Anatomy and physiology Introduction Chapter 1 Notes
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Transcript of Anatomy and physiology Introduction Chapter 1 Notes
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Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology
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Mr. Hunter09/20/2012
• Objective(s)
• SWBAT
• Name the orientations of the anatomical position
• Name and identify the body cavities
• Bell Ringer: Define Homeostasis.
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Exit Question(s)
1. List the levels of organization of a living organism.
2. Name the two parts of the Serous Membrane
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• Anatomy – the structure of body parts (also called Morphology)
• Physiology – the function of the body parts, what they do and how they do it
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• Movement - self initiated change in position, motion of internal parts
• Responsiveness (irritability) - Ability to sense changes within, or around the organism and react to them
• Growth - increase in body size• Reproduction - Parents produce offspring /
producing new individuals• Respiration - Obtaining oxygen (O2), using it to
release energy from food substances, and getting rid of wastes
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• Digestion - Chemically changing (breaking down) food substances, and getting rid of wastes
• Absorption - Passage of Digested products (food substances) through membranes and into body fluids
• Circulation - Movement of substances throughout the body
• Assimilation - Changing absorbed substances into chemically different substances
• Excretion - Removal of wastes
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• I am walking to Mcdonalds (movement)• I stop at the traffic light (response)• My body is growing (growth)• I am breathing air (respiration)• I get a hamburger and eat it (digestion)• My body absorbs the hamburger (absorption)• The hamburger circulates in my body (circulation)• The hamburger is changed to things my body
needs (assimilation)• Eventually, I go to the bathroom (excretion)• Someday I may reproduce (reproduction)
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• Metabolism = all the physical and chemical changes
• Bodily needs = food, oxygen, water, heat
• Homeostasis = tendency of the body to maintain a stable, balanced, internal environment. “Sameness”
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HomeostasisHomeostasis
• Feedback systems Feedback systems are cycle of are cycle of events in which the status of a events in which the status of a condition is monitored, evaluated, condition is monitored, evaluated, changed and remonitored.changed and remonitored.
• Each monitored variable is called a Each monitored variable is called a controlled condition.controlled condition.
• Any disruption that changes a Any disruption that changes a controlled condition is called a controlled condition is called a stimulus.stimulus.
• Three components of a feedback Three components of a feedback system are: system are: a receptor, a control a receptor, a control center and an effector.center and an effector.
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HomeostasisHomeostasis
• ReceptorsReceptors monitors changes in a monitors changes in a controlled condition. It sends input controlled condition. It sends input in the form of nerve impulses or in the form of nerve impulses or chemical signals to a control center. chemical signals to a control center. Ex. Nerve endings in the skin can Ex. Nerve endings in the skin can sense temperature.sense temperature.
• A A control center control center sets the range of sets the range of values which a controlled condition values which a controlled condition should be maintained, evaluates the should be maintained, evaluates the input from receptors, and generate input from receptors, and generate output commands – nerve impulses, output commands – nerve impulses, chemical signals / hormoneschemical signals / hormones
• Effectors Effectors are structures that are structures that receives output from the control receives output from the control center and produces a response.center and produces a response.
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Negative Feedback SystemNegative Feedback System
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Positive Feedback SystemPositive Feedback System
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• Axial Portion - head, neck, trunk• Appendicular Portion - arms & legs
1. Several body cavities2. Layers of membranes within cavities3. Variety of organs and organ systems within cavities (VISCERA = internal organs. "Visceral organs")
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Popular in horror movies and games
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Body Cavities
Dorsal = back side
Ventral = front side
Thoracic = chest (heart, trachea, lungs..)
Abdomen = stomach area (spleen, intestines)
Pelvic = lower abdomen (bladder, reproductive organs)
DIAPHRAGM: Separates the thoracic and pelvic region
SEROUS MEMBRANE - covers and surrounds organsSERIOUS FLUID - lubricates organs
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Label the body cavities (use your book)
It's easier to visualize the body cavities on pictures - see Body Cavity Label | Label 2
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• Serous Membrane - two layered, covers organsoOuter layer = parietaloInner layer = visceral (lines the
organs)
• Serous fluid – lubricating fluid
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• Pleura = lungs• Pericardium = heart• Peritoneum = organs (abdominopelvic
region)
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Visceral Pleura / Parietal Pleura Visceral Pericardium / Parietal Pericardium Visceral Peritoneum / Parietal Peritoneum
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Homework: Organ Systems Concept Map
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Anatomical Terminology
Anatomical Position = standing erect, face forward, arms at side, palms facing forward
*Study and learn the following terms*
1. Superior2. Inferior3. Anterior4. Posterior5. Medial6. Lateral7. Proximal8. Distal9. Superficial10. Deep
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Homework: Fill out the chart on the body regions
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Homework: Fill out the chart on the body regions
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• Homework: Medical and Applied Science