Anatomy of the Brain & Spinal Cord
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Anatomy of the Brain & Spinal Cord
Mrs. HalkuffAnatomy & Physiology
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3 Major Divisions of the Brain:
1.Forebrain2.Midbrain3.Hindbrain
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Forebrain1. Diencephalon
Thalamus & Hypothalamus
Motor control & sensory info.
Controls autonomic functions
2. Telencephalon A.K.A “Cerebral Cortex” Largest part of the brain Location of most
information processing
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Hindbrain Extends from the spinal cord.1. Metencephalon
Pons Cerebellum Maintains balance & equilibrium Coordination
2. Myelencephalon Medulla Oblongata Breathing Heart rate & Digestion
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Midbrain Brainstem that
connects the forebrain to the hindbrain.
Auditory & Visual response
Motor Function
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Major StructuresHypothalamus: Regulates body temperature, hunger, homeostasis.
Thalamus: Relays sensory signals to & from the spinal cord and cerebrum.
Pons: Relay between cerebrum & cerebellum
Medulla Oblongata: Controls autonomic functions
Cerebellum: Movement & Coordination
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Cerebrum Largest & Superior
part of the brain. Divided into 4 lobes. Has gyri & sulci.
AnGy Angular GyrusCSul Central Sulcus (of Rolando)LonFis Longitudinal FissureMFGy Middle Frontal GyrusOGy Occipital GyriPoCGy Postcentral GyrusPOSul Parieto-occipital SulcusPrCGy Precentral CyrusPrCSul Precentral SulcusSFGy Superior Frontal GyrusSFSul Superior Frontal SulcusSMGy Supramarginal GyrusSPLob Superior Parietal Lobule
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Cerebrum: Frontal Lobe Reasoning Motor Skills Cognition Emotions/Personality
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Cerebrum: Parietal Lobes
Receives & processes sensory information. (Pain, cold, touch, etc.)
Spatial relationships.
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Cerebrum: Temporal Lobes Hearing Memories
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Cerebrum: Occipital Lobe
Sight
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Anatomy of the Spinal CordGray Matter: Butterfly shaped in
center of cord. Large front wings contain motor
neurons. Small back wings contain sensory
neurons.White Matter: Columns of nerve
fibers that surround the Gray Matter. Ascending Tract: Carry sensory
information TO the brain. Descending Tract: Carry impulses FROM
the brain to the muscles.
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Diseases & Disorders Alzheimer’s disease: Progressive degeneration of the
brain causing problems with memory, thinking, & behavior. Cerebral edema: Excess accumulation of water
surrounding the brain. Cerebrovascular accident: A.K.A. Stroke. Death of brain
cells due to a lack of blood flow caused by an obstruction. Coma: A state of complete unresponsiveness. Concussion: Destruction of brain tissue due to trauma. Contusion: Bruising of the brain. Intracranial hemorrhage: Rupture of a blood vessel
causing blood to pool around the brain. Multiple Sclerosis: Degeneration of the myelin sheath
causing nerve impulses to slow/stop. Transient ischemic attack: Warning/Mini stroke.