Alphabet Quickies

7/31/2019 Alphabet Quickies

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QUICKIES


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Diseases and Pathognomonic Signs

A

Abdominal Aortic Aneurism

- pulsating abdominal mass

Abruptio Placenta

- painful bleeding, board-like abdomenAcute Renal Failure

- azotemia, uremic frost on skin


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Addisons Disease

- bronze pigmentation of skinAngina Pectoris

- pain upon exertion

Appendicitis

- Mc Burneys sign

Atrial Septal Defect

- murmur heard high on chest

Autism

- rocking, spinning, routines


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B

Bacterial Vaginosis- grayish white discharges

Basilar Fracture

- raccoons eyeBreech Birth

- meconium staining

Bulimia Nervosa- Binge eating


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C

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning- cherry pink flushed face, carbon in thesecretions, non-productive cough

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome- Jack Hammer Syndrome (TINELs sign)

Cataract

- cloudy visionCeliac Disease

- gluten sensitivity, foul smelling stool


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Chicken Pox

- maculopopular rashCholera

- rice water stools

Colic

- pulling up of arms and legs, red-faced

crying

COPD

- barrel chest, clubbing of fingers


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Cushings Syndrome

- moon face, buffalo hump

CVA

- homonymous hemianopsia

Cystocele & Rectocele

- feeling of fullness at vagina


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Delirium- recent and past memory defect

Dementia

- recall or learning memory impairmentDetached Retina

- flashes of light, shadow/ curtain across the

visionDM

- polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia


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Diptheria

- pseudomembrane

Diverticular Disease

- cramping, colicky pain in left lower

abdominal quadrant

Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21)

- saddle nose, brushfields spots


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E

Ectopic pregnancy

- Cullen sign

Endometriosis

- premenstrual pain decreasing as

menstrual flow decreases


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F

Failure to Thrive (FTT)

- Radar gaze

G

GERD

- Barret esophagus

Glaucoma

- halos around the light, tunnel vision


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Graves Disease

- exopthalmia

HHemophilia

- hemarthoses

Hepatic Disease

- asterixis, jaundice


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Hirschprungs Disease

- ribbon-like, foul smelling stool

H-mole

- grapelike growth, large abdomen

Hydrocephalus

- Setting sun eyes

Hypocalcemia

- Trousseau sign, Chvostek Sign,Hyperreflexia


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I

Increased ICP- high pitch cry

Increased IOP

- Dolls eyeIntestinal Obstruction

- no passage of meconium

IDA- activity intolerance


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K

Kawasaki

- strawberry tongue

Kleibsiella Pneumonia

- red gelatinous sputum

L

Left-sided Heart Failure

- pulmonary manifestations


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Low birth weight

- less than 2.5kg or 5 1/2lbs

Lyme Disease

- red-tinged circular rash (erythema

chronicum migrans)

M

Malaria- blackwater fever


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Menieres Disease

- whirling vertigo, tinnitus

Meningitis

- Kernigs sign, Brudzinskis sign

Moniliasis

- white cheesy discharge


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Multiple Sclerosis

- descending weakness, Charcots Sign(intention tremor, nystagmus, scanning

speech)

Myasthenia Gravis

- nasal smile

Mycoplasmal Pneumonia

- nonproductive that progresses to mucoid

sputum


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Myocardial Infarction

- Levine sign, viselike or crushing painradiating to shoulder, arms, jaw or back

O

Opthalmia Neonatorum

- purulent conjunctivitis

Oral Thrush

- white patches on tongue


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Osteoporosis

- kyphosis

Otosclerosis

- ringing or buzzing, longer bone

conduction than air conduction

P

Pancreatitis

- steatorrhea


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PDA

- machinery-type murmur throughout theheartbeat in the left 2nd or 3rd interspace

Parkinsons Disease

- pill rolling, bradykinesia, rigidityPeritonitis

- board-like abdomen

Pernicious Anemia- Beefy red tongue


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Pertusis

- paroxysmal cough ending with a whoop

PID

- fever, vaginal discharges, lower

abdominal cramping


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Placenta Previa

- painless bright red bleeding

Pneumococcal Pneumonia

- purulent rusty sputum

Pneumothorax (Flail Chest)

- paradoxical respirationloose chest

segment moves inward during respiration

and outward during expiration


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PIH

- edema, proteinuria, hypertension

Preterm infant

- 36 weeks or less

Prolapse Uterus

- pelvic heaviness

Pulmonary Embolism- sudden dyspnea, sharp pleuritic pain


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Pyloric Stenosis

- projectile vomiting, non bile stainedvomitus,

R

Rabies

- hydrophobia

Retinoblastoma

- diminished vision, strabismus, retinal

detachment, abnormal pupilary reflex


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Right Ventricular Failure

- Systemic manifestation

Rocky-Mountain Spotted Fever

- rose colored macules

Rubella (German Measles)

- Foreschimers Spot (small red macules onsoft palate)

Rubeola (Measles)- Koplik spots


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S

Schizophrenia- Association, affect, ambivalence, autistic

thinking

Sickle Cell Anemia

- painful episodes or vaso-occlusive

crisis

Staphyloccocal Pneumonia

- yellow-blood streaked sputum


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SIDS

- frothy, blood-tinged fluid fills mouth andnose

Syphilis

- chancre on genitalia, mouth, anus

SLE

- butterfly rash on face


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T

Tetanus (lockjaw)- spasms

TOF

- Pulmonary valve stenosis, RVH,Overriding of the Aorta, VSD

Thrombophlebitis

- Homans signTracheoesophageal Fistula

- coughing, choking, cyanosis


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Trichomoniasis

- malodorous thin yellow discharges

Typhoid fever

- rose-colored papules on the abdomen

Tuberculosis

- low grade fever, night sweats, hemoptysis


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U

Ulcerative Colitis- bloody, watery, purulent, mucoid stools

V

Varicosities

- tortous veins


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VSD

- low, harsh murmur heard throughoutsystole


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Common Laboratory Values

Albumin

3.5-5.0 g/100 ml

Ammonia

12-55 umol/L

Amylase

4-25 units/ml


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AST, SGOT

Male: 8-46U/L

Female: 7-34U/L

Bilirubin

Total: up to 1.0mg/100ml

Bleeding Time

3-7 minBUN

8-25mg/ml


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Calcium

8.5-10.5mg/100ml

Carbon Dioxide

24-30mEq/L

Chloride

100-106mEq/L

Cholesterol


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ESR

Male: 1-13mm/Hr

Female: 1-20mm/Hr

Fibrinogen

160-450mg/dlGlucose

70-110mg/100ml

HCO322-26mmol/L


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HDL

30-75mg/dl

Hemoglobin

Male: 13-18g/ 100ml

Female: 12-16g/ 100mlHematocrit

Male: 45-52%

Female: 37-48%


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Iron

50-150u/100 ml

WBC

-10,000-15,000/mm3

LDH70-180

Lipase

2 units/ml or less


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Magnesium

1.5-2 mEq/l

pH

7.35-7.45

PO275-100mmHg

PCO2

35-45mmHg


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Phosphorus

3.0-4.5mg/ 100ml

Platelets

150,000-400,000/mm3

Potassium3.5-5mEq/l

Protein

6.0-8.4g/ 100ml


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PT

10-12 sec

PTT

30-45 sec

RBCMale: 4.6-6.2 million/ mm3

Female: 4.2-5.9 million/mm3

Sodium135-145mEg/L


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T3

75-195 ng/ 100ml

T4, total

4-12 u/ml

Thrombin Time11-15 sec

Triglycerides

40-150mg/ 100ml


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TSH

0.5-5U/ml

Urea Nitrogen

8-25mg/ 100ml

Uric Acid

Male: 4-9 mg/dl

Female: 3-6.6 mg/dl


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DIAGNOSTIC TESTS &

PROCEDURES

Ayaw intawon kalimti


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Cardiovascular System

Electrocardiography

- noninvasive test

- graphical representation of the hearts

electrical activity

- interpret EKG for changes


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Holter Test Monitoring(Ambulatory EKG)

- noninvasive test

- records the hearts electrical activity andcardiac events for 24 hours

- advise the patient on activity limitations

while wearing monitor


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Cardiac Catheterization

- invasive, fluoroscopic procedure

- examines intracardiac structure,pressure, oxygenation and cardiacoutput.

- Note the patients allergies beforetesting

- Report immediately if with chest pain


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Echocardiography

- noninvasive test

- uses echoes from sound waves to

visualize intracardiac structures and

blood flow

- Determine the patients ability to liestill.


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Stress Testing

- noninvasive test

- study of the hearts electrical activityand ischemic events during levels ofexercise.

- Light breakfast before the test- STOP the test if patient developscardiopulmonary symptoms


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Respiratory SystemBronchoscopy

- invasive test

- allows for visualization of the trachea

and bronchial tree

- Check cough and gag reflex AFTER

procedure


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Pulmonary Angiography

- invasive test involving injection of

radiopaque dye

- allows for radiographic examination of

pulmonary circulation

-NOTE allergies to iodine, seafoods, andradiopaque dyes BEFORE test


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Thoracentesis

- invasive procedure using needle

aspiration

- allows removal of pleural fluid and

specimen examination

- PLACE the patient in proper position


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Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)

- noninvasive test

- measures lung capacity

- Document bronchodilators or narcotics

used before testing


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Arterial Blood Gas analysis (ABG)

- blood test

- arterial blood measurements of tissue

oxygenation, ventilation and acid-base

balance.

- APPLY pressure to the site 5 minutesafter procedure


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Lung Biopsy

- invasive test

- removal of a small amount of lung tissue

for histologic evaluation

- OBSERVE for signs of pneumothorax

and air embolism after procedure


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Nervous SystemElectroencephalography (EEG)

- noninvasive test

- graphic representation of the brains

electrical activity

- WITHHOLD medications and caffeine

8 hours before the procedure


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Cerebral Angiogram

- invasive procedure using a radiopaque

dye

- allows examination for the cerebral

arteries

- NOTE patients allergies before theprocedure


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Lumbar Puncture

- invasive test

- collection of CSF for analysis

- CONTRAINDICATED in the presence

of increased ICP


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Lower GI Series (Barium Enema)

- Allows for examination of the large

intestine after administration of a bariumenema

- BEFORE procedure, withhold food


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Endoscopy

- procedure using an endoscope for

visualization

- WITHHOLD food and fluids 6 to 12

hours before the test


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Fecal Occult Blood Test

- laboratory test using a reagent

- analysis of stool for blood

- ADVISE the patient to AVOID red

meat, iron and high fiber for 1 to 3 days

prior to the procedure


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Fecal Fat Test

- laboratory test using a stain

- analysis of stool for fat

- ADVISE the patient to restrict alcohol

intake and maintain a high-fat diet for 72

hours before examination


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Cholangiography

- invasive procedure using an injection of

a radiopaque dye through a catheter- allows for examination of the biliary

duct system

- BEFORE the procedure, note thepatients allergies


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Liver Scan

- invasive procedure using an IV

injection of a radioisotope- provides an image of blood flow in the

liver

- Assess the patient for allergic reactionafter the procedure


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Gastric Analysis

- aspiration of the contents of the

stomach through an NG tube- measures the acidity of gastric

secretions

- Instruct NOT TO SMOKE for 8 to 12hours before the test


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Ultrasonography

- noninvasive procedure that uses echoes

from sound waves- provides visualization of body organs

- WITHHOLD food and fluids for 8 to 12

hours before the procedure


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Urinary SystemUrinalysis

- laboratory test for urine

- examines the color, appearance, pH,specific gravity, protein, glucose, ketones,

RBCs, WBCs and casts

- OBTAIN first morning urine specimen


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Urine Culture and Sensitivity


- detects bacteria

- Collect midstream sample in sterile

container


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24-hour Urine Collection


- samples collected over 24 hours todetermine kidney function

- instruct the patient to void and note

time

- discard the first urine collected


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Blood Chemistry

- laboratory test of blood sample

- analysis for potassium, sodium, calcium,phosphorus, glucose, bicarbonate, BUN,

creatinine, protein, albumin, and

osmolality- check the site for bleeding


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Cystoscopy

- procedure using cystoscope to visualize

the bladder- Check the patients urine for blood clots

after the procedure


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Renal Angiography

- procedure using injection of radiopaque

dye through a catheter- examination of the renal arterial supply

- NOTE the patients allergies before the

procedure


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Hematopoietic System

Bone Marrow Examination

- percutaneous removal of bone marrow

- examines erythrocytes, leukocytes,thrombocytes, and precursor cells

- GIVE analgesics or , as ordered.


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Shilling Test

- administration of oral radioactive

cyanocobalamin and I.M.cyanocobalamin

-microscopic examination of 24-hour

urine sample of cyanocobalamin- WITHHOLD food and fluids post HS

Alphabet Quickies

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