AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE MECHANICAL …settle fillers like fly‐ash, to a covering material...
Transcript of AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE MECHANICAL …settle fillers like fly‐ash, to a covering material...
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 1398 [email protected]
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)
Volume 9, Issue 4, April 2018, pp. 1398–1409, Article ID: IJCIET_09_04_155
Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=9&IType=4
ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316
© IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF S GLASS
FIBER REINFORCED HIGH STRENGTH
CONCRETE PARTIALLY REPLACING
CEMENT WITH NANO SILICA
MD Ikramullah Khan
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, SR Engineering College,
Warangal, Telangana, India
M Sravanthi
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, SR Engineering College,
Warangal, Telangana, India
E Laxmi Prasanna
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, SR Engineering College,
Warangal, Telangana, India
ABSTRACT
Concrete is an extensively used construction material for its various advantages
such as low cost, ease of production etc. But it cannot be used alone everywhere
because of its low tensile strength. So, fibers both natural as well as artificial are used
as resistance strengthening of concrete especially against cracking. Researchers all
over the world are attempting to develop high strength concretes by using fibers and
other admixtures in concrete up to certain proportions. This study has been conducted
for understanding the mechanical behavior of S glass fiber reinforced concrete
replacing 2% cement with Nano silica. Studies were conducted on the compressive,
flexural and tensile strengths of concrete by varying the fiber percentage from 0 to 1%
by weight of mix, at constant 2% Nano silica in cement. The obtained results where
then compared with M40 conventional concrete. It was observed that the compressive,
flexure and tensile strengths increased with the increase in fiber content up to 0.5-
0.75% thereby indicating that 0.75% is the optimal fiber content.
Key words: S (synthetic) Glass Fiber, Nano Silica, High Strength Concrete
Cite this Article: MD Ikramullah Khan, M Sravanthi and E Laxmi Prasanna, An
Experimental Study of the Mechanical Properties of S Glass Fiber Reinforced High
Strength Concrete Partially Replacing Cement with Nano Silica, International Journal
of Civil Engineering and Technology, 9(4), 2018, pp. 1398–1409.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=9&IType=4
MD Ikramullah Khan, M Sravanthi and E Laxmi Prasanna
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 1399 [email protected]
1. INTRODUCTION
Concrete posses very low tractable strength, limited flexibility and little protection from
splitting. Be that as it may, it can't be utilized alone wherever in light of its low rigidity. In
this way, filaments both common and also manufactured are utilized as protection reinforcing
of concrete particularly against breaking. Most of the developments across the work have
been supported by continuous improvement of these admixtures. Hence variety of admixtures
such as fly ash, rice husk ash, stone dust and silica fume has been used so far. Nano silica is
the improvement or advance compare to the silica fume which is used in present experiment.
Nano Silica having a minimal effort spending plan, high compressive and elasticity, high
surface zone, capacity to forestall silicosis, diminishing level of CO2, Nano Silica
additionally helps in checking strong waste contamination when blended with reused solid
totals. As miniaturized scale silica exhaust are included cement to fill in the voids, diminish
the solid alkalinity, and expands its protection against the concoction assault. Concrete and
water experience concoction responses known as hydration responses: A bond molecule is
made out of four synthetic mixes in particular, Tricalciumsulfide (C3S), Dicalciumsulfide
(C2S), Tricalcium Aluminate (C3A), and Tetra calcium Alumino-ferrite (C4AF). The
hydrations of the initial two mixes with water prompt the arrangement of calcium-silicate-
hydrate (CSH) gel and calcium hydroxide (CH) otherwise called Portlandite. The CSH gel is
a solid bond and structures solid association between the solid particles. Then again,
Portlandite is a dissolvable item and drains out in water. It is a feeble connection between the
solid particles. The expansion of silica particles in solid blend changes over the frail CH into
more grounded CSH. Silica vapor refine the properties of cement by two means: its fine size
fills the voids between bond particles and the voids between concrete particles and totals; and
also they respond pozzolanically with CH to deliver CSH gel, expanding the coupling quality
and diminishing the fine porosity of cement. In this way it is settled that silica exhaust
increment the quality of cement and deliver a denser and more homogeneous framework. This
impact of silica smolder has been demonstrated by electron microscopy estimations. Silica
exhaust as talked about above are miniaturized scale particles. It bestows quality to the
concrete because of arrangement of dicalcium and tricalcium silicates. In the event that silica
is available in overabundance amount, the quality of concrete increments however in the
meantime it setting time is delayed. It compacts solid, making it more grounded and more
strong under soluble conditions like marine situations. It can likewise be added to cement to
settle fillers like fly‐ash, to a covering material bringing about an extremely solid grid, or
utilized as flame retardant operator.
In the perspective of the worldwide supportable advancements, it is basic that fibers like
glass, carbon, polypropylene and aramid strands give enhancements in elasticity, weakness
qualities, sturdiness, shrinkage attributes, durability, cavitation, disintegration protection and
serviceability of concrete. Glass fiber (or glass fiber) is a material comprising of various to a
great degree fine strands of glass. With the first E-glass filaments, durability was a major
issue since the glass separated and loses strength. The glass filaments utilized as a part of
Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete since the 1970s are alkali safe glass and the durability issue
has mostly gone. The rigidity of the glass fiber is higher than that of steel and the modulus of
elasticity is 3 times that of concrete with the goal that when you place stress into the concrete
the glass assimilates the vitality and won't enable it to split. Polypropylene fiber is
extraordinary for decreasing plastic shrinkage breaking however it can't quit splitting in
concrete. Strands impart energy absorption, toughness and impact resistance properties to
fiber reinforced concrete material and these characteristics in turn improve the fracture and
fatigue properties of fiber reinforced concrete research in glass fiber reinforced concrete
An Experimental Study of the Mechanical Properties of S Glass Fiber Reinforced High Strength
Concrete Partially Replacing Cement with Nano Silica
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 1400 [email protected]
resulted in the development of an S glass fiber high dispersion that improved long term
durability.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
Komal Chawla and Bharti Tekwani (2013) has worked on Studies of Glass Fiber
Reinforced Concrete Composites their investigation says that by adding glass fibers by
weight of cement by 0%, 0.33%,, 0.67% and 1%, for determining the compressive strength
and flexural strength by 7 days and 28 days age strength, the following conclusions were
drawn from test results. The maximum increase in the compressive strength of various grades
of glass fiber concrete mixes compared with 28 days compressive strength is observed 37%
and the percentage increase of flexure strength of various grades of glass fiber concrete mixes
compared with 28 days flexural strength is 5.19 % also the workability has been decreased by
adding glass fibers percentage so a water reducing admixtures has been recommended to add
to get a workable mix.
Chandramouli et al., (2010) has worked on Strength Properties of Glass Fibre Concrete.
The following conclusions were drawn from test results, a reduction in bleeding is observed
by addition of glass fibers in the glass fiber concrete mixes and the percentage increase of
compressive strength of various grades of glass fiber concrete mixes compared with 28 days
compressive strength is observed from 20 to 25% also the percentage increase of flexural and
split tensile strength of various grades of glass fiber concrete mixes compared with 28 days is
observed from 15 to 20%.
Tanveer and Gopala, (2014) has worked on Strength Properties of Concrete by Using
Micro Silica and Nano Silica in the study strength properties such as Compressive strength,
split tensile strength and flexural strength of M40 and M50 grades of concrete with the use of
micro silica (5%, 7.5%, 10%, 15%) and Nano silica (1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%) as partial
replacement of cement were studied. It was found from the experimental study that concrete
composites with superior properties can be produced using micro silica and Nano silica, the
following conclusions were drawn from test results cement replacement up to 7.5% with SF
and up to 2% with NS, leads to increasing compressive strength, split tensile strength and
flexural strength for both M40 and M50 grade.
3. EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM
3.1. Materials
Cement. Ordinary Portland cement of 43 Grade has been used in this study. No expansion
was found in the soundness test.
Fine aggregate. Locally available zone II sand with specific gravity 2.68 confirming with
code book IS 393-1970.
Coarse aggregate. Crushed stone of 20 mm size having specific gravity 2.74 confirming code
book IS 393-1970.
Nano Silica. Nano Silica utilized as a part of the test program was gotten from suppliers in
Chennai, Tamil Nadu and is the basic assortment utilized as a part of the business with
specific gravity 2.2-2.4.
Super Plasticizer. SP-45 Super Plasticizer utilized as a part of the test program was gotten
from suppliers in Hyderabad, Telangana and specific gravity with 1.152.
MD Ikramullah Khan, M Sravanthi and E Laxmi Prasanna
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S Glass Fiber. synthetic glass fiber consisting of extremely fine elements of glass that are
combined in yarn and woven into fabrics, these are Magnesium Aluminosilicate glasses (40%
higher than E-glass).
Water. The conditions specified in IS: 456-2000 state that "the water used for mixing, and
curing shall be clean and free from injurious amounts of oils, acids, alkalis, salts, sugar,
organic materials or other substances that may be deleterious to concrete or steel." Potable
water is generally considered satisfactory for mixing concrete and hence locally available
potable water was used for all purposes. The pH value of water, was in no case than 6 as
specified in the code.
Table 1 Properties of Portland cement
Table 2 Sieve analysis results of fine aggregate
Table 3 Sieve analysis of coarse aggregate
S.No Property Test Method Value
1 Fineness Modulus Sieve Analysis
(IS 2386-1963 Part 2)
7.07
2 Specific gravity Pycnometer
(IS 2386 -1963 Part 3)
2.59
3 Bulk Density (kg/m3) (IS 29386 -1963) 1366
S.no Property Test Method Test
Result
1 Specific Gravity specific gravity
bottle
(IS 4031-part11)
3.14
2 initial setting
time
Vicat apparatus
(IS 4031-part 5)
40 min
3 normal
consistency
vicat apparatus
(IS 4031-part 4)
34%
4 Fineness Sieve test on sieve
no.9
(IS 4031 -part 11)
5%
S.
No
Sieve
tube
Weight
retained
in gms
cumulati
ve weight
retained
cumulative
% weight
retained
%
percenta
ge
passing
1 10 0 0 0 100
2 4.75 4 4 0.4 99.6
3 2.36 8 12 1.2 99.8
4 1.18 93 103 10.5 89.3
5 600 394 499 49.9 50.1
6 300 389 889 88.8 6.14
7 150 102 990 99 0.2
8 pan 10 1000 nil 0
An Experimental Study of the Mechanical Properties of S Glass Fiber Reinforced High Strength
Concrete Partially Replacing Cement with Nano Silica
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Table 4 Properties of S Glass Fiber
Property Value
Filament Diameter (µm) 10±2.0
Moisture Content (%) 7.5±5.0
Strand Length (mm) 12±2.0
Density (g/cm3) 2.46
Tensile Strength (N/mm2) 4028-4650
Modulus of Elasticity (N/mm2) 89000
Ultimate Strain (%) 3
Figure 1 S Glass Fiber
Table 5 Properties of Nano Silica
Test Item Standard Requirements Test Results
Specific Surface Area ( M2/G) 200 + 20 202
Ph value 3.7 – 4.5 4.12
Loss on Drying @ 105 DEG.C (5) <1. 5 0.47
Loss on Ignition @ 1000 DEG.C (%) <2.0 0.66
Sieve Residue (5) <0. 04 0.02
Tamped Density g/L 40 – 60 44
SiO2 Content ( % ) > 99. 8 99.88
Carbon Content (%) <0. 15 0.06
Chloride Content (%) <0. 0202 0.009
Al2O3 <0. 03 0.005
TiO2 < 0. 02 0.004
Fe2O3 < 0. 003 0.001
Specific Gravity 2. 2 – 2. 4
Particle Size 17 NANO
Figure 2 Nano silica
MD Ikramullah Khan, M Sravanthi and E Laxmi Prasanna
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3.2. Casting Schedule
Mix Design. In the present experimental investigation, M40 grade of concrete designed as per
IS: 10262 – 2009.
Cocncrete mix ratio: 1 : 1.97 : 3.58
Water Cement Ratio: 0.40
Various percentages of S glass fiber with 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1% by weight and 2%
Nano silica in cement.
0% SGF mix in the present work is taken as conventional mix.
I0 Conventional/Control Mix
I1 Concrete with 2% Nano Silica and 0% S Glass fiber
I2 Concrete with 2% Nano Silica and 0.25% S Glass fiber
I3 Concrete with 2% Nano Silica and 0.5% S Glass fiber
I4 Concrete with 2% Nano Silica and 0.75% S Glass fiber
I5 Concrete with 2% Nano Silica and 1% S Glass fiber
Casting of Test Samples. The program consisted of casting and testing a total number of 66
specimens. In this 36 cubes of 150x150x150mm and 15 Beams of 700x100x150mm and 15
cylinders with dimensions of 300x150mm were used.
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
4.1. Workability
Table 6 Slump Value for Different Concrete Mix
S.No. Mix ID Slump (mm)
1 I0 conventional 87
2 I1 84
3 I2 82
4 I3 82
5 I4 79
6 I5 75
Figure 3 Slump Values For Different Concrete Mix
65
70
75
80
85
90
I0 I1 I2 I3 I4 I5
SLU
MP
VA
LUE(
mm
)
Concrete mix I. D
WORKABILITY
WORKABILITY
An Experimental Study of the Mechanical Properties of S Glass Fiber Reinforced High Strength
Concrete Partially Replacing Cement with Nano Silica
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As represented in the above Figure 3 and Table 6, the workability of the different mix
decreases with the increase in fiber content.
4.2. Compressive Strength
Table 7 Comparison of 7 and 28 days Compressive Strength of Different Concrete Mix
CONCRETE
MIX I.D
7Days
Compressive
strength of
cubes(Mpa)
Average
Compressive
Strength of
Cubes for 7 days
(MPa)
28 Days
Compressive
strength of
cubes(Mpa)
Average
Compressive
Strength of
Cubes for 28
days (MPa)
I0
32.44
32.88
48.88
48.88 32.88 49.33
33.33 50.66
I1
35.11
35.55
50.66
51.11 36 51.55
35.55 51.11
I2
36.44
36.66
54.66
54.66 36.88 55.55
38.66 55.11
I3
38.22
38.66
56.44
56.88 38.66 56.88
39.11 57.33
I4
35.11
35.11
51.55
52 34.66 52
35.55 52.44
I5
33.33
33.77
48.44
49.95 33.77 49.77
34.22 50.22
Figure 4 Comparison of 7 and 28 days Compressive Strength of Different Concrete Mix
By adding S glass fibers by weight of mix by 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% & 1% and 2%
nano silica the maximum optimum dosage of fiber in S glass fiber reinforced concrete by
compressive strength on cubes is obtained at 0.5% S glass fiber and 2% nano silica.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
I0 I1 I2 I3 I4 I5
CO
MP
RES
SIV
E ST
REN
GTH
(Mp
a)
DIFFERENT PROPORTIONS OF CONCRETE
7 DAYS
28 DAYS
MD Ikramullah Khan, M Sravanthi and E Laxmi Prasanna
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Table 8 Percentage Change of Compressive Strength for 7 and 28 Days
COCNCRETE
MIX I.D
7 DAYS 28 DAYS
I1 8.12% 4.5%
I2 11.49% 11.8%
I3 17.57% 16.36%
I4 6.78% 6.38%
I5 2.70% 1.37%
4.3. Split Tensile Strength
Table 9 28 Days Split Tensile Strength
COCNCRETE MIX I.D 28 days split tensile strength Average(Mpa)
I0 M40(conventional mix) 4.24 4.38
4.38
4.52
I1 4.52 4.66
4.66
4.81
I2 4.6 4.86
4.8
5.20
I3 5.37 5.56
5.51
5.80
I4 5.84 6.23
6.24
6.63
I5 5.15 5.136
5.20
5.06
Table 10 Percentage Change in Tensile Strength for 28 Days
COCNCRETE MIX I.D 28 Days Change in Strength
I1 6.4%
I2 10.95%
I3 26.94%
I4 42.23%
I5 17.26%
By adding S glass fibers by weigh of cement by 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% & 1% and 2%
nano silica the maximum optimum dosage of fiber in S glass fiber reinforced concrete by split
tensile strength on cylinder is obtained at 0.75% S glass fiber and 2% nano silica.
An Experimental Study of the Mechanical Properties of S Glass Fiber Reinforced High Strength
Concrete Partially Replacing Cement with Nano Silica
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Figure 5 28 Days Split Tensile Test for Different Concrete Mix
4.4. Flexural Strength
Table 11 28 Days Flexural Strength
Designation 28 days flexural strength Average(Mpa)
I0 3.55 3.906
3.91
4.26
I1 4.26
4.503 4.44
4.8
I2 5.3 5.1
4.9
5.1
I3 5.15 5.39
5.33
5.68
I4 5.8 6.03
6
6.3
I5 5.65 5.66
5.42
6.01
Table 12 Percentage Change in Flexural Strength for 28 days
WF 28 days change in strength
I1 15.28%
I2 30.7%
I3 38.25%
I4 54.6%
I5 45.12%
.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
I1 I2 I3 I4 I5
SPLI
T TE
NSI
LE S
TREN
GTH
(M
pa)
DIFFERENT CONCRETE PROPORTIONS
28 DAYS SPLIT TENSILE TEST
MD Ikramullah Khan, M Sravanthi and E Laxmi Prasanna
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Figure 1 28 Days Flexural Test for Different Concrete Mix
By adding S glass fibers by weigh of cement by 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% & 1% and 2%
Nano silica the maximum optimum dosage of fiber in S glass fiber reinforced concrete by
flexural strength on beams is obtained at 0.75% S glass fiber and 2% Nano silica.
5. CONCLUSIONS
The maximum optimum dosage of fiber in glass fiber reinforced concrete by compressive test
on cube is obtained at 0.5% S glass fiber and 2% Nano silica. The average 7 days compressive
strength is 38.66MPa and 28 days compressive strength is 56.88MPa.
Up to 0.5% S glass fiber and 2% nano silica, there is a gradual increase in Strength at 28 days
similar to the compressive strength of 7 days. And then there is a gradual decrease of
compressive strength. This may be due to increase of fibrous material in concrete. From the
test results it indicates that there is an increase of about 17% of compressive strength by
utilization of 0.5% S glass fiber and 2% nano silica.
The maximum optimum dosage of fiber in glass fiber reinforced concrete by split tensile test
on cylinder is obtained at 0.75% S glass fiber and 2% Nano silica. The average 28 days split
tensile strength is 6.23 MPa.
From the test results it indicates that there is an increase of about 42% of tensile strength by
utilization of 0.75% S glass fiber and 2% Nano silica.
The maximum optimum dosage of fiber in glass fiber reinforced concrete by flexural test on
beam is obtained at 0.75% S glass fiber and 2% Nano silica. The average 28 days split tensile
strength is 6.03 MPa.
From the test results it indicates that there is an increase of about 54% of flexural strength by
utilization of 0.75% S glass fiber and 2% Nano silica.
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Concrete Partially Replacing Cement with Nano Silica
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 1408 [email protected]
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