Alimentarea Corecta a Pestilor

JBL was one of the first torecognise the trend towards natu-

ral feeding appropriate for each species of aquarium fish.

JBL places great value on the high quality of itsfish feed flakes. By using the most up-to-date for-mula when mixing different types of flakes, thecomposition of the feed mixtures meet the feedingrequirements of differing groups of fish.

The following table showing the range ofJBL feeds as well as the most common aquariumfish will assist you in compiling a varied, high-quality menu specifically designed to meet theneeds of your aquarium fish.

We hope the JBL feed range increases thesuccess and pleasure you gain from your

"water babies". Remember: species-specific fee-ding can only have the required effect if the fishare kept in the conditions appropriate for the spe-

cies. Your local specialist aquarium supplier willbe pleased to give advice and recommend literatu-re on this subject.

Further JBL WWH booklets dealing with otherassociated topics are also available from youraquarium supplier.

Art

.Nr.

962

24 1

0

V02

GBYOUR SPECIALIST DEALER

Please do not forget that species-specific feeding can only have the desired success if the other

conditions in the aquarium also meet the needs of your fish. Your

specialist aquaristic retailer will be pleased to give you advice and recommend further literature.

JBL-WWH-BROCHURESon other topics from the field of aquaristics are also

available from your specialist retailer.

Ahead through research

OF AQUARIUM FISH

What - Why - How?

Correct feeding29

Published byJBL GmbH & Co.KGD- 67141 Neuhofen/Pfalzwww.jbl.de

3rd revised edition 2006Texts: Dr. Rainer Keppler, Biologe im Hause JBLLayout: akzenta PR, D- 53797 Lohmar


Contents Page

1. Why species-specific feeding? 2

2. The ingredients 2 - 7

3. Looking at the feeding habits of fish "How much" protein, fat etc.? 8 - 9Various forms of feed 10 - 13Food for specific groups of fish 14 - 16

4. Varied feeding 17 - 18

5. Feeding techniques 19

6. Fish fry 20 - 21

7. The wide range of JBL feeds 22 - 27

8. Supplementary vitamins 28

9. Professional feeding and care...JBL feeding table 29

Umschlag ENGL. innen.org 17.11.2006 21:40 Uhr Seite 1

128

8. SUPPLEMENTARY VITAMINSAll flaked feeds in the JBL NOVO range contain a well-balanced complex of multivitamins, asalready described. It may nevertheless be necessary, in certain situations, to give additionalvitamins. JBL Atvitol, a liquid multivitamin supplement, was developed for this reason. Atvitol helps fish to cope better in certain temporary stressful situations, for example:

during treatment of an illness and in the subsequent convales cent phase during and after transportwhen new fish are introducedafter major work in the aquarium

Please remember: only temporary stressful situations can be bet-ter coped with using supplementary vitamins. Permanent stresse.g. caused by unsuitable conditions, cannot be alleviated by vita-mins however high the dosage! The beneficial micro-organisms inthe aquarium also regularly need vitamins in order to maintain thebest possible cleaning power. An additional dosage of vitamins inthe aquarium water is also beneficial after treatment of fish illnes-ses, which often has a detrimental affect on the filter bacteria.Should you not use up an opened can of feed within 2 months, forwhatever reason, the decreased vitamin content of the feed cau-sed by over-long exposure to the air may be improved by the addi-tion of JBL Atvitol. Simply add one or two drops of JBL Atvitol tothe feed just before feeding.

It is not only a question of feeding fish suf-ficient quantities of just any feedstuff. It ismost important that the special feedingrequirements of the "water babies"are met as closely as possible.

This brochure explains the significance of species-specific feeding and shows you how to provide healthy andvaried feeds whichspecifically meet theneeds of your aquariumfish using the wide range of JBL fishfood.

Over millions of years fish, like all otherforms of life, have adapted themselves tocertain feeding methods and forms of nou-rishment which are available in sufficientquantities in their natural habitat. Only invery rare cases do aquarium fish find ade-quate quantities of any one type of feed intheir tank without our assistance.

One of the most important and interestingtasks of an aquarium keeper is to feed the fishin a healthy and sensible manner as well as toconsider the environmental conditions.

INTRODUCTION

Vitamins promote vitality, brilliant colouring, health and readiness to spawn.


32A range of feeds whose compositionmeets the natural requirements of fishas fully as possible makes a vital contri-bution to building up the fishes' resi-stance to diseases and parasites, whencombined with suitable environmentalconditions such as water quality etc.Varied and specific feeds also improvereadiness to spawn.

1. WHY

SPECIES-SPECIFIC FEEDING?

Incorrect feeding, as well as causing pos-sible damage to internal organs (e.g.fatty liver, inflammation of the intestinesetc.), may also weaken the immunesystem and therefore enable potentialdisease carriers to attack the fish.

Considering the enormous variety offoodstuff which many species of fish findin their natural habitat, it seems impossi-ble at first sight to meet all the differentrequirements in an aquarium.

But however varied the individual sour-ces and the ecological niches of the dif-ferent types may be, results of muchresearch in this field show that all thesesources of food have certain ingredientsin common which are vital to healthy andspecific nutrition.

Using this information it is now possible,for example, to produce flaked feeds

2. WHAT INGREDIENTSSHOULD SPECIES-SPECIFIC FEED FOR AQUARIUM FISH CONTAIN

Fish which have been fed correctlyaccording to their needs are able to copevery well with temporarily stressfulsituations without an outbreak of illness.

For example, transport, temporary fluc-tuations in water values, handling in thetank etc. are all factors which can causestress. We must however point out thateven the best feeding cannot compen-sate for permanent stress, (e.g. con-stantly incorrect water values, incorrectassociation of species etc.) Fish keptincorrectly will sooner or later fall victimto disease!

The correct feeding of aquarium fishshould always be combined withthoughtful design of the fishes' environ-ment.

combination of different protein sourcessuch as fish, shrimps, soya and others.As fish, in contrast to warm-bloodedcreatures (birds, mammals, man), needproteins not only for growth but also inpart as an energy source for movement,fish food must also contain more proteinthan food for warm-blooded pets.

Take a magnifying glass to your feed. JBL feed flakes are produced only fromcarefully selected, high-quality raw materials e.g.:

1 fish meat

2 shrimps/ common freshwater shrimps

3 soya beans

4 yeast

ProteinsProteins are the most important ele-ments of all animal organisms. Growthcannot take place without them.

Proteins consist of many amino acids,joined together like links in a chain, theorder determining the function of theparticular protein in the organism. Of allthe amino acids known so far, 12 areconsidered to be vital ( or essential) forfish according to today's scientific thin-king. This means that these 12 aminoacids must be present in sufficient quan-tities and in specific proportions in theprotein component of the fish food.

All the other amino acids needed by thefish to make their own proteins can beproduced in the body from these 12essential ingredients. The protein sour-ces which ideally meet these require-ments are primarily organisms found inwater, especially fish themselves, andplant protein carriers, e.g. soya. JBLfish feed therefore contains a balanced

PROTEINS

LIPIDS (FATS)

CARBOHYDRATES

FIBRES

VITAMINS

MINERALS

??

which contain all the vital ingredients forone particular type of fish.

These are: proteins, lipids (fats), carbohydrates, fib-res, vitamins and minerals.

4 5

The fats obtained from warm-blooded ani-mals, (cows, pigs etc.), are solid at thesetemperatures and, if included in the feeds,

would be excreted in an almost undigestedstate, which could lead to serious inflam-mation of the intestines.Fats obtained from aquatic organisms areideal for feeding fish. They contain the so-called unsaturated fats which are essentialfor growth, health and colouring. Somevegetable fats also contain these unsatu-rated fats, but in far lower quantities.By processing fish oil, shrimps and otheraquatic organisms, as well as soya, JBLfish feed contains fat which ideally meetsthese requirements.

Lipids or fatsParticular attention should be paid to the roleof fats in the feeding of fish. Fats provide fishabove all with an easily accessible and highlynutritious source of energy for movement andmetabolism, both of which use a great deal ofenergy. However, fish are not able to digestevery type of fat i.e. use them as an energysource.

A general rule: only those fats whichare liquid at the optimum temperaturerequired by a particular species of fish,(as a rule approx. 25°C), are suitablenourishment for that type of fish.

The danger of incorrect feeding is far greater in anaquarium than in the wild. Therefore it is impor-tant that fish feed for aquarium fish contains allthe vital ingredients in carefully balanced proporti-ons.

CarbohydratesCarbohydrates originate almost exclusi-vely from the plant world and are characte-rised by sugar, starch and cellulose. Withthe exception of plant-eating fish, starchesand cellulose, because of their complexstructure, can be utilised by fish very little,if at all. Simpler structures, such as glu-cose, can be more easily used and areuseful to a certain extent as an energysource in feed.

Cooking breaks down starch, and to somedegree cellulose too, into its basic compo-nents making it "digestible".

moisture 6.3%

NfE

32,8 %(carbohydrate)

crude a

sh 9.7%

Rohfett 7,5%

crude fibre 1.4%

JBL NOVObelcrude protein 45.2%

Fibres

Fibres, (mainly vege-table), have no direct nutritional value themselves but are responsible as ballast material for the correct functio-ning of the digestive system, as in humans too.

JBL flaked feeds contain a variety of

vegetable raw materials which provide

the correct fibre content.

JBL's flake feed range offers a wide variety of species-specific feeds for even themost fastidious of fish.

Starches treated in this manner, (asalready described for glucose), may be uti-lised by fish in certain amounts.

The starch content of JBL flaked feedis made more easily digestible forfish by being heated duringthe manufacturing process. At the same time the starch content ensures that the individual ingredients stay combined together in the typical flake form.

The use of a wide spectrum of different types of grains, vegetables and herbs in JBL Flake Foods provides a healthy, varied range of vegetable starch carriers and vital vegetable matter for all species of fish. The ingredients contained in high-grade herbs with their essen-tial oils, alkaloids and other valuable substances make the food readily acceptable to fish and improve their vitality. In parti-cular, the ingredients contained in the garlic counteract diseases and ensure that the fish remain healthy.

6Vitamins and Minerals

Vitamins are active substances whichsimilarly have no nutritional function. Theycontrol many vital metabolic functions. Forthis reason vitamins are required in muchlower quantities than other forms of nutri-tion.

Lack of vitamins may, however, lead toserious and often irreversible damage tothe organism.

Vitamins A and E are especially important.Vitamin A increases the body's resistanceto disease, promotes growth, health andvision. Vitamin E improves fertility aboveall, (hence the name given to it in the pastthe "fertility vitamin"), and protects vitaminA and the unsaturated fats mentioned ear-lier against decay.

The fats with many unsaturated fatty acids,which play a vital role in the diet of fish, asalready mentioned, are highly perishable.Oxygen in the air quickly leads to the oxi-dation (becoming rancid) of these unsatu-rated fatty acids in the food. This renders the food practically worthless,even damaging for the fish, not to mentionthe unpleasant smell. Vitamin E also playsan important role here in protecting thevaluable unsaturated fatty acids in the foodfrom decay. Substances which have thisprotective function are referred to as antio-xidants.

In addition to Vitamin E, some chemicalcompounds also have this function. One

As end-user you can see this in the decla-ration "with antioxidant E 306”. Under theregulations relating to the ingredients infood, this indicates plant extracts with ahigh Vitamin E content.

Vitamin C, like vitamin A, improves resi-stance to infections of all kinds and buildsup the body's resistance to all types ofstress. JBL flaked feed uses a new kindof vitamin C which is especially stable andinsensitive to heat and other influencessuch as light and moisture.

All JBL flaked feeds contain a well-balan-ced multivitamin complex which meets therequirements of all aquarium fish. In addi-tion, JBL adds Inositol to the feed.

For species-specific care of your fish in the aquarium, all JBL flake foods contain abalanced multivitamin complex.

VITAMIN A

VITAMIN D3

VITAMIN E

VITAMIN C (stable)

VITAMIN B

BIOTIN ; FOLIC ACID etc.

Lack of vitaminsleads to dullercolours as well asreduced resistanceand immunity.

7well-known compound is ethoxyquin.

Since JBL places great emphasis on usingnatural ingredients wherever possible, JBLonly uses antioxidants based on Vitamin E.

JBL GALA is especially richin minerals due to the inclu-sion of a high quantity ofspirulina algae, which havealso proved a valuable sourceof minerals in the human diet.

Inositol is an active ingredient similar tovitamins which counteracts fatty degenera-tion of the liver and stimulates growth byimproving the absorption of food by theintestines. The quantity of vitamins and Ino-sitol in the product is printed on every packof JBL NOVO feed.

The inclusion of fish bonemeal and variousshellfish in all JBL flaked feeds guaran-tees sufficient levels of minerals in the pro-ducts.

8

nutrient needs of the species as closely aspossible, the effect of the ingredients in thefood on the water quality of the aquariumplays a significant role in the selection andcombination of the food components. As already mentioned elsewhere, themetabolism of the fish functions in such away that proteins are not only required forgrowth but, together with fats and carbohy-drates, are also a source of energy. Howe-ver, the use of proteins as a source ofenergy has a negative effect on the ecosy-stem of the aquarium. The nitrogen relea-sed during the digestion of proteins to pro-duce energy cannot be used by the fishand is exuded through the gills in the formof ammonium. This is converted via nitrite to nitrate in theaquarium and pollutes the water as anundesirable algae nutrient. The addition ofthe appropriate fats as an energy carrierdrastically reduce the amount of water-pol-luting waste products.

How much protein, fat etc. do aquarium fishneed?

You have now learned about the individualingredients which high-quality feed foraquarium fish should contain. So far "howmuch" has not been mentioned. That iswhat we are going to look at right now.Fish may be divided into three maingroups according to their feeding habitsand the type of nutrition preferred:

1. meat-eating or carnivorous fish

2. omnivorous fish

3. plant-eating or herbivorous fish

The first group consists of fish whichhardly ever come into consideration asaquarium fish because of their predatoryhabits (they eat other fish). They must befed almost exclusively with live fish.

Most aquarium fish belong to one of thetwo groups of omnivorous or herbivorousfish, whereby some form an intermediategroup. To find out which fish belongs towhich group, either carry out your ownobservations or consult some of the com-prehensive specialist aquarium literature.

In addition to the concern of meeting the

9Due to the limited opportunities for the fishto move in the aquarium, large amounts offat can lead to damage caused by fattydegeneration of the organs, affecting thehealth of the fish and reducing their life-span.

The ideal composition is a balanced com-bination of proteins and other energy car-riers such as fats and carbohydrates,which, within the framework of the possi-ble tolerances, are suitable for the speciesand at the same time "kind” to the water.

Taking these points into consideration, thefollowing levels have proved to be thebest. For omnivorous fish and specieswhich tend more to a carnivorous diet, pro-tein levels of 40 – 45% are ideal, whereasherbivorous fish need significantly less,namely 30 – 35%. Vegetable protein car-riers such as soya, wheat protein, proteinsfrom algae etc., should be included as faras possible for herbivorous fish. Fat levelsof 7 – 9% for omnivorous species and 3 –5% for herbivorous species have provedtheir worth, taking into account the aspectsmentioned above.

The demand for carbohydrates is exactlyin reverse proportion to the protein con-tent. Herbivorous species need more car-bohydrates in their food than omnivorousfish. Like fats, carbohydrates are a readilyavailable source of energy. Together withthe higher carbohydrate content, the herbi-vorous fish also get more ballast material,

vital for their digestive system to func-tion correctly. Herbivorous fish require aballast content of 3 – 5%, and many herbi-vorous armoured catfish, which havebecome specialised in digesting woodfibre, even require over 10%. For omni-vorous fish, a ballast level of 1 – 2% is suf-ficient.

The entire digestive system ofthe fish has adapteditself over thecourse of evo-lution to the

composition of the food,using it to the optimum. For

example, herbivores have longintestines, ideally suited to a vege-

table diet which is difficult to digest. Omnivorous or meat-eating fish have muchshorter intestines suited to their easily dige-sted diet which is rich in protein. Incorrectfeeding may lead to serious disturbancesof the digestive system.

All JBL food sorts are designed to guaran-tee the correct nutritional value for the spe-cific group of fish. Exact details may befound in the descriptions of the individualtypes of feed in Chapter 7 in this brochure.

Table 1 Crude protein/ fat content

40/ 45%

7/ 9%

30/ 35%3/ 5%

crude protein fat

Omnivorous fish Herbivorous fish

3/ 5%

Table 2 Carbohydrate/ dietary fibre

30%1/ 2%

45%

carbohydrate fibre

Omnivorous fish Herbivorous fish

The intestines run in several coils through thebody. The intestines of meat-eating fish are shortand straight, whereas those of plant-eating fish(see diagram) are long and twisting.

3. LOOKING AT THE FEEDING HABITS OF FISH.

As you can well imagine, given the great variety of species of fishand habitats, not every fish eats the same food. The feeding habits of most aquarium fish are known almost exactly as a result of extensive observations bynumerous scientists of fish both in aquariums and in the wild. You too can learn moreabout your own aquarium fish at home by closely studying their feeding habits.

10Why different forms offeed?The shape, size and position of the mouthon the body of the fish is an important indi-cator showing above all where and in whatform the fish is accustomed to take in food.There are 3 main groups here too, referredto by the following specialist terms:

Fish with superior mouths, anteriormouths and inferior mouths.

The first group contains fish whose mou-ths slope upwards (e.g. the galaxidae, but-terfly fish). The back line of these fish isstraight and, as surface fish, they areadapted to feeding atthe water's surface.

Fish with anteriormouths have horizon-tal mouths pointingforwards and a bodyequally curved at thetop and bottom (e.g.characine, barbells).These fish live in themiddle water levelsand feed there.

Fish with inferiormouths usually have bearded mouths, slo-ping downwards and a body which curvesupwards, with a relatively flat belly line

11(e.g. armoured catfish, loaches). Thesefish feed on the floor, searching with theirbeards for food.There are many intermediate forms bet-ween groups 1 and 2. Occasionallyfish from the middle water levelswill look for food on the surfaceof the water and surface fishwill look at lower levels.However, ground-feedingfish are reluctant to leavetheir "realm" to look forfood in open water.

Fish with superior mouths1

Fish with inferior mouths

Surface fish require feed which floats onthe surface of the water e.g. JBL NOVO

flaked feed.

Some of the feed flakes willsink slowly down and maytherefore also be eaten byfish in the middle levels. Inthe wild surface-feeding fishalso eat many insects which

fall onto the surface of the water. Naturalfeed from the Novo range, e.g. JBL Novo-

Fil, JBL NovoDaph etc, is composed offeed organisms in their natural state, whichideally meet this requirement. The fishfeed tablets JBL NOVOtab were develo-ped for fish of the middle levels and forground-feeding fish. The tablets can bedropped to the bottom, thus reaching themore "meat-orientated" ground fish. Orthey may be attached in any position onthe inside wall of the aquarium and provideideal nourishment for fish of the middle

water levels. This feeding method createsan excellent opportunity to observe the fishwhich immediately crowd greedily aroundthe tablet attached to the wall.

The green feed tablets JBL NovoFect areespecially suited to the needs of the more"plant" orientated ground fish. Like JBLNovoTab, they can be attached to the sideof the aquarium, adding a welcome varietyto the diet of plant-eating fish of the middlewater zone.

JBL TABIS high-quality fish feed tabletsare a special treat for all types of aquariumfish, introducing additional variety to thediet. The high spirulina and krill content ofJBL TABIS provides valuable minerals,carotinoids and unsaturated fatty acids forhealthy growth and brilliant, natural colou-ring. JBL TABIS can also be attached tothe side of the aquarium, if desired.

Butterfly fish are solely surface fish, fetchingtheir food mainly from the surface.

Tetra are typical of the fish of the middle waterlevels. They are one of the most popular aqua-rium fish and usually live in large shoals.

The peace-loving catfish are a great enhance-ment to any mixed aquarium. They consumeleftover food off the floor and are also goodeaters of algae.

JBL NovoStick M are specifi-cally designed for larger aqua-rium fish like cichlids andothers.

JBL TABIS and JBL NovoTab for the specificfeeding of fish in the middlelevels and ground-feeding fish.

JBL NovoFect specially for plant-eating ground-feeding fish.

3

JBL Novo flake food for sur-face-feeding fish and for fish of

the middle water levels.

Fische mit endständigem Maul2 Fish with anterior mouths2

12In addition there are differences in thesizes of fishes' mouths. JBL therefore pro-duces differing sizes of flakes: large flakes,medium-sized flakes and small flakes - theright size for each mouth.

The JBL NovoGrano Mini range is designedfor small fish 3 – 10 cm long with small mou-ths. This group includes e.g. neon tetra,Zebra barbs, guppies and many other popu-lar aquarium fish.

The JBL NovoGrana rangeof food provides medium-sized fish of approximately 5 –15 cm length with food designedto meet the needs of the species,such as dwarf cichlids, gourami etc.

The concentrated nutrient content of all JBLGranulate Foods quickly satiates the fish,making feeding more economical than withflake food, for example. The same size tub ofgranulate food contains twice as much foodas a tub of flake food.

The two granulate foods from the JBLPremium Range, JBL Grana and GranaCichlid, are a special treat for all fish.

Only selected raw materialsof the highest quality are

processed, such as extre-mely pure fish proteins.

A high proportion of fine-gro-und krill with its valuable caro-

tinoids and unsaturated fattyacids guarantee ready accep-

tance and promote the health andbrilliant colouring of all fish.

A new dosage system, the JBL ClickDosage Dispenser, makes feeding child’splay. Accidental over-feeding is no longerpossible. 1 x click gives a food dose suffi-cient for 5 fish. This means that even inex-

Food in granulate formMany fish are not so fond of eating food inflake form, but prefer food in "crumb” form asthis corresponds more closely to the anatomi-cal characteristics of the fish’s mouth.

A wide range of JBL Granulate foods pro-vide such food in the ideal crumb form.

All JBL Granulate Food is developed eitherto specifically float or sink, in order to providefood for fish at all levels of the water at thesame time. Some of the granulate floats tothe surface, whilst the rest of the granulatesinks slowly or quickly to provide food for fishin the middle and lower levels of the water.

perienced people can give the correctamount of food. At the same time the fooddoes not come into contact with hands,

avoiding accidental contaminationwith bacteria. The JBL Click Dosage Dispenser isdesigned so that food is hermeticallysealed until it is used for the firsttime, ensuring that the highquality is protected. Before using for the first time,unscrew the dosage dispenserfrom the tub, remove the sealing

foil and screw the dosage dispenser backinto position. This is the only way to ensureyour fish are fed food of the highest qua-lity.

The JBL Dosage Dispenser is the onlydosage system on the market with a her-metic closure to protect food from bacteria,pests damp, etc. which can cause the foodto deteriorate before the use by date.

New: the JBL Dosage Dispenser for easy fee-ding.

13JBL flake food in different sizes:

1. Large flake2. Medium-sized flake3. Small flake

JBL food in crumb form4. JBL Grana5. JBL Grana Cichlid

Large fish such as tropical perch aregiven JBL food in crumb or stickform.

„click“DOSAGE DISPENSER

The "blue gourami” feeds on medium-sized tolarge-sized flakes, depending on size. Tetra usually need JBL small flakes because oftheir small mouths.

14 15Food for specific groupsof fish

Medium to large-sized cichlids

In the large family of cichlids ortropical perch, the tropical perchfrom the Rift Valley Lakes, LakeMalawi and Lake Tanganyika, areespecially popular fish. The spe-cial diet of the "fry eating” tropicalperch present a particular chal-lenge when developing a foodspecially for this species.

In nature, carpets of algae areoften "grazed” away with jawswhich have evolved for this speci-fic task. The occasional small ani-

mal is also devoured in the course of thispredominantly vegetable diet.

The tropheus breeds from LakeTanganyika are well-known repre-sentatives of this group. Too muchanimal protein or red mosquitolarva in their food will mean certaindeath for these fish. JBL has the-refore taken particular care todevelop a suitable food to meetthe needs of this group of fish. JBLNovoRift consists of over 90%vegetable raw material, providinga healthy diet for these fish.

Discus fishThe king of aquarium fish requires a feedspecially designed to meet its needs.

JBL Grana Diskus is a high-grade feedcomprised of special granulates which slo-wly sink in water and are ideally suited tomeet the feeding habits of "His Majesty".Vital unsaturated fatty acids and carotinoidpromote natural brilliant colouring.

JBL NovoRift for the food specialists from theAfrican Rift Lakes.

The optimum food for discusfish: JBL Grana Discus

Thanks to JBL NovoPiecoChips, this isno longer necessary.

JBL NovoPiecoChips contain 10% spe-cial wood fibre, in addition to predomi-nantly vegetable raw ingredients, whichmeet the needs of the special digestivesystem of these fish. The hard wood chips, which maintain theirshape in water, sink to the bottom where

they are nibbled at leisure by the fish.

Please note that not all suckermouth catfisheat vegetables and fibre. A typical exam-ple of those which eat small animals andneed more meat-oriented food, such asJBL NovoTab food tablets, are the popu-lar armoured zebra catfish, Hypancistruszebra, formerly known as L46.

Marine fishTwo types of feed from JBL´s high-graderange contain a mixture of ingredientswhich are specifically designed to meet therequirements of marine fish in an aqua-

rium. In addition tovaluable vegetablecomponents, JBLMaris, a flake feed,also contains 30%krill flakes, eatenwith relish by marinefish. JBL MariPerls,in mini-pearl form,contain preciousseaweed, providingalgae-eating fishwith nutrients in anideal form.

The size of the pearls, which slow sinkingin the aquarium, is specifically suited to theeating habits of most marine fish.

Feed marine fishnaturally with

JBL Marisand

MariPerls

The food, in the shape of ministicks, which sink slowly in thewater, is ideally suited for theeating habits of these fish.

Due to the high vegetable con-tent of this food, other tropicalperch from the same regionare reluctant to eat it. Forthese, more meat-orientedfeeders, JBL NovoStick M

meets their nutritional needsmore closely. JBL NovoStick M,

with its high protein and crustaceancontent, is eagerly eaten by the moremeat-oriented tropical perch and otherlarge fish, both from Africa as well asSouth America.

Herbivorous suckermouth

catfish

Another group with special nutritionalneeds are the plant-eating suckermouthcatfish. This group is very popular in aqua-riums as algae-eaters.

Representative of this large group is theAncistrus species. However, the particularrequirements of these attractive fish arevery often overlooked or forgotten. It isonly when the pitifully "tattered” leaves oflarger plants are discovered in the aqua-rium, that anyone notices that somethingwhich is living in the aquarium is lacking aningredient which can be found in these lea-ves – and they then begin to ponder theproblem. In their natural habitat these fishnibble a lot of wood. They consume a largeamount of wood fibre which is vital for theirdigestion to function properly.

Suckermouth catfish need wood fibre in theaquarium too, and if there is no wood

which meets their requirements,they are forced to turn to other

sources of fibre, suchas plant leaves.

1716Gold fish and their bred varie-ties in the aquarium

Goldfish have been developed by breedingfrom Prussian carp, a member of the carpfamily. Since carp are herbivorous fish,feed for goldfish should contain sufficientquantities of raw plant material. The spe-cial needs of herbivorous cold water fishshould be taken into consideration in theprocessing of wheat germ and algae.

The flake feed JBL NovoRed and the feedpearls JBL NovoPerl are ideally suited to

meet these requirements. The newly desi-gned form of JBL NovoPerl as a pearl-shaped feed specifically corresponds tothe feeding habits of goldfish.

Many of the popular fish which have beendeveloped by skilful breeding from goldfishe.g. fantails, lion heads and others requirea specially adapted feed. Due to the chan-ges brought about by breeding, the nutri-

tional needs of these fishare no longer the sameas their herbivorous ori-ginal form.

In order to maintain healthy longfins and other special characteristics, thefish require additional proteins, wheatgerm and algae. High-grade JBL Gold-Perls feed provides all the nutrients thesefish need and promotes healthy, vividcolouring.

JBL GoldPerls is deliberately desi-gned as a granulate which sinks in thewater. This suits the particular anato-mical features of most forms of gold-fish, which cannot consume food atthe surface of the water. If the fishwere to feed on particles floating onthe surface of the water, they wouldtake in air which, due to the physicalchanges bred in them, would havedifficulty escaping again. In extreme cases, this wouldcause the fish to float upsidedown in the water.

GIVE VARIED, HIGH-QUALITY FEED ACCORDING TO NEED4.

Varied...The same food day after day, howeverhealthy it may be, is boring in the long-runand spoils the appetite. - Comparison maybe made here with humans. - Promotenatural behaviour and increase interest inthe aquarium by changing the type of feedoften. This gives the fish a variety, such asthey are accustomed to in the wild. Thereis not only one type of food swimming aro-und there either. As well as the staple feedtypes, JBL also has a range of specialfeeds, e.g. freeze-dried mosquito larva,daphnia, tubifex and others in theirnatural state, which help you to addvariety to the aquarium.

Meeting needs...Feeding according to need means: in order

to offer a variety of feed you should notgive just any combination of differentfish feeds, but choose them to meet

the needs of your fish according to thecriteria already described in detail. One

example:You have a mixed aquarium with a fewsurface fish, more omnivorous fish of

the middle water levels, and a few plant-eating ground fish. A varied feeding pro-gramme meeting the needs of this aqua-rium could be as follows: You have a mixed aquarium with a fewpanchax as surface fish, more omnivorousfish of the middle water levels, and afew plant-eating armoured cat-fish as ground fish. Avaried feeding programmemeeting the needs of thisaquarium could be asfollows: As staple feed JBLNovoBel, or, depen-

ding on the size of thefish, JBL NovoGranoMixor JBL NovoGranoMix mini . In addition,JBL NovoFil Red Mosquito Larva for thesurface fish, JBL GRANA and/or JBLNovoFil Red Mosquito Larva and/or JBLNOVOdaph Daphne. Some fish from themiddle water levels will also find this tastyand occasionally "catch” some themsel-ves. JBL NovoPlecoChips provide thearmoured catfish with food which meetstheir needs. Now and then you can fix aJBL NovoTab Feeding Tablet to theglass for the fish in the middle water levels.You can also improve the brilliance ofcolour and the health of your fish by fee-ding with JBL NovoColor, JBL GALA orJBL KRILL as staple feed.

JBL KRILL is a flake feed which includeskrill that has been finely ground in a spe-cial mill. This eliminates the danger ofinjury to the intestines of fish caused bythe spines of krill. If, for example, you havemainly "plant" orientated fish such as vivi-parous fish, the feed must of course con-tain suitable plant matter. Here you coulduse JBL NOVOvert as staple feed, forexample, supplemented with various spe-cial feeds. Use the table on page 29 of thisbrochure to compile a feeding plan exclu-sively for your ornamental fish.

18Quality conscious...All JBL feeds are made up of high-qua-lity, selected, natural raw materialswhich, of course, have a limited shelf-life.Vitamins and unsaturated fats in particularquickly deteriorate after coming intocontact with light or air. Flaked feed shouldtherefore not be purchased in plastic bagsor other transparent packaging.

We recommend the purchase of fish feedin light-proof and air-tight containers, inquantities sufficient for a maximum of 2months.

In other words, do not buy litre tins, forexample, for an 80 litre mixed aquarium,but instead staple food in 250ml containersand special feeds in quantities of 50 or100ml. In this way you can be sure thatyour fish always get top-quality, fresh feed.

JBL offers a wide range of sizes of contai-ners. In addition, each tin of JBL feed hasa use-by date. This only applies to unope-ned tins.

All JBL feeds are produced strictly accor-ding to demand, thereby guaranteeingabsolute freshness.

JBL fish food containers are sealed to guaranteethe freshness and keeping quality of the vita-mins.

The date stamp guarantees the recommendeduse-by date.

Varied, specific to needs, quality cons-cious - the wide variety of JBL feedsmeans that you always make the rightchoice. 19

How often?Adult fish, of whatever kind,need less frequent feedingthan young fish. One or twofeeds per day are sufficientfor adult fish. Young fishshould be fed 3 - 4 times daily.As all aquarium fish areusually sold as young fish, fish should befed at least 3 times a day initially.

An automatic feeder may be used for timeswhen you are not at home. Later reducethe frequency of feeds to 1 - 2 per day.Adult fish should have an occasional"fasting" day when they are not fed at all.

When?The number of feeds should be evenlyspaced throughout the day. Choose themain feeding time so that you are at hometo observe the fish feeding.

How much and how?A basic rule: Only so much per feed as thefish can eat up in approx. 2 - 3 minutes. Afish's instinctive habit is to constantlysearch for food. As fish also do this in anaquarium, the temptation is to overfeedthem. Do not let this behaviour tempt youto give more feed. You will only createunnecessary amounts of debris in theaquarium.

5. FEEDING TECHNIQUES

The new JBL feedingring, JBL NovoSta-tion, makes feedingsimple and targeted.

This feeding ring auto-matically adjusts tochanging waterlevels.

The fish soon become accustomedto this feeding place and, with eachfeed, all fish will appear at thering and can be easily observedand checked as they feed. In rarecases, for very shy fish, it mayalso be necessary to also scatter food on the surface ofthe water.If, at the beginning, you are notsure about the right amount offood, we recommend feeding granulate food e.g.

JBL NovoGranoMix withthe Click DosageDispenser. This guarantees youdo not overfeed your fish.

From the technical aspect, it would be bet-ter to switch off the filter when feeding toavoid clogging it with particles of feedwhich might be sucked in. However, sincethe damage which would be caused if itwere not turned on again would be sogreat, it is better to leave it running. Whenthe filter is turned off, the bacteria settledin it decompose rapidly and produce poi-sons which can destroy the entire stock offish if the filter is switched on again withoutbeing cleaned. Not to mention the loss ofuseful filter bacteria.

Having learned about the ingredients in the feeds, the requirements of the individual fishgroups, and how to compose a suitable feeding programme for your fish, you now needto know "how often, when, how much and in what way".

Ahead through

research

„click“DOSAGE DISPENSER

20

During the first few weeks of life the youngfish should almost never be without food. Itis important that young fish be fed at least4 - 5 times a day, as poorly-nourishedyoung fish can never make up the lack ofgrowth during those first few weeks.

As a rule, a hobby breeder has his firstexperience of providing feed for young frywith the off-spring of guppies or other live-bearing species. Usually this initial experi-ence has to be gained in a general com-munity tank, a special breeding or nurserytank is not often purchased until a laterdate, if at all. We recommend the use ofthe JBL BabyHome, a spawning boxwhich protects the offspring from haras-sment from adult fish during the first weeks

6. HOW ARE FISH FRY FED?

of life. The rearing feed set, JBLNovoBaby, consists of a complete set ofthree feed sorts with graduated grain size,NovoBaby 01, NovoBaby 02 andNovoBaby 03.

This set provides all the nutrients neededto rear the first offspring, from new-born fryto healthy adult guppy.

Successful breeding can be proof of correct fee-ding and care. It is the high spot of fish keeping.

For professional aquarists, JBL offers various individual rearing feeds to be used incombination as required. The following table is intended as a guideline:

2 - 5 mm - Nobilfluid / live microplankton

6 - 10 mm NovoTom / NovoTemia NovoTom / NovoTemia

10 - 30 mm

> 30 mm

NovoBea / NovoTemia NovoBea / NovoTemia

NovoBel / NovoColor NovoBel / NovoColor

GUPPIES AND OTHERLIVE-BEARING FISH

FEED TABLE:BARBS, TETRA ANDOTHER EGG-LAYING

(AFTER CONSUMPTION OF YOLK-SAC)

With sensible care, suited to the particulartype of fish, you will not have to wait longfor a "happy event" even in a mixed aqua-rium. Here are a few tips to ensure that thetiny fish babies grow into healthy and resi-lient fish:

The organism of newly-born fish isconcerned with one thing only, togrow, grow and grow again. Therefore young fish need a feedwhose ingredients are selected tomeet the needs of a rapidly growingorganism.

21

JBL NovoTomis a powdered feed, developed to includethe ideal ingredients and particle size forthe rearing of young fish of live-bearingspecies. The young fish of egg-laying spe-cies may also be fed with JBL NovoTomwhen they have rea-ched the size of, forexample, a new-bornguppy.

The particularly highproportion of high-qua-lity protein and mineralsensures the healthygrowth of young fish.

Analysis:

JBL NovoTemiaBrine shrimp eggs

An excellent live feed for rearing youngfish, which is free from disease-carryingbacteria, may be hatched from these eggswhenever required. The eggs arebred in vigorously aerated saltwater and the hatched nauplii ofthe little saline crabs are fed tothe young fish. Artemia nauplii can be bred relia-bly and without any difficultyusing JBL NovoSal artemia salt.One or more clear 3/4l bottles, amembrane pump, air hose, oneor more culture apparatuses andan artemia sieve (pet shop)are needed to hatch theeggs. Follow the proceduredescribed in the operatinginstructions of the cultureapparatus.

The nauplii hatch within 24 - 48hours at a temperature of 24 -28∞C (the higher the tem-perature, the quicker thehatching). When feeding,be careful not to includeany empty egg cases orunhatched eggs. Thesemay obstruct the intesti-nes of young fish andcause death.

The newly hatchedlarva are an ideal

feed for young fishand smaller breeds.

Diagram 6 hatched artemia,

Diagram 7 fully-grown artemia

JBL Nobilfluid, an ultra-fine, homogenised liquidfeed, especially rich in vitamins, wasspecifically developed to meet theneeds of the tiny young fish of egg-laying breeds (e.g. characine, bar-bells). The liquid form in a dropbottle enables optimal dosageaccording to the number of youngfish. High quality nutrients and the spe-cial vital vitamins ensure that the tinyyoung fish, swimming freely for thefirst time, quickly grow strong.

6

7

1 2 3 4

1 2 3 4

crude protein 47% crude fat 5.5% crude fibre 1.8% crude ash 9.8%

22 The following list of JBL fish feeds is intended to help you put together the cor-rect menu for your fish. Don't forget........ varied, high-quality and accordingto needs....All JBL flake feeds, sticks and pearls contain stabilised vitamin C aswell as natural vitamin E extracts as antioxidants.

JBL NovoGranoMix stable food

JBL NovoGranoMix is a granulate with high nutrient content carefully produ-ced using ultra high-temperature preservation. The granulate is designed sothat some particles float on the surface of the water, whilst the remainder slowlysink, ideally suiting the feeding habits of fish whatever water level they feed in.Essential ingredients such as proteins, fats and carbohydrates, as well as mine-rals and vitamins ensure healthy growth and increased resistance to disease.Analysis:

JBL NovoGranoColor color feed

JBL NovoGran Color contains high-grade natural raw materials, caroti-noids and unsaturated fatty acids which naturally enhance the brilliantcolouring of all aquarium fish.Description as for JBL NovoGranoMix.Analysis:

237. THE WIDE VARIETY OF JBL FEEDS

Crude protein 45.2% Crude fat 5.0% Crude fibre 1.4% Crude ash 9.7%1 2 3 4

1 2 3 4

Crude protein 40,0% Crude fat 7.0% Crude fibre 3,5% Crude ash 9.0%1 2 3 4

1 2 3 4

JBL NovoGranoVert Green food

JBL NovoGranoVert enthält hochwertige pflanzliche Rohstoffe sowiePflanzenfasern, die speziell auf die Ernährung pflanzenfressender Aquari-enfische abgestimmt sind. Sonst wie bei JBL NovoGranoMix beschrieben.Analysis:

JBL NovoBel stable feed

JBL NovoBel may be used as staple food for almost all types of ornamen-tal fish in a mixed aquarium due to the well-balanced mixture of differenttypes of flakes, recognisable by the different colours. It contains all theimportant ingredients needed for healthy growth. The flake size meets the requirements of small to medium-sized aquarium fish.

Analysis:

Crude protein 30,0 % Crude fat 4.0 % Crude fibre 6,0 % Crude ash 9.0 %1 2 3 4

1 2 3 4

1 2 3 4

1 2 3 4

JBL NovoGrandlarge flakes

The composition of NovoGrand is the same as that of NovoBel. The size of the flakes of this staple feed are specially adapted to the feeding habits of larger ornamental fish, for example South American cichlids or large characine, barbells etc.

Analysis: as for JBL NovoBel

JBL NovoBea small flakes

The composition of NovoBea is also the same as that of NovoBel.The size of the flakes of this feed, however, are specially adapted to the requirements of small or tiny ornamental fish. NovoBea provides neon tetra, guppies, small barbells and the young fish of larger species with a feed suited to the size of their mouths.

Analysis: as for JBL NovoBel

JBL NovoColor colour enhancing feed

High-grade natural products combined with vegetable extracts naturallyenhance the rich colouring of your ornamental fish.Alternate this high-quality feed with JBL NovoBel or JBL GALA or give itas the sole staple feed for special brilliance of colour and healthy growth.

Analysis:

crude protein 46.4% crude fat 5.3% crude fibre 1.7% crude ash 12.0%1 2 3 4

2 31 4

JBL NovoVertgreen feed with 10% spirulina

This green feed with normal flake size is specially adapted to the feedinghabits of plant-eating ornamental fish such as viviparous cyprinodonts. The proportion of animal proteins has been reduced and emphasis given tovegetable ingredients, for example vegetable proteins, various algae andvegetables. JBL NovoVert is also the ideal feed for small tropical perch fromthe African lakes.Analysis:

crude protein 32.5% crude fat 4.5% crude fibre 2.5% crude ash 7.0%

21 43

1 2 3 4

JBL NovoRedgoldfish food

JBL NovoRed contains a balanced mixture of all the ingredients requiredfor healthy goldfish, including a high proportion of vegetables: grain, fishand fish by-products, crustacean, yeasts, vegetable by-products as well asalgae. These medium-sized, easily digested flakes are especially tasty.Vital vegetable ingredients, stabilised vitamin C and other vitamins as wellas the bio-element, inositol, promote healthy growth and strengthen resistance to disease.Analysis:


21 43

crude protein 43.5% crude fat 7.5% crude fibre 1.7% crude ash 8.5%

24JBL NovoPerlJBL NovoPerl contains a combination of nutrients specially selected tomeet the nutritional needs of goldfish in an aquarium. The new pearl shapereflects the natural feeding habits of these fish. High-quality ingredientssuch as wheat germ and various vegetable raw materials promote thehealth of these fish.Analysis:


1 2 3 4

JBL NovoTab fish feed tabletsThese high grade fish feed tablets are particularly suitable for feeding themiddle level and ground-feeding fish. JBL NovoTab, containing freeze-dried organisms as well as high-quality proteins and other valuable rawmaterials, are a special treat for aquarium fish. By attaching the tablet tothe inside surface of the aquarium tank, the fish feeding in the middle waterlevels may be easily observed. Simply let a few JBL NovoTab sink to thebottom of the aquarium for armoured catfish and other ground-feeding fish.

Analysis:

JBL NovoFect green feed tabletsJBL NovoFect green feed tablets provide all the important nutrients forsisorid catfish, loaches and other "plant-loving" ground fish. Spirulina aswell as other algae and various vegetables ensure that the digestivesystem keeps "on the move".

Analysis:


1 2 3 4

Rohprotein 35,5%, Rohfett 3,9%, Rohfaser 3,0%, Rohasche 9,8% 1 2 3 4

1 2 3 4

25JBL NovoStick MJBL NovoStick M contains specially balanced ingredients selected to meetthe nutritional needs of meat-eating cichlids and other large aquarium fish.Ingredients: fish and fish by-products, grain, algae, yeast and animal by-pro-ducts. Vital vitamins and natural extracts promote healthy growth, brilliantcolours and resistance to disease. Analysis:

Food for fish fry and young fish

JBL NovoFil red mosquito larvae

These freeze-dried red mosquito larvae contain all the important nutrients of livefeed. A natural product which is readily eaten by even the most fastidious of fishspecies. The high protein and fat content makes JBL NovoFil particularly suitablefor the growth of young fish. This feed should only be used in conjunction withother types of feed to avoid a one-sided diet.

Analysis:

JBL NovoFex tubifex cubes

Freeze-dried tubifex in practical cube form. A natural feed, especially highin protein. As for JBL NovoFil, only use in conjunction with other types offeed.

Analysis:

JBL NovoDaphwater-fleas

Natural, dried water-fleas. This supplementary feed has a high propor-tion of chitin, a partially digestible ballast which is important for the dige-stive system of the fish.

Analysis:


2 31 4


2 31 4


21 43


21 43

JBL NovoPlecoChips for suckermouth catfishJBL NovoPlecoChips food chips are produced in a special manufacturing pro-cess. The composition and consistency of the chips has been developed tospecifically meet the nutritional needs of plant-nibbling armoured catfish (pleco-stomus, ancistrus etc.) and other plant-eating fish which feed on the bottom ofthe aquarium. Wheat germ, spirulina algae, a high proportion of green ingre-dients and 10% vital wood fibre provide the nutrients this species require. Analysis:


1 2 3 4

JBL NovoRiftSlowly sinking, small feed sticks specially designed to meet the nutritionalrequirements of fry-eating cichlids from Lake Tanganyika and LakeMalawi. Over 90% vegetable raw material including spirulina algae providehealthy nourishment for this group of fish.Analysis:

Raw protein: 31% Raw fat: 3% Raw fibre: 5.5% Raw ash: 11% 1 2 3 4

1 2 3 4

The successful breeding of aquarium fish is the high spot ofaquarium keeping and at the same time it is proof of the correctfeeding and care of a particular species.

For the young offspring in the aquarium, JBL offers4 types of food, all developed to meet the needs ofyoung fry of most species of aquarium fish. More details can be found on P. 20/21.

26 27

JBL MARISA combination of proteins as building blocks, fats and carbohydrates as energy carriers, aswell as minerals and ballast specially developed to meet the particular feeding requirements ofmarine fish. The high proportion of krill with valuable carotinoids and unsaturated fatty acids, aswell as high quality vegetable ingredients promotes the health of these fish. The raw materialsare finely ground using a special process, making the ingredients more easily digested.

Analysis:Crude protein: 44% Crude fat: 5% Crude fibre: 2.5% Crude ash: 11.2% 1 2 3 4

2 31 4

crude protein 46% crude fat 8.0% crude fibre 1.8% crude ash 9.0%1 2 3 4

3 421

crude protein 43% crude fat 6.0% crude fibre 1.8% crude ash 9.5%1 2 3 4

3 421

JBL Grana cichlid with 10% krillThe composition of JBL GRANA cichlid and JBL GRANA are identical.However, the crumb size of JBL GRANA cichlid meets the requirements oflarger fish, such as cichlids (African as well as South American).

Analysis: as for JBL GRANA

JBL TABISPremium class fish feed tablets are an absolute treat for all aquarium fishand add variety to the diet. A high proportion of krill and spirulina promotehealthy growth and brilliant colouring. The raw materials are finely groundusing a special process, making the ingredients more easily digested andreducing pollution of the water.

Analysis:Raw protein: 46% Raw fat: 6% Raw fibre: 2.5% Raw ash: 11.2% 1 2 3 4

1 2 3 4

JBL MariPerlsSlowly sinking feed pearls specially attuned to the particular feeding require-ments of marine fish in the aquarium. The small pearl form closely correspondsto the natural feeding habits of these fish. Precious ingredients such as marinealgae and various vegetable raw materials promote healthy growth.

Analysis:Raw protein: 38% Raw fat: 4% Raw fibre: 4.5% Raw ash: 10.5% 1 2 3 4

1 32 4

JBL Grana Discus

A semi-floating, nutrient-rich granulate for discus and other fastidious aquariumfish. The granulate sinks at different rates in the water. Contains a special combi-nation of proteins as building blocks, fats and carbohydrates as energy carriers,as well as minerals, ballast and carotinoids.

Analysis:Crude protein: 47% Crude fat: 10.5% Crude fibre: 2.8% Crude ash: 7.4%1 2 3 4

1 2 3 4

JBL KRILLA premium class flake feed containing 20% krill, which makes it an absolute treatfor all aquarium fish. An extremely fine grinding process prevents any damagebeing caused to the intestines of the fish by the spines of the krill. This fine consi-stency improves digestion and reduces water pollution. The precious ingredients ofthe krill promote the natural brilliant col

Analysis:1

1 2 3 4

1 2 3 4

PREMIUM FOOD FROM JBLWith food from the Premium Range from JBL you can offer your aquarium fish something quitespecial. Particularly high quality ingredients have been selected for this range of food, on the onehand to offer the fish variety in their diet with especially tasty treats, and on the other hand to pro-vide certain, more fastidious groups of fish with food which meets their specific needs. So here you can find, for example, special food for discus fish, fan-tails and marine fish.

JBL GALA stable food with spirulinaA top-quality staple food. A special process finely grinds the raw materialsand the balanced combination of nutrients ensures good digestion and pre-vents any significant water pollution. Valuable minerals of spirulina algae aswell as vitamins and the bio-element, inositol, ensure natural and healthygrowth and increase resistance to disease. Thanks to the addition of fre-eze-dried red mosquito larva, this food is eagerly consumed by even themost fastidious aquarium fish. In addition this food contains spirulina andother algae, valuable sources of minerals. Analysis:

JBL GoldPerlsThis food contains a combination of high-quality nutrients in a new pearl form, speciallydeveloped for the particular feeding requirements of fantails and other varieties of gold-fish. Precious ingredients such as spirulina algae, wheat germ and various vegetableraw materials maintain the health of these fish. Vital vitamins, valuable unsaturated fattyacids and carotinoids promote the natural brilliant colouring, increase resistance todisease and ensure healthy growth.

Analysis:

JBL Granastable food with 10% krill

A semi-floating, nutrient-rich granulate for all aquarium fish. The granulatesinks at different rates in the water, so that fish of all water zones are fedaccording to the needs of the species. High nutrient levels and easy digesti-bility mean that even the larger fish are quickly satiated, with minimumwater pollution. The valuable unsaturated fatty acids and carotinoids in krillnaturally enhance brilliant colouring. Stabilised Vitamin C and other vitalvitamins promote health and increase resistance to disease.

Analysis:

Raw protein: 47% Raw fat: 6% Raw fibre: 3.5% Raw ash: 10.5%2 3 4

Crude protein: 41% Crude fat: 5% Crude fibre: 4% Crude ash: 11%1 2 3 4

128

8. SUPPLEMENTARY VITAMINSAll flaked feeds in the JBL NOVO range contain a well-balanced complex of multivitamins, asalready described. It may nevertheless be necessary, in certain situations, to give additionalvitamins. JBL Atvitol, a liquid multivitamin supplement, was developed for this reason. Atvitol helps fish to cope better in certain temporary stressful situations, for example:

during treatment of an illness and in the subsequent convales cent phase during and after transportwhen new fish are introducedafter major work in the aquarium

Please remember: only temporary stressful situations can be bet-ter coped with using supplementary vitamins. Permanent stresse.g. caused by unsuitable conditions, cannot be alleviated by vita-mins however high the dosage! The beneficial micro-organisms inthe aquarium also regularly need vitamins in order to maintain thebest possible cleaning power. An additional dosage of vitamins inthe aquarium water is also beneficial after treatment of fish illnes-ses, which often has a detrimental affect on the filter bacteria.Should you not use up an opened can of feed within 2 months, forwhatever reason, the decreased vitamin content of the feed cau-sed by over-long exposure to the air may be improved by the addi-tion of JBL Atvitol. Simply add one or two drops of JBL Atvitol tothe feed just before feeding.

It is not only a question of feeding fish suf-ficient quantities of just any feedstuff. It ismost important that the special feedingrequirements of the "water babies"are met as closely as possible.

This brochure explains the significance of species-specific feeding and shows you how to provide healthy andvaried feeds whichspecifically meet theneeds of your aquariumfish using the wide range of JBL fishfood.

Over millions of years fish, like all otherforms of life, have adapted themselves tocertain feeding methods and forms of nou-rishment which are available in sufficientquantities in their natural habitat. Only invery rare cases do aquarium fish find ade-quate quantities of any one type of feed intheir tank without our assistance.

One of the most important and interestingtasks of an aquarium keeper is to feed the fishin a healthy and sensible manner as well as toconsider the environmental conditions.

INTRODUCTION

Vitamins promote vitality, brilliant colouring, health and readiness to spawn.










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OF AQUARIUM FISH

What - Why - How?

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Published byJBL GmbH & Co. KGJoachim BöhmeD-67141 Neuhofen/Pfalz

3rd edition 2005Texte: Dr. Rainer Keppler, JBL Company BiologistDesign: akzenta PR, 53797 Lohmar

Contents Page

1. Why species-specific feeding? 2

2. The ingredients 2 - 7

3. Looking at the feeding habits of fish "How much" protein, fat etc.? 8 - 9Various forms of feed 10 - 13Food for specific groups of fish 14 - 16

4. Varied feeding 17 - 18

5. Feeding techniques 19

6. Fish fry 20 - 21

7. The wide range of JBL feeds 22 - 27

8. Supplementary vitamins 28

9. Professional feeding and care...JBL feeding table 29

SPECIES-SPECIFIC FEEDINGF O R C O L D W A T E R , T R O P I C A L , F R E S H W A T E R A N D M A R I N E F I S H

Neon and other small tetra

Congo tetra and other large tetra

Loach and coolie loach

Armoured catfish

Suckermouth catfish

Common half-beak

South American large cichlid

Discus fish Dwarf cichlid East African, small animal eaters and predators

East African fry-eaters

Labyrinth fishAtherine (rainbow fish)Egg-laying cyprinodont (killie)

Live-bearing (viviparous) cyprinodont

Zebra barbell and small barbellShark barbell and large barbellGoldfish

Bred varieties of goldfish (fantails)Butterfly fish

Marine fish

Fish fry

Young fish

JBL NovoBel

JBL GranoVert

JBL GranoColor

JBL GranoMix

JBLNovoGrand

JBLNovoBea

JBLGALA

JBLGrana

JBLGranaCichlid

JBLTABIS

JBLKrill

JBLGoldPerls

JBLG

ranaDiscus

JBLM

ariPerlsJBL

MA

RISJB

LN

ovoColor

JBL

NovoVert

JBL

NovoR

edJB

LN

ovoPerlJB

LN

ovoTabJB

LN

ovoFectJB

LN

ovoPlecoChips

JBL

NovoR

iftJB

LN

ovoStick MJB

LN

ovoFilJB

LN

ovoFexJB

LN

ovoDaph

JBL

NovoTom

JBL

NovoB

aby

JBL

NovoTem

ia

JBL

Nobilfluid

staple food supplementary food occasional supplementary food









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Alimentarea Corecta a Pestilor

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