Compare the Chinese ethical systems that arose in the late Zhou period

Describe the impact of the Qin Dynasty on Chinese history

SOL Objective: describe China, with emphasis on the development of an empire and the construction of the Great Wall

SOL Objective: describe the impact of Confucianism and Daoism

Zhou Dynasty 1045 B.C.E. – invade China Use Mandate of Heaven and Feudalism

Conflict 700 B.C.E.- Feudalism breaks down 700 B.C.E- 453 B.C.E- Warring States period

Need for order Led to questioning what was the best way to keep

order in society Three Philosophies: Confucianism, Daoism,

Legalism

1st Confucius Sour look Life was sour Present was out of step with the

past

2nd Buddha Bitter look Life was suffering

3rd Lao-Tse Smiling World was teacher of valuable

lessons Natural result of living

harmoniously was happiness Life when understood is sweet

not sour and bitter

Kongfuzi- Confucius 551 B.C.E.- 479 B.C.E. Saw rulers needed to govern

wisely Changes needed for peace

Teachings Goal: peaceful and just society Society best when all people

acted properly 5 basic relationships:

Ruler-subject Husband-wife Father-son Older sibling- younger Sibling Friend- friend

Authority figures must set good examples

Do not do to others what you would not want done to you

Influence of Confucianism The Analects Han Dynasty

Civil servants hired for ability instead of birthright

Civil service exams Influenced Chinese culture

Respect for elders Proper behavior Love of scholarship

Laozi (Lao-Tzu) Author of Dao De Jing (The

Classic of the Way and its Power)

Legend? 500s B.C.E. ?

Teachings Ancient idea of the Dao, or “the

way” The force that gave order to the

natural universe People gained happiness and

peace by living in harmony with nature

Nature full of opposites Follow nature by meditation Accept whatever comes Must discover on your own Government should interfere the

least

Influence Encouraged rulers to govern less More significant impact on

Thought Writing Art Developed into a religion

Hanfeizi 280-233 B.C.E. Prince of a royal family Book called Hanfeizi

Teachings Based on idea that people are

naturally selfish Pursue self-interests

Not enough for rulers to rule by example

Strict laws Harsh punishments People that critize government

should be banished Rulers should have absolute

power Trust no one, even family

Influence Qin Dynasty used Legalism to

build a strong central government

Adopted strict policies

Confucianism Daoism Legalism

Social order, harmony, and good government should be based on family relationships

Natural order is more important than the social order

A highly efficient and powerful government is the key to social order

Respect for parents and elders is important to a well-ordered society

A universal force that guides all things

Punishments are useful to maintain social order

Education is important to both the welfare of the individual and society

Human beings should live simply and in harmony with nature

Thinkers and their ideas should be strictly controlled by the government

A: author P: place and time P: prior knowledge

What was going on that LED author to write it? A: audience

Who was it written for? R: reason it was written

Why did the author write it? T: the main idea

What is the main idea of the source? S: significance

Why is it importance?

Replaced Zhou Dynasty in third century B.C.E. Shi Huangdi

“First emperor” 221 B.C.E. Defeated invaders and crushed internal resistance Doubled China’s size Wanted to unify China

Had to crush political opposition Policy of “strengthening the trunk and weakening the branches”

All nobles families forced to live in the capital city Seized their land, created 36 administrative districts Silenced opposition by murdering hundreds of Confucian scholars Burned “useless” books Established an autocracy- government in which ruler has unlimited

power

Highway network of 4,000 miles

Peasants forced to work on roads

Trade blossomed Merchants became a new

prominent class Uniform standards for

Writing 9,000 approved characters

Law Detailed laws and punishments

Currency Metal coins of bronze or gold Hole in center

Weights and Measures Measuring cups Standardized weights

Irrigation projects increased farm production

Qin Dynasty unpopular Harsh taxes Repressive government

Zhou Dynasty had built small walls to discourage attacks from invaders

Focused on northern border

Shi Huangdi wanted to close gaps and unify wall 1,400 miles

Used 100,000s of peasants to build

Die or build wall Difficult conditions Thousands died Wall worked

Peasants rebelled three years after Shi’s son took control of the Dynasty One of the leaders of the rebellions from the

land of Han marched on capital in 202 B.C.E. Would lead to the Han Dynasty

Afraid of dying Wanted to be immortal Searched for magic potion

Xian Emperor’s tomb Terra cotta army Discovered in 1974 C.E.

Was Shi Huangdi a good or bad ruler? Create a thesis statement Create information list Create outline

Good Ruler Characteristics Bad Ruler Characteristics

Introduction Paragraph State thesis Briefly describe main points

Paragraph 2 Main point # 2

Paragraph 3 Main point # 3

Paragraph 4 Main point # 4

Conclusion Restate conclusion Summarize main points

Compare the Chinese ethical systems that arose in the late Zhou period

Describe the impact of the Qin Dynasty on Chinese history

Why was the Great Wall of China built? Line of defense against invaders

What were contributions of Classical China? Civil service exam Paper Porcelain silk

Why were Confucianism and Daoism important in the formation of Chinese culture? Confucianism Daoism

Belief that Humans are good HumilityRespect for elders simple life and inner peaceCode of Politeness (still used today) harmony with natureEmphasis on EducationAncestor Worship

Stearns Chapter 2 Outline

Continue working on Notecards for SS Fair Project

Coming up: Essay #2 , Classical India/China Exam