Anatomi Dr Bernard
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SYSTEMA RESPIRATORIA
BATASAN :
SYSTEMA RESPIRATORIA ADALAH SUSUNAN ALAT-ALAT
TUBUH YANG BERFUNGSI DALAM RESPIRATIO.
RESPIRATIO ADALAH PROSES PERTUKARAN GAS ( CO²
DAN O² ) YANG BERLANGSUNG DI DALAM ALVEOLI.
BERNARD SM HUTABARAT, dr, PAK
FACULTY OF MEDICINE – UPH ; LIPPO KARAWACI
FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN - UPN VETERAN ; JAKARTA
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PEMBAGIANNYA
1. TRACTUS RESPIRATORIUS 1.1. PARS SUPERIOR* :
1.1.1. CAVUM NASI
1.1.2. PHARYNX
1.2. PARS INFERIOR :
1.2.1. LARYNX**
1.2.2. TRACHEA ***
1.2.3. BRONCHUS DAN****
CABANG-CABANGNYA.
2. ORGANA RESPIRATORIA :
2.2. PULMO SINISTRA
2.1. PULMO DEXTRA
* KEPALA & LEHER ; ** LEHER ; *** LEHER & DADA ; **** CAVUM THORACIS 2
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CAVUM THORACIS
BATASNYA :
1. KRANIAL :
1.1. INCISURA JUGULARIS STERNI
1.2. CLAVICULA
1.3. ARTIC. ACROMIO-CLAVICULARIS
PROC.SPINOSUS VERT.C7
2. KAUDAL :
2.1. ARCUS COSTARUM
2.2. PROC. XIPHOIDEUS
2.3. PUNCAK KETIGA IGA TERAKHIR
PROC. SPINOSUS VERT.T12
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APERTURAE THORACALES
1. APERTURA THORACALIS SUPERIOR :
KECIL , KIDNEY SHAPED, DIBATASI OLEH:.
1.1. CORPUS VERT.T1
1.2. FACIES SUPERIOR COSTA I DAN
CARTILAGO COSTAE I
1.3. INCISURA JUGULARIS STERNI
TEPI KRANIAL MANUBRIUM STERNI
2. APERTURA THORACALIS INFERIOR :
BESAR, DIBATASI OLEH :
2.1. ARCUS COSTARUM
2.2. PROC.XIPHOIDEUS
2.3. COSTA XII
2.4. CORPUS VERT.T12
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PARAMETER TOPOGRAFIK DINDING DADA1. LINEA MIDSTERNALIS (LINEA MEDIANA ANTERIOR) 1
GARIS LONGITUDINAL MELALUI PERTENGAHAN STERNUM
2. LINEA STERNALIS 2 GARIS // LINEA MIDSTERNALIS MELALUI TEPI STERNUM
3. LINEA PARASTERNALIS 4 3 GARIS // LINEA MIDSTERNALIS MELALUI PERTENGAHAN
LINEAE STERNALIS ET MIDCLAVICULARIS.
4. LINEA MIDCLAVICULARIS GARIS // LINEA MIDSTERNALIS MELALUI PERTENGAHAN
CLAVICULA
♂ : LINEA MAMMILARIA
5. LINEA AXILLARIS GARIS // LINEA MIDSTERNALIS MELALUI AXILLA :
5.1. LINEA AXILLARIS ANTERIOR
MELALUI PLICA AXILLARIS ANTERIOR
5.2. LINEA MIDAXILLARIS :
MELALUI PUNCAK FOSSA AXILLARIS
5.3 LINEA AXILLARIS POSTERIOR :
MELALUI PLICA AXILLARIS POSTERIOR
5.2. 5.1
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DINDING THORAX
1. STRATUM SUPERFICIALIS ( STRATUM EXTERNUS )
1.1. CUTIS ( SKIN , KULIT )
1.2. SUBCUTIS ( SUBCUTANEUS TISSUE , LEMAK SUBKUTAN ) :
1.3. FASCIA MUSCULI
2. STRATUM INTERMEDIUS :
2.1. MM.DORSALES ( OTOT-OTOT PUNGGUNG )
2.2. MM. ABDOMINALES ( OTOT-OTOT DINDING PERUT )
2.3. MM.EXTREMITATES SUPERIORES ( OTOT - OTOT ANGGOTA
GERAK ATAS )
3. STRATUM PROFUNDUS ( STRATUM INTERNUS ):
3.1. OSSEA THORACALES ( THORAX BAGIAN TULANG )
3.2. MM. INTERCOSTALES EXTERNI ET INTERNI
3.3. A/V INTERCOSTALES
3.4. NN. INTERCOSTALES
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AA. INTERCOSTALES
ASAL PERCABANGAN :
1. RR.INTERCOSTALES ANTERIOR :
1.1. I – VI : A.MAMMARIA INTERNA
1.2. VII – IX : A.MUSCULO –
PHRENICA ( A. MAMMARIA
INTERNA ).
2. AA.INTERCOSTALES POSTT
2.1. I – II : A. INTERCOSTALIS
SUPREMA ( TRUNCUS
COSTOCERVICALIS ).
2.2. III – XI : AORTA THORACALIS
AORTA THORACALIS
:
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PARACENTHESIS THORACISPARACENTHESIS THORACIS ( PUNCTIO CAVUM PLEURAE ) :
TINDAKAN UNTUK MENGAMBIL CAIRAN DI DALAM CAVUM
PLEURAE DIAGNOSTIK & KURATIF.
PARACENTHESIS THORACIS
( PUNCTIO CAVUM PLEURAE ) :
1. LATERAL ( DORSAL LINEA
AXILLARIS ):
TEPAT TEPI KRANIAL IGA
2.VENTRAL LINEA AXILLARIS :
DI TENGAH-TENGAH SELA IGA.
AORTA
A. INTERCOSTALIS POSTERIOR
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ISI CAVUM THORACIS
4.1. OESOPHAGUS
1. TRACHEA & PERCABANGANNYA
2. PULMONES DEXTRA ET SINISTRA.
( DI DALAM CAVUM PLEURAE )
3. COR & PEMBULUH BESARNYA
( DI MEDIASTINUM )
4. ORGANAE DARI LEHER KE ABD.:
4.2. NN. VAGI ( X )
4.3. NN. PHRENICAE
4.4. DUCTUS THORACICUS
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PLEURAADALAH SELAPUT PEMBUNGKUS PULMONES.
TERDIRI ATAS :
1. PLEURA PARIETALIS
--CAVUM PLEURAE---
2. PLEURA VISCERALIS
PARENCHYMA PULMONALIS
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PELURA PARIETALISTERDIRI ATAS :
1. PARS CERVICALIS PLEURAE
( CUPULA PLEURAE )
HYPOVENTILATIO PULMONALIS
. TUBERCULOSIS
2 PARS COSTOVERTEBRALIS PLEURAE
PALING KUAT, PALING TEBAL DAN
. MUDAH DILEPASKAN , KECUALI DI
ANTARA CAPIT.COSTAE DAN COLUMNA
VERTEBRALIS.
3. PARS DIAPHRAGMATICA PLEURAE TIPIS, MENUTUPI FACIES THORAC.DIAPH.
4. PARS MEDIASTINALIS PLEURAE
MENUTUPI BAG. LAT.MEDIASTINUM.11
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GARIS PERALIHAN PLEURACAVUM PLEURAE ASIMETRIK, KIRI LEBIH SEMPIT GARIS PERALIHAN PLEURA ( REFLEXIO PLEURAE ) BERBEDA ANTARA KIRI DAN KANAN. REFLEXIO PLEURAE COSTALIS MENJADI : 1. PLEURA MEDIASTINALIS ( DORSAL ) : REFLEXIO VERTEBRALIS 2. PLEURA MEDIASTINALIS ( VENTRAL ) : REFLEXIO STERNALIS 3. PLEURA DIAPHRAGMATICAE : REFLEXIO COSTALIS
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RECESSUS ( SINUS ) PLEURAEBATAS KAUDAL PARU LEBIH TINGGI DARI PLEURA TETAPI PLEURA
TIDAK SAMPAI KE DIAPHRAGMA
KAUDAL TERHADAP REFLEXIO COSTALIS
DIAPHRAGMA BERHUBUNGAN LANGSUNG
DENGAN COSTAE DAN MM.INTERCOSTT
DORSAL & LATERAL TEPI KAUDAL PARU
TIDAK MENCAPAI REFLEXIO COSTALIS
PLEURAE DIAPHRAGMATICAE ET COSTALIS
SALING MENDEKATI S.S.L.
RUANG POTENSIAL YANGH TIDAK DITEMPATI OLEH PARU : SINUS
( RECESSUS ) PLEURAE. SINUS PHRENICO-COSTALES DEXTRA
ET SINISTRA DAN SINUS COSTOMEDIASTINALIS.
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ANATOMI TERAPAN SINUS PLEURAE NO LUNGS ( TIDAK BERISI PARU ) :
1. VENTRAL : ICS ( VII ), VIII – XI :
SINUS PHRENICO-COSTALIS
(SINUS COSTO-PHRENICUS ):
2. DORSAL : COSTA VIII – X :
SINUS COSTOMEDIASTINALIS
NO PLEURA : ICS X – XI
3. PULMO
2. MM.INTERCOSTALES , SINUS ,
DIAPHR. DAN CAVUM ABD.
1. BAGIAN VENTRAL ICS X – XI TIDAK
MENGENAI PELURA TETAPI MM.INTERCOSTT,DIAPHRAGMA DAN CAVUM
ABDOMINALIS
CAIRAN ( PLEURAL EFFUSIO ) SINUS PHRENICO-COSTALIS TUMPUL..
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PULMONES
BERAT, BENTUK & STRUKTUR
1. KOSONG : 240 Gr ( Ka ) & 212 Gr ( Ki )2. BERISI DARAH : 625 Gr & 567 Gr
BENTUK : KERUCUT, DASAR PADA CEMBUNGAN DIAPHRAGMA ; PUNCAK : COLLUM COSTA I
BAYI BARU LAHIR : MERAH JAMBU DEWASA ; ABU2 GELAP
STILL BORN BABY : PADAT, UDARA, TENGGELAM
DOCIMACIA PULMONUM HYDROSTATICA
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BAGIAN – BAGIAN PULMO LOBUS SUPERIOR
LOBUS MEDIUS
APEX PULMONALIS
MMMMMMMM MARGO POSTERIOR
MARGO ANTERIOR
FACIES COSTALIS
INCIS.INTERLOB.HORIZONTALIS
INCIS. INTERLOB. OBLIQUA
INCISURA CARDIACA
LINGULA
BASIS PULMONALIS
PULMO DEXTRA
LOBUS INFERIOR MARGO INFERIOR
PULMO SINISTRA
FACIES DIAPHRAGMATICA 16
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FACIES MEDIASTINALIS PULMONIS DEXTRA
SULCUS A. ANONYMA ( INNOMINATA )
SULCUS V.CAVA SUPERIOR
SULCUS V. AZYGOS
.
BRONCHUS EPARTERIALIS
A. PULMONALIS
BRONCHUS HYPARTERIALIS
V. PULMONALIS
SULCUS OESOPHAGICUS
LIG. PULMONALE
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FACIES MEDIASTINALIS PULMONIS SINISTRA
SULCUS A. SUBCLAVIA SINISTRA
SULCUS V. ANONYMA SIN.
A. PULMONALIS
V. PULMONALIS
BRONCHUS
( HYPARTERIALIS )
IMPRESSIO CARDIACA
LIG. PULMONALE
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HILUS PULMONALISADALAH TEMPAT MASUK / KELUARNYA ALAT-ALAT KE / DARI PULMO
TERDAPAT PADA FACIES MEDIASTINALIS PULMONALIS.
A. PULMONALIS
BRONCHUS ( EPARTERIALIS )
DEXTRA SINISTRA
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RADIX PULM (CORPP. VERTT. Th-V, VI & VII)
1. BRONCHUS
2. A/Vv. PULM
3. A/V BRONCHIALIS
4. PLEXUS NERV. PULM.
5. DUCT LYMPH.
6. Nn. LL. BRONCHOPULM
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PROYEKSI PARU PADA DINDING THORAX.
CADAVER : BATAS MAKSIMAL ( EXPIRATIO )
ORANG HIDUP :1. PULMO DEXTRA :
1.1. KAUDAL LOBUS SUPERIOR : COSTA IV.1.2. LOBUS MEDIUS :
1.2.1. COSTA V LINEA AXILLARIS POSTERIOR. 1.2.2. CARTILAGO COSTAE VI
2. LOBUS SUPERIOR PULMONIS SINISTRA : COSTA V.
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TRACHEA & PERCABANGANNYA TRACHEA
BRONCHUS LOBARIS LOB.SUP.DEXTR
BRONCHUS PRINCIPALIS DEXTRA
( BRONCHUS PRIMARIUS DEXTRA )
BRONCHUS PRINCIPALIS SINISTRA
BRONCHUS LOBARIS LOB.SUP.SIN
BRONCHUS SEGMENTORUM
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ARBOR BRONCHIALIS
TRACHEA
BRONCHUS PRINCIPALIS
( BRONCHUS PRIMARIUS )
BRONCHUS LOBARIS
BRONCHUS SEGMENTORUM
BRONCHIOLI CONDUCTIONIS
BRONCHIOLI TERMINALIS
BRONCHIOLI RESPIRATORIUSDEXTRA : LEBIH LEBAR,LEBIH PENDEK,LEBIH TERJAL
PULMONARY ( LUNG ) UNIT
DUCTUS ALVEOLARIS
ATRIA
SACCUS ALVEOLARIS
ALVEOLUS
BIFURCATIO TRACHEAE ( T4 )
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BRONCHUS & LOBUSNYA.BRONCHUS SUP.DEXTRA : BRONCHUS EPARTERIALISBRONCHI LOBARES INF. & MED : HYARTERIALISBRONCHI LOBARES PULM.SIN : HYPARTERIALIS.BRONCHO-PULMONARY SEGMENT.
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VASCULARISATIO1. AA. PULMONALES DEXTRA ET SINISTRA 2. Vv. PULMONALES.3. A. BRONCHIALIS :
3.1. SINISTRA : AORTA THORACALIS3.2. DEXTRA : A. INTERCOST. / A.BRON
CHIALIS SINISTRA.4. Vv. BRONCHIALIS.
INTERVATIO.1. SYMPHATIS : Th-I-V ; BRONCHODILATOR2. PARASYMPATHIS : N.X (VAGUS); BRONCHO_
CONSTRICTOR & SECRETOMOTOR.
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GETAH BENING.
1. Nn. LI. SUPERFICIALES.2. Nn. LI. PROFUNDI Nn. LI. PULMONALES
Nn. LI BRONCHOPULM. Nn. LI. TRACHEO -BRONCHIALES INF., SUP.DEXTRA ET SUP. SINISTRA Nn.LI PARATRACHEALES1) TRUNC. BRONCHOMEDIAST ANGULUS
VENOSUS2) DUCTUS THORACICUS
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Tim Adhoc Pelaksana Penyiapan Program Internsip Dokter Indonesia 28