !Answer# C

!iff# +


+4) $ungs are to the respiratory system as the spleen is to theA) lymphoid system.

B) urinary system.

C) digestive system.!) cardiovascular system.

") muscular system.

Answer# A!iff# +


&'ill $evel# + (eviewing Concepts

+5) ormones glands and target cells are associated with the

A) s'eletal system.

B) muscular system.C) integumentary system.

!) endocrine system.

") all of the aboveAnswer# "

!iff# +


+6) =hich of the following is characteristic of the endocrine system>

A) releases chemical messengers called neurotransmittersB) produces a more rapid response to body changes than the nervous system

C) can produce effects that last for days or longer

!) can produce an effect that involves only one tissue at a time") is an important thermoregulatory system

Answer# C

!iff# +$earning %utcome# 1-3




8/27

+8) =hich of the following are parts of a homeostatic mechanism>

A) receptor

B) control centerC) effector

!) all of the above

") none of the aboveAnswer# !

!iff# 1


+:) 2magine someone is cold and responds by putting on more clothes. *his regulationmechanism is an eample of

A) negative feedbac'.

B) positive feedbac'.C) homeostatic regulation.

!) diagnostic regulation.

") a behavioral change and is not related to the internal environment.Answer# "

!iff# +



0) *he prevention of change and the shutdown of an overactive organ are eamples of

A) positive feedbac'.B) homeostasis.

C) negative feedbac'.

!) effector control.") none of the above

Answer# C



1) *he increasingly forceful labor contractions that lead to childbirth are an eample of thistype of mechanism#

A) receptor activation.

B) effector shutdown.C) negative feedbac'.

!) positive feedbac'.

") none of the aboveAnswer# !

!iff# 1





9/27

+) =hich of the following is an eample of negative feedbac'>

A) 2ncreased pressure in the aorta triggers mechanisms to lower blood pressure.

B) A rise in blood calcium levels triggers the release of a hormone that further raises bloodcalcium levels.

C) A rise in estrogen during the menstrual cycle increases the number of progesterone receptors

in the uterus.!) 2ncreased blood sugar stimulates the release of a hormone from the pancreas that stimulates

the liver to release blood sugar.

") A increase in body temperature triggers a neural response that initiates physiological changesto increase body temperature.

Answer# A

!iff# +


) A person who is lying on his or her stomach is said to be in the

A) supine position.

B) prone position.C) anatomical position.

!) frontal position.

") sagittal position.

Answer# B!iff# 1



3) =hich indicates the bac' of the body>

A) anteriorB) posterior

C) dorsal

!) ventral") both B and C

Answer# "

!iff# 1


4) =hich of the following is M"!2A$ to the breast>A) sternum

B) shoulder

C) elbow!) digits

") 'nee

Answer# A



:Copyright / +010 earson "ducation 2nc.


10/27

5) *he wrist is considered 99999999 to the elbow.

A) proimal

B) distalC) lateral

!) medial

") none of the aboveAnswer# B

!iff# 1


6) *he navel is 99999999 to the chin.A) anterior

B) superior

C) posterior!) inferior

") medial

Answer# !!iff# 1



8) =hich of the following regions corresponds to the groin>

A) pelvic

B) cephalicC) gluteal

!) lumbar

") thoracicAnswer# A

!iff# 1


:) 2n the terminology of planes and sections which eample includes two terms with identical

meanings>A) frontalcoronal

B) coronalhori;ontal

C) e7uatorialcoronal!) sagittalmidsagittal

") none of the above

Answer# A!iff# 1





11/27

30) =hich of the following regions corresponds to the foot>

A) cervical

B) brachialC) antebrachial

!) femoral

") pedalAnswer# "

!iff# 1


31) *his portion of the body contains the upper and lower limbs.A) appendicular

B) thoracic

C) aial!) dorsal

") ventral

Answer# A!iff# 1



3+) (eferring to the bac' means

A) aial.

B) appendicular.C) ventral.

!) dorsal.

") thoracic.Answer# !

!iff# 1


3) Anterior is to 99999999 as posterior is to dorsal.

A) cranialB) ventral

C) caudal

!) inferior") medial

Answer# B





12/27

33) %rgans that are protected by bone are found in what part of the body>

A) aial

B) appendicularC) ventral cavity

!) superficial regions

") inferior portionsAnswer# A

!iff# 1


34) A cut passing through the midline of the body that divides it into ,@"Q,A$ left and righthalves is 'nown as this type of plane#

A) frontal.

B) coronal.C) transverse.

!) midsagittal.

") parasagittal.Answer# "

!iff# 1



35) *he heart lungs and small intestine would be found in the

A) dorsal body cavity.B) peritoneal cavity.

C) pleural cavity.

!) ventral body cavity.") abdominopelvic cavity.

Answer# !



36) *he diaphragm separates the 99999999 cavity from the 99999999 cavity.A) pleuralD mediastinum

B) thoracicD abdominopelvic

C) pericardialD pleural!) abdominalD pelvic

") pericardial sacD pericardial

Answer# B!iff# 1



1+Copyright / +010 earson "ducation 2nc.


13/27

38) *he heart is surrounded by the 99999999 membrane.

A) pericardial

B) peritonealC) visceral

!) serous

") pleuralAnswer# A

!iff# 1


3:) *he membrane covering the surface of the stomach is named theA) parietal pleura.

B) visceral pleura.

C) pericardial sac.!) visceral peritoneum.

") serous membrane.

Answer# !!iff# 1



40) *he membrane covering the surface of the lung is referred to as the

A) visceral pleura.

B) parietal peritoneum.C) visceral pericardium.

!) serous membrane.

") mediastinum.Answer# A

!iff# 1


41) *he main function of a serous membrane is to

A) reduce friction.B) protect organs.

C) allow blood to pass.

!) hold organs together.") fill empty spaces.

Answer# A





14/27

4+) *he peritoneal cavity contains the

A) heart.

B) small intestine.C) lungs.

!) uterus.

") thymus.Answer# B

!iff# 1


4) Mary who is 5 months pregnant goes to her physician for a test to chec' the development ofher fetus. *he physician uses a device that employs sound waves to produce an image of the

fetus. *his techni7ue is 'nown as

A) an E-ray.B) a C* scan.

C) an M(2.

!) an ultrasound.") radiography.

Answer# !

!iff# +


43) A diagnostic techni7ue that employs a radiodense dye inFected into blood vessels is calleda?n)

A) angiogram.

B) radiograph.C) C* scan.

!) M(2.

") ultrasound.Answer# A

!iff# +



44) *he ventral body cavity contains the

A) abdominal cavity.B) pericardial cavity.

C) pelvic cavity.

!) pleural cavity.") all of the above

Answer# "

!iff# 1




15/27

45) *he mediastinum separates 99999999 from the 99999999.

A) the pleural cavityD coelom

B) the thoracic cavityD peritoneal cavityC) one pleural cavityD other pleural cavity

!) the abdominal cavityD pelvic cavity

") the pericardial sacD pericardial cavityAnswer# C

!iff# 1


ill in the Blan' Questions

1) *he study of body structure is called 9999999999999999999999999.

Answer# anatomy!iff# +



+) *he branch of biological science that deals with how the 'idney functions is called

9999999999999999999999999 physiology.

Answer# renal!iff# +



) A structure that senses change is called a 9999999999999999999999999.

Answer# receptor!iff# 1



3) *he tendency for physiological systems to stabili;e internal conditions with respect to the

eternal environment is called 9999999999999999999999999.

Answer# homeostasis!iff# 1



4) 2n 9999999999999999999999999 feedbac' the initial stimulus produces a response that

reinforces the stimulus.Answer# positive

!iff# 1





16/27

5) A mechanism that brings the internal environment bac' to normal is a

9999999999999999999999999 mechanism.

Answer# negative feedbac'!iff# 1



6) A person lying face up in the anatomical position is said to be in the

9999999999999999999999999 position.Answer# supine

!iff# 1



8) *he forearm is called the 9999999999999999999999999.Answer# antebrachium

!iff# 1


:) *he term 9999999999999999999999999 refers to the bac' of the 'nee.

Answer# popliteal!iff# 1



10) *he term 9999999999999999999999999 refers to the wrist.

Answer# carpal!iff# 1



11) A cut parallel to the midsagittal line would produce a 9999999999999999999999999 section.

Answer# parasagittal or sagittal



1+) ,sing anatomical terms of direction supply the word that would ma'e the sentence correct.

*he stomach is 9999999999999999999999999 to the lungs.

Answer# inferior!iff# 1





17/27

1) ,sing anatomical terms of direction supply the word that would ma'e the sentence correct.

*he 'nee is 9999999999999999999999999 to the foot.

Answer# proimal!iff# 1



Matching Questions

1) Match the item in the first column with its primary function in the second column.

99999 1. atom A. group of cells

99999 +. cell B. smallest level of organi;ation

99999 . lungs C. organ system99999 3. heart and blood vessels !. organ

99999 4. tissue ". individual living entity

Answer# 1-B +-" -! 3-C 4-A

!iff# +$earning %utcome# 1-


+) Match the organ system in the first column with its primary function in the second column.

99999 1. integumentary system A. defense against infection99999 +. muscular system B. protection from environment

99999 . endocrine system C. processing of food

99999 3. cardiovascular system !. internal transport of materials99999 4. respiratory system ". elimination of ecess water

99999 5. urinary system . production of se cells

99999 6. reproductive system . support and protection99999 8. s'eletal system . delivery of air for gas echange

99999 :. nervous system 2. locomotion and heat production

99999 10. lymphoid system G. directing responses to stimuli99999 11. digestive system H. directing long-term changes

Answer# 1-B +-2 -H 3-! 4- 5-" 6- 8- :-G 10-A 11-C

!iff# +


) Match the organ system in the first column with the structure?s) found within that system inthe second column.

99999 1. endocrine system A. arteries

99999 +. urinary system B. liver99999 . digestive system C. pituitary gland

99999 3. s'eletal system !. ligaments

99999 4. circulatory system ". urethra

Answer# 1-C +-" -B 3-! 4-A!iff# +


&'ill $evel# + (eviewing Concepts16

Copyright / +010 earson "ducation 2nc.


18/27

3) Match the body region in the first column with the organ near it in the second column.

99999 1. cranial A. liver99999 +. vertebral B. brain

99999 . mammary C. urinary bladder

99999 3. abdominal !. lungs99999 4. pelvic ". spinal cord

Answer# 1-B +-" -! 3-A 4-C



4) Match the body regions in the first column with the locations in the second column.99999 1. popliteal A. front of elbow

99999 +. dorsal B. fingers or toes

99999 . orbital C. bac' of 'nee

99999 3. antecubital !. midline of bac'99999 4. digital ". eye

Answer# 1-C +-! -" 3-A 4-B!iff# +



"ssay Questions

1) 2t is a warm day and you feel a little chilled. %n chec'ing your temperature you find that your

body temperature is 1.4 degrees below normal. &uggest some possible reasons for this situation.

Answer# *here are several reasons why your body temperature may have dropped. Iour bodymay be losing heat faster than it is being produced. *his however is more li'ely to occur on a

cool day. Jarious chemical factors such as hormones may have caused a decrease in your

metabolic rate and thus your body is not producing as much heat as it normally would.Alternatively you may be suffering from an infection that has temporarily changed the set point

of the bodyKs Lthermostat.L *his would seem to be the most li'ely eplanation considering the

circumstances given in the 7uestion.





19/27

$abeling "ercises

1:Copyright / +010 earson "ducation 2nc.


20/27

Using the figure above, identify the labeled part.

1) $abel A# 99999999Answer# Cephalon or head ?cephalic)

!iff# 1


+) $abel B# 99999999

Answer# Cranium or s'ull ?cranial)

!iff# 1


) $abel C# 99999999Answer# acies or face ?facial)

!iff# 1


3) $abel !# 99999999

Answer# %ris or mouth ?oral)!iff# 1



4) $abel "# 99999999

Answer# Mentis or chin ?mental)!iff# 1



5) $abel # 99999999

Answer# Ailla or armpit ?aillary)



6) $abel # 99999999

Answer# Brachium or arm ?brachial)



+0Copyright / +010 earson "ducation 2nc.


21/27

8) $abel # 99999999

Answer# Antecubitis or front of elbow ?antecubital)



:) $abel 2# 99999999

Answer# Antebrachium or forearm ?antebrachial)



10) $abel G# 99999999

Answer# Carpus or wrist ?carpal)



11) $abel H# 99999999

Answer# alma or palm ?palmar)

!iff# 1


1+) $abel $# 99999999Answer# olle or thumb

!iff# 1


1) $abel M# 99999999Answer# !igits ?phalanges) or fingers ?digital or phalangeal)

!iff# 1



13) $abel @# 99999999

Answer# atella or 'neecap ?patellar)!iff# 1



14) $abel %# 99999999

Answer# Crus or leg ?crural)





22/27

15) $abel # 99999999

Answer# *arsus or an'le ?tarsal)



16) $abel Q# 99999999

Answer# !igits ?phalanges) or toes ?digital or phalangeal)



18) $abel (# 99999999Answer# allu or great toe

!iff# 1



1:) $abel 99999999

Answer# es or foot ?pedal)

!iff# 1


+0) $abel *# 99999999Answer# emur or thigh ?femoral)

!iff# 1


+1) $abel ,# 99999999Answer# ubis ?pubic)

!iff# 1



++) $abel J# 99999999

Answer# 2nguen or groin ?inguinal)!iff# 1



+) $abel =# 99999999

Answer# Manus or hand ?manual)



++Copyright / +010 earson "ducation 2nc.


23/27

+3) $abel E# 99999999

Answer# *run'



+4) $abel I# 99999999

Answer# elvis ?pelvic)



+5) $abel # 99999999Answer# ,mbilicus or navel ?umbilical)

!iff# 1



+6) $abel AA# 99999999Answer# Abdomen ?abdominal)

!iff# 1


+8) $abel BB# 99999999Answer# Mamma or breast ?mammary)

!iff# 1


+:) $abel CC# 99999999Answer# *horacis or thora chest ?thoracic)

!iff# 1



0) $abel !!# 99999999

Answer# Cervicis or nec' ?cervical)!iff# 1



1) $abel ""# 99999999

Answer# @asus or nose ?nasal)



+Copyright / +010 earson "ducation 2nc.


24/27

+) $abel # 99999999

Answer# Bucca or chee' ?buccal)



) $abel # 99999999

Answer# Auris or ear ?otic)



3) $abel # 99999999Answer# %culus or eye ?orbital or ocular)

!iff# 1



4) $abel 22# 99999999Answer# orehead ?frontal)

!iff# 1




25/27

Using the figure above, identify the labeled part.

5) $abel A# 99999999

Answer# &houlder ?acromial)!iff# 1





26/27

6) $abel B# 99999999

Answer# !orsum or bac' ?dorsal)



8) $abel C# 99999999

Answer# %lecranon or bac' of elbow ?olecranal)



:) $abel !# 99999999Answer# $umbus or loin ?lumbar)

!iff# 1



30) $abel "# 99999999Answer# luteus or buttoc' ?gluteal)

!iff# 1


31) $abel # 99999999

Answer# opliteus or bac' of 'nee ?popliteal)!iff# 1



3+) $abel # 99999999

Answer# &ura or calf ?sural)!iff# 1



3) $abel # 99999999

Answer# Calcaneus or heel of foot ?calcaneal)



33) $abel 2# 99999999

Answer# lanta or sole of foot ?plantar)

!iff# 1




27/27

34) $abel G# 99999999

Answer# $ower limb!iff# 1



35) $abel H# 99999999Answer# ,pper limb

!iff# 1



36) $abel $# 99999999

Answer# Cervicis or nec' ?cervical)!iff# 1



38) $abel M# 99999999

Answer# Cephalon or head ?cephalic)



anatomy phyisiology study guide

Documents

Transcript of anatomy phyisiology study guide