SPINAL CORD, SPINAL SPINAL CORD, SPINAL NERVES, EYE AND EAR NERVES, EYE AND EAR

ANATOMYANATOMY

Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

• Identify structures of the spinal cord, both gross anatomical Identify structures of the spinal cord, both gross anatomical structures and cross sectional structures.structures and cross sectional structures.

• Identify meninges and spaces around the spinal cord.Identify meninges and spaces around the spinal cord.

• Identify major peripheral nerves and nerve plexuses.Identify major peripheral nerves and nerve plexuses.

• Identify the accessory and internal structures of the eye, and Identify the accessory and internal structures of the eye, and explain their function.explain their function.

• Describe the structures of the external and middle ear and Describe the structures of the external and middle ear and explain how they function.explain how they function.

Gross anatomy of the spinal cordGross anatomy of the spinal cord

Cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cordCross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord

Cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cordCross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord

Spinal Nerves: RootsSpinal Nerves: Roots

Figure 13.7a

The MeningesThe Meninges

Spinal NervesSpinal Nerves

Figure 13.6

Nerve PlexusesNerve Plexuses

• All ventral rami except TAll ventral rami except T22-T-T1212 form interlacing nerve form interlacing nerve networks called plexusesnetworks called plexuses

• Plexuses are found in the cervical, brachial, lumbar, Plexuses are found in the cervical, brachial, lumbar, and sacral regionsand sacral regions

• Each resulting branch of a plexus contains fibers Each resulting branch of a plexus contains fibers from several spinal nervesfrom several spinal nerves

Cervical PlexusCervical Plexus

Figure 13.8

Brachial PlexusBrachial Plexus

Figure 13.9a

Figure 13.9c

Brachial Plexus: Distribution Brachial Plexus: Distribution of Nervesof Nerves

Figure 13.7b

Spinal Nerve Innervation: Back, Anterolateral Thorax, and Spinal Nerve Innervation: Back, Anterolateral Thorax, and Abdominal WallAbdominal Wall

Lumbar PlexusLumbar Plexus

Figure 13.10

Sacral PlexusSacral Plexus

Figure 13.11

External Features and Accessory Structures of External Features and Accessory Structures of the Eyethe Eye

The EyeThe Eye

• Conjunctiva covers most of eyeConjunctiva covers most of eye

• Cornea is transparent anterior portionCornea is transparent anterior portion

• Three layersThree layers• Outer fibrous tunicOuter fibrous tunic• Sclera, corneaSclera, cornea

• Middle vascular tunicMiddle vascular tunic• Iris, ciliary body, choroidIris, ciliary body, choroid

• Inner nervous tunicInner nervous tunic• RetinaRetina

Sectional Anatomy of the EyeSectional Anatomy of the Eye

Cow eye: external and internal anatomyCow eye: external and internal anatomy

The Sectional Anatomy of the EyeThe Sectional Anatomy of the Eye

The Anatomy of the EarThe Anatomy of the Ear

The Middle EarThe Middle Ear

The Inner EarThe Inner Ear

The Organ Of CortiThe Organ Of Corti

Histology of the cochleaHistology of the cochlea