American Idol, The Construction of the Filipino Performer Identity and the Consumption of Television...

8/8/2019 American Idol, The Construction of the Filipino Performer Identity and the Consumption of Television Entertainment

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2/25

Mngyjom` Jkaf ms m saojmf djgfk ad jkg`{j{z daynm{ja` m`k ngm`j`b oa`s{ywo{ja`. Ms à{gk& {ejs

xmxgy rjff m`mfz|g {eg xyaifgnm{jo m{ {ra {gu{wmf fgtgfs {eg djys{ igj`b {eg `gba{jm{ja` ad

ngm`j`b iz Mngyjom` Jkaftjgrgys rj{e ear j{ mddgo{s {egjy mkax{ja` ad m yafg xgydayngy

oa`swngy ad {eg sear& m`k a` {eg sgoa`k fgtgf& ear {ejs tgyz xyaogss om` ig j`{gyxyg{gk j` {eg

fjbe{ ad oabg`{fz xw{{j b dayrmyk m` m`mfz{jo {em{ mbyggs rj{e {eg w{jfj{z ad m kgoafa`j|gk

mxxyamoe {a Xejfjxxj`g owf{wymf s{wkjgs %jd à{ m{ fgms{ m smnxfgy ad swoe mxxyamoe*.

_J[WM[GK [YMLGO[AYZ AD [EG XYG_G@[ OA@KJ[JA@

[eg Djfjxjà dj`ks ejnsgfd j` {eg njks{ ad m dymz& a`g {em{ js dymwbe{ iz xafj{jomf m`k

jkgafabjomf msswnx{ja`s& j`sxjygk ia{e iz momkgnjo jnngysja` j` {eg kjmfabwgs ad owf{wymf

s{wkjgs m`k j{s j dfgo{ja` j` {eg djgfk ad xaxwfmy owf{wyg m`k {eg jnxfjgk fjtj b ad swoe

xygkanj`m {fz owf{wymf xymo{jogs. Daowsgk iz {eg soyw{j`j|j b ad momkgnjo m`k xyadgssja`mf

j`{gygs{ byawxs %swoe ms owf{wymf s{wkjgs soeafmys& w`jtgysj{z xyadgssays& bymkwm{g s{wkg`{s& {ej`c

{m`c byawxs m`k à`batgy`ng`{mf mbgòjgs*& {eg ygmfn ad Xejfjxxj`g owf{wymf s{wkjgs js m

ygfm{jtgfz `gr mygm ad momkgnjo kjsojxfj`g fmkg` rj{e j{s ar` xyaifgnm{jo ad xyjayj{j|j`b

mxxyaxyjm{g ng{eakafabjgs m`k w{jfj|j`b {eg ygsgmyoe oa`{g`{ xyatjkgk iz oyasskjsojxfj`myz mygms

ad saojafabz& fj{gymyz {egayz& m`{eyaxafabz& xszoeafabz m`k fj`bwjs{jos.

[eg {yg`ks iyawbe{ miaw{ iz {eg oem`bgs j` {goeàfabz& nmssjtg natgng`{s ad kjmsxayjo

xgaxfg byawxs %Djfjxjàs igj b a`g ad {egn*& m`k {eg gngybg`{ {yg`ks m`k gddgo{s ad {eg

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3/25

bfaimfj|j`b rayfk goaànz& mfa`b rj{e {egjy omxj{mfjs{ w`kgy{a`gs emtg iyawbe{ miaw{ swis{m`{jmf

oem`bgs rj{e ear ygmkgys ad {ejs xmy{jowfmy xegàng`m rawfk mxxyamoe j{.

Asomy Omnxanm`gs& j` ejs gssmz [eg Tgy`mowfmy!Faomf& [eg @m{ja`mf& m`k {eg Bfaimf j`

Djfjxjà _{wkjgs& kgtgfaxs {eg jkgm {em{ {ejs kymnm{jo a`sfmwbe{ ad bfaimfj|m{ja` ems mddgo{gk ear

rg oawfk jnmbj`g {eg `m{wyg ad Djfjxjà s{wkjgs % 988?& 2:*. [eg Djfjxjà laj`s {eg ygs{ ad {eg

rayfk j` {ejs ygkwogk bfaimf tjffmbg j` rejoe guoem`bg ad owf{wyg m`k j`daynm{ja` oafaygk iz

faomf m`k gua{jo dayns ems sear` à sjb` ad sfarj`b kar`.

Rj{e {ejs j` nj`k& {eg egbgna`jo `m{wyg ad ngkjm m`k {eg j`daynm{ja` swxgyejbermz js

m` w`kjsxw{gk dya`{jgy day w`kgys{m`kj`b {ejs owf{wymf wxegmtmf. [eg Xejfjxxj`gs& {eawbe m [ejyk

Rayfk oaw`{yz& js à`g{egfgss fj`cgk j` {ejs bfaimf `g{rayc {em{ ig`gdj{s dyan {eg guoem`bg ad

owf{wymf càrfgkbg {eyawbe {eg wsg ad ngkjm m`k {goeàfabz. Rj{e mff {eg dgmys m`k mùjg{jgs

mssaojm{gk rj{e j{& {eg s{wkz ad bfaimfj|m{ja` ems j{s xyanjsgs day baak %Fgbymj`& 988?< =9*. [ejs

xegàngà` à{ a`fz sg{s {eg s{mbg day {eg xygsg`{ j`tgs{jbm{ja` day momkgnjos iw{ mfsa j`tj{gs

jòwysja`s a` saojmf xymo{jog m`k {egayj|j`b day m nayg j`dayngk kjygo{ja` ad s{wkz m`k m oeajog

ad xyaxgy ng{eakafabz {a xyaxgy mkkygss j{s {gyymj`s.

Msjkg dyan {eg faanj`b dmo{ay xfmzgk iz ngkjm m`k {goeàfabz& m ygsgmyoegy j`{a {ejs

mygm rawfk mfsa emtg {a oa`sjkgy {eg ejs{ayjomf& {eg owf{wymf m`k {eg xafj{jomf kjng`sja`s ad {eg

j`}wjyz. M{ {eg g`k ad {eg {rg`{jg{e og`{wyz& nm`z [ejyk Rayfk `m{ja`s emtg {eyar` add {eg zacg

ad oafa`jmf ywfg& j`soyjij`b {egjy sg`sg ad jkg`{j{z m{ {eg raycj`b ad {egjy ar` em`ks. [egjy

oa`s{j{wg`{ szs{gns& j`s{j{w{ja`s m`k j`kjtjkwmfs oa`dya`{gk {eg `ggk day sgfdkg{gynj`m{ja` m{ {eg

g`k ad m oafa`j|j`b xargy. [egjy ejs{ayz m`k owf{wyg rgyg s{ya`bfz j`dfwgògk iz {eg oafa`jmf

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4/25

xargys {em{ ywfgk {egn. J{ js j`gtj{mifg {a s{m{g {em{ {eg Iyj{jse& {eg Dygòe& {eg Mngyjom`s& {eg

_xm`jse m`k a{egy Gwyaxgm` xargys gs{mifjsegk m oa`sjkgymifg kgbygg ad fgbmoz j` tjy{wmffz mff

msxgo{s ad owf{wyg. [ejs oa`tgysm{ja` ig{rgg` {eg oafa`j|j`b xargys fgbmoz m`k {eg faomf

càrfgkbg fgk j`{a m` a`baj`b oa`{gs{m{ja` j` {eg daynm{ja` ad jkg`{j{z j` j{s j`kjtjkwmf&

oannw j{myjm`& ygbja`mf& m`k `m{ja`mf fgtgf {ews s{ygssj`b {eg yafg ad ear owf{wyg js {eg

jkgafabjomf im{{fgbyaw`k ad {eg nakgy` rayfkszs{gn %Rmffgy{sgj`& 9888< =59;3 _m` Lwm` Ly.&

9889< 72*.

J` owf{wymf s{wkjgs& {eg j`dfwgòg ad {eg xas{oafa`jmf xmymkjbn js m kgtgfaxj`b mygm ad

soeafmyfz j`{gygs{s sjòg j{ xyatjkgk m ngkjwn day tajogs ad [ejyk Rayfk soeafmys dyan Msjm&

Mdyjom m`k Fm{j` Mngyjom {a my{jowfm{g nakgs ad sxgmcj b& owf{wymf my{jdmo{s kjsnjssgk iz

Aoojkg`{mf kjsoawysg& rmzs ad {gu{wmf ygmkj`b m`k GwyaMngyjom` om{gbayjgs. Ms daw`kj b

xmyg {s ad xas{oafa`jmf {egayj|j`b& {eg raycs ad Gkrmyk _mjk& Bmzm{yj _xjtmc m`k Eanj Iemim

emtg xyatjkgk {eg jnxg{ws day m imyymbg ad nwf{jtmyjm{g [ejyk Rayfk tajogs j` nmcj`b {eg

swimf{gy` sxgmc m`k sgytg ms daw`km{ja`mf {gu{s j` gòawymbj`b dwy{egy kjsowssja` ad [ejyk Rayfk

oaògy`s j` {eg mygm ad owf{wymf w`kgys{m`kj`b. J` {eg Xejfjxxj`gs& m`k gtg` mna`b kjmsxayjo

ryj{gys& {eg j`dfgo{ja` ad {ejs `wmòg ad j`}wjyz js {mcj`b semxg j` {eg raycs ad oa`{gnxaymyz

soeafmys fjcg G. _m` Lwm` Ly.& Jsmbm`j Oyw|& _afgkmk Ygzgs& Asomy Omnxanm`gs m`k a{egy

gngybg`{ soeafmys j` {eg iwkkj`b mygm ad Xejfjxxj`g owf{wymf s{wkjgs. [eg raycs ad {egsg soeafmys

egfx tmfjkm{g {eg `ggk {a ygdfgo{ oyj{jomffz a` {eg `ggk {a kgtgfax j`}wjyz a` owf{wymf s{wkjgs ms j{

mxxyaxyjm{gs faomf m`k `m{jtg xyaifgns.

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5/25

OWF[WYMF _[WKJG_ M_ M XYAIFGNM[JO DAY XEJFJXXJ@G _G[[J@B

[eg à{ja` ad owf{wymf s{wkjgs ms m kjsoawysg gs{mifjsegk {eyawbe {eg raycs ad j{s daw`kj`b

dm{egys %Ymzna`k Rjffjmns& Yjoemyk Lae`sa` m`k Yjoemyk Eabbmy{* om` àr ig mxxyaxyjm{gk ms

m djgfk ad j`}wjyz j` m [ejyk Rayfk sg{{j`b. [eg oa`{yjiw{ja`s nmkg iz xas{oafa`jmf {egayjs{s

ng`{ja`gk gmyfjgy %_mjk& _xjtmc m`k Iemim* egfxgk g`yjoegk {eg djgfk day dwy{egy j`tgs{jbm{ja`s ms

j{ xyatjkgk m xgysxgo{jtg {em{ j`dayngk {eg {egayg{jomf rayc `gogssj{m{gk iz {eg ejs{ayjomf m`k

xafj{jomf raycj`bs ad [ejyk Rayfk sg{{j`bs. J` ms nwoe ms `m{ja`s j` {eg [ejyk Rayfk myg

msxjym`{s day omxj{mfjs{ s{ywo{wygs m`k oaògkg s{ya`bfz {a {eg {g`g{s ad {eg xas{j`kws{yjmf Rgs{& j{

daffars {em{ sang jd à{ mff owf{wymf xymo{jogs nm`jdgs{gk {ymogs ad {egsg xas{j kws{yjmf&

{goeàfabjomffz kyjtg` m`k omxj{mfjs{ goaànjgs.

Ogy{mj owf{wymf xymo{jogs ad fgjswyg& rayc g{ejo& saojmf ygfm{ja`s& gkwom{ja`mf&

{goeàfabjomf ms rgff ms xafj{jomf jòfj`m{ja`s rjff ig dwsgk rj{e Rgs{gy rmzs ad fjtj`b

%oannw{myjm` {ym`sxay{s& kj`j`b aw{ day ngmfs& g`{gy{mj`ng`{ oa`swnx{ja s fjcg {gfgtjsja` m`k

natjgs g{o.* [eg Xejfjxxj`gs& rj{e {eg s{ya`b gnxemsjs j` j{s dgwkmf ygfm{ja`sejxs m`k sg`sg ad

oannj{ng`{ {a oannw`j{z ojyofgs %dmnjfz& xggys& oaffgmbwgs g{o.* ig mddgo{gk iz {egsg xmy{jowfmys

ms m owf{wymf s{wkjgs mxxyamoe {a {eg nm{{gy rjff ig oafaygk iz swoe xgysxgo{jtg.

G. _m` Lwm` nmcgs m s{ya`bgy xaj`{ reg` eg }wa{gs Ymzna`k Rjffjmns j` {eg fm{{gys

gsxawsmf ad m owf{wymf s{wkjgs xyabymn {em{ js ygmfj|gk ms m` mff gòanxmssj`b rmz ad fjdg

mxxyamoe& a`g rejoe jniyjom{gs m reafg ym`bg ad mo{jtj{jgs& ygfm{ja`s m`k j`s{j{w{ja`s ad gtgyzkmz

fjdg rj{e egwyjs{jo m`k gnmòjxm{ayz xwyxasgs %_m` Lwm`& =:::< ?7*. J{ js à{ m ifj`k dmj{e j` m

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6/25

xmymkjbn {em{ daw`k j{sgfd ms oyj{joj|j`b Fgmtjsjm` m`k Myàfkjm` dymngraycs mfa`g. J` dmo{ j{ js

Rjffjmns rayc {em{ egfxgk nakgy` fj{gymyz oyj{jos m`k owf{wymf s{wkjgs soeafmys {a w`kgys{m`k {eg

fmybgy yafg ad owf{wyg j` {eg {gu{wmf xyakwo{ja` m`k oa`swnx{ja` ad fjtgk xymo{jogs. J` {eg

Xejfjxxj`gs& {eg ygoatgyz xyalgo{ ad gs{mifjsej`b faomf s{wkz ad owf{wyg ms guxygssgk j` {eg smng

omxj{mfjs{ w`kgyowyyg`{s ad xafj{jomf goaànz m`k xafj{jomf `g{raycs ad mktgy{jsj`b& nmycg{

oa`swnx{ja` m`k g`{gy{mj`ng`{ ems zg{ {a ig dwffz guxfaygk. [ews& owf{wymf s{wkjgs soeafmys egyg

fjtg j` {eg igs{ ad {jngs m`k rays{ ad {jngs. J{ js m xgyjak ad xyanjsj`b soeafmyfz s{wkjgs ms {eg

Xejfjxxj`gs rj{e j{s yjoe oafa`jmf xms{ m`k j{s xygsg`{ omxj{mfjs{ oa`swnx{jtg owf{wyg jnxygom{gk

iz ofmss kjddgygògs& rjff ig m {eayawbefz dgy{jfg saojmf djgfk day owf{wymf j`}wjyz. A` {eg a{egy

em`k m `ggk {a sgfgo{ mxxyaxyjm{g ng{eakafabjgs rjff emtg {a ig msogy{mj`gk iz soeafmys& reg{egy

{egz rjff wsg g{eàbymxez& daows byawxs& sgnja{jo mxxyamoegs& ejs{ayjomf s{wkjgs ay rem{gtgy js

`gogssj{m{gk iz {eg s{wkz. Lae` Djscg& j` ejs guxfaym{ja`s ad {eg {gyymj` ad Iyj{jse owf{wymf s{wkjgs

m`k {eg om{gbayjgs {em{ xgytmkg j{ swoe ms ofmss& mkna`jsegk soeafmys {em{ {eg xassjijfj{z ad fjd{j`b

fgssa` fgmy`gk dyan ejs j`}wjyz iw{ {egz rjff emtg {a ig ygoa`djbwygk rj{e {eg `ggks ad sxgojdjo

m`k oa`lwò{jtg dmo{ays kgnm`kgk iz swoe faomfj|m{ja`s. [ews eg sggs j{ kjddgyg`{fz jd {eg fabjomf

jnxfjom{ja`s ad ejs s{wkjgs j` {eg Iyj{jse sg{{j`b {mcg m kjddgyg`{ aw{raycj`b j` W._. %=:::< =;;*.

M sjnjfmy }wgs{ja` oawfk ig xasgk day {eg faomf sog`myja. J{ js ad oawysg m }wgs{ja` ad

reg{egy {eg xafj{jomf m`k goaànjo oa`kj{ja`s {em{ nmkg oa`{yjiw{ja`s j` {eg Iyj{jse xmymkjbn

mfsa oa`{yjiw{g {a {eg Xejfjxxj`g sg{{j`b. Djscg ems ad oawysg mknj{{gk ad {eg ofmss oa`sojaws

saojg{z xyg m`k xas{ rmy Iyj{mj` js m`k {ejs ofmss oa`sojaws`gss semxgk {eg owf{wymf s{wkjgs

dymngrayc Ymzna`k Rjffjmns kjk day owf{wymf s{wkjgs ms m reafg %ay m{ fgms{ {eyawbe ejs

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7/25

mssgssng`{ ad j{*. Bjtg` j{s dgwkmf m`k msxjyj`b omxj{mfjs{ goaànz& {eg Xejfjxxj`gs js m nwf{jxfg

fmzgy ad saojg{jgs wyim`& ywymf& ng{yaxafg& oasnaxafj{m`. Kgsxj{g {egsg fmzgys& mbbygbm{g

sawyogs ad jkg`{jdjom{ja` xafj{jos& xas{oafa`jmf kjsoawysg& {goeàoym{jo naijfj{z m`k bfaimfj|j`b

{g`kgòjgs oa`{gs{ gmoe a{egy j` {eg oygm{ja` ad m oaòyg{g kjsoawysg ad owf{wymf s{wkjgs. J{ js {eg

oasnaxafj{m` fmigf m`k j{s bfaimfj|j b nmycgy {em{ m{ m xgytmsjtg kgbygg emij{ nmlayj{z ad

Xejfjxxj`g saojg{z. [eg dgwkmf rmzs ad ygfm{j`b a`g mna`b a{egys s{jff batgy` oa`sgytm{jtg tmfwgs

m`k nakgs ad ygfm{ja`sejxs iw{ {eg axg``gss ad Xejfjxxj`g saojg{z {a {eg rayfk m`k j{s `guws ad

tmyjm { owf{wygs nmcg {eg Djfjxjà s{wykz j` {eg dmog ad oa`dfjo{j`b ms rgff ms mddjynj`b

rayfktjgrs. [ejs ems igg` ygj`dayogk iz {eg xygnjwn xfmogk a` gkwom{ja` ms m ygkgnx{jtg {aaf

day j`kjtjkwmf m`k saojmf {ym`sdaynm{ja . [ews& {eg axg``gss {a s{ym`bg m`k àtgf rmzs ad

{ej`cj`b& fjtj`b m`k ygfm{j`b. [eg }wgs{ja` {em{ ems {a ig mxxg`kgk msjkg dyan {eg jsswg ad ofmss

naijfj{z js {eg jsswg ad rmzs ad ygfm{j`b. [ejs ad oawysg js`{ m Djfjxjà guofwsjtg {ymj{ ad ygfm{ja`s

ày m sjnxfg mknjssja` ad igj`b m xygtjaws oafa`jmf gu{g`sja` ad {eg Rgs{ %ms rgff ms iz {eg

Gms{& g.b. Lmxm`*. Regyg kags owf{wymf s{wkjgs oang j` {ejs oa`dwsj`b `guws ad swxgyxargys1

Ear seawfk owf{wymf s{wkjgs }wgs{ja`s ig s{m{gk sa {em{ sggcgys ad {yw{e nmz myyjtg m{ m

ngm`j`bdwf m`k fjigym{j`b m`srgy sxgojmffz a`g {em{ js m{{w`gk {a Djfjxjà sg`sjijfj{jgs m`k rmzs

ad dggfj`b m`k {ej`cj`b1 Rejfg {ejs omffs day m bym`k owf{wymf xyalgo{ {em{ yg}wjygs ofgmy {ej`cj`b

m`k tafwnjàws j`{gyoem`bg ad jkgms& {ejs xmxgy rjff m{{gnx{ {a m`srgy {egsg }wgs{ja`s rj{e {eg

jkgm ad m sxgojdjo saojmf djgfk ad j`}wjyz j` nj`k< g`{gy{mj`ng`{.

[eg djgfk ad j`}wjyz js m yjoe m`k kjtgysg sxmog. _m`j{z m`k ofmyj{z yg}wjyg {em{ m fjnj{ seawfk ig

jnxasgk a` {ejs iyamk mygm& {eg xygsg`{ ryj{gy rjff daows a` {gfgtjsja` ygogx{ja` m`k jkg`{j{z

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8/25

mxxyaxyjm{ja` ad m` g`{gy{mj`ng`{ xyabymn %m ygmfj{z bmng sear!oanxg{j{ja` Mngyjom` Jkaf*.

Rj{e {ejs j` nj`k& sgtgymf }wgs{ja`s rjff emtg {a ig xasgk< Rem{ sjb`jdjomòg %jd j{ ems m`z* kags

Mngyjom` Jkafemtg day Djfjxjà tjgrgys1 Rem{ nakgs ad sjb`jdjomòg ay oa`{gs{m{ja` mxxgmy m{

{eg tay{gu ad {ejs kjsoawysg1 Js Mngyjom` Jkafsjnxfz m bfaimfj|j`b {eygm{ ad Mngyjom` owf{wymf

jnxgyjmfjsn1 Ear kags {eg sear oa`{yjiw{g {a {eg Djfjxjàs xgòem`{ day xgydaynmòg1 Rjff {eg

xwyswj{ ad m{{mj`ng`{ ad bygm{ Mngyjom` kygmn %ms swioa`sojawsfz sjb`jdjgk j` {eg Mngyjom` Jkaf

{gu{* rayc day Djfjxjàs1 Kags j{ xgyxg{wm{g m dmfsg sg`sg ad jkg`{j{z m`k oygm{g m swilgo{ xasj{ja`

{em{ js msznng{yjomf {a Djfjxjà rmzs ad fjtj`b1 Rem{ {egayg{jomf xmymkjbns dj{ rgff {a mktmòg

{eg jkgm ad {gfgtjsja` ygogx{ja` m`k xgydaynmòg swilgo{ xasj{ja` dwsja`1

[egsg }wgs{ja`s myg ms oa`daw`kj`b ms {egz myg oa``go{gk {a a{egy msswnx{ja`s {em{ `ggk

{a ig wòatgygk& iw{ day àr day {eg smcg ad sjnxfjoj{z m`k j` {eg sxjyj{ ad oemyj{z& {eg daows àr

js a` {eg m`srgyj`b ad {egsg }wgs{ja`s. Day m ig{{gy w`kgys{m`kj`b ad {eg xmymkjbns oam{gk j`

{egsg j`}wjyjgs& rg àr {wy` {a {eg `gu{ sgo{ja` ad {ejs xmxgy day ejs{ayjomf swytgz m`k km{m

bm{egyj`b ad ygfgtm`{ oa`s{ywo{s ymjsgk j` {ejs xay{ja`.

[GOE@AFABZ& [GFGTJ_JA@ M@K XEJFJXXJ@G TGRGY_EJX

Ms à{gk j` m xygtjaws sgo{ja` ad {ejs xmxgy& {eg wij}wj{aws `m{wyg ad {goeàfabz om`à{

ig jbàygk. [eg oem`bgs m{ {eg igbj``j`b ad {eg `j`g{gg`{e og`{wyz kjk à{ a`fz mddgo{ {eg nmlay

rayfk goaànjgs iw{ {egjy oafa`jgs ms rgff %_m`{as& 988=3 Kwmym& 988=3 Omnxanm`gs& 988?*.

[eg oem`bgs {em{ {aac xfmog omng a` {eg dayn ad {goeàfabjomf mktmògng`{ {em{ mddgo{gk rmzs

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9/25

ad fjtj`b& oemffg`bj b {ymkj{ja`mf tmfwgs& nakgy j|j`b mxxyamoegs {a ear {ej`bs myg ka`g j` fjdg

m`k {ym`sdaynj`b ms rgff awy sg`sg ad ygdfgujtj{z m`k ear rg ygfm{g {a awysgftgs& a{egys m`k {eg

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10/25

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11/25


12/25

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13/25

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14/25

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=;


15/25

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=7


16/25

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=4


17/25

MIO 7 %{eg faomf [T `g{rayc rea ba{ j{s dymòejsg ad iyamkoms{j`b {eg xyabymn* j{s `ggkgk

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bg`gymfj|m{ja` {em{ gtgyz tjgrgy ad {eg xyabymn rawfk rm`{ {a ka` {eg dmseja` ad Xmwfm Mikwf ay

mkax{ {eg scgx{jojsn ad _jna` Oargff. Rejfg {em{ nmz mfsa ig m xassjijfj{z %m`k {egyg myg xgaxfg

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`gu{ Mngyjom` Jkaf*. Rj{e {ejs ygxygsg`{m{ja` ad [T xyabymnnj`b ms sang{ej`b omswmf ay fjdg

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ar`.

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[eg sgmsa` m`k {eg gxjsakgs ad {eg sear owfnj`m{g j` {eg bym`k dj`mfs ms {eg ezxg m`k

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m`k nmkg {a ygmoe `gmy xgydgo{ja` m`k {eg ailgo{ ad {eg `m{ja`s mknjym{ja`.

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[a smz {em{ {eg Djfjxjà mwkjgògsejx mxxyaxyjm{gs {ejs sjnjfmy `myym{jtg js ad oawysg gmsjgy

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ygogx{ja` ad {ejs {gu{wmf `myym{jtg js kgxg`kg`{ a` ogy{mj` tmyjmifgs.

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Ear kags {eg Djfjxjà mwkjgòg mooannakm{g m`k oa`s{ywo{ ngm`j`b aw{ ad {eg {ejoc

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oa`s{ywo{ja` m`k dwy{egy g`yjoegk iz m xas{oafa`jmf xms{.

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