CHAPTER 7

India and China Establish Empire

Vocabulary Mauryan Empire: Empire that united India after

Alexander the Great Askoa: Indian ruler who changed religion to

Buddhism due to violence (100,000 Kalinga) Tamil Region: Southern Tip of India Gupta Empire: 2nd major empire in India (northern) Patriarchal/Matriarchal: Family lead by eldest

male/eldest female Silk Roads: Trade routs from China-West (Silk) Civil Service: Government jobs obtained by taking

examinations Han Dynasty: Ruled China for 400 years (After Qin) Assimilation: The process of making conquered

people part of the “native” culture

First Empire of India

Chandragupta Maurya Builds an Empire Chandragupta unifies North India Defeated Selecus to gain control of all northern India

Running the Empire Formed a bureaucracy to rule over various parts of

the empire

Asoka Promotes Buddhism Took over for his father in 301 B.C.

Waged a long war to expand his kingdom to the south, over 200,000 killed

Turned to nonviolent Buddhism to atone for slaughter

Improved system of roads

Kingdom broke apart after Asoka died

The Gupta Empire

Chandra Gupta Builds an Empire Formed a second Empire 500 years after the fall of

the Mauryan Empire

Daily Life in India Most people lived in small villages Families were patriarchal, or head by the eldest

male Most people, farmed, water was always a concern

(Monsoons)

Height of the Gupta Empire

Chandra Gupta II rules for 40 years

Scholars achieved many advances in math, science, and the arts

Silk Road: Trade routes brought new ideas to India and spread Indian advancements to other regions Cultural Diffusion Occurs

Kingdom broke up by nomadic invaders in 535 A.D.

Change in India: Religion Buddhism and Hinduism loose followers New Buddhism

Mahayana: New reformed teachings of Buddha Theravada: Original teachings of Buddha

New Hinduism One divine force and Gods represent parts of the

force Brahma: Creator Vishnu: Preserver Shiva: Destroyer

Han Emperors In ChinaChapter 7:3

Han Emperors in China

The Han Dynasty Restores Unity of China

The Founding of the Han Dynasty 202 BCLiu Bang defeats all opponents in civil war

fall of Qin Dynasty Established a Centralized Government,

where one government controls empireLowered taxes, ended legalist ruleFuture emperors expanded border almost

to present day location

A Highly Structured Government

Structures of Han GovernmentFormed a complicated bureaucracy

Confucianism, the Road to SuccessHopeful civil service workers would be

hired based on their knowledge of Confucianism

Only wealthy sons could afford the necessary education

Han Technology, Commerce and Culture

Technology revolutionizes Chinese Life Paper invented

105 AD Improved

agricultural tools wheelbarrow plow grain mill

Agriculture Versus Commerce Agriculture considered

most important occupation

Government established monopolies, (total control over industry)

Silk was the most important industry Wanted in the West

Unifying Chinese Culture

Chinese encouraged assimilation, bringing conquered people into Chinese culture

Trained scholars and foreigners in Confucianism

Women encouraged to stay at home and be obedient