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![Page 1: Algorithms and chemical data assimilation activities at Environment Canada Chris McLinden Air Quality Research Division, Environment Canada 2 nd TEMPO.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb25503460f94bb95b8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Algorithms and chemical data assimilation activities at Environment Canada
Chris McLindenAir Quality Research Division, Environment Canada
2nd TEMPO Science Team MeetingHampton, VA 21-22 May 2014
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Retrievals over snow
• Fraction of OMI observations over snow (during ‘snow’ months November-March)
– Currently snow and cloud are difficult to distinguish and measurements over snow are less accurate; often these data are not used poor sampling in winter
– Improving retrievals would greatly improve monitoring capabilities
-140 -120 -100 -80 -6025
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Fraction
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Snow Cover
• Best products
IMS (Interactive multi-sensor) CMC CaLDAS (Cdn. Land Data Assimilation System)
Provider NOAA/NESDIS Environment Canada / Canadian Meteorological Centre
Availability Near-real time Near-real time
Spatial Extent Northern Hemisphere North America / Global
Spatial resolution (current) 4 x 4 km2 10 x 10 km2 / 24 x 24 km2
Spatial resolution (future) 1 x 1 km2 2.5 x 2.5 km2 / 10 x 10 km2
(~2015/2016)
Temporal resolution Current: daily; future: 12-hour Current: 12-hour; future: 6 hour or better
Field provided Snow extent (yes / no) Snow depth*
Input information satellite imagery; derived mapped products; surface observations
CMC: analysis using surface observations and (simple) surface modelCaLDAS: Data assimilation of land-surface model, satellite imagery; surface observations
* Could be used to identify fresh snow
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Snow reflectivity
• Surface very heterogeneous
• Current OMI retrievals: 0.6 everywhere
Longitude
Lat
itud
e
-112.5 -112 -111.5 -111 -110.556.4
56.6
56.8
57
57.2
57.4
57.6
57.8
Longitude
-112.5 -112 -111.5 -111 -110.5
Alb
edo
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
0.55
0.6
OMI (354 nm, 0.5, from O'Byrne et al., 2010 )
Fort McMurray
Fort McKay
2005Fort McMurray
Fort McKay
2011
MODIS (477 nm, 5 km from MOD43C3 product)
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Reflectivity
• Temporal changes can be important
• This change if unaccounted for amounts to a +1-1.5%/yr change in NO2
2000-2001
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.072002-2004 2005-2007 2008-2010 2011-2012
MODIS reflectivity, summer average
Reflectivity
2011
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DOMINO SCD - DOMINO AMF
56.4
56.6
56.8
57
57.2
57.4
57.6
DOMINO SCD - EC AMF
Latit
ude
SP SCD - SP AMF
56.4
56.6
56.8
57
57.2
57.4
57.6
SP SCD - EC AMF
VC
D [ 1
01
5 cm
-2]
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
NASA SCD - AMF=0.36
-112.5 -112 -111.5 -111 -110.556.4
56.6
56.8
57
57.2
57.4
57.6
Longitude
NASA SCD - EC AMF
-112.5 -112 -111.5 -111 -110.5
VC
D [
DU
]
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
135 W
120 W
105 W 90
W 75
W
60 W
45 N
60 N
75 N
Original New EC
100% increase
40% increase
Reprocessing leads to significant increases in NO2 and SO2
- profiles from GEM-MACH- monthy-mean albedo from MODIS (snow, snow-free)- snow flagging from IMS
NO
2S
O2
McLinden et al., ACP, 2014
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CIMELAerosol Optical Depth at 340 nm
Pandora 104SO2 Vertical Column Density in DU(1 DU = 2.69 x 1016 mol cm-2)
Pandora 104NO2 Vertical Column Density in mol cm-2
August 23is in black
Local Time
Different colours represent different days
Remote sensingInstruments (CIMEL and Pandora) at Fort McKay
5 pm
Local Time
from Vitali Fioletov, EC
NO
2S
O2
Aer
osol
opt
ical
dept
h
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• Comparisons of NO2 total vertical column density
• OMI NO2 using recalculated AMFs consistently in better agreement
• One exception is Sept 16 where VCDOMI,trop < 0
220 230 240 250 260 270 280 2900
0.5
1
1.5
2x 10
16
Julian Day Number
NO
2 V
CD
[cm
-2]
PandoraOMI(EC)OMI(TEMIS)
Satellite Validation – OMI NO2
Sept 16?
OMI pixel
Wind direction
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-114 -113 -112 -111 -110 -10955.5
56
56.5
57
57.5
58
58.5
NO2 : 04 Sep 2013 13:58 MDT
Longitude
Lat
itu
de
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-114 -113 -112 -111 -110 -10955.5
56
56.5
57
57.5
58
58.5
NO2 : 04 Sep 2013 13:58 MDT
Longitude
Lat
itu
de
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
OMI GEM-MACH 2.5 km forecast
Comparison of OMI NO2 with GEM-MACH2.5 forecast; where GEM-MACH values have been averaged over the individual OMI pixels
Vertical C
olumn D
ensity (x1015 cm
-2)
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Removal of the stratospheric NO2 signal
-150 -100 -5020
30
40
50
60
70
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
Annual mean, from OMI (2009)
• Fraction of total NO2 column in the troposhere
– Urban/Industrial areas: 30-80%; Rural/background areas: 10-30%– With most of Canada <25%, it is crucial to have an unbiased method for
removing stratospheric NO2
– With 20% in trop: a 10% high bias in strat-NO2 a 40% low bias in trop-NO2
Fraction
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OMI VCD, relative to 2005;(DOMINO+SP)/2(DOMINO-SP)/2
Surface vmr, relative to 2005/06
DOMINO – SP difference up to 0.5 ppb (10%) at surface
Two year running means –DOMINO and SP NO2 using Env. Canada AMFs
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OMI VCD, relative to 2005;(DOMINO+SP)/2(DOMINO-SP)/2
Surface vmr, relative to 2005/06
DOMINO – SP difference up to 1 ppb (30%) at surface
Two year running means –DOMINO and SP NO2 using Env. Canada AMFs
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Operational objective analysisOperational objective analysis
experimental since 2003, operational Feb 2013
ozonefine particles
Curently 10 km (2.5 km in 2 years) – O3, PM2.5, each hour (NO2, AQHI, AOD, SO2)
soon available on Weather Office http://weather.gc.ca/mainmenu/airquality_menu_e.html
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Objective analysis of NO2
Real-time, hourly
zoom in OA near Toronto
OA average summer 2012 OA
averaged analysis increments
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CDAT-Option 1CDAT-Option 1 Real-time maps of surface pollutants based on Airnow and TEMPO observationsCDAT-Option 2CDAT-Option 2 Stratospheric assimilation of NO2
CDAT-Option 3CDAT-Option 3 Integrated surface-tropospheric-stratospheric assimilation of NO2 (Airnow+TEMPO) and
other species and dataCDAT-OSSECDAT-OSSE OSSEs (pre-launch) and OSEs (post-launch)
Possible contribution to TEMPOPossible contribution to TEMPO
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Thanks for your attention!