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Int. J. Struct. & Civil Engg. Res. 2013 Aruna Thube and Dattatraya Thube, 2013
ANALYSIS OF QUALITY INSPECTIONREPORTS OF NATIONAL QUALITY MONITORS
FOR PMGSY ROADS IN INDIA
Aruna Thube1* and Dattatraya Thube2
An attempt has been made in present study to analyze inspection reports of National QualityMonitors (NQMs) of the rural roads constructed under Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana(PMGSY) scheme in different states of India during the period of November 2010 to March2012. Further, an attempt has also been made to find out the rankings of critical items such asEarth work and Sub-grade, Sub-Base, Base Course and Bituminous Layer contributing toUnsatisfactory (U) overall grading of road works. The study also includes finding the rankings ofsub-items within these items contributing to U overall grading of these Items. The data of NQMInspection Reports has been taken from the website of National Rural Roads Developing Agency(NRRDAs) and detail analysis has been carried out for finding of the rankings of Items/Sub-Items contributing to U grading of road works and respective Items. The study results will bevery useful in deciding the appropriate strategy for quality improvement priorities amongst differentItems/sub-items and for the rural road works constructed under Pradhan Mantri Gram SadakYojana (PMGSY) scheme in India.
Keywords: PMGSY, National Quality Monitors (NQMs), Rural roads, Grading, Unsatisfactory(U), Satisfactory (S), Requires Improvement (RI)
1 Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Pune-411005, Maharashtra, India.2 Public Works Department, Government of Maharashtra, India.
*Corresponding Author: Aruna Thube,[email protected]
INTRODUCTION TO PMGSYSCHEME IN INDIAThe primary functions of transportation includemobility, connectivity and accessibility. Roadtransport in general and rural transport inparticular provides door to door service, thusensures accessibility to nooks and corners ofthe country. It has been realized that the
ISSN 2319 – 6009 www.ijscer.comVol. 2, No. 2, May 2013
© 2013 IJSCER. All Rights Reserved
Int. J. Struct. & Civil Engg. Res. 2013
Research Paper
absence of All Weather Road Connectivity isa major impediment in the development of ruralareas, since lack of access results in isolationand remoteness of rural masses and therebydepriving them of opportunities of employment,healthcare, education, etc. Over and above,lack of connectivity increases the vulnerabilityof such communities during events of natural
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Int. J. Struct. & Civil Engg. Res. 2013 Aruna Thube and Dattatraya Thube, 2013
disaster. Government of India, having realizedthat providing rural accessibility serves as ameans for poverty alleviation, launched Prad-han Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) asa fully funded centrally sponsored plan on Dec-ember 25, 2000, with the primary objective ofproviding all weather road connectivity to allhabitations with a population of 500 and abovein plain areas. In respect of the Hill States (NorthEast, Sikkim, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu &Kashmir, Uttarakhand), the desert areas (asidentified in the Desert Development Pro-gram), the Tribal (Schedule-V) areas and inLeft Wing Extremism affected/IntegratedAction Plan (IAP) districts as identified by theMinistry of Home Affairs/Planning Comm-ission, the objective is to connect habitationswith population of 250 persons and above.
PRESENT IMPLEMENTATIONSTATUSConnectivity to total 77,877 new habitationsand corresponding all weather roads lengthmeasuring 3,19,438 km length had beenconstructed in different states of India underPMGSY scheme up to the end of March 2011,since the inception of the PMGSY scheme inyear 2000.
THREE TIER QUALITY CONTROLMECHANISM FOR RURAL ROADCONSTRUCTION UNDER PMGSYSCHEMEPMGSY Guidelines emphasize upon qualitycantered implementation strategies and reco-gnize quality as essence of the program. Tobring execution of the program to the desiredhigh quality standards, a three tier qualitymanagement mechanism has been insti-
tutionalized under PMGSY. The first tier of thismechanism is in-house quality control atProgram Implementation Unit (PIU) level. Thesecond tier is a structured independent qualitymonitoring at the State level. Under the thirdtier, independent National Quality Monitors(NQMs) are deployed by National Rural RoadsDeveloping Agency (NRRDA) for inspectionof road works at random not only to monitorquality but also to provide guidance of seniorprofessionals to the field functionaries. TheNQMs are senior engineers retired from theState Governments or Government of Indiaorganizations, empaneled on the basis of thecriteria fixed by NRRDA. The NQMs arerequired to inspect the rural road works arebeing constructed under PMGSY scheme andrecord their quality regarding observations asper the prescribed guidelines. The guidelinesfor NQM inspections have been made objec-tive and based on defined methods of obse-rvation including clarity on actionable points.Guidelines for photographic recording ofinspections by NQMs have also been pres-cribed. To ensure effective and uniformreporting of the quality issues, orientationprograms are organized for NQMs.
PROCEDURE FOR NQM IN-SPECTIONS OF RURAL ROADWORKSThe objective of third tier of Quality Monitoringunder PMGSY, i.e., inspection of rural roadworks by national level independent monitorsis to identify shortcomings in respect of qualityof road works and to guide the PIUs about thespecifications, good practices and effectiveexecution of works with desired quality. Therole of these monitors is to critically examine
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Int. J. Struct. & Civil Engg. Res. 2013 Aruna Thube and Dattatraya Thube, 2013
the road works and give feedback about qualityof road works and quality management related
shortcomings to the State level quality mana-gement team and NRRDA to enable systemic
improvements.
There could be many methods of ins-
pecting, making observations and evaluating
various items and sub-items involved inconstruction of a rural road. With a view to
achieve uniformity, objectivity in observationsand evaluation, the efforts have been made to
standardize the methods of observations andevaluation. Various items and sub-items
involved in construction of a rural road have
been listed in Annexure 3 of Draft Guidelinesfor Quality Monitoring for National Quality
Monitors under Third Tier of Quality Mechanismpublished by NRRDA. Each of the sub-items
defined under the Item shall be examined by
NQM as per prescribed method of observationand frequency. The quality of the sub-item/item
would be quantified in one of the grades pres-cribed as Satisfactory(S)/Unsatisfactory (U)/
Requires Improvement (RI). The NQM shall
base his observations on the method of fieldtests, hand feel tests, measurements and visu-
al observations as specified only and in noother way. The NQM is expected to traverse
through the entire road length to ascertain thequantum of work such as length of road,
number of Cross Drainage works (CDs),
protection works, side drains, catch waterdrains, rigid pavement and other aspects of
the work. After the traverse, the NQM woulddecide about the locations for detailed
observations. The quality of every item and sub-
item of work would be evaluated by the NQM
on the basis observations made as perprescribed standard method. The gradingwould be recorded for every item andabstracted at appropriate space provided inthe format. The grading of work would be donewith an intention to quantify the observationsshowing level of satisfaction in relation to thespecification of the work/item under obser-vation. The objective would be to indicate tothe executing agency, as to whether thematerial or workmanship is acceptable, orunacceptable. If the item is unacceptable, theimprovement could be done by eitherreplacement of the entire material/portion ofwork or by rectification in workmanship ormaterial. The grading should be able toindicate to the PIU/ State, the level of inter-vention required for improvement. Therefore,based on the type of item and method ofobservation, each item/sub-item of work wouldbe graded in any of the categories, i.e., ‘Satis-factory (S)’or ‘Requires Improvement (RI)’ or‘Unsatisfactory (U)’. Based on grading, the PIUshall take action for rectification of defect,therefore, it is very important to record thedefect as well as the suggestive method bywhich the rectification could be done. The NQMshall record, the grade as well as clear andexpress reasons for grading the item of workas ‘RI’ or ‘U’ along with his suggestions forimprovement. The reasons and suggestionsshall be recorded clearly in such a way thatthere are no ambiguities or contradictions withobservations in other items. The details oftypical NQM quality recording format forimportant items such as Item 4- Earth work andSub-grade, Item 5-Sub-Base, Item 6-BaseCourse and Item 7-Bituminous Layer along-with their sub-items are given in Table 1.
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Int. J. Struct. & Civil Engg. Res. 2013 Aruna Thube and Dattatraya Thube, 2013
Table 1: Statement Showing Item Wise Observations, Their Method, Frequencyand Awardable Quality Grading for Item 4,5,6 and 7
S.No.
1 2 3 4 5 6
Item 4-Earth Work and Sub-grade in Embankment/Cutting
Sub Item for Observation In Case ofWork
Method of Observation Frequency Grades
A
B
C
D
E
Quality of Material forEmbankment/Sub-grade
Compaction
Side Slopes and Profile
Stability and Workmanship ofCut Slopes (in case of hilly/rolling terrain)
Adequacy of Slope Protection(in case of high embankments/hilly/rolling terrain)
Ongoing orcompleted
Complete
Ongoing orcompleted
Visual classification of Soils
Field Density Test by sand replace-ment/core-cutter method
Measurement
Visual Observation
Visual Observation
1 per km
1 per km
4Observations
per km
4 per km
4 per km
Item Grade
S/U
S/U
S/U
S/U
S/U
S/U
Item 5- Sub-Base course
A
B
C
D
Grain Size
Plasticity
Compaction
Total Thickness of Layer
Ongoing orcompleted
Ongoing orcompleted
Ongoing orcompleted
Gradation Test
Hand feel test of ball makingwith moisture content
Field Density Test by sandreplacement/core-cuttermethod
Measurement by taking pit forfull layer thickness
1 per km
1 per km
1 per km
1 per km
Item Grade
S/U
S/U
S/U
S/U
S/U
Item 6- Base Course- Water Bound Macadam
A
B
C
D
Grain size of Course Aggregate
Plasticity of CrushableAggregate used as fillers
Adequacy of Compactionthrough volumetric analysis
Thickness of every layer of WBM
Ongoing orcompleted
Gradation Test
Hand feel test of ball makingwith moisture content
Hand feel test by digging pitand volumetric analysis
Actual measurement by taking pit
1 per km
1 per km
1 per km
1 per km
Item Grade
S/U
S/U
S/U
S/U
S/U
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Int. J. Struct. & Civil Engg. Res. 2013 Aruna Thube and Dattatraya Thube, 2013
Table 1 (Cont.)
S.No.
1 2 3 4 5 6
Item 7- Bituminous Layer- Premix Carpet (PMC)/ Surface Dressing (SD)
Sub Item for Observation In Case ofWork
Method of Observation Frequency Grades
A
B
C
D
E
Gradation of Aggregate
Mixing Temperature of Mix
Laying Temperature of Mix
Thickness of layer
Surface Evenness
Ongoing
Ongoing
Ongoing
Ongoing orcompleted
Ongoing orcompleted
Grain size analysis (GradationTest)
Measurement of temperatureby thermometer
Measurement of temperatureby thermometer
Measurement by taking pit
By straight edge
1 at Hot-Mixplant/1 per km
1 at Hot-Mixplant
1 where layingis in progress
2 per km
2 per km
Item Grade
S/U
S/U
S/U
S/U
S/U
S/U
METHODOLOGY FOR SUB-ITEM/ITEM WISE GRADING AND OVER-ALL GRADING OF WORKThe sub-item wise grading of every item of
work would be entered in the reporting format
and the item grading would be the lowest of
the grading of sub-items within that item. If, any
of the items in Item no. 4, 5, 6 and 7 are graded
as ‘U’, overall grading of the work shall be ‘U’
i.e., ‘Unsatisfactory’. If, all the items given in
above four items are ‘S’ but grading in any of
other items is ‘U’ or ‘RI’, the overall grading of
work shall be ‘S-RI’, i.e., Satisfactory but
Requiring Improvement. If grading of all items
is ‘S’, the overall grading of work shall be ‘S’
i.e., ‘Satisfactory’.
SCOPE OF PRESENT STUDYThe scope of present study includes analysisof quality inspection reports for the inspections
carried out by NQMs during the period of
November 2010 to March 2012 for road works
constructed under PMGSY scheme in different
states of India. An attempt has been made in
present study to analyze 4077 number of total
NQM inspection reports during the same
period in detail and to find out the rankings of
important items such as Item 4 – Earth work
and Sub-grade, Item 5 – Sub-Base, Item 6 –
Base Course and Item 7 – Bituminous Layer
contributing to Unsatisfactory overall grading
of works. Similarly, an attempt has also been
made to find out the rankings of sub-items
within these items, contributing to Unsatis-
factory grading of the items. All the data has
been collected by accessing the National
Rural Roads Developing Agency’s website
‘omms.nic.in’ wherein the details of each
inspection reports of NQMs are available.
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Int. J. Struct. & Civil Engg. Res. 2013 Aruna Thube and Dattatraya Thube, 2013
DATA ANALYSIS ANDSTUDY RESULTSThe analysis has been carried out in differentstages to find out rankings of important items/sub items such as Item 4-Earthwork and Sub-grade in Embankment/Cutting, Item 5-Sub-base, Item 6-Base course-Water BoundMacadam and Item 7-Bituminous Layer basedupon their contribution in the overall Unsatis-
factory Grading (U) of road works and Itemsas below:
i. To find out share of important Items/subitems with respect to UnsatisfactoryGrading (U) to Total number of NQMInspections.
ii. To find out share of important Items/SubItems with respect to Unsatisfactory Grad-ing (U) to Total number NQM Inspections
Analysis DetailsLevel ofAnalysis
Analysis ResultsExpressed in Terms
of Percentage
Table 2: Share of Important Items/ Sub Items With Respectto Unsatisfactory Grading (U) to Total Number of NQM Inspections
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Int. J. Struct. & Civil Engg. Res. 2013 Aruna Thube and Dattatraya Thube, 2013
Analysis DetailsLevel ofAnalysis
Analysis Resultsexpressed in terms
of percentage
Table 3: Share of Important Items/Sub Items with Respectto Unsatisfactory Grading (U) to Total Number of NQM Inspections with U Grading
Analysis DetailsLevel ofAnalysis
Analysis Resultsexpressed in terms
of percentage
Table 4: Share of various Sub Items Contributing to Overall Unsatisfactory (U) Gradingfor Item 4-Earthwork and Sub-grade in Embankment/Cutting
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Int. J. Struct. & Civil Engg. Res. 2013 Aruna Thube and Dattatraya Thube, 2013
Analysis DetailsLevel ofAnalysis
Analysis Resultsexpressed in terms
of percentage
Table 5: Share of Various Sub Items Contributing to OverallUnsatisfactory (U) Grading for Item 5-Sub-base Course
Analysis DetailsLevel ofAnalysis
Analysis Resultsexpressed in terms
of percentage
Table 6: Share of Various Sub Items Contributingto Overall Unsatisfactory (U) Grading for Item 6-Base-Course
Analysis DetailsLevel ofAnalysis
Analysis Resultsexpressed in terms
of percentage
Table 7: Share of various Sub Items contributing to overall Unsatisfactory (U) Gradingfor Item 7-Bituminous Layer
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Int. J. Struct. & Civil Engg. Res. 2013 Aruna Thube and Dattatraya Thube, 2013
awarded with Unsatisfactory (U) overallGrading.
iii. To find out share of various Sub itemscontributing to overall Unsatisfactory (U)Grading of different Items.
iv. To rank different Items/sub items contri-buting to Unsatisfactory (U) grading.
An analysis has been carried out for diff-erent stages as mentioned above and theanalysis results along-with Item Rankings (IR)contributing overall Unsatisfactory (U) gradingof work as well as Sub-Item Ranking (SIR) con-tributing overall Unsatisfactory (U) grading ofItems are given in Tables 2 to 7.
CONCLUSIONThe following conclusions are drawn from thestudy results:
i. The quality of Item 6 Base course-waterBound Macadam contributing the highestwhile the quality of Item 7 BituminousLayer contributing least for Unsatisfactory(U) overall grading of works amongst theItems considered in the study.
ii. The quality of Sub-Item 4B Compactioncontributing the highest while the sub-item4A Quality of Material for Embankment/Sub-grade contributing least for Unsatis-factory (U) overall grading of Item 4 Earthwork and Sub-grade in Embankment/Cutting amongst the different sub-items.
iii. The quality of Sub-Item 5A Grain size con-tributing the highest while the quality ofsub-item 5B plasticity contributing least forUnsatisfactory (U) overall grading of Item
5 sub-base course amongst the differentsub-items.
iv. The quality of sub-item 6A grain size ofcourse aggregate contributing the highestwhile the quality of sub-item 6B plasticityof crushable aggregate used as fillercontributing least for Unsatisfactory (U)overall grading of Item 6 base course-Water Bound Macadam amongst thedifferent sub-items.
v. The quality of sub-item 7D Thickness ofBituminous Layer contributing the highestwhile the quality of sub-item 7C LayingTemperature of mix contributing least forUnsatisfactory (U) overall grading of Item7 Bituminous Layer Premix Carpet(PMC)/Surface Dressing (SD) amongstthe different sub-items.
REFERENCES1. Ministry of Rural Development (2012),
Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak YojanaProgramme Guidelines, Government ofIndia.
2. National Rural Roads Development Agency(2007), Guidelines for Quality Monitoring byNational Quality Monitors under Third Tierof Quality Mechanism, Ministry of RuralDevelopment, Government of India.
3. National Rural Roads Development Agency(2011), National Rural Roads DevelopmentAgency- Annual Report 2010-2011, Ministryof Rural Development, Government of India.
4. Website: ‘omms.nic.in’, Accessed on 07-04-2012.