Analysis of a Specialized Regional Jail Facility Preliminary Report Joint Legislative Audit and...
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Transcript of Analysis of a Specialized Regional Jail Facility Preliminary Report Joint Legislative Audit and...
Analysis of a Specialized Regional Jail Facility
Preliminary Report
Joint Legislative Audit and Review Committee
January 4, 2006
Presented by John Woolley, JLARC Staff
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What We’ll Cover TodayFIRST:
Directive and Summary of Lessons LearnedSECOND:
Background and ContextTHIRD:
Lessons We LearnedFINISH:
Conclusions/Recommendations
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Jail for Offenders with Mental Health/Chemical Abuse Challenges
JLARC assess whether existing facilities could be converted to a specialized, regional jail (E2SSB 5763, 2005)
Specialized: offenders with mental health and co-occurring mental or chemical dependency disorders that need specialized treatment
Regional jail: offenders from many counties and cities
Directive/Summary
JLARC's Specialized Regional Jail Analysis 4
Three Key Questions: Size? Basic Features? Costs?
SIZE of such a jail?Need answers to how many, the pool of
offenders: demandFEATURES or attributes?
Need answers to what these offenders require
COSTS to convert?Need answers to number of offenders,
offender requirements, and building rehab
Directive/Summary
JLARC's Specialized Regional Jail Analysis 5
And Also Important: Benefits?
Do benefits or efficiencies reduce or defray costs or help avoid future costs?Need answers to whether
specialized services make a difference: efficiencies and reduced re-offending?
Directive/Summary
JLARC's Specialized Regional Jail Analysis 6
Many Lessons Learned in Finding Answers: Summary
SIZEPotential pool of offenders: about 500But depends: local choice and who pays?
FEATURESSecure and provide for stabilization and
transitionCOST
New construction likely least expensive
Directive/Summary
JLARC's Specialized Regional Jail Analysis 7
Lessons on Benefits?
Washington State Institute for Public Policy reviewing jail-based programs to determine benefitsAnalysis to be completed by Fall
2006JLARC models constructed to
incorporate benefits information
Directive/Summary
JLARC's Specialized Regional Jail Analysis 8
Jails Differ in Many Ways From Prisons
In General: 58 jails, more compact and smaller When entering jail, offenders may be under
influence of alcohol or drugs Less time in jail: average of 15 days vs. 20
months in prisonPrisons are run by one state agency: Department of Corrections
Many different county/city agencies run jails
Background and Context
JLARC's Specialized Regional Jail Analysis 10
Past Reviews of Regional Jails Give Us InsightsWashington Association of Sheriffs and
Police Chiefs looked in 2001 and 2005Sentencing Guidelines Commission
looked in 2003Insights into issues of multiple
jurisdiction jail
Background and Context
JLARC's Specialized Regional Jail Analysis 11
Past Reviews of Regional Jails Gives Us Insights
State funding desired?
Require high degree of cooperation?
A good idea?
Work also for special populations?
Improve conditions/security?
Economies of scale?
ISSUE DISCUSSED Answer?
Background and Context
JLARC's Specialized Regional Jail Analysis 12
Why Specialized Services? There is a Legal RequirementU.S. Supreme Court requires jails to provide
care for serious medical needs, such as mental health care.
State law: jails to provide necessary medical care.
Also standards: American Correctional Association jail standards for mental health:Screening, crisis intervention, stabilization,
referral
Background and Context
JLARC's Specialized Regional Jail Analysis 13
Three Mental Illnesses of Primary Concern
Violence to staff and other inmates
Random, illogical, irrelevant thoughts
Schizo-phrenia
Suicide risk or disruptive (manic)
Severe mood swings, possible
delusions
Bipolar disorder
Factor in suicidal and self-harming
behavior
Profound hopelessness
Serious Depression
ConcernsCharacteristicsIllness
Prozac: $1.83 day
Lithium: 73 cents day
Zyprexa: $19.76 day
Background and Context
JLARC's Specialized Regional Jail Analysis 14
Size: Potential Pool of Offenders is About 500Demand assumptions model constructedMath:
10,036 Jail Average Daily Population
x 16% Percent with MH issue
x 31% Percent with MH issue requiring specialized services
430 men and 67 women Equates to about 5% of jail population
Lessons Learned
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Actual Demand Depends on Price, Proximity, and Program
Local jurisdictions will choose: factors?
Price and who pays?
Proximity: how close to existing jail—transportation, courts, defenders, family, local services?
Program: intensity and focus of services—stabilization, treatment, transition
Lessons Learned
JLARC's Specialized Regional Jail Analysis 16
Features: Three Key Attributes
1. It’s a jail: security must be kept in mind
2. Withstand the rigors of an institution: “hardened” for a confined population
3. Recognize specialized requirements of population including program space: emphasis on safety, stabilization, and transition services
Lessons Learned
JLARC's Specialized Regional Jail Analysis 17
Cost to Convert and Operate: Life-Cycle Cost Analysis Used
Detailed life-cycle cost analysis on three existing buildings and on a new building as a comparison
Life-cycle analysis takes all costs, such as capital and operating, for life of building into consideration
Compares buildings of different sizes and useful life in a rigorous way
Lessons Learned
JLARC's Specialized Regional Jail Analysis 18
Building Alternatives: Different Size, Location, Cost
Annex to existing Chelan-Douglas jail:Small alternative with 20 beds
Converted nursing home in SpokaneMedium alternative with 75 beds
Juvenile Rehab facility in ChehalisLarge alternative with 256 beds
Lessons Learned
Lessons Learned
JLARC's Specialized Regional Jail Analysis
Building Alternatives: Different Size, Location, Cost
Lessons Learned
Lessons Learned
$951,000 per bedNew Facility128 beds
$1,052,000 per bedNursing Home 75 beds
$1,010,000 per bedJuvenile Rehab Facility256 beds
$987,000 per bedChelan-Douglas Annex20 beds
30 YEAR LIFE-CYCLE COST
BUILDING
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Lesson: Each Alternative Has Advantages and Disadvantages
CHELAN/DOUGLAS JAIL ANNEXADVANTAGESMake use of main jail’s infrastructureSmall facility (20 beds) may serve needs of
smaller, more rural counties
DISADVANTAGESSmall facility less efficientSmall limits treatment optionsCan accommodate only one gender
Lessons Learned
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Lesson: Each Alternative Has Advantages and Disadvantages
SPOKANE CONVERTED NURSING HOMEADVANTAGESAccommodates men and womenWheelchair access and low acquisition costMay be sized ( 75 beds) to demand
DISADVANTAGESExtensive retro-fitting required: not “hard”Not built with suicide prevention in mindLocation (residential) may be difficult
Lessons Learned
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Lesson: Each Alternative Has Advantages and Disadvantages
JUVENILE REHAB CENTERADVANTAGESLocated on I-5Constructed for confined populationExisting units efficient; men and women
DISADVANTAGES“Campus” style too open for jail populationSome existing buildings not neededSharing facility difficult: “sight and sound”
Lessons Learned
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Lesson: Each Alternative Has Advantages and DisadvantagesBRAND NEW FACILITY (PROTOTYPE)
ADVANTAGESUnits scaled for staffing efficiencyDesigned for specific program needs New building has longer useful lifeMen and women
DISADVANTAGESSiting new jail likely difficult
Lessons Learned
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JLARC's Specialized Regional Jail Analysis
Many Other Options ExistFocus on alternatives to jail: “continuum”
Specialized jail only after other alternatives explored
MH Court, crisis triage, expanded servicesDevelop as specialized wing in planning for
new or expanded jailMake use of jail infrastructureIf it doesn’t work, fold back into “regular” jail
Lessons Learned
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Lessons on Size, Features, Costs
SIZE Estimate of about
5% of jail population BUT each jurisdiction will make their own decision—demand based on price, proximity, and program
Recommendation 1:
As it evaluates the establishment of a regional jail, the Legislature should consider specific local requirements as it estimates demand.
Conclusions&
Recommendations
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Lessons on Size, Features, Costs
FEATURES Secure facility, withstand
rigors of this population, programming area, mix of cell types, suicide prevention in mind
COSTNew construction likely
least expensive: staffing efficiency and specific needs accommodated
Recommendation 2:
As it considers the specifics of converting an existing facility to a specialized regional jail, the Legislature should consider basic custody staffing efficiencies as a key cost factor.
Conclusions&
Recommendations
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Lessons on Size, Features, Costs
SIZE, FEATURES, AND COSTSCurrently no specialized regional jail, so, many unknowns
Question: Best way to establish a new option?
Recommendation 3:The Legislature should consider incorporating a specialized regional wing into the planning for a new county jail. Consideration can be given to efficient design, funding mechanisms, and management structures.
Conclusions&
Recommendations
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JLARC's Specialized Regional Jail Analysis
JLARC Staff To Contact For Further Information
John Woolley
Phone: 360.786.5184
E-Mail: [email protected]
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