Alternative Energy From Biomass

7/30/2019 Alternative Energy From Biomass

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Radi

Bambang P.

Agricultural Energy and Machinery Laboratory

Department of Agricultural Engineering

Faculty of Agricultural Technology

Gadjah Mada University

ALTERNATIVE ENERGY FROM BIOMASS


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Situation:

Indonesian is highly dependent on oil products forits energy consumption (55%), approximately 66million kiloliters of subsidized oil products is usedup every year

Energy consumption increase by > 10% yearly inthe last 5 years

Indonesias crude oil production is decreasebecome importer and worsen by fluctuation priceof international oil

Increasing of population increasing ofconsumption and energy

Energy crisis will be happen


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Oil Crisis Implication:

Due to Oil Crisis, Government are forced to: Increase oil price for industry and

Reduce quota of supply

Affecting the productivity many industries are forced to:

cut down their production capacity, or close down their business operation

Resulting to unemployment,decrease of economicgrowth, and lower livelihoodquality


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Solution Alternative Energy

Power Plant Hydro

Geothermal

Wind Etc.

Fuel Source Bio-Fuel (bio-

ethanol, bio-

diesel, methane)

Bio-Briquette Etc.

Equipments Solar Dryer

Solar Cooker

Etc.


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Efforts to produce alternative energy:

Producing bio-diessel need more

researches

Producing bio-ethanol competition

between consumption and energy

Utilizing/ conversion of waste biogas

& gasification


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Sources of bio-diessel


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Sources of bio-ethanol


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Potency of agricultural waste (biomass)

Biomass material which save solar energy by

photosynthesis process Advantage biogas (bio digestion & gasification)

Some of biomass resources:

Items

Production

(jt ton/th)

Energy

(juta GJ/th)Logging residue (sisa logging) 1,2 11,0

Saw dust (Limbah gergajian kayu) 1,1 10,6

Fruit bunch of palm oil (Tandan klp sawit) 3,5 15,4

Palm oil fiber (sabut buah sawit) 3,7 35,3

Palm oil shell (Cangkang buah sawit) 1,3 17,2

Waste of Cane (Bagas tebu) 6,5 78,0

Rice husk (Sekam padi) 14,3 179,0

Coconut shell (Tempurung kelapa) 1,1 18,7

Coconut fiber (Sabut kelapa) 2,0 24,0

Stem of corn (Tongkol jagung) 10 450,1


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Simple design and successfully applied insome place minimize the elpiji

consumption (up to 50%)

Waste: liquid waste of tofu & livestock waste

StoveBio digester of tofu waste

(Tegal, central java)


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Gasification of biomass

Biomass is material that can causepollution because its easy to degrade

by micro organism

Way to convert biomass material (solid)

gas that is easy to burn using heater

and media (air, water, gas)

That is the wisdom way gas is easy to

use as fuel, clean, and simple to save


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Gasification process

Processes: drying,pyrolystic, oxidation, and

reduction

Heating is needed for all process

Drying reducing water contain from

biomass

pyrolystic decomposition of biomass (solid)

become solid (small size), liquid, gases

Oxidation burning of biomass

Reduction synthetic of CO


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Gasification process


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Fixed Bed Gasifier

Air

dust

Gas

Biomass

Air

dust

Gas

Biomass

air

dust

Gas

Biomass

UPDRAFT CROSSDRAFTDOWNDRAFT


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Strategy to develop gasifier

Updraft: Efficient, but gas is too dirty Downdraft: more clean but not efficient

Cross draft: between (updraft downdraft)

Performance influenced by: Temperature of media (air) & solid material

Humidity of the media

Biomass and media flow

Size of material

Condition of material

Heat losses

Based on technical, economical, ergonomical we

prefer to develop


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Generation-1

Termokopel

Manometer

Reaktor Gas

(downdraft gasifier)blower

o

Set kompor

o

o

o

R. Pengeringan

R. Pirolisa

R. Pembakaran

R. Reduksi

(a)


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Performance test:

Sample: waste of sugar palm (limbah aren) Gas composition:

Dominant gas: CO and N2

Problem high residue: 35,3% dust, 58,9%carbon, 5,8% biomass dan tar (bio oil)

58,02,76,818,11,57,4Average

51,1

66,3

0,1

7,0

5,4

10,2

14,1

20,8

0,3

2,8

4,1

12,4

Range

N2O2CO2COCH4H2Value / gas


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60

120

180

240

300

360

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Debit (m3/jam)

Suhu(C)

pengeringan

pirolisis

pembakaran

reduksi

Performance test:

Output Energy

75

78

81

84

87

90

93

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Debit (m 3/jam)

Waktu(menit)

Time to produce gas

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

15001600

1700

1800

1900

2000

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Debit (m 3/jam)

Kalor(kJ

)

Temperature of each process

Depend on thedebit of media(air)


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Generation 2

Termokopel

Manometer

Reaktor Gas

(downdraft gasifier)blower

o

Set kompor

o

o

o

R. Pengeringan

R. Pirolisa

R. Pembakaran

R. Reduksi

(a)

Auger

Design

modify the outlet mechanism of theresidue by adding an auger

Result the performance is better than the first

generation

- Increasing thetemperature of allprocesses up to75 oC

- The material flowis also stable

- Still produce muchtar


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Generation 3

o

o

H o p p e r

P e n g u m p a n

S i k l o n

A u g e r

U d a r a

P e m a d a t

G a s

B i o m a s s

R e a k t o r


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Gasifier developed at our laboratory

Generation 1 Generation 2 Generation 3


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Application for cooking


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Application for agricultural product drying


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Application for engine


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[email protected]

Alternative Energy From Biomass

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