Physical Science Vocabulary
description
Transcript of Physical Science Vocabulary
PHYSICAL S
CIENCE
VOCABULARY
W E E K 10
1) HYDROGENSymbol – HAtomic Number – 1Combines with oxygen to form
water
2) HELIUMSymbol – HeAtomic number – 2Was used to make the first gas
lasers
3) LITHIUMSymbol – LiAtomic number – 3Used to make small batteries
for cameras, calculators and pacemakers
4) BERYLLIUMSymbol – BeAtomic number – 4Found naturally in gems; gives
emeralds their color
5) BORONSymbol – BAtomic number – 5Used to make heat resistant
glass like Pyrex.
6) CARBONSymbol – CAtomic number – 6Makes diamonds
7) NITROGENSymbol – NAtomic number – 7Makes up 78% of air.
8) OXYGENSymbol – OAtomic number – 8Used as liquid rocket fuel.
9) FLUORINESymbol – FAtomic number – 9Used in spray cans.
10) NEONSymbol – NeAtomic number – 10Used in lights because it glows
orange or red
1) SODIUMSymbol – NaAtomic Number – 11Sodium is used to transfer heat out
of nuclear reactors.
2) MAGNESIUMSymbol – MgAtomic Number – 12Magnesium is used in fireworks and
flares because it gives off a bright white light when it burns.
3) ALUMINUMSymbol – AlAtomic Number – 13Aluminum is used in airplane
wings.
4) SILICONSymbol – SiAtomic Number – 14Silicon makes up flint, which Native
Americans used for tools and weapons.
5) PHOSPHORUSSymbol – PAtomic number - 15Phosphorus is used to make things
glow.
6) SULFURSymbol – SAtomic Number – 16Sulfur is used in gunpowder.
7) CHLORINESymbol – ClAtomic Number – 17Chlorine was used in World War I as
a poison gas.
8) ARGONSymbol – ArAtomic Number – 18Argon is the gas used to fill light
bulbs and fluorescent bulbs.
9) POTASSIUMSymbol – KAtomic Number – 19Potassium is used to make
explosives.
10) CALCIUMSymbol – CaAtomic Number – 20Calcium is a major component in
marble.
VOCABULARY
W E E K 12
1) PURE SUBSTANCE
Made from one type of atom or one type of molecule only
2) COMPOUND
Made of more than one type of atom bonded together; pure
3) MIXTURE
Two or more elements or compounds combined physically; not pure
4) IRON
Atomic Number – 26Symbol – FeIron is used to make magnets.
5) NICKEL
Atomic Number – 28Symbol – NiNickel only makes up 25% of a
nickel.
6) COPPER
Atomic Number – 29Symbol – CuPennies are only coated in
copper.
7) SILVER
Atomic number – 47Symbol – AgSilver compounds are used to
‘seed’ clouds and make rain.
8) GOLD
Atomic number – 79Symbol – AuGold, silver and copper are all
in the same group, 11.
VOCABULARY
W E E K 11
9) MERCURY
Atomic number – 80Symbol – HgMercury is the only metal that
is a liquid at room temperature.
10) LEAD
Atomic number – 82Symbol – PbOxides of lead are used to
make crystal.
VOCABULARY
W E E K 13
1) COVALENT BONDA chemical bond formed by
the sharing of one or more electrons, especially pairs of electrons, between atoms.
2) IONIC BONDA chemical bond between
two ions with opposite charges, characteristic of salts. Also called electrovalent bond.
3) VALENCE ELECTRONAn electron in an outer shell
of an atom that can participate in forming chemical bonds with other atoms.
4) CHEMICAL BONDAny of several forces,
especially the ionic bond, covalent bond, and metallic bond, by which atoms or ions are bound in a molecule or crystal.
5) CHEMICAL REACTIONa process that involves
changes in the structure and energy content of atoms, molecules, or ions
6) CHEMICAL FORMULAa representation of a
substance using symbols for its elements parts
7) CHEMICAL EQUATIONa representation of a
chemical reaction using symbols of the elements to indicate the amount of substance of each reactant and product
8) REACTANTA substance participating in
a chemical reaction, especially a directly reacting substance present at the initiation of the reaction.
9) PRODUCTA substance resulting from
a chemical reaction.
10) LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASSa fundamental principle of
physics that matter cannot be created or destroyed
VOCABULARY
W E E K 14
1) ELEMENT
Pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substance by any ordinary chemical means
2) COMPOUND
A pure substance that forms when two or more elements join chemically
3) MIXTURE
A type of matter that forms when two or more substance combine without joining together chemically
4) HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE
A combination of substances in which different components are easily observed
5) HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE
A combination of substances in which the appearance and properties are the same throughout
6) COEFFICIENT
A number written before a chemical formula which shows how many molecules of a compound are present
7) SUBSCRIPT
A small number written to the right and slightly below a chemical symbol to tell the number of atoms of that element in the substance
8) PHYSICAL CHANGE
Altering the physical properties of a substance without changing the identity of the substance
9) CHEMICAL CHANGE
Occurs when a substance is changed into a new substance with different properties
10) ATOMIC MASS
The number of protons plus the number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
VOCABULARY
W E E K 15
1) ENERGY
The ability to do work or cause changes to occur
2) WORK
Application of a force to an object to move it a certain distance in the direction of the force
3) MECHANICAL ENERGY
The energy associated with the motion of an object
4) THERMAL ENERGY
Total amount of energy in all of the particle contained in a sample of matter
5) HEAT
The transfer of thermal energy between two objects at different temperatures
6) CHEMICAL ENERGY
The energy that is stored in chemical bonds
7) ELECTRICAL ENERGY
The energy that results from the flow of moving charges
8) ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY
Energy resulting from the motion of the charged particles within atoms
9) SOUND ENERGY
Energy given off by a vibrating object
10) NUCLEAR ENERGY
The energy stored in the nucleus of an atom as a result of strong nuclear forces
VOCABULARY
W E E K 16
1) KINETIC ENERGYEnergy resulting from the motion of
an object
2) POTENTIAL ENERGYStored energy
3) LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGYStates that while energy may be
changed from one form to another, energy is neither created nor destroyed
4) FRICTIONA force that opposes the motion of
an object
5) SCIENTIFIC QUESTIONA precise question that can be
answered through observation, measurement, testing or analysis
6) SCIENTIFIC METHODA series of organized steps that
guide the investigative process
7) HYPOTHESISA possible answer to a scientific
question
8) EXPERIMENTA procedure designed to test a
hypothesis
9) VARIABLEAny factor that can affect the
results of an experiment
10) CONTROL GROUPExperimental setup that represents
the norm and shows what would happen in the absence of any changes regarding the independent variable.