Amis Science Vocabulary
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Transcript of Amis Science Vocabulary
Science Vocabulary
Antennae Features on an
arthropod’s head that responds to touch, taste, or smell
Asymmetrical Symmetry Without symmetry
Bilateral symmetry A body plan in which
two halves of an organism’s body are mirror images of each other.
Carnivore A consumer that eats
the flesh of other animals.
Camouflage The coloration and/or
texture that enables the animal to blend in with its environment.
Circadian rhythm A natural, daily cycle
Coelom A cavity in the body
of some animals where the gut and organs are located.
Compound Eye An eye that is made
of many, identical, light sensitive cells that work together.
Consumer Any organism that
eats producers or other organisms for energy.
Ectotherm An animal whose
body temperature fluctuates with the environment’s temperature.
Endotherm An animal that
maintains a constant body temperature.
Exoskeleton An external skeleton
made of protein and chitin.
Endoskeleton An internal skeleton
Ganglia Groups of nerve cells
Gills Organs that remove
oxygen from the water and carbon dioxide from the blood
Head The body part of
animals where the brain is located
Host An organism on
which a parasite lives
Invertebrate An animal without a
backbone
Mandible A jaw found on some
arthropods
Medusa A body form of some
cnidarians; resembles a mushroom with tentacles.
Metamorphosis The process in which
an insect or other animal changes form as it develops from an embryo or larva to an adult
Multicellular Made of many cells
Open circulatory system A circulatory system
consisting of a heart that pumps blood through spaces called sinuses.
Organ A combination of two
or more tissues that work together to perform a specific function in the body.
Parasite An organism that
feeds on a living creature, usually not killing it.
Pheromone A chemical produced
by animals for communication.
Polyp A body form of some
cnidarians; resembles a vase.
Predator An organism that
hunts and eats another animal
Prey The animal being
hunted and eaten
Radial Symmetry the condition of
having similar parts regularly arranged around a central axis
Segment a separate piece of
something
Thorax the middle of the
three chief divisions of the body of an insect; also : the corresponding part of a crustacean or an arachnid
Vertebrate Having a bone and
skull Also having internal
skeleton
Water Vascular System a system of canals in
echinoderms containing a circulating watery fluid that is used for the movement of the tentacles and tube feet
Regenerate formed or created
again
When split, sponges can regenerate
Radula a horny band or
ribbon in mollusks other than bivalves that bears minute chitinous teeth on its dorsal surface and scrapes or tears off food and draws it into the mouth
Foot of Mollusks The extension of a
mollusk’s body that helps it to dig into the soil.
Foot of Mollusk
Jointed limbs Limbs with joints
Sessile permanently attached
or established : not free to move about
Nocturnal Is active in night and
sleeps through the day
Crop a pouched enlargement of
the gullet of many birds that serves as a receptacle for food and for its preliminary maceration; also : an enlargement of the gullet of another animal (as an insect)
Porifera Sponges. Asymmetrical. Its structure are hard
fibers called Spicules. As adults they are
sessile.
Cnidaria (Coelenterates) Sea Anemones,
hydra, coral, and jellyfish.
Radial symmetry Inner layer and outer
layer 2 Body forms
Polyp Medusa
Nematodes any of a phylum
(Nematoda or Nemata) of elongated cylindrical worms parasitic in animals or plants or free-living in soil or water -- called also roundworm
Platyhelminthes Flatworm
Annelids any of a phylum
(Annelida) of usually elongated segmented coelomate invertebrates (as earthworms and leeches)
Mullusca Snails, Slugs,
bivalves, octopus, squids, and chambered nautilus.
Vilateral symmetry Visceral mass Foot or tentacle Mantle
Univalves a mollusk with a shell
consisting of one valve; especially : Gastropod
Bivalves any of a class (Bivalvia
syn. Pelecypoda) of typically marine mollusks (as clams, oysters, or scallops) that have a 2-valved hinged shell, are usually filter feeders, and lack a distinct head
Cephalopods any of a class of marine
mollusks including the squids, cuttlefishes, and octopuses that move by expelling water from a tubular siphon under the head and that have a group of muscular usually sucker-bearing arms around the front of the head, highly developed eyes, and usually a sac containing ink which is ejected for defense or concealment
Arthropods any of a phylum
(Arthropoda) of invertebrate animals (as insects, arachnids, and crustaceans) that have a segmented body and jointed appendages, a usually chitinous exoskeleton molted at intervals, and a dorsal anterior brain connected to a ventral chain of ganglia
Chilopeds arthropods having the
trunk composed of numerous somites each bearing one pair of legs: centipedes
diplopods millipede
Insecta insects; about five-
sixths of all known animal species
Crustaceans any of a large class
(Crustacea) of mostly aquatic mandibulate arthropods that have a chitinous or calcareous and chitinous exoskeleton, a pair of often much modified appendages on each segment, and two pairs of antennae and that include the lobsters, shrimps, crabs, wood lice, water fleas, and barnacles
Arachnids any of a class (Arachnida)
of arthropods comprising chiefly terrestrial invertebrates, including the spiders, scorpions, mites, and ticks, and having a segmented body divided into two regions of which the anterior bears four pairs of legs but no antennae
Echinoderms any of a phylum
(Echinodermata) of radially symmetrical coelomate marine animals including the starfishes, sea urchins, and related forms
Tentacles any of various
elongate flexible usually tactile or prehensile processes borne by animals and especially invertebrates chiefly on the head or about the mouth
Spicules A small needlelike
structure or part, such as one of the silicate or calcium carbonate processes supporting the soft tissue of certain invertebrates, especially sponges.
Nematocysts one of the stinging
organelles of coelenterates used in catching prey
Asexual involving or
reproducing by reproductive processes (as cell division, spore formation, fission, or budding) that do not involve the union of individuals or gametes
Hermaphroditic an animal or plant
having both male and female reproductive organs
Setae a slender usually rigid
or bristly and springy organ or part of an animal or plant
Osculum The mouth like
opening in a sponge, used to expel water
Planeria free-swimming
mostly freshwater flatworms; popular in laboratory studies for the ability to regenerate lost parts
Tapeworm any of a class
(Cestoda) of bilaterally symmetrical flatworms parasitic especially in the intestines of vertebrates -- called also cestode
Fluke a flattened digenetic
trematode worm
Leeches any of numerous
carnivorous or bloodsucking usually freshwater annelid worms (class Hirudinea) that have typically a flattened lanceolate segmented body with a sucker at each end
Hydra any of numerous
small tubular freshwater hydrozoan polyps (Hydra and related genera) having at one end a mouth surrounded by tentacles
Centipedes any of a class
(Chilopoda) of long flattened many-segmented predaceous arthropods with each segment bearing one pair of legs of which the foremost pair is modified into poison fangs
Millipedes any of a class
(Diplopoda) of myriapod arthropods having usually a cylindrical segmented body covered with hard integument, two pairs of legs on most apparent segments, and unlike centipedes no poison fangs
Abdomen the part of the body
between the thorax and the pelvis; also : the cavity of this part of the trunk containing the chief viscera
Closed circulatory system Where blood flows
freely throughout the body instead of in veins and eventually finds its way to the heart by diffusion.
Gut the inner essential
parts, especially the intestine or stomach
Nerve Ring
Visceral Mass The place where all
the organs are in mollusks
Mantle The soft outer wall
lining the shell of a tunicate or barnacle
Incomplete Metamorphosis Only go through the
stages egg, nymph, and adult
Gizzard the muscular enlargement
of the alimentary canal of birds that has usually thick muscular walls and a tough horny lining for grinding the food and when the crop is present follows it and the proventriculus
Intestine the tubular part of the
alimentary canal that extends from the stomach to the anus
Trilobite any of numerous
extinct Paleozoic marine arthropods (group Trilobita) having the segments of the body divided by furrows on the dorsal surface into three lobes
Flagella any of various
elongated filiform appendages of plants or animals
Larvae the immature, wingless,
and often wormlike feeding form that hatches from the egg of many insects, alters chiefly in size while passing through several molts, and is finally transformed into a pupa or chrysalis from which the adult emerges
Coral a polyp or polyp
colony together with its membranes and skeleton
Sea anemone any of numerous
usually solitary anthozoan polyps (order Actiniaria) whose form, bright and varied colors, and cluster of tentacles superficially resemble a flower
Anus the posterior opening
of the alimentary canal
Mouth the natural opening
through which food passes into the body of an animal and which in vertebrates is typically bounded externally by the lips and internally by the pharynx and encloses the tongue, gums, and teet
Aortic Arches one of the arterial
branches in vertebrate embryos that exist in a series of pairs with one on each side of the embryo, connect the ventral arterial system lying anterior to the heart to the dorsal arterial system above the alimentary tract, and persist in adult fishes but are reduced or much modified in the adult of higher forms
Marine of or relating to the
sea
Digestion the process of making
food absorbable by dissolving it and breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds that occurs in the living body chiefly through the action of enzymes secreted into the alimentary canal
Circulatory of or relating to
circulation or the circulatory system
Respiratory the physical and chemical
processes by which an organism supplies its cells and tissues with the oxygen needed for metabolism and relieves them of the carbon dioxide formed in energy-producing reactions
Reproductive of, relating to, or
capable of reproduction
Excretory of, relating to, or
functioning in excretion
Internal Fertilization Fertilizing the egg
inside the body
External Fertilization Laying eggs then
fertilizing it
Gastropod any of a large class
(Gastropoda) of mollusks (as snails and slugs) usually with a univalve shell or none and a distinct head bearing sensory organs
The End