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21. State the variation of hoop stress in a thick cylinder. The hoop stress is maximum at the inner circumference and minimum at the outercircumference of a thick cylinder.22. How can you reduce hoop stress in a thick cylinder. The hoop stress in thick cylinders are reduced by shrinking one cylinder over another

cylinder.1. What are the types of failures?1. Brittle failure: Failure of a material represents direct separation of particles fromeach other,accompanied by considerable deformation.2. uctile failure: !lipping of particles accompanied, by considerable plasticdeformations.2.List out dierent theories of failure1. "aximum #rincipal !tress Theory. $ %akine& s theory'2. "aximum #rincipal !train Theory. $ !t. (enant& s theory'). "aximum !hear !tress Theory. $ Tresca& s theory or *uest& s theory '+. "aximum !hear !train Theory. $(on "ises- encky theory or istortion energytheory'/. "aximum !train 0nergy Theory. $Beltrami Theory or aigh& s theory'

20. Dene ! "ctahedral Stresses plane, hich is e3ually inclined to the three axes of reference, is called octahedralplane. The normal and shearing stress acting on this plane are called octahedralstresses.

1. What are the assu#ptions #ade in the analysis of curved $ars?a.#lane sections remain plane during bending.b.The material obeys ooke& s la.c.%adial strain is negligible.d.The 4bres are free to expand or contract ithout any constraining e5ect from thead6acent 4bres.

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11. What is shear centre or an%le of twist? The shear centre for any transverse section of the beam is the point of intersection of the bending axis and the plane of the transverse section.12. Who postulated the theory of curved $ea#?7inkler-Bach postulated the theory of curved beam.1&. What is the shape of distri$ution of $endin% stress in a curved $ea#?

 The distribution of bending stress is hyperbolic in a curved beam.1'. Where does the neutral a(is lie in a curved $ea#?

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 The neutral axis does not coincide ith the geometric axis.1). What is the nature of stress in the inside section of a crane hook? Tensile stress1*. Where does the #a(i#u# stress in a rin% under tension occur? The maximum stress in a ring under tension occurs along the line of action of load.

1+. What is the #ost suita$le section for a crane8 Trape9oidal section.1,. What is pure $endin% of a $ea#?7hen the loads pass through the bending axis of a beam, then there shall be purebending of the beam.

-H/ /L3D4STwo marks questions1. State Lame’s Theory.2. What is compound cylinder?3. What is shrinkage allowance?

4. What are the resultant stresses?. What is the di!!erence "etween the thin cylinder and thick cylinders?#. $ow many types o! stresses are de%eloped in thick cylinders? &ame them.'. What would happen i! we not gi%e the shrinkage allowance?(. What are the hoop stress?). Write down the applications o! thick cylinders?1*. What should "e done i! we ha%e to make shrink+!itted cylinder?

/H56-4! 2 -H"4 "7 75L84Two marks questions1. What do you under "y the term ,Theories o! !ailure-?2. Name the important theories of failure?

3. e!ine and e/plain 0a/imum principal stress theory.4. State distortion energy theory !or !ailure.. e!ine and e/plain the 0a/imum principal strain theory.#. e!ine and e/plain the 0a/imum shear stress theory.'. e!ine and e/plain the 0a/imum strain energy theory.(. e!ine and e/plain the 0a/imum shear strain energy theory.). &ame the theories o! !ailures sutia"le !or ductile materials.1*. What is the necessity o! theory o! !ailure.

/H56-4 )! 93D3: "7 /84;D 95<S 53D SH54 S-4SSDS-498-"3

-wo <arks =uestions1. What things should be kept in mind during the fabrication of chain

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link?

2. What would be the effect on maximum stress, if a small cut is made in

a closed ring at the horizontal diameter?

3. What are the assumptions made in the analysis of curved beams?

4. Where will be the maximum stress in a ring under tension?5. What is the statement of curved beam theory?

6. What will be nature of stress at the inside surface of crane hook?

7. What is the position of neutral axis in a curved beam?

8. What type of distribution of bending stresses occur in curved beam?

9. Who postulated the theory of curved beam?

10.Which section is most suitable for the crane hook?

5ssi%n#ent 3o.)

93D3: "7 /84;D 95<S 53D SH54 S-4SS DS-498-"31. What are the assumptions made in the analysis of curved beams?

2. Where will be the maximum stress in a ring under tension?

3. What is the statement of curved beam theory?

4. What will be nature of stress at the inside surface of crane hook?

5. What is the position of neutral axis in a curved beam?