CURRENT TRENDS

1. What effect does water contamination have on the fuel oil used for firing an auxiliary boiler? 2. How are Double bottom tanks cleaned and inspected? 3. What pressure is maintained on Steam smothering lines ? 4. What is a fusible plug?

6. How was the Main engine turbo-charger of your ship lubricated?7. State the procedure for taking-over of a watch or handing-over of a watch. 8. How is a Boiler started from cold?

11. What are the indications of a leaking Air Starting valve? 12.What action will you take, if the exhaust temperature (of one unit) of the main engine is rising? 13. What action you will take, if the Main switch-board catches fire? 14. State your last Main Engine's specifications.15.Mention the checks on the steering gear.16.How can the power of a Diesel engine be increased?17.State the action you will take, when bridge informs you about possible bad weather.18. What is the use of the air vent, on Boiler.

20.What does a bunker checklist comprise of?21. What happens if fuel is under-heated or over-heated?22. Name and describe a few boiler mountings.23. What is the reason for a Ballast pump not taking suction?

26.How will you use a 136 litre Foam fire-extinguisher?27 .Describe the correct procedure for renewing a Gauge glass of a Boiler.

30. Why is main engine lubricating oil not used for auxiliary engines?

32.How will you start main engine lubricating oil pumps?

5. How are oil tanks vented. and what is tbe purpose of the flame screen on the' goose-neck' of the pipe? #

9. State the Boiler platform fire fighting appliances. 10. State the details of fire extinguishing media found on board Fixed and portable.

19.State any major problems on your last vessel and if you had any recurring problem.

24. What action will you take if the Oil Mist Detector' gives an alarm? How will you confirm the O.M.D. alarm is genuine?

25.What is the purpose of the air cock on the Boiler, and where is it fitted?

28.State reasons for the possibility of a scavenge fire and what action you will take.

29. What action will you take if the lube oil purifier overflows? (Even after taking this action, if it continues to overflow, what will you do ?)

31. What action will you take if the Boiler low water level alarm sounds?

35.What is ‘GRT' ? What was the value of GRT of your last ship?

37.How will you operate portable Chemical foam extinguishers?38, What may be the probable cause, of tbe Ballast Pump not taking

39. What is the working principle of a fixed foam instnl1ntion? What is the chemical name of the Foam forming solution?

41. What is the load line?42. State the advantages of super long stroke engines. .

44.Why are the Aft peak and Fore peak tanks not used for bunkers.?45.What is O.D.M.S.? .46.State the checks on running Air compressors.47. State the various type of cargo carried on vessels.

49.State the Boiler blow-down procedure.50.How will you fight a fire in the Purifier room?

52.How are boiler water tests carried out? What action will you take if chlorides are more?53. State the general requirements. as per SOLAS rules, for Life saving appliances (LSA) ?

55. What are the hazardsof working in enclosed spaces.56. What is meant by ‘Emulsification’ of oil? Is it desirable?

58. What is the care and maintenance to be done on the Compressed Air Breathing Apparatus ?

60. What are the requirements for reversal to take place for a marine engine?61 What is the material of the fire hoses?62. State the chemical reaction in a portable chemical foam fire extinguisher.63. What are the markings on the outside of the extinguisher body?64. Explain the principle of the working of an Explosimete.

33.How will you seat the rocker arm body on the cylinder head? How will you ascertain that the unit is .in the firing stroke?

. 34.How will you fight a fire on tbe Boiler platform? .

36. Why are quick closing valves provided? "

suction?

40.State the correct procedure for starting Cargo oil pumps and the care to be taken when opening steam valves.

43.State the specifications of a 136 litre Foam fire-extinguisher, i.e., length of the bose, jet length and so on.

48.State the procedure for entering the CO2 ,room. What checks you will carry out in the CO2 room?

51.What action will you take in case of 'Double ring' alarm' 'of Telegraph ( crash stop) ? What effect will it have on the main engine?

54. What would be the procedure for re-entry into the Machinery Space after flooding has taken place and the fire is extinguished?

57. Describe the weekly routines to be carried out on the CO2 flooding system.

59. What is the test for checking the sealing of the face mask in the SCBA?

65. How is Soot-blowing carried out in a Boiler and what is its purpose?66. Why are chemicals not stored on the Boiler flat?67. What precautions are taken in handling chemical?68. How would you store paints on board? What are the fire precautions taken to ensure safety? 69. Why is a water sprinkler system provided in the Paint locker?

LSA, FFA AND GENERAL SAFETY

1. Describe precautions to be taken before welding operations?2. How are Fires classified?

4. If Bilge level is rising in the Engine Room, what action will you take?5. State the safety feature (device) provided in the Soda Acid fire-extinguisher.6. Describe the operation of a 136 litre Foam (chemical) extinguisher.7. What are the fire hazards in machinery spaces?

10. Describe the safety features on the Engine Room Overhead Crane.

12.Where is the Breathing Apparatus stored?13.List the equipment stored in the ship's fire locker.14.State the purpose of an Isolating Valve in the Fire line.15.State various types, of Portable fire extinguishers available on board ships.16.When are portable fire extinguishers re-charged and how many charges are carried as spare?17.What is the bursting pressure of a portable Soda Acid Extinguisher?18. How are chemicals stored on vessels?19. What precautions are taken for storing paints and oil on board?

21 What is the purpose of dampers, detuners and moment compensators?

70. What steps Would you, as a 'Watch-keeping Engineer, take to ensure cleanliness in the engine-room and how would you instruct your watch in taking adequate safety precautions ?

3. State the working pressure and testing pressure of CO2 Portable extinguishers.

8. What is the Periodic maintenance of the CO2 Total flooding system?

9. If you are the only Senior Engineer present, on board ship in a port, and the night watch-keeping engineer reports, that the Engine Room is getting flooded. What action will you take?

11. Describe CO2 flooding system for Engine Room and Cargo Holds.

20 Give the details of Soda acid Extinguisher, viz. charging procedure, vent hole diameter and position.

22.While taking bunkers, if oil suddenly spills on deck, what action will you take?

23. What action you will take if the Engine Room is flooding?24. What safety is provided on the fire line on deck?25. What type of fire detectors are provided in the Engine Room?26. State the correct procedure for lowering a life boat?27. State Safety features on fire main line.

29. What is the safety device provided, on a Foam fire- extinguisher?

31. What is a double seated valve (in the Soda Acid Extinguisher) and explain its purpose?32. If the solution level in a Soda Acid Extinguisher is high/low, what would be the effect?

34. How will you extinguish an oil fire with water?

36 How do you recharge a spent fire extinguisher?37 What will you do if the Purifier Room catches fire?38 What is the difference between safety valve and relief valve?

40. What are the special fire fighting arrangements found, on the deck of an LPG carrier?

43. Briefly explain Marpol regulations.

46. How will you avoid a crankcase explosion? 47. What types of detectors are used in the Engine Room and in Cargo holds?

49 .Which equipments /machinery are connected to the emergency Switch board supply?

51 How do you use a 1361trs. Foam extinguisher?

28. How will you operate a 45 litre foam, fire-extinguisher? What is the ratio and quantity of foam formed?

30. Why is tappet clearance given in Diesel Engines? What are the effects of having less / more tappet clearance?

33.What are the items to be checked in the CO2 Room? At what temperature is CO2 stored in cylinders and why? What will be the effect of any temperature increase?

35. What will you do if the CO2 alarm sounds during your watch in the Engine Room?

39 State contents of the bottle in a Self Contained Breathing Apparatus? What is the capacity of the bottle and its weight?

. 41. State safeties provided in air vents, to prevent the ingress of water. 42. State the quantity of AL2 (SO4)3 and NAHC03 (in grams) in a chemical foam extinguisher and its operating pressure?

44. How is a D.C.P. Extinguisher operated? Can this be used on an oil rue and how?45. Define 'critical temperature' and what is it's importance in the storage of CO2 in cylinders.

48.What types of portable fire extinguishers are found in the Engine Room. State their method of operation.

50. What is a smoke detector and its principle of working?

52. State the chemical reactions which take place, when using a Soda Acid and a Foam extinguisher (portable type).

53. How do you distinguish between a Chemical foam and a Soda Acid Extinguisher t if their tags are removed?

55. If there is a fire in a cargo hold, how will you come to know?56. What is the purpose of ‘drip trays' ?

59. When does the warning whistle sound in the S.C.B.A?60. How will you fight a fire on the Main Switchboard?

62.Where is the Breathing Apparatus stored on vessels?63. How you will fight an oil fire in the Engine Room, by only using a jet nozzle?

65. How will you maintain 'general cleanliness’ in the Engine Room?66. State the precautions to be taken before welding work?

68 What is the maintenance to be carried out on Soda acid portable fire extinguishers?69 State the requirements relating to Fire pumps on cargo vessels.

MOTOR

1. What are the effects of worn bearings on the engine?2 What are magnetic filters, and what attention do they require?3 State the stages in the operation of a Diesel engine?4 What are the differences between Two stroke and Four stroke engines?5 How and why are tappet clearances taken?6 State the starting interlocks on the Main Engine.

9 Give reasons for main engine not starting on air.

11. How is a 'poker gauge' reading taken and what is its significance?12. How is a Purifier boxed back after overhaul?13. What checks are carried out on the Tail Shaft ?14. What is a Thrust Block. what is its purpose and where is it fitted?15. When are the safety cut outs of the Main Engine tried out and how often?

17. How will you reverse the Main engine. from full ahead/ full aster?

54. What is the duration of discharge, of a D.C.P. 4.5 kg. Extinguisher?

57. How will you extinguish an oil fire with water? .

58. Describe a CO2 Total flooding system for the Engine Room.

61. How is the CO2 flooding system of the Engine room tested?

64. Describe a CO2 detection and flooding system for Cargo Holds.

67. What are the methods of containment used, in case of a fire in the Ga11ey?

70 Why is the Emergency fire pump located in a location remote from the machinery spaces? .

7 From where will you draw lube oil samples, for analysis and what information is required to be furnished, to the laboratory ?

8 When blowing through the Main engine, if one of the unit’s relief valve lifts, what could be the reasons?

10. Sketch the stern-tube lubricating oil system. What type of seal arrangement is provided, to prevent lube oil from going overboard! sea water coming in? .

16. What is the setting pressure of crankcase relief valve? What is the relationship between the area of relief valves and the volume of the crankcase?

18. How would. you know if a piston was 'running bot'?19. What will you check in a Crank-case inspection?20. Why does a Piston seize? What action must be taken?21. What is the 'impressed current" system? Where is it fitted? What is its purpose? How does it work?22. What do you understand by the term athwart-ship?23. What are the symptoms of a Scavenge fire?24. What action will you take if the Purifier overflows?25. What is a Tie Rod? How many tie rods will he there in a 6 cylinder engine?26. What action you will take, if Main Engine piston bas seized?

28. What is the difference between the Main Engine's and the Aux. Engine's Governor?29. State the differences between a Purifier and a Clarifier?30. How is an engine aligned and installed?31. How do we know if an air inlet valve is leaking?

33. What is the compression pressure of the main engine of your last ship?

36. Why do we measure 'Butt clearance' ?37. What will you check if piston cooling and jacket cooling temperatures start going high?

40 State remedial measures in case of a Scavenge fire.41 If a purifier overflows, what action wilt you take? .42 What is the difference between a 2 stroke and a 4 stroke engine?43 What is 'diesel knock' and how does it affect the engine's performance?44 What is after burning and what are its symptoms?45 What are the types of Scavenging ?46 From where do we do the 'crash' manoeuvring?47 What is the use of the Telegraph?48 How do you check tappet clearances?49 How do you come to know if an exhaust valve is leaking?50 What is the procedure for starting of a Purifier?51 What is the function of the Crosshead?

53. How is a fuel injector tested onboard?

27. What are symptoms 6f a piston crack and a liner crack? What action will you take? .

32. How will you remove the Main Bearing bottom-half shell of the Main Engine and also put it back?

34. What are the precautions taken before starting an Auxiliary Engine?35. How will you put into commission an Auxiliary Engine (Generator), after completion of its ‘decarbonisation' ?

38 State the maximum and minimum permissible 'values of 'Butt clearance' of your last vessel's Main engine.

39 What precaution will you take while inserting oil scraper ring in piston grooves and why?

52. How will you proceed to take Crankshaft deflections? What could possibly be reasons for crankshaft? What could possibly be reasons for cranshaft misalignement?

55. Briefly describe the correct Bunkering Procedure.

57. Describe a Pneumercator gauge?58. What are the safety cut outs in the Main engine?59. What will you do if the jacket outlet temperatures of an Auxiliary engine increase, during the watch?60. What is done during Auxiliary Engine decarbonisation?61. Distinguish between the lubricating systems of the Main Engine and Auxiliary Engine.62. How do you start a Generator and take it on load?63. What are the possible defects of Big-end Bearing bolts?

65. What is the purpose of a clutch pad in a Purifier?66. If a Generator sump sounding is rising, what are the probable causes and what action will you take?67. State the specifications of the Main engine of your last vessel.68. What is a Crankcase explosion? Outline the causes, prevention and action to be taken?69. Give the principle of operation of any "remote level indicating gauge.70. What have you gained from the Engine room Simulator Course attended by you?71. What is the correct procedure for removing a Main Bearing shell and how are clearances checked?

74 To what pressure is a crankcase relief door valve set and how does it function?

77 Describe briefly the various methods of starting an engine.

78 Describe the safety features of the Main engine.

79 Define Specific Fuel consumption, Brake power, Thermal efficiency, Indicated power.

80 Explain the Starting air system for a Diesel engine, giving a brief description of the components.

81 What are the probable causes of H. O. and L. O. Purifier overflowing?

82 How often must the sea chests and valves be inspected?

83 What is compensation, and where is it used in Governors?

84 What do you understand by the term 'droop' ? What is the effect of 'droop' ?85 What are the advantages and disadvantages of Automation?86 What is the meaning of the term 'UMS' ?87 Why must lubricating oil be regularly tested? What are the common contaminants ?88 What is a ‘Jack bolt' and where is it found?

89 Describe a typical Thrust block.

90 What is the difference between Specific fuel consumption and Total fuel consumption?

91 What are the types of stresses commonly found in engineering?

54. What is the effect of the change of the gravity disc, on the operation of a purifier?

56. During manoeuvring, if the Automatic Air Starting valve stops working automatically, what action will you take?

64. If a piston has suffered damage/crack, how is the unit disconnected? If Thrust bearing lube oil temp. is rising, what action will be taken by you?

72. How is the Thrust clearance measured? 73 How is an Indicator Card taken? What information can you obtain from it ?

75 What is 'surging'. and why does it take place in Turbo-chargers? 76.What is a Scavenge fire? What are the causes, prevention and action to be taken in case of a fire?

92 Wha1 is the unit for viscosity? What is the device used on board for measuring it?

94 What are Quills, and where would you find these on the Main engine?

95 What is 'Butt' clearance and on which component of the engine would you expect to find this?

97 Where is the Camshaft located, and how does it affect the operation of the engine?

98 What is a Guide shoe. and where would you find this in the Crankcase?

99 What are Wear bands, and where are they found?

BOILERS

1 How will you raise steam in a Boiler from a cold state? What is to be checked before firing?2. What is the ‘Lift' of a boiler safety valve.3. What are the causes of corrosion in Boilers? What tests are done on boiler water 'and why?4. How many Safety valves are fitted on a boiler? How is the safety valve pressure set?5 What does the' term pH value mean?6 What are the safeties provided on a boiler.7 Why are Blow down valves fitted on a boiler?8 What are the difference between smoke and water tube boilers.

10 How often is a Boiler blown down and what is the procedure?11 State the causes of a 'back fire'.12 How will you blow through a boiler gauge glass?13 Before taking water in boilers, what will, be checked by you?14 How will you test the boiler water?15 What action will you take if you observe oil in the 'hot well' ?16 At what pressure will a Boiler Safety valve lift ?17 What are the maximum permissible values of alkalinity, pH value and chloride?18 What will cause vacuum in a boiler?19 Describe briefly the safety devices on a Boiler.20 What is the procedure 'during starting and stopping a Boiled?21 If water level .in a boiler gauge glass cannot be made out, what action will you take?22 If oil is present in a boiler, what action will you take?

24 How much chloride content is allowable? How is it reduced?

26 What are the various alarms on a Boiler panel?POLLUTION PREVENTION

93 What is the "Diaphragm' in a Two stroke engine? Where is it found?

96 What is the difference between the Cylinder oil and the System oil (in the Sump) Qf a Two stroke engine? Can one be used in place of the other?

9 During plow through, if you find no water in the Boiler, what action will you take? How do you find out if a tube is leaking?

23 State the reasons for scale formation in Boilers. What are the effects of scale formation on the Boiler?

25 What is the safety feature of a Boiler gauge glass?

1 What do you understand by the term MARPOL?2 How does the oil content Monitor of a Bilge separator give an alarm? 3 What is the basic difference between a Purifier and an Oily-bilge Separator?4 Describe the operation of a Sewage Plant?5 How do you separate out oil from bilge water?6 What is a humidifier and a dehumidifier? State it's purpose, working and requirements ?7 Precaution and procedure adopted during Bunkering.8 Describe an oil mist detector.9 Why are trays provided below sounding pipes & vents on the deck?10 When was the SOPEP Manual put in force..on vessels? What does this manual comprise of?11 What is meant by 'Oil spill contingency' plan?12 What "are the causes of black smoke from the uptakes?

l4.What -is an Incinerator? Give the principle of operation. 15 What is the emergency action you will take, in case of an 'Oil Spill'?16 What precaution wi11 you take during Bunkering?17 List the precautions taken before Ballasting or Deballasting.18 . Describe the Oil spill. contingency plan, on board your last vessel.19 Why is there a separate Pump-mom for Cargo pumps on Tankers?20 What is the principle of operation of an Oily-Bilge separator?

ELECTRICAL

1. What First Aid will you render, to a person suffering from an electrical shock.2. How are Emergency batteries maintained at the correct charge level?3. What. are the electrical and mechanical trips on Auxiliary Engines?

6. What action will you take, if the electrical Busbars catch fire?7. What is a Syncroscope? Where is it used?8. What are Rectifiers, and what is their function?9. How is current generated in an Alternator?10. What type of electrical Starters are used on board and why?11 . What is an A. C. B. and what are the safeties provided on the A.C.B.12. What services and machinery are supplied from the Emergency switchboard?

13 How do you start an Oily water Separator, and what are the checks that you would carry out before starting it?

4. What are the safeties provided on a Switchboard. What is a Preferential trip and a Reverse power relay?

5. While one generator was being paral1eled on to the Busbars, both the generators tripped; what may have been the cause?

13.How is load taken on Generators?14.How will you convert a 440V AC supply to a 24 Volt DC supply?15. How will you start an Alternator?16. Why are Emergency generators fitted on board?17. What is the difference between AC & DC current?18. What action will you take, if an electrical motor ‘gets hot', during your watch?19.State the different types of Motors available on ships.

21.Sketch a simple circuit diagram of an Auxiliary Engine control panel.22. State the safeties provided on an electrical Motor circuit.23.How is an Alternator taken on load, in parallel?24.What are the 'Phase factor' and 'Power factor' relations on a Busbar ?

REFRIGERATION1.What are the major components of a refrigeration plant?2. Why are chemical dryers preferred'? What attention do they require in service3. How is gas charged in the Refrigeration system?

4. What is a 'Back pressure valve' and where is it used?5. What is a 'compound pressure gauge?6. If there is 'frosting' on the suction line of a compressor, what could be the cause?7. How are different temperatures maintained in various compartment of refrigeration system8. What are the things you will check in a refrigeration compressor?9. What will be condition under which a suction line gets hot or ‘cold’ and why?10.What are different types of refrigerants used on ships?11. How are leaks detected on a Freon system ?12. What are the common, faults which could arise in the system?13. State the properties of 'F.12' refrigerant gas. 14. What.are the various safety devices fitted15. How is the refrigerant charged on the ‘high’ side of the system?16. What is the effect of moisture on the refrigeration system?17. What are the different types of compressors used?

RUDDERS AND STEERING1. What is Rudder drop?2. How is the Rudder drop measured?3. ketch a Hydraulic steering gear system,4. What is the purpose of the 'hunting gear’?

20. What is the difference between 'current' and 'voltage'? What do you understand by the term 'frequency'?

4. What are the causes of frequent cut in/cut off of a Refrigeration plant Compressor. State in brief the causes/effects and the remedical actions to be taken?

5. What do you mean by a ‘semi-balanced' rudder?6. Why do we start the second Steering pump, while manoeuvring?7. Describe the Emergency steering system.

9. What is the material' of the Rams?10. What do you mean by a ‘balanced’ rudder?11. What are the different types of steering gear?12. State the principles of operation of winches.13. Does starting an 2.dditional steering motor affect the operation of the Steering gear and how?14. What safeties are provided on windlass machinery ?15. State tbe type of steering gear provided on your last ship.16. What do you mean by an 'unbalanced' rudder?17. What are Rudder carrier bearings?18. What are the tests to be carried out on the Steering gear?19. In case of Steering failure, what action would you take?20. Explain the working of a Rotary vane steering gear.

WATCHKEEPING

1. State the general duties of a watch-keeping Engineer.

4. Briefly describe what factors. are considered for running the machinery spaces unmanned.

6. What are the duties of the Fourth engineer?7. What are the duties of the Fifth engineer?8. What additional machinery must be started,' on receiving notice for arrival?9. How do you take over watch?10. How do you make out if a bearing is 'running hot' ?11. What are' the things you will check, on a running compressor, during your watch?12. How do you prepare the Main Engine for manoeuvring?13. What action will you take if the ship 'runs aground' during your watch?

15. State the safety checks to be followed after a 'grounding'.16. What action will you take in case of a "black-out' ?

8. How much time is taken for the Rudder to travel from 'hard' port to hard 'starboard' with one pump, and with two pumps running?

2. As the Fourth Engineer, in independent charge of a watch, what would be your immediate action, on noticing that one of the main engine pumps was not operating properly.

3. What action would you take, as the Engineroom Watchkeeper, if you were informed by the Bridge watchkeeper, that sparks are coming from the Funnel?

5. Describe the duties that you would carry out on receiving Two Hours notice, for departure from a Port.

14. While 'taking over watch' in port, you see black smoke coming from the Funnel and realise that there is. a problem in the D.G. Set. How will you find out the reason for improper combustion, and what would be your actions?

17. What is tl1e reason for having the Log book?18. How do you keep watch at an 'unsheltered' anchorage?19. What are the checks on the Fresh water Generator, during a routine round of the machinery spaces?20. State the various types of records - maintained on board for machinery .21. What additional precautions are to be taken for Anchor watch?

PUMPS

1. Where is the Emergency fire pump located?2. What is the reason for a pump to have excessive vibration.3. Give reasons for a Ballast pump failing to meet its rated capacity.4. How win you start a centrifugal pump?

6. How is fresh water generated on board? What is 'Reverse Osmosis' ?7. Why is a gear pump used for pumping oil ?8. State tbe various problems encountered in pumps.

11. Why is a relief valve fitted on the discharge side of a positive displacement pump?12. Describe the various types of pumps found on board a ship.13. What are the advantages and disadvantages of these pumps.

15. What are Wear rings? Are there 'Wear rings’ in a centrifugal pump?

VALVES, PIPING, COOLERS

1. Where are seam-less Copper pipes used on board a ship?2 Why are stainless steel bellows expansion joints pipelines?3. What is pitting? How does this occur in pipelines?4. What are Butterfly valves and where are they used?5. What are the safety items in heat exchangers"?

7. What is the difference between an ordinary cooler and an inter cooler provided in a compressor?

5,. What are the alternative means provided to start an Ernergency fire pump and an Emergency generator?

9. What checks will you make on a centrifugal pump, while overhauling? How is an alignment check' carried out?

10. In a centrifugal pump, why will the starting torque be less, whi1e starting with the discharge valve shut" ?What action would you take, if you were informed by the Duty Officer, that the ballast water from one of the tanks was not being removed, during Deballasting, and that the cargo work was being held up because of this?

14. Sketch and describe a Bilge system. Where are the filters located? How would you know that a filter was'choked ?

6. State the type of valves on a Bilge line. What is the material of Bilge piping? What is the safety feature provided on a Bilge Pump?

8. Why must a Gate valve not be used for throttling the flow?9. What types of valves are there in the bilge line?10. What are the common materials used in the pipelines?11 . What are the components of a Valve ? 12. What is the difference a Globe valve and a Gate valve?13. How will you test the Emergency Bilge suction ?14. What are the safeties provided on Condensers.

NAVAL ARCHITECTURE1. What is a Deep tank and what does it contain?2. Describe the Stern tube sealing arrangements.3. What is the purpose of the Bulbous bow?

6. How are 'frames' spaced in cargo holds. What are Web Frames?7 What are the various types of Ships that you have seen and how do they differ?8. What is the 'Load Line' Where is it drawn and why is it necessary? .9. Why don't we have a single 'Hold', instead of having subdivisions, along the length of the ship?

13. Definition of various terms used on board.14. What is Camber, and where is it found?15.What are Shear Strakes, and where would you expect to find them? . .

4. What was the capacity of a Ballast Tanks, on your last vessel? 5. What is a 'Double-bottomt tank ? Where is it located? .

10. What are the forces / Stresses, which act on a vessel, in bad weather.11. What structural defects can there be in cargo holds? How often are these holds surveyed? What does the surveyor check?

12. What are the advantages of having the engine room Aft, rather than forward / amidships?

16. Where is the Duct keel located, and what does it contain?

FUEL & FUEL SYSTEMS

1. Why are filters used in fuel systems? How often should they be cleaned?2. What is a Homogeniser, and how does it work '?3. What is the indication of a ‘seal breaking’ in a Centrifuge?4. What is the cause of foaming in the Mixing column?5. What are the different types of fuel used on board ships?6. What are the effects of contaminants in fuel oil?7.What are the safety devices in the fuel system?8. Describe ALCAP concept used in modern purifiers. What is the density of fuel that it can handle?9. How do you start and stop a Centrifugal Purifier?10. What is a self-cleaning purifier?11. Describe the principle of Separation and Clarification.12. Where is the Mixing column and what purpose does it serve?13. What are the checks carried out on a running Purifier?14. How does a centrifugal separator work?

MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIONS

1. Where are Dryers used? How does a Dryer work?

3. What will happen if the fuel oil temperature of the engine is too high / too low, prior to the injectors?4. What are the different types of Bearings in marine use?5. Give reasons for vibration of a centrifugal pump? How will you remedy this condition?

7. How does a Bourdon pressure gauge work?

9. How is soot removed from Boiler tubes, and why is this necessary? 10. What is the purpose of an Oil Separator and where is it located in the refrigerating circuit? 11. What are the requirements for efficient oil-burning in Boilers? 12. What is the purpose of having an auxiliary Steam stop valve? 13. Where is the Air vent in the Boiler located? What is its purpose? 14. How will you dismantle a pump's bearings, and what are the precautions you will take? 15. What is an Air pre-heater, and where is it found?16. What is the difference between primary and secondary cells used in Batteries?17. What care is to be taken on maintenance of Breakers and Switchboard?

19. What is a Cofferdam? Why is it useful?20. How would you test for leakages in a Freon refrigerant system?21. How would you check for a blown fuse?22. How are Double bottom tanks cleaned and inspected?23. What are the causes of a bearing running hot?

2. What is the difference between a sounding and an ullage? Where are these used? What is the effect of temperature on these?

6. What is the effect of moisture in an A/C system? What is the remedy?

8. What are the safety checks to be carried out when wearing the face mask of a Breathing Apparatus?

18. Discuss the differences of Low-side and High-side charging of a refrigerating plant.

24. When are portable fire-extinguishers to be re-charged, and how many charges Fire carried as spare on board?

Q. I: In one design of Sulzer Marine Diesel engines, the Crankshaft main bearing keeps are held down by means of "jack bolts”. Why are they inclined from the vertical and not just upright'?

The central idea behind the Jackbolt design as compared with the traditional stud and nut design for holding the top keep of main bearings is to reduce the span. athwartships - of support and thus the bending induced in that area. This design enables the span of the Tie rods spacing (athwartships) to be reduced for the same effect, and minimizing the deformation that could otherwise occur in this area. If placed inclined instead of upright, the span is further reduced in the upper arch of support, white still achieving the desired tightening load on the keep (the vertical component 1oading' and the horizontal components 'cancelling' out.

Q.2: The fuel oil booster pumps operate under pressure. 'Why? Different pressures are employed indifferent makes of engines - why'! .

Q6. As regards the Free surface effect, how do you explain. for TIIE SAME AREA subdivision Atite an 'unbroken' area is disastrous?

In this context, the Jackbolt design is dispensed with in the RT (Sulzer) slow speed engines where the Bedplate construction is a robust Box type and strong enough to resist deformation on this count.

Apart from the obvious reason of ensuring a continuous supply to the injection pumps by force feeding (as in any system under pressure), the boster pump ensures adequate pressure to obviate vapor binding of the hot fuel in the lines and possible cavitation in the injection pumps (in the case of HFO) (the mixing colunm or vapor separator assists in this). As to why different pressures are employed in different makes of engines, it is due to different capacities of the injection pumps - the intake, the output, the return etc- operating in sequence

Q.3: Where a Muff coupling (with its typical conical outer sleeve) is employed to connect the tail shaft to the transmission shafting, how is the Astern thrust taken up while going astern?

The propulsion thrust (both ahead and astern) of any type of transmission and propulsion shafting is taken up solely by the Thrust Block arrangement. Therefore, any coupling in the line is wholly relieved of this thrust and a Muff coupling is no exception to this.

Q.4: In hoisting a Lifeboat, what happens to the air motor used for this purpose if the hoist upper limit is reached? And why'?

When the said limit is reached, the limit switch renders the air supply to the motor to be bye passed (This is one preferred arrangement) and no damage is done, Otherwise it will be a case of exerting hoisting force against unyielding limit stops which will result parting of the wire ropes and a serious accident.

Q.5: In a very critical emergency with little time to spare, while preparing to launch the lifeboats the boat plugs are missing. \\nat win you do?

The Lifeboats with their 'buoyancy spaces' are unsinkable, with or without the bottom plugs in place. And there is a non-return valve in that place in one design. Still and all the plugs should be in place before lowering (A Life boat is launched and it has to make way at sea at least for a while and if the sea is rough or turbulent - as it surely win around a sinking Ship -the DYNAMIC stability may not be good enough with the boat awash and without plugs. An analogous case is the live busbars of the electrical Switchboard - nothing should happen if one comes in contact with it IF the earthing is perfect. But, if it is not?….!)

This one of the wonderful phenomena of Hydrostatics ( the other being 'head' depending on height alone and irrespective of the quantity of the fluid). It is all a question of 'wedge'

displacement and the shifting of CGs and the moment of areas. Any NA text book wiJl show how.

Q,7: In calculating the Powering of Ships, how are we justified in scaling up nom the Model to the Ship? Can the same technique be applied for calculation of Strength of Ships also?

Q.10: How does 'by pass injection' help in avoiding 'surging' in Turbocharges'?

Q.12: Can a centrifugal Purifier bowl burst while in operation? Explain how.

The invaluable and pioneering efforts of the father and son duo, the Froudes have shown the validity of the law of similitude and the effectiveness of the mathematical tool of 'Dimensional analysis' (this author gratefully remembers even now (then a Cadet) the couple of classes taken by the erstwhile Deputy Director of DMET (then). Sri.K.S.Subramaniam on this and how lucidly he explained this elegant but oft neglected topic).

In the area of' ‘Strength of Ships', a direct scaling up like it is done from model to ship for powering calculations is not done - however, in photo

elastic analysis of structures, such a method is employed in general engineering and stress strain analysis.

Q,8: The 'fracture' or 'cut' surface of a specimen of the same material, say steel appears different as between hacksawing and when tested to destruction in a UTS machine. Why?

Though a straightforward answer would be to differentiate between a ductile and non-ductile fracture and the nature of the fracture surfaces, an enlightening one win involve a study of the phenomenon of ‘slip and slip planes' and 'twinning' and 'dislocation' in the behavior of materials under stress.

Q.9: Why some makes of Exhaust gas Turbochargers for Main diesels are cooled while the others are not?

Any Heat engine where heat is converted to work should be insulated and not cooled, so that heat losses are minimized, This general principle applies to exhaust gas turbo chargers also - however, cooling ( and the heat loss to the cooling water) was necessary when self contained lubrication sumps were employed with no lube oil heat exchanger ( as with ball bearing supported design) - to help maintain the lube oil viscosity within limits under operational conditions. When external1y lubricated design is adopted (as With sleeve bearing support) with heat exchangers, then the best of both worlds could be obtained - uncooled turbine and cooled tube oil.

The "ma.ss flow rate - pressure ratio" plot indicates the surging region as where the relationship 'breaks down'. By pass injection - taking part of the output air back to suction stage can lessen this imbalance and restore normalcy to some extent.

Q.11: In a two-stroke single acting main Diesel engine, the force on the Piston is always downwards. Then why need secure it to the crosshead by means of a piston securing nut?

The contention is perfectly true, but there is this contingency when an overheated piston can 'seize' and that is when this 'unwanted' nut plays its part - keeping the 'act' together ( The inertia force difference between the Piston and the Crosshead-conrod combination because of different masses is not the right answer - the force on the \\'HOLE is always downwards)

It had and in one particular instance it was due to improper assembly of the: Bowl and the screwed down lid. The locating dowels (guide pins) for the sliding piston/bowl had sheared and the assembly was forced down 'somehow'. When under high speed and hot operating conditions, the vortex formed under the sliding piston/bowl exerted enough force (the drain holes too were choked) to blow off the lid and all and very serious damage occurred. Lesson? Do not ever take anything for granted!

Q.l5: Can a Diesel engine on load 'run away'? Give specific instances and the reasons.

Q.13: The presence of oxgen in boiler water is more dangerous than a general lack of alkalinity. Do you agree and if so why?

It is more dangerous of the two evils. intense localized 'pitting' is caused by the former, leading to metal thinning and rupture, even if the rest of the surface looks good and sound. Whereas general lack of alkalinity results in spread out wastage at much less accelerated rate and can be detected earlier and easier.

Q.l4: In a boiler, if purging is not carried out, a backfire and explosion can result while attempting to light up. Why this explosion relives itself through the furnace front (as a 'blow back') and not

dissipate through the voluminous combustion chamber space and the open exhaust to the funnel? The explosion is due to the spontaneous ignition of die accumulated (and unpurged) combustible mixture of fuel vapor, fuel and air and this occurs not in the far inner spaces of the furnace but at the front region where the 'windbox' is (this is the region where the 'dripping fuel' can accumulate as well). So, the explosion relieves itself through the front which is easier.

In a directly coupled Engine like the large, slow speed 2-stroke Diesel engine for Marine propulsion. 'runaway' is due to loss of propeller ( or propeller emergence out of water in a bad sea) is quickly arrested by the Governor ( which is essentially meant for overspeed protection only). In the case of a Medium to High speed Diesel driving an alternator, separate overspeed protection is necessary to take care of the not uncommon instances of electrical load being thrown off suddenly - this is the function of the Overspeed Trip.

Q.16: This is a 'desert island' type question! You are the only person in the unmanned engine room and a local accident occurs for which you cannot raise an alarm nor can you leave the spot. What hopes have you of ever being rendered assistance?

There is the mandatory pro"1sion of i1 'Dead Man Alarm" which has to be activated (and the Bridge, which is always manned, notified) before entry is made into an unmanned machinery space for any reason. A prolonged and unacknowledged presence alerts the bridge and assistance can be on the way instantly.

Q .17: (In the most unlikely event of not having a Planimeter or a graph paper!) how can you measure the area of a Diesel engine Indicator (Power) card?

There is the good old Simpson's rule method of integrating the area under a curve by employing ordinates and half ordinates - though the mathematics behind the derivation of these rules is complex., the application is easy and the results accurate.

Q.18: As a Senior engineer training an Engineer Cadet on board, how will you instruct him to trace the pipelines (say sea water) in the engine room and make a sketch? What are the drawbacks (if any) of a diagrammatic sketch as compared to a better alternative (which is... - ?)

As for the sketch proper, a TOPOGRAPHIC sketch is more effective than a mere diagrammatic

Q.20: What are the Three most important Certificates issued ONLY by the Indian maritimeAdministration for a ship? .The Safety Constmction Certificate, The Safety Equipment certificate, and the Tonnage Certificate.

1. Reactive power – wattloss power vatmeter – volts –am----------- reactive2. Apparent power (KVA)– combination of active and reactive components drawn by a load.

4. Improvement of power factor – capacitor/synchronous motor.

6. Dielectric: Perfect Dielectric – Vacuum

First the safety precautions: Do not meddle around with any valves or chip or de-rust pipes or chests without worming the Senior officer (When an enthusiastic Junior chipped away the rusted valve chest below the floor pla1e (and in another instance the cement boxed old pipe), the engine room got flooded !).

one. To know if there is a valve in the line is important, but to know where it actually is vital. Many an emergency demands such knowledge for being tackled. So, indicate on your sketch such hints as the location ("near and behind the air bottle", "under the floor plate and directly below the maneuvering stand" etc) and try to draw a three dimensional sketch, with levels indicated

Q.19: It is a M.T Baer type of Situation. The Ship is rolling badly and the engine room overhead crane is unsecured (unpardonable, but it can happen!). How will you go about remedying the situation safety foremost.

The unsecured shifting masses must be tackled immediately.(The possible scenario if the carriage comes crashing down and a fuel line to the injector is ruptured, the fire therefrom etc is too horrendous contemplate) But to attempt doing it while the Ship is under way in rough Seas is extremely hazardous (a case of remedy worse than the disease). Alert Bridge to stop ship or take diversionary measures (which they know best) so that the crane can be quickly secured and a safe voyage resumed.

3. Significance of power factor: The power factor of a circuit / system is a measure of its effectiveness in utilizing the apparent power it draws from the generator.

5. Power loss in conductors: The forced movement of electrons through a conductor, by the application of a driving voltage, results in the generation of heat. The heating is caused by the electron collisions with atomic particles of the materials. The rate at which electric energy is converted to heat energy is a function of the existence of the conductor and the square of the current.

7. Speed control of a.c motors

8. Safe limits of electric shock 95% & 100%

de

Crank shafts should be checked for the following:

Black out changeoverFeatures of Alarm Systems:

2) Automatic change over to standby power system.

4) Must advise the duty personnel of quickly of any fault condition.5) Presence of any unrectified faults should be indicated at all times.6) Indications at the control stations – visual & audible

50H2

100H2

a)      Surface damage of journals by”i)                    Scoring by impurities in lubricating oil or particles embedded in white metal.ii)                   Corrosion (usually apparent as discoloration) possible from weak acids caused by oxidation of lubrication oils, (weak), bacteria in oil, products of combustion.b)      Cracks in fillet radu---, oil holes or other areas where stress concentration occurs.

- Caused by cyclic torsiional stresses, c/shaft misalignment (work main bearing or loose chocks), overloading of the engine.

c)      Slipped strink fit (check with marks) caused by liquid in cylinder during starting, propeller collision with submerged objects, extreme and sudden overloading of unit/units (possible as result of major fault in the fuel injection and timing system).

d)      Ovality: This occurs infrequently but as a problem that primarily concerns the bottom end journal, though in extreme cases the mains and even the cross head pinds may be affected. It is caused by a combination of reduced effectiveness of lubricating oil and the directional thrust of the connecting rod, which is at maximum somewhere around 45th after tde.

1) Must function independent of may control or safety system i.e if will still function even if there is fault is these other systems.

3) It must be self monitoring for faults with in the alarm system itself, such as broken wire or sensor failure – Any internal system fault should cause the alarm system to give an alarm.

First up or first out – identification of the first alarm that operated with in a group or flood of alarms motoring of an alternator – indications

Power factor: KW/KVA is a measure of its effectiveness in utilizing the apparent power it draws from the generator.

The objectives of feed water treatment and chemical control

Motor protection sets out to achieve three objectives:1. To protect the motor against rapid destruction when stalled or during run-up.2. Over ---- of the windings3. Prevent disconnection when the motor is not at risk

Circuit Breaker Maintenances Monthly : Operate ----

“Airgap” is the vertical distance between the bottom of the hull and the

Lead Acid Battery in discharged condition – Lead sulphate may harden and become non porous, preventing the battery from accepting full charge

1)      Prevention of corrosion/deposition of with in the boiler itself2)      Prevention of corrosion/deposition of feed and condensate system3)      Prevention of damage to machinery due to impure steam4)      Prevention of outage time due to failure of boiler/associated equip5)      Reduction of time for repair or maintenance6)      Maintenance of a safe operating environment fort personnel.

Fail safe policy: If the control system has a failure, then the controlled equipment must fail to a condition so as not to cause an unsafe situation to arise, such as mechanical or thermal overloads of machinery. OAF-open on air failure, CAF-close on air failure fail fixed – the v/v remains in the position it was in at the time of the air failure.

Single phasing: This condition occurs when one of the supply lines to the motor stator becomes disconnected due to open circuit such as blown fuse or bad contact.

Annually: Check: Fightness of all electrical connections. Condition of arching chutes and arching contents,Clean and replace as necessary condition of main contacts, operation of closing/---- lubrication – avoid over lubrication.

a)      Still water levelb)      Water crestc)      Wave crest plus the charted water depth and fidal correctiond)      Wave crest plus charted water and storm surge

Properties of primary refrigeranta)      Non flammable, non explosive, non toxicb)      Should not damage the--- / environment if ----c)      Non-corrosive, should not react unfavorably with lubricants, moisture and materials usedd)      Have moderate working pressure – condensing for as low as possible, in order to deep dawn the mechanical strength required in the compressor and high pr side of the system.

The evaporating pr should be as high as possible as pr below atmos. Result in air and moisture being drawn in the event of leak.

e)      have a high coefficient of performancef)        have a moderate temp after compression – a low disch temp reduces the risk of oil decomposition and overheating of the compression.

g)      Low is cost and ready availability.h)      State with reasons the factors which influence the speed at which the engine may be safely operated

CURRENT TRENDS

1. What effect does water contamination have on the fuel oil used for firing an auxiliary boiler? 2. How are Double bottom tanks cleaned and inspected? 3. What pressure is maintained on Steam smothering lines ? 4. What is a fusible plug?

6. How was the Main engine turbo-charger of your ship lubricated?7. State the procedure for taking-over of a watch or handing-over of a watch. 8. How is a Boiler started from cold?

11. What are the indications of a leaking Air Starting valve? 12.What action will you take, if the exhaust temperature (of one unit) of the main engine is rising? 13. What action you will take, if the Main switch-board catches fire? 14. State your last Main Engine's specifications.15.Mention the checks on the steering gear.16.How can the power of a Diesel engine be increased?17.State the action you will take, when bridge informs you about possible bad weather.18. What is the use of the air vent, on Boiler.

20.What does a bunker checklist comprise of?21. What happens if fuel is under-heated or over-heated?22. Name and describe a few boiler mountings.23. What is the reason for a Ballast pump not taking suction?

26.How will you use a 136 litre Foam fire-extinguisher?27 .Describe the correct procedure for renewing a Gauge glass of a Boiler.

30. Why is main engine lubricating oil not used for auxiliary engines?

32.How will you start main engine lubricating oil pumps?

screen on the' goose-neck' of the

10. State the details of fire extinguishing media found on board Fixed and portable.

9.State any major problems on your last vessel and if you had any recurring problem.

24. What action will you take if the Oil Mist Detector' gives an alarm? How will you confirm the

fitted?

28.State reasons for the possibility of a scavenge fire and what action you will take.

29. What action will you take if the lube oil purifier overflows? (Even after taking this action, if it continues to

35.What is ‘GRT' ? What was the value of GRT of your last ship?

37.How will you operate portable Chemical foam extinguishers?38, What may be the probable cause, of tbe Ballast Pump not taking

39. What is the working principle of a fixed foam instnl1ntion? What is the chemical name of the Foam forming solution?

41. What is the load line?42. State the advantages of super long stroke engines. .

44.Why are the Aft peak and Fore peak tanks not used for bunkers.?45.What is O.D.M.S.? .46.State the checks on running Air compressors.47. State the various type of cargo carried on vessels.

49.State the Boiler blow-down procedure.50.How will you fight a fire in the Purifier room?

52.How are boiler water tests carried out? What action will you take if chlorides are more?53. State the general requirements. as per SOLAS rules, for Life saving appliances (LSA) ?

55. What are the hazardsof working in enclosed spaces.56. What is meant by ‘Emulsification’ of oil? Is it desirable?

58. What is the care and maintenance to be done on the Compressed Air Breathing Apparatus ?

60. What are the requirements for reversal to take place for a marine engine?61 What is the material of the fire hoses?62. State the chemical reaction in a portable chemical foam fire extinguisher.63. What are the markings on the outside of the extinguisher body?64. Explain the principle of the working of an Explosimete.

33.How will you seat the rocker arm body on the cylinder head? How will you ascertain that the unit

40.State the correct procedure for starting Cargo oil pumps and the care to be taken when opening steam

43.State the specifications of a 136 litre Foam fire-extinguisher, i.e., length of the bose, jet length and so

,room. What checks you will carry out in the CO2 room?

51.What action will you take in case of 'Double ring' alarm' 'of Telegraph ( crash stop) ? What effect will

54. What would be the procedure for re-entry into the Machinery Space after flooding has taken place

flooding system.

What is the test for checking the sealing of the face mask in the SCBA?

65. How is Soot-blowing carried out in a Boiler and what is its purpose?66. Why are chemicals not stored on the Boiler flat?67. What precautions are taken in handling chemical?68. How would you store paints on board? What are the fire precautions taken to ensure safety? 69. Why is a water sprinkler system provided in the Paint locker?

LSA, FFA AND GENERAL SAFETY

1. Describe precautions to be taken before welding operations?2. How are Fires classified?

4. If Bilge level is rising in the Engine Room, what action will you take?5. State the safety feature (device) provided in the Soda Acid fire-extinguisher.6. Describe the operation of a 136 litre Foam (chemical) extinguisher.7. What are the fire hazards in machinery spaces?

10. Describe the safety features on the Engine Room Overhead Crane.

12.Where is the Breathing Apparatus stored?13.List the equipment stored in the ship's fire locker.14.State the purpose of an Isolating Valve in the Fire line.15.State various types, of Portable fire extinguishers available on board ships.16.When are portable fire extinguishers re-charged and how many charges are carried as spare?17.What is the bursting pressure of a portable Soda Acid Extinguisher?18. How are chemicals stored on vessels?19. What precautions are taken for storing paints and oil on board?

21 What is the purpose of dampers, detuners and moment compensators?

70. What steps Would you, as a 'Watch-keeping Engineer, take to ensure cleanliness in the engine-room and how would you instruct your watch in taking adequate safety precautions ?

Portable extinguishers.

9. If you are the only Senior Engineer present, on board ship in a port, and the night watch-keeping engineer reports, that the Engine Room is getting flooded. What action will you take?

20 Give the details of Soda acid Extinguisher, viz. charging procedure, vent hole diameter and

will you take?

23. What action you will take if the Engine Room is flooding?24. What safety is provided on the fire line on deck?25. What type of fire detectors are provided in the Engine Room?26. State the correct procedure for lowering a life boat?27. State Safety features on fire main line.

29. What is the safety device provided, on a Foam fire- extinguisher?

31. What is a double seated valve (in the Soda Acid Extinguisher) and explain its purpose?32. If the solution level in a Soda Acid Extinguisher is high/low, what would be the effect?

34. How will you extinguish an oil fire with water?

36 How do you recharge a spent fire extinguisher?37 What will you do if the Purifier Room catches fire?38 What is the difference between safety valve and relief valve?

40. What are the special fire fighting arrangements found, on the deck of an LPG carrier?

43. Briefly explain Marpol regulations.

46. How will you avoid a crankcase explosion? 47. What types of detectors are used in the Engine Room and in Cargo holds?

49 .Which equipments /machinery are connected to the emergency Switch board supply?

51 How do you use a 1361trs. Foam extinguisher?

28. How will you operate a 45 litre foam, fire-extinguisher? What is the ratio and quantity of foam

30. Why is tappet clearance given in Diesel Engines? What are the effects of having less / more tappet

Room? At what temperature is CO2 stored in cylinders

alarm sounds during your watch in the Engine Room?

39 State contents of the bottle in a Self Contained Breathing Apparatus? What is the capacity of the

water. (in grams) in a chemical foam extinguisher and its

oil rue and how?45. Define 'critical temperature' and what is it's importance in the storage of CO2 in cylinders.

of portable fire extinguishers are found in the Engine Room. State their method of

a Soda Acid and a Foam extinguisher

Acid Extinguisher t if their tags

55. If there is a fire in a cargo hold, how will you come to know?56. What is the purpose of ‘drip trays' ?

59. When does the warning whistle sound in the S.C.B.A?60. How will you fight a fire on the Main Switchboard?

62.Where is the Breathing Apparatus stored on vessels?63. How you will fight an oil fire in the Engine Room, by only using a jet nozzle?

65. How will you maintain 'general cleanliness’ in the Engine Room?66. State the precautions to be taken before welding work?

68 What is the maintenance to be carried out on Soda acid portable fire extinguishers?69 State the requirements relating to Fire pumps on cargo vessels.

MOTOR

1. What are the effects of worn bearings on the engine?2 What are magnetic filters, and what attention do they require?3 State the stages in the operation of a Diesel engine?4 What are the differences between Two stroke and Four stroke engines?5 How and why are tappet clearances taken?6 State the starting interlocks on the Main Engine.

9 Give reasons for main engine not starting on air.

11. How is a 'poker gauge' reading taken and what is its significance?12. How is a Purifier boxed back after overhaul?13. What checks are carried out on the Tail Shaft ?14. What is a Thrust Block. what is its purpose and where is it fitted?15. When are the safety cut outs of the Main Engine tried out and how often?

17. How will you reverse the Main engine. from full ahead/ full aster?

Extinguisher?

of containment used, in case of a fire in the Ga11ey?

from the machinery spaces? .

7 From where will you draw lube oil samples, for analysis and what information is required to be

8 When blowing through the Main engine, if one of the unit’s relief valve lifts, what could be the

10. Sketch the stern-tube lubricating oil system. What type of seal arrangement is provided, to prevent

16. What is the setting pressure of crankcase relief valve? What is the relationship between the area of

18. How would. you know if a piston was 'running bot'?19. What will you check in a Crank-case inspection?20. Why does a Piston seize? What action must be taken?21. What is the 'impressed current" system? Where is it fitted? What is its purpose? How does it work?22. What do you understand by the term athwart-ship?23. What are the symptoms of a Scavenge fire?24. What action will you take if the Purifier overflows?25. What is a Tie Rod? How many tie rods will he there in a 6 cylinder engine?26. What action you will take, if Main Engine piston bas seized?

28. What is the difference between the Main Engine's and the Aux. Engine's Governor?29. State the differences between a Purifier and a Clarifier?30. How is an engine aligned and installed?31. How do we know if an air inlet valve is leaking?

33. What is the compression pressure of the main engine of your last ship?

36. Why do we measure 'Butt clearance' ?37. What will you check if piston cooling and jacket cooling temperatures start going high?

40 State remedial measures in case of a Scavenge fire.41 If a purifier overflows, what action wilt you take? .42 What is the difference between a 2 stroke and a 4 stroke engine?43 What is 'diesel knock' and how does it affect the engine's performance?44 What is after burning and what are its symptoms?45 What are the types of Scavenging ?46 From where do we do the 'crash' manoeuvring?47 What is the use of the Telegraph?48 How do you check tappet clearances?49 How do you come to know if an exhaust valve is leaking?50 What is the procedure for starting of a Purifier?51 What is the function of the Crosshead?

53. How is a fuel injector tested onboard?

action will you take? .

32. How will you remove the Main Bearing bottom-half shell of the Main Engine and also put it back?

35. How will you put into commission an Auxiliary Engine (Generator), after completion of its

38 State the maximum and minimum permissible 'values of 'Butt clearance' of your last vessel's Main

piston grooves and why?

52. How will you proceed to take Crankshaft deflections? What could possibly be reasons for crankshaft? What could possibly be reasons for cranshaft misalignement?

55. Briefly describe the correct Bunkering Procedure.

57. Describe a Pneumercator gauge?58. What are the safety cut outs in the Main engine?59. What will you do if the jacket outlet temperatures of an Auxiliary engine increase, during the watch?60. What is done during Auxiliary Engine decarbonisation?61. Distinguish between the lubricating systems of the Main Engine and Auxiliary Engine.62. How do you start a Generator and take it on load?63. What are the possible defects of Big-end Bearing bolts?

65. What is the purpose of a clutch pad in a Purifier?66. If a Generator sump sounding is rising, what are the probable causes and what action will you take?67. State the specifications of the Main engine of your last vessel.68. What is a Crankcase explosion? Outline the causes, prevention and action to be taken?69. Give the principle of operation of any "remote level indicating gauge.70. What have you gained from the Engine room Simulator Course attended by you?71. What is the correct procedure for removing a Main Bearing shell and how are clearances checked?

74 To what pressure is a crankcase relief door valve set and how does it function?

77 Describe briefly the various methods of starting an engine.

78 Describe the safety features of the Main engine.

79 Define Specific Fuel consumption, Brake power, Thermal efficiency, Indicated power.

80 Explain the Starting air system for a Diesel engine, giving a brief description of the components.

81 What are the probable causes of H. O. and L. O. Purifier overflowing?

82 How often must the sea chests and valves be inspected?

83 What is compensation, and where is it used in Governors?

84 What do you understand by the term 'droop' ? What is the effect of 'droop' ?85 What are the advantages and disadvantages of Automation?86 What is the meaning of the term 'UMS' ?87 Why must lubricating oil be regularly tested? What are the common contaminants ?88 What is a ‘Jack bolt' and where is it found?

89 Describe a typical Thrust block.

90 What is the difference between Specific fuel consumption and Total fuel consumption?

91 What are the types of stresses commonly found in engineering?

What is the effect of the change of the gravity disc, on the operation of a purifier?

56. During manoeuvring, if the Automatic Air Starting valve stops working automatically, what action

64. If a piston has suffered damage/crack, how is the unit disconnected? If Thrust bearing lube oil temp.

72. How is the Thrust clearance measured? 73 How is an Indicator Card taken? What information can

What are the causes, prevention and action to be taken in case of a fire?

92 Wha1 is the unit for viscosity? What is the device used on board for measuring it?

94 What are Quills, and where would you find these on the Main engine?

95 What is 'Butt' clearance and on which component of the engine would you expect to find this?

97 Where is the Camshaft located, and how does it affect the operation of the engine?

98 What is a Guide shoe. and where would you find this in the Crankcase?

99 What are Wear bands, and where are they found?

BOILERS

1 How will you raise steam in a Boiler from a cold state? What is to be checked before firing?2. What is the ‘Lift' of a boiler safety valve.3. What are the causes of corrosion in Boilers? What tests are done on boiler water 'and why?4. How many Safety valves are fitted on a boiler? How is the safety valve pressure set?5 What does the' term pH value mean?6 What are the safeties provided on a boiler.7 Why are Blow down valves fitted on a boiler?8 What are the difference between smoke and water tube boilers.

10 How often is a Boiler blown down and what is the procedure?11 State the causes of a 'back fire'.12 How will you blow through a boiler gauge glass?13 Before taking water in boilers, what will, be checked by you?14 How will you test the boiler water?15 What action will you take if you observe oil in the 'hot well' ?16 At what pressure will a Boiler Safety valve lift ?17 What are the maximum permissible values of alkalinity, pH value and chloride?18 What will cause vacuum in a boiler?19 Describe briefly the safety devices on a Boiler.20 What is the procedure 'during starting and stopping a Boiled?21 If water level .in a boiler gauge glass cannot be made out, what action will you take?22 If oil is present in a boiler, what action will you take?

24 How much chloride content is allowable? How is it reduced?

26 What are the various alarms on a Boiler panel?POLLUTION PREVENTION

96 What is the difference between the Cylinder oil and the System oil (in the Sump) Qf a Two stroke engine?

9 During plow through, if you find no water in the Boiler, what action will you take? How do you find

23 State the reasons for scale formation in Boilers. What are the effects of scale formation on the Boiler?

1 What do you understand by the term MARPOL?2 How does the oil content Monitor of a Bilge separator give an alarm? 3 What is the basic difference between a Purifier and an Oily-bilge Separator?4 Describe the operation of a Sewage Plant?5 How do you separate out oil from bilge water?6 What is a humidifier and a dehumidifier? State it's purpose, working and requirements ?7 Precaution and procedure adopted during Bunkering.8 Describe an oil mist detector.9 Why are trays provided below sounding pipes & vents on the deck?10 When was the SOPEP Manual put in force..on vessels? What does this manual comprise of?11 What is meant by 'Oil spill contingency' plan?12 What "are the causes of black smoke from the uptakes?

l4.What -is an Incinerator? Give the principle of operation. 15 What is the emergency action you will take, in case of an 'Oil Spill'?16 What precaution wi11 you take during Bunkering?17 List the precautions taken before Ballasting or Deballasting.18 . Describe the Oil spill. contingency plan, on board your last vessel.19 Why is there a separate Pump-mom for Cargo pumps on Tankers?20 What is the principle of operation of an Oily-Bilge separator?

ELECTRICAL

1. What First Aid will you render, to a person suffering from an electrical shock.2. How are Emergency batteries maintained at the correct charge level?3. What. are the electrical and mechanical trips on Auxiliary Engines?

6. What action will you take, if the electrical Busbars catch fire?7. What is a Syncroscope? Where is it used?8. What are Rectifiers, and what is their function?9. How is current generated in an Alternator?10. What type of electrical Starters are used on board and why?11 . What is an A. C. B. and what are the safeties provided on the A.C.B.12. What services and machinery are supplied from the Emergency switchboard?

13 How do you start an Oily water Separator, and what are the checks that you would carry out before

4. What are the safeties provided on a Switchboard. What is a Preferential trip and a Reverse power

5. While one generator was being paral1eled on to the Busbars, both the generators tripped; what may

13.How is load taken on Generators?14.How will you convert a 440V AC supply to a 24 Volt DC supply?15. How will you start an Alternator?16. Why are Emergency generators fitted on board?17. What is the difference between AC & DC current?18. What action will you take, if an electrical motor ‘gets hot', during your watch?19.State the different types of Motors available on ships.

21.Sketch a simple circuit diagram of an Auxiliary Engine control panel.22. State the safeties provided on an electrical Motor circuit.23.How is an Alternator taken on load, in parallel?24.What are the 'Phase factor' and 'Power factor' relations on a Busbar ?

REFRIGERATION1.What are the major components of a refrigeration plant?2. Why are chemical dryers preferred'? What attention do they require in service3. How is gas charged in the Refrigeration system?

4. What is a 'Back pressure valve' and where is it used?5. What is a 'compound pressure gauge?6. If there is 'frosting' on the suction line of a compressor, what could be the cause?7. How are different temperatures maintained in various compartment of refrigeration system8. What are the things you will check in a refrigeration compressor?9. What will be condition under which a suction line gets hot or ‘cold’ and why?10.What are different types of refrigerants used on ships?11. How are leaks detected on a Freon system ?12. What are the common, faults which could arise in the system?13. State the properties of 'F.12' refrigerant gas. 14. What.are the various safety devices fitted15. How is the refrigerant charged on the ‘high’ side of the system?16. What is the effect of moisture on the refrigeration system?17. What are the different types of compressors used?

RUDDERS AND STEERING1. What is Rudder drop?2. How is the Rudder drop measured?3. ketch a Hydraulic steering gear system,4. What is the purpose of the 'hunting gear’?

20. What is the difference between 'current' and 'voltage'? What do you understand by the term

4. What are the causes of frequent cut in/cut off of a Refrigeration plant Compressor. State in brief the

5. What do you mean by a ‘semi-balanced' rudder?6. Why do we start the second Steering pump, while manoeuvring?7. Describe the Emergency steering system.

9. What is the material' of the Rams?10. What do you mean by a ‘balanced’ rudder?11. What are the different types of steering gear?12. State the principles of operation of winches.13. Does starting an 2.dditional steering motor affect the operation of the Steering gear and how?14. What safeties are provided on windlass machinery ?15. State tbe type of steering gear provided on your last ship.16. What do you mean by an 'unbalanced' rudder?17. What are Rudder carrier bearings?18. What are the tests to be carried out on the Steering gear?19. In case of Steering failure, what action would you take?20. Explain the working of a Rotary vane steering gear.

WATCHKEEPING

1. State the general duties of a watch-keeping Engineer.

4. Briefly describe what factors. are considered for running the machinery spaces unmanned.

6. What are the duties of the Fourth engineer?7. What are the duties of the Fifth engineer?8. What additional machinery must be started,' on receiving notice for arrival?9. How do you take over watch?10. How do you make out if a bearing is 'running hot' ?11. What are' the things you will check, on a running compressor, during your watch?12. How do you prepare the Main Engine for manoeuvring?13. What action will you take if the ship 'runs aground' during your watch?

15. State the safety checks to be followed after a 'grounding'.16. What action will you take in case of a "black-out' ?

8. How much time is taken for the Rudder to travel from 'hard' port to hard 'starboard' with one pump,

2. As the Fourth Engineer, in independent charge of a watch, what would be your immediate action, on

3. What action would you take, as the Engineroom Watchkeeper, if you were informed by the Bridge

5. Describe the duties that you would carry out on receiving Two Hours notice, for departure from a

14. While 'taking over watch' in port, you see black smoke coming from the Funnel and realise that there is. a problem in the D.G. Set. How will you find out the reason for improper combustion, and what

17. What is tl1e reason for having the Log book?18. How do you keep watch at an 'unsheltered' anchorage?19. What are the checks on the Fresh water Generator, during a routine round of the machinery spaces?20. State the various types of records - maintained on board for machinery .21. What additional precautions are to be taken for Anchor watch?

PUMPS

1. Where is the Emergency fire pump located?2. What is the reason for a pump to have excessive vibration.3. Give reasons for a Ballast pump failing to meet its rated capacity.4. How win you start a centrifugal pump?

6. How is fresh water generated on board? What is 'Reverse Osmosis' ?7. Why is a gear pump used for pumping oil ?8. State tbe various problems encountered in pumps.

11. Why is a relief valve fitted on the discharge side of a positive displacement pump?12. Describe the various types of pumps found on board a ship.13. What are the advantages and disadvantages of these pumps.

15. What are Wear rings? Are there 'Wear rings’ in a centrifugal pump?

VALVES, PIPING, COOLERS

1. Where are seam-less Copper pipes used on board a ship?2 Why are stainless steel bellows expansion joints pipelines?3. What is pitting? How does this occur in pipelines?4. What are Butterfly valves and where are they used?5. What are the safety items in heat exchangers"?

7. What is the difference between an ordinary cooler and an inter cooler provided in a compressor?

5,. What are the alternative means provided to start an Ernergency fire pump and an Emergency

9. What checks will you make on a centrifugal pump, while overhauling? How is an alignment check'

10. In a centrifugal pump, why will the starting torque be less, whi1e starting with the discharge valve shut" ?What action would you take, if you were informed by the Duty Officer, that the ballast water from one of the tanks was not being removed, during Deballasting, and that the cargo work was being

14. Sketch and describe a Bilge system. Where are the filters located? How would you know that a filter

6. State the type of valves on a Bilge line. What is the material of Bilge piping? What is the safety

8. Why must a Gate valve not be used for throttling the flow?9. What types of valves are there in the bilge line?10. What are the common materials used in the pipelines?11 . What are the components of a Valve ? 12. What is the difference a Globe valve and a Gate valve?13. How will you test the Emergency Bilge suction ?14. What are the safeties provided on Condensers.

NAVAL ARCHITECTURE1. What is a Deep tank and what does it contain?2. Describe the Stern tube sealing arrangements.3. What is the purpose of the Bulbous bow?

6. How are 'frames' spaced in cargo holds. What are Web Frames?7 What are the various types of Ships that you have seen and how do they differ?8. What is the 'Load Line' Where is it drawn and why is it necessary? .9. Why don't we have a single 'Hold', instead of having subdivisions, along the length of the ship?

13. Definition of various terms used on board.14. What is Camber, and where is it found?15.What are Shear Strakes, and where would you expect to find them? . .

4. What was the capacity of a Ballast Tanks, on your last vessel? 5. What is a 'Double-bottomt tank ?

11. What structural defects can there be in cargo holds? How often are these holds surveyed? What does

12. What are the advantages of having the engine room Aft, rather than forward / amidships?

16. Where is the Duct keel located, and what does it contain?

FUEL & FUEL SYSTEMS

1. Why are filters used in fuel systems? How often should they be cleaned?2. What is a Homogeniser, and how does it work '?3. What is the indication of a ‘seal breaking’ in a Centrifuge?4. What is the cause of foaming in the Mixing column?5. What are the different types of fuel used on board ships?6. What are the effects of contaminants in fuel oil?7.What are the safety devices in the fuel system?8. Describe ALCAP concept used in modern purifiers. What is the density of fuel that it can handle?9. How do you start and stop a Centrifugal Purifier?10. What is a self-cleaning purifier?11. Describe the principle of Separation and Clarification.12. Where is the Mixing column and what purpose does it serve?13. What are the checks carried out on a running Purifier?14. How does a centrifugal separator work?

MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIONS

1. Where are Dryers used? How does a Dryer work?

3. What will happen if the fuel oil temperature of the engine is too high / too low, prior to the injectors?4. What are the different types of Bearings in marine use?5. Give reasons for vibration of a centrifugal pump? How will you remedy this condition?

7. How does a Bourdon pressure gauge work?

9. How is soot removed from Boiler tubes, and why is this necessary? 10. What is the purpose of an Oil Separator and where is it located in the refrigerating circuit? 11. What are the requirements for efficient oil-burning in Boilers? 12. What is the purpose of having an auxiliary Steam stop valve? 13. Where is the Air vent in the Boiler located? What is its purpose? 14. How will you dismantle a pump's bearings, and what are the precautions you will take? 15. What is an Air pre-heater, and where is it found?16. What is the difference between primary and secondary cells used in Batteries?17. What care is to be taken on maintenance of Breakers and Switchboard?

19. What is a Cofferdam? Why is it useful?20. How would you test for leakages in a Freon refrigerant system?21. How would you check for a blown fuse?22. How are Double bottom tanks cleaned and inspected?23. What are the causes of a bearing running hot?

2. What is the difference between a sounding and an ullage? Where are these used? What is the effect

system? What is the remedy?

8. What are the safety checks to be carried out when wearing the face mask of a Breathing

18. Discuss the differences of Low-side and High-side charging of a refrigerating plant.

24. When are portable fire-extinguishers to be re-charged, and how many charges Fire carried as spare

Q. I: In one design of Sulzer Marine Diesel engines, the Crankshaft main bearing keeps are held down by means of "jack bolts”. Why are they inclined from the vertical and not just upright'?

The central idea behind the Jackbolt design as compared with the traditional stud and nut design for holding the top keep of main bearings is to reduce the span. athwartships - of support and thus the bending induced in that area. This design enables the span of the Tie rods spacing (athwartships) to be reduced for the same effect, and minimizing the deformation that could otherwise occur in this area. If

span is further reduced in the upper arch of support, white still achieving the desired tightening load on the keep (the vertical component 1oading' and the horizontal

Q.2: The fuel oil booster pumps operate under pressure. 'Why? Different pressures are employed indifferent makes of engines - why'! .

Q6. As regards the Free surface effect, how do you explain. for TIIE SAME AREA subdivision Atite an 'unbroken' area is disastrous?

In this context, the Jackbolt design is dispensed with in the RT (Sulzer) slow speed engines where the Bedplate construction is a robust Box type and strong enough to resist deformation on this count.

Apart from the obvious reason of ensuring a continuous supply to the injection pumps by force feeding (as in any system under pressure), the boster pump ensures adequate pressure to obviate vapor binding of the hot fuel in the lines and possible cavitation in the injection pumps (in the case of HFO) (the mixing colunm or vapor separator assists in this). As to why different pressures are employed in different makes of engines, it is due to different capacities of the injection pumps - the intake, the output,

Q.3: Where a Muff coupling (with its typical conical outer sleeve) is employed to connect the tail shaft to the transmission shafting, how is the Astern thrust taken up while going astern?

The propulsion thrust (both ahead and astern) of any type of transmission and propulsion shafting is taken up solely by the Thrust Block arrangement. Therefore, any coupling in the line is wholly relieved

Q.4: In hoisting a Lifeboat, what happens to the air motor used for this purpose if the hoist upper limit is

When the said limit is reached, the limit switch renders the air supply to the motor to be bye passed (This is one preferred arrangement) and no damage is done, Otherwise it will be a case of exerting hoisting force against unyielding limit stops which will result parting of the wire ropes and a serious

Q.5: In a very critical emergency with little time to spare, while preparing to launch the lifeboats the

The Lifeboats with their 'buoyancy spaces' are unsinkable, with or without the bottom plugs in place. And there is a non-return valve in that place in one design. Still and all the plugs should be in place before lowering (A Life boat is launched and it has to make way at sea at least for a while and if the sea is rough or turbulent - as it surely win around a sinking Ship -the DYNAMIC stability may not be good enough with the boat awash and without plugs. An analogous case is the live busbars of the electrical Switchboard - nothing should happen if one comes in contact with it IF the earthing is perfect. But, if it

the wonderful phenomena of Hydrostatics ( the other being 'head' depending on height alone and irrespective of the quantity of

how.

Q,7: In calculating the Powering of Ships, how are we justified in scaling up nom the Model to the Ship? Can the same technique be

Q.10: How does 'by pass injection' help in avoiding 'surging' in Turbocharges'?

Q.12: Can a centrifugal Purifier bowl burst while in operation? Explain how.

validity of the law of similitude and the gratefully remembers even now (then a Cadet) the

Sri.K.S.Subramaniam on this and how lucidly he explained

for powering calculations is not done - however, in photo

stress strain analysis.

a specimen of the same material, say steel appears different as between hacksawing and when tested to destruction

fracture and the nature of the fracture and 'twinning' and 'dislocation' in the

are not?

Any Heat engine where heat is converted to work should be insulated and not cooled, so that heat losses are minimized, This general principle applies to exhaust gas turbo chargers also - however, cooling ( and the heat loss to the cooling water) was necessary when self contained lubrication sumps were employed with no lube oil heat exchanger ( as with ball bearing supported design) - to help maintain the lube oil viscosity within limits under operational conditions. When external1y lubricated design is adopted (as With sleeve bearing support) with heat exchangers, then the best of both worlds could be obtained -

The "ma.ss flow rate - pressure ratio" plot indicates the surging region as where the relationship 'breaks down'. By pass injection - taking part of the output air back to suction stage can lessen this imbalance

Q.11: In a two-stroke single acting main Diesel engine, the force on the Piston is always downwards. Then why need secure it to the crosshead by means of a piston securing nut?

The contention is perfectly true, but there is this contingency when an overheated piston can 'seize' and that is when this 'unwanted' nut plays its part - keeping the 'act' together ( The inertia force difference between the Piston and the Crosshead-conrod combination because of different masses is not the right

It had and in one particular instance it was due to improper assembly of the: Bowl and the screwed down lid. The locating dowels (guide pins) for the sliding piston/bowl had sheared and the assembly was forced down 'somehow'. When under high speed and hot operating conditions, the vortex formed under the sliding piston/bowl exerted enough force (the drain holes too were choked) to blow off the lid and all and very serious damage occurred. Lesson? Do not ever take anything for granted!

Q.l5: Can a Diesel engine on load 'run away'? Give specific instances and the reasons.

Q.13: The presence of oxgen in boiler water is more dangerous than a general lack of alkalinity. Do you

It is more dangerous of the two evils. intense localized 'pitting' is caused by the former, leading to metal thinning and rupture, even if the rest of the surface looks good and sound. Whereas general lack of alkalinity results in spread out wastage at much less accelerated rate and can be detected earlier and

Q.l4: In a boiler, if purging is not carried out, a backfire and explosion can result while attempting to light up. Why this explosion relives itself through the furnace front (as a 'blow back') and not

dissipate through the voluminous combustion chamber space and the open exhaust to the funnel? The explosion is due to the spontaneous ignition of die accumulated (and unpurged) combustible mixture of fuel vapor, fuel and air and this occurs not in the far inner spaces of the furnace but at the front region where the 'windbox' is (this is the region where the 'dripping fuel' can accumulate as well). So, the

In a directly coupled Engine like the large, slow speed 2-stroke Diesel engine for Marine propulsion. 'runaway' is due to loss of propeller ( or propeller emergence out of water in a bad sea) is quickly arrested by the Governor ( which is essentially meant for overspeed protection only). In the case of a Medium to High speed Diesel driving an alternator, separate overspeed protection is necessary to take care of the not uncommon instances of electrical load being thrown off suddenly - this is the function of

Q.16: This is a 'desert island' type question! You are the only person in the unmanned engine room and a local accident occurs for which you cannot raise an alarm nor can you leave the spot. What hopes have

There is the mandatory pro"1sion of i1 'Dead Man Alarm" which has to be activated (and the Bridge, which is always manned, notified) before entry is made into an unmanned machinery space for any reason. A prolonged and unacknowledged presence alerts the bridge and assistance can be on the way

Q .17: (In the most unlikely event of not having a Planimeter or a graph paper!) how can you measure

There is the good old Simpson's rule method of integrating the area under a curve by employing ordinates and half ordinates - though the mathematics behind the derivation of these rules is complex.,

Q.18: As a Senior engineer training an Engineer Cadet on board, how will you instruct him to trace the pipelines (say sea water) in the engine room and make a sketch? What are the drawbacks (if any) of a

As for the sketch proper, a TOPOGRAPHIC sketch is more effective than a mere diagrammatic

Q.20: What are the Three most important Certificates issued ONLY by the Indian maritimeAdministration for a ship? .The Safety Constmction Certificate, The Safety Equipment certificate, and the Tonnage Certificate.

1. Reactive power – wattloss power vatmeter – volts –am----------- reactive2. Apparent power (KVA)– combination of active and reactive components drawn by a load.

4. Improvement of power factor – capacitor/synchronous motor.

6. Dielectric: Perfect Dielectric – Vacuum

First the safety precautions: Do not meddle around with any valves or chip or de-rust pipes or chests without worming the Senior officer (When an enthusiastic Junior chipped away the rusted valve chest below the floor pla1e (and in another instance the cement boxed old pipe), the engine room got

one. To know if there is a valve in the line is important, but to know where it actually is vital. Many an emergency demands such knowledge for being tackled. So, indicate on your sketch such hints as the location ("near and behind the air bottle", "under the floor plate and directly below the maneuvering stand" etc) and try to draw a three dimensional sketch, with levels indicated

Q.19: It is a M.T Baer type of Situation. The Ship is rolling badly and the engine room overhead crane is unsecured (unpardonable, but it can happen!). How will you go about remedying the situation safety

The unsecured shifting masses must be tackled immediately.(The possible scenario if the carriage comes crashing down and a fuel line to the injector is ruptured, the fire therefrom etc is too horrendous contemplate) But to attempt doing it while the Ship is under way in rough Seas is extremely hazardous (a case of remedy worse than the disease). Alert Bridge to stop ship or take diversionary measures (which they know best) so that the crane can be quickly secured and a safe voyage resumed.

3. Significance of power factor: The power factor of a circuit / system is a measure of its effectiveness

5. Power loss in conductors: The forced movement of electrons through a conductor, by the application of a driving voltage, results in the generation of heat. The heating is caused by the electron collisions with atomic particles of the materials. The rate at which electric energy is converted to heat energy is a function of the existence of the conductor and the square of the current.

7. Speed control of a.c motors

8. Safe limits of electric shock 95% & 100%

120V 50V50V 25V

120V 50V

Crank shafts should be checked for the following:

Black out changeoverFeatures of Alarm Systems:

2) Automatic change over to standby power system.

4) Must advise the duty personnel of quickly of any fault condition.5) Presence of any unrectified faults should be indicated at all times.6) Indications at the control stations – visual & audible

Scoring by impurities in lubricating oil or particles embedded in white metal.Corrosion (usually apparent as discoloration) possible from weak acids

caused by oxidation of lubrication oils, (weak), bacteria in oil, products of

Cracks in fillet radu---, oil holes or other areas where stress concentration occurs.- Caused by cyclic torsiional stresses, c/shaft misalignment (work main bearing or loose chocks),

Slipped strink fit (check with marks) caused by liquid in cylinder during starting, propeller collision with submerged objects, extreme and sudden overloading of unit/units (possible as result

Ovality: This occurs infrequently but as a problem that primarily concerns the bottom end journal, though in extreme cases the mains and even the cross head pinds may be affected. It is caused by a combination of reduced effectiveness of lubricating oil and the directional thrust of

after tde.

1) Must function independent of may control or safety system i.e if will still function even if there is

3) It must be self monitoring for faults with in the alarm system itself, such as broken wire or sensor failure – Any internal system fault should cause the alarm system to give an alarm.

First up or first out – identification of the first alarm that operated with in a group or flood of alarms

Power factor: KW/KVA is a measure of its effectiveness in utilizing the apparent power it draws from

The objectives of feed water treatment and chemical control

Motor protection sets out to achieve three objectives:1. To protect the motor against rapid destruction when stalled or during run-up.2. Over ---- of the windings3. Prevent disconnection when the motor is not at risk

Circuit Breaker Maintenances Monthly : Operate ----

“Airgap” is the vertical distance between the bottom of the hull and the

Lead Acid Battery in discharged condition – Lead sulphate may harden and become non porous,

Prevention of corrosion/deposition of with in the boiler itselfPrevention of corrosion/deposition of feed and condensate system

Prevention of outage time due to failure of boiler/associated equip

Fail safe policy: If the control system has a failure, then the controlled equipment must fail to a condition so as not to cause an unsafe situation to arise, such as mechanical or thermal overloads of machinery. OAF-open on air failure, CAF-close on air failure fail fixed – the v/v remains in the position

Single phasing: This condition occurs when one of the supply lines to the motor stator becomes

Annually: Check: Fightness of all electrical connections. Condition of arching chutes and arching Clean and replace as necessary condition of main contacts, operation of closing/---- lubrication – avoid

Properties of primary refrigerant

Non-corrosive, should not react unfavorably with lubricants, moisture and materials usedHave moderate working pressure – condensing for as low as possible, in order to deep dawn

the mechanical strength required in the compressor and high pr side of the system.

The evaporating pr should be as high as possible as pr below atmos. Result in air and moisture being

have a moderate temp after compression – a low disch temp reduces the risk of oil

State with reasons the factors which influence the speed at which the engine may be safely