Alexei Sirbu - swissphotonics.net · Broad band light source Optical spectrum ... Technology focus...

SSOM, Engelberg, March 18

1

Ver

tical

cav

ity la

sers

for

appl

ied

spec

tros

copy

Ale

xei S

irbu

A. M

ereu

ta, A

. Cal

iman

and

E. K

apon

Labo

rato

ryof

Phy

sics

of n

anos

truc

ture

s, E

PF

L, 1

015

Laus

anne

V.Ia

kovl

ev, G

. Sur

ucea

nu

Bea

mE

xpre

ssS

.A.,

1015

Lau

sann

e


2

Out

line

�La

ser

spec

tros

copy

for

sens

ing:

-F

iber

-Bra

gg s

enso

rs;

-T

unab

lela

ser

diod

e ab

sorp

tion

spec

tros

copy

;-

Res

onan

tPho

toac

ousl

ticga

sse

nsor

s;�

1500

-200

0 nm

Ver

tical

Cav

ityLa

sers

with

fund

amen

talm

ode

emis

sion

of 1

-6 m

W;

�2

W d

ifrac

tion

limite

dV

ertic

al E

xter

nal

Cav

ityLa

sers

in th

e 15

00 n

m b

and.


3

Out

line

�La

ser

spec

tros

copy

for

sens

ing

appl

icat

ions

:

-F

iber

-Bra

gg s

enso

rs;

-T

unab

lela

ser

diod

e ab

sorp

tion

spec

tros

copy

;-

Res

onan

tPho

toac

ousl

ticga

sse

nsor

s;�

1500

-200

0 nm

Ver

tical

cav

ityla

sers

with

fund

amen

talm

ode

emis

sion

of 1

-6 m

W;

�2

W d

ifrac

tion

limite

dV

ertic

al E

xter

nal

Cav

ityLa

sers

in th

e 15

00 n

m b

and.


4

FB

G –

sens

or s

pect

rosc

opy

R

Bro

ad b

and

light

sou

rce

Opt

ical

spe

ctru

m

anal

yzer

λ λ λ λ (µ

m)

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

Tem

pera

ture

or

stra

in c

hang

es Λ

The

Bra

gg c

ondi

tion

-de

term

ines

res

onan

ce w

avel

engt

h.

Fib

er B

ragg

gra

ting

-co

uple

s fo

rwar

d to

bac

kwar

d pr

opag

atin

g m

odes

.

The

res

onan

ce p

eak

posi

tion

depe

nds

on te

mpe

ratu

re a

nd lo

ngitu

dina

l str

ain.

Long

itudi

nal

stra

in, ε

Λ

λ λλλ Β ΒΒΒ=

2 =

2 =

2 =

2 n

Λ ΛΛΛ


5

FB

G s

enso

rs in

CH

str

uctu

res

(EM

PA

)

�S

tay

cabl

e br

idge

, Win

tert

hur

SM

S 7

, 199

8, B

rönn

iman

net

al.

�P

ower

dam

of L

uzzo

ne

SP

IE 3

407,

199

8, B

rönn

iman

net

al.

Sur

veill

ance

usi

ng F

BG

is p

erfo

rmed

per

iodi

cally

sinc

e ea

ch ti

me

expe

nsiv

e F

BG

inte

rrog

atio

n eq

uipm

ent h

as to

be

ship

ped

in th

e fie

ld

and

inst

alle

d.


6

Nee

dsfo

r in

-situ

,ligh

t-w

eigh

tst

ruct

ural

mon

itorin

g

In-s

itu lo

ngitu

dina

l str

ain

mon

itorin

g


7

FB

G-V

CS

EL

sens

or s

yste

m

λ λ λ λ (µ

m)

Rtim

etim

e

TT

unab

le

lase

r

1560

1564

1568

3 m

A7

mA

11 m

A15

mA

19 m

A Wav

elen

gth,

nm20

°C


8

VC

SE

L re

quire

men

ts fo

r po

rtab

le,

in-s

itu F

BG

sen

sing

sys

tem

s�

Wav

elen

gth

inve

ntor

y in

the

1550

nm

ban

d;�

~1-

5 m

Wfu

ndam

enta

l mod

e em

issi

on;

�W

avel

engt

h sw

eep

freq

uenc

y ~

1 k

Hz;

�

Tun

ing

rang

e ~

10

nm;

�Li

ne-w

idth

~5

MH

z.

Spe

sific

atio

nsde

velo

ped

in c

olla

bora

tion

with

Dr.

Han

s G

. Lim

berg

er, A

PL,

IMT

, EP

FL,

in

the

fram

e of

Nan

oter

aP

ropo

sal2

0NA

N1_

1235

88, 2

008


9

VC

SE

L ba

sed

FB

G s

yste

ms:

�lig

ht w

eigh

tfib

er g

ratin

g in

terr

ogat

ion

syst

em

base

d on

WD

M te

chno

logy

;�

Dyn

amic

in-s

itu m

easu

rem

ents

of

tem

pera

ture

and

str

ain

durin

g cu

ring

of

com

posi

te m

ater

ials

;�

port

able

sys

tem

s fo

rco

ntin

uous

mon

itorin

g of

terr

estr

ial,

airb

orne

and

spa

cest

ruct

ures

.


10

Lette

rs o

f sup

port

from

�A

lingh

iht

tp://

ww

w.a

lingh

i.com

/en/

�O

erlik

onsp

ace

http

://w

ww

.oer

likon

.com

/spa

ce/

�E

ndos

ense

http

://w

ww

.end

osen

se.c

om


11

Tec

hnol

ogy

focu

s on

fibe

r op

tic s

enso

rs

Dis

trib

uted

fibe

r op

tic m

arke

t est

imat

ions

:�

Opt

oele

ctro

nics

Indu

stry

Dev

elop

men

t A

ssoc

iatio

n (O

IDA

): $

550

mill

ion

by

2010

. �

Glo

bal I

ndus

try

Ana

lyst

s: >

$65

0 m

illio

n by

201

0.


12

Out

line

�La

ser

spec

tros

copy

for

sens

ing

appl

icat

ions

:-

Fib

er-B

ragg

sen

sors

;

-T

unab

lela

ser

diod

e ab

sorp

tion

spec

tros

copy

;-

Res

onan

tPho

toac

ousl

ticga

sse

nsor

s;�

1500

-200

0 nm

Ver

tical

cav

ityla

sers

with

fund

amen

talm

ode

emis

sion

of 1

-6 m

W;

�2

W d

ifrac

tion

limite

dV

ertic

al E

xter

nalC

avity

Lase

rs in

the

1500

nm

ban

d.

13


13

Tu

nab

le la

ser

dio

de

sp

ectr

osc

op

y in

th

e 15

00-2

000

nm

ran

ge

1740

HC

lH

ydro

chlo

ride

1617

C2H

4E

thyl

ene

2003

H2O

Wat

er

2004

, 195

3C

O2

Car

bon

Dio

xide

1570

CO

Car

bon

Mon

oxid

e

1512

NH

3A

mm

onia

1650

CH

4M

etha

ne

Abs

orpt

ion

line,

nm

Sym

bol

Gas

Rem

ote

sens

ing

of C

H4

Loca

l gas

-cel

lsen

sing


14

Exa

mpl

eof

VC

SE

L ba

sed

abso

rptio

n sp

ectr

osco

pyse

t-up

Tem

pera

ture

and

inje

ctio

n cu

rren

tare

con

trol

led

to 0

.01°

C a

nd 1

µA

A m

odul

atio

n cu

rren

t is

supe

rimpo

sed

on th

e V

CS

EL

driv

e cu

rren

t for

in

crea

sing

det

ectio

n se

nsiti

vity

;

Gas

pre

ssur

e is

con

trol

led

in th

e ra

nge

1 m

bar-

1 ba

r.


15

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.8

0.07

0.07

5

0.08

0.08

5

0.09

0.09

5

55.

56

6.5

77.

5

8°C

diod

e324

8w

afer

l070

502b

2f 2f 2f 2f

1st D

C1s

t DC

1st D

C1s

t DC

Idc

[mA]

CO

2de

tect

ion

with

LPN

/BX

VC

SEL

Das

hed

lines

–or

dina

ryro

om a

irS

olid

lines

–10

mba

r C

O2

Opt

ical

pat

hle

ngth

-10

cm

V.Ia

kovl

ev, I

nter

nalr

epor

t


16

Det

ectio

n lim

it of

mic

ro-

Lase

r G

as D

etec

tors La

ser

pow

er ~

1 m

W. D

etec

tion

limit

~0.

3 pp

m

Tim

e, s

ec.

B. W

illin

g, IR

M/L

eist

er, P

SE

, EP

FL


17

Out

line

�La

ser

spec

tros

copy

for

sens

ing

appl

icat

ions

:-

Fib

er-B

ragg

sen

sors

;-

Tun

able

lase

r di

ode

abso

rptio

n sp

ectr

osco

py;

-R

eson

antP

hoto

acou

sltic

gas

sens

ors;

�15

00-2

000

nm V

ertic

al c

avity

lase

rs w

ithfu

ndam

enta

lmod

e em

issi

onof

1-6

mW

;�

2 W

difr

actio

nlim

ited

Ver

tical

Ext

erna

lC

avity

Lase

rs in

the

1500

nm

ban

d.


18

Res

onan

t pho

to-a

cous

tic

spec

tros

copy

-M

odul

ated

ligh

t is

abso

rbed

by

gas

mol

ecul

es a

nd r

esul

ts in

a

tem

pera

ture

incr

ease

and

a lo

cal p

ress

ure

rais

e.

-The

sen

sing

cel

l (~

25x1

5 cm

) ac

ts a

s an

aco

ustic

res

onat

or a

mpl

ifyin

g th

e si

gnal

by

mor

e th

at 5

00 ti

mes

.

-Req

uire

d la

ser

pow

er le

vel 0

.5-1

W!


19

Det

ectio

n lim

it, a

mm

onia

at 2

500

nm

Pre

cisi

on ~

±0.

4 pp

bD

r. E

tienn

e R

ocha

t, O

mni

sens

S.A

., M

orge

s, V

D


20

NH

3 P

hoto

acou

stic

sens

orap

arat

uspr

oduc

edby

Om

nise

nsS

.A. i

n M

orge

s The

sys

tem

isba

sed

on a

CO

2la

ser.

Det

ectio

nlim

it0.

1 pp

bof

NH

3. A

pplic

atio

n: tr

ace-

gas

dete

ctio

nin

cle

an-r

oom

s.

Cha

lleng

e:

To

repl

ace

the

CO

2

lase

r by

151

2 nm

an

d 17

40 n

m

VE

CS

ELs

with

~1W

di

ffrac

tion

limite

dou

tput

for

both

NH

3

and

HC

ltra

ce g

asde

tect

ion


21

Out

line

�La

ser

spec

tros

copy

for

sens

ing

appl

icat

ions

:-

Fib

er-B

ragg

sen

sors

;-

Tun

able

lase

r di

ode

abso

rptio

n sp

ectr

osco

py;

-R

eson

antP

hoto

acou

sltic

gas

sens

ors;

�15

00-2

000

nm V

ertic

al c

avity

lase

rs w

ithfu

ndam

enta

lmod

e em

issi

onof

1-6

mW

;�

2 W

difr

actio

nlim

ited

Ver

tical

Ext

erna

lCav

ityLa

sers

in th

e 15

00 n

m b

and.


22

Sen

sing

VC

SE

Lsim

port

ant

para

met

ers:

�B

road

band

pre

cise

wav

elen

gth

cont

rol;

�H

igh

outp

ut o

f sev

eral

mW

;�

Nar

row

line

-wid

th o

f ~ 5

MH

z;�

Con

tinuo

ustu

ning

of ~

10

nm.


23E

.Kap

on, A

. Sirb

u, N

atur

e ph

oton

ics,

Tec

hnol

ogy

focu

s, p

p.27

-29,

200

9

Long

-wav

elen

gth

VC

SE

Ls:

thre

e m

ain

app

roac

hes


24

1500

nm

-200

0 nm

VC

SE

L de

sign

botto

mD

BR

Top

DB

RQ

Ws

N c

onta

ct

P c

onta

ctT

J

GaA

ssu

bstr

ate

Cav

ityad

just

men

tlay

ers

p n


25

4 re

gion

s on

the

waf

er w

ith d

iffer

ent

emis

sion

wav

elen

gths

Cav

ity M

appi

ng o

f dou

ble-

fuse

d w

afer

Em

issi

on a

t 155

0 nm

, 156

0 nm

, 157

0 nm

, 158

0 nm

corr

espo

nds

to o

ff-s

ets

of 3

0 nm

, 40

nm 5

0 nm

60

nmA

. Sir

bu, I

nvite

dta

lk A

OE

-08,

A. C

alim

an, e

t al,

EC

OC

-08


26

1550

nm

LI a

nd IV

Cha

ract

eris

tics

(7 µ

m a

pert

ure)

•0•1•2•3•4•5•6

•0•1•2•3•4•5•6

•0•5

•10

•15

•20

•Voltage, V

•Cur

rent

, mA

•155

4 nm

•156

3 nm

•157

1 nm

•158

0 nm

•20

°C

•Power, mW

•0•1•2•3•4

•0•1•2•3•4

•0•5

•10

•15

•20

•Voltage, V

•Power, mW

•Cur

rent

, mA

•155

4 nm

•156

3 nm

•157

1 nm

•158

0 nm

•70

°C

•-10

•0•1

0•2

0•3

0•4

0•5

0•6

0•7

0•8

0•9

0•1

00•0•1•2•3•4•5•6•7•8 •Maximal Power, mW

•Tem

pera

ture

, °C•

1552

nm

•15

64 n

m•

1571

nm

•15

81 n

m

•-10

•0•1

0•2

0•3

0•4

0•5

0•6

0•7

0•8

0•9

0•1

00•0•1•2•3•4•5•6

•15

52 n

m•

1564

nm

•15

71 n

m•

1581

nm

•Threshold current, mA

•Tem

pera

ture

, °C

-M

ax R

T o

utpu

t: at

156

0 nm

(40

nm

off-

set)

;

-M

ax H

T (

90°C

) ou

tput

: at 1

580

nm (

60 n

m o

ff-se

t)


27

LIV

sat

diffe

rent

emis

sion

wav

elen

gths

0

0.51

1.52

2.53

3.54

012345678

05

1015

2025

Voltage, V

Power, mW

Cur

rent

, mA

1560

1565

1570

45 dB

20°C

, 15

mA

0 ÷

70

°Cst

ep 1

0°C

0123456

0123456

05

1015

2025

Voltage, V

Power, mW

Cur

rent

, mA

10

÷ 11

0 °C

step

10°

C

1575

1580

1585

1590

47 dB

20°C

, 15

mA

A. C

alim

an, T

o be

pres

ente

dat

CLE

O-0

9


28

Em

issi

on s

pect

ravs

cur

rent

1'5

58

1'5

62

1'5

66

1'5

70

1'5

74

678910

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Wav

ele

ngth

, nm

60 dB/div

60°C

20°C

40°C

Mea

sure

men

tsby

V. I

akov

lev,


29

Tun

ing

with

curr

ent

0

0.51

1.52

2.53

3.5

01234567

05

1015

2025

3035

40

Voltage, V

Power, mW

Cur

rent

, mA

___

0 °C

15

60

15

65

15

70

15

75

15

80

10 dB/div5

mA

15

mA

25

mA

37

mA

0°C

15

nm

Wa

vele

ng

th,

nm

E. K

apon

, Inv

ited

talk

ISLC

-08


30

1550

nm

ar-

field

em

issi

on a

nd li

ne-w

idth

Freq

uenc

y, M

Hz

Lore

ntzi

anlin

e-sh

ape;

∆

ν ννν=

4.5

MH

zF

WH

M=9

°Se

lf-h

omod

ine

line

-wid

th m

easu

rem

ents

per

form

ed b

y M

.Gro

ssen

bach

er, E

D E

PF

L

Far

-fie

ld a

nd li

ne-w

idth

mea

sure

men

ts p

erfo

rmed

at

2 m

Wou

tput

, RT


31

15°C

V. I

akov

lev,

Inte

rnal

repo

rt

Wav

elen

gth

sele

ctio

nin

the

2000

nm

ban

d


32

Tw

o-sp

ecie

s de

tect

ion:

C

O2

and

H2O

CO

2C

O2

H2O

CO

2

H2O

15 cm

V. I

akov

lev,

Inte

rnal

repo

rt


33

Wav

elen

gth

tuni

ng

Sin

gle

mod

e em

issi

on in

th

e 4-

18 m

A c

urre

nt r

ange

Wav

elen

gth

tuni

ngra

tes:

−∆λ

/∆I ~

0.3

1 nm

/mA

−

∆T/∆

I ~ 0

.14

nm/°C

Wav

elen

gth,

nm

Wav

elen

gth

tuni

ngra

nge

~ 5

nm

A. M

ereu

ta e

t al.

PT

L 20

08, I

PR

M-2

008


34

Out

line

�La

ser

spec

tros

copy

for

sens

ing

appl

icat

ions

:-

Fib

er-B

ragg

sen

sors

;-

Tun

able

lase

r di

ode

abso

rptio

n sp

ectr

osco

py;

-R

eson

antP

hoto

acou

sltic

gas

sens

ors;

�15

00-2

000

nm V

ertic

al c

avity

lase

rs w

ithfu

ndam

enta

lmod

e em

issi

onof

1-6

mW

;

�2

W d

ifrac

tion

limite

dV

ertic

al E

xter

nal

Cav

ityLa

sers

in th

e 15

00 n

m b

and.


35

�V

EC

SE

L sc

hem

e

VE

CS

ELs

: circ

ular

difr

actio

nlim

edhi

ghpo

wer

out

put

M.K

uzne

tsov

, PT

L, v

ol.9

, pp.

1063

-106

5, 1

997


36

1550

nm

VE

CS

EL

half-

cavi

ty

Al0.

06G

a 0.2

6In0.

68As

QW

Al0.

16G

a 0.3

8In0.

46As

bar

rier

InP

cap

Al0.

23G

a 0.2

4In0.

53As

spac

er

Waf

er fu

sion

inte

rfac

e

35 p

airs

Al

GaA

s/G

aAs

DBR

GaA

sAl

GaA

s

GaA

s Sub

stra

te

Activ

e re

gion

A.S

irbu

et a

l., T

o be

pres

ente

dat

OF

C-0

9


37

1550

nm

VE

CS

EL

pum

ping

sche

me

Pum

pG

ain

mirr

or

Dia

mon

d he

at

spre

ader

OC

=2

%

RoC

=15

0mm

Out

put

Wat

er c

oole

d co

pper

hea

t si

nk

Pel

tier

elem

ent

D1=

90 m

m

D2=

240

mm


38

Out

put c

hara

cter

istic

s

05

1015

2025

30

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

T=1

0 C

T=1

5 C

T=2

0 C

T=2

5 C

T=3

0 C

T=3

5 C

T=4

0 C

T=4

5 C

T=5

0 C

T=5

5 C

T=6

0 C

T=6

5 C

T=7

0 C

T=7

5 C

Output power (mW)

Inpu

t pow

er a

t 980

nm

(W)

J. R

autic

aine

n, J

. Lyy

tikai

nen,

A. S

irbu,

A. M

ereu

ta, A

. C

alim

an, E

.Kap

on, O

.Okh

otni

cov,

Opt

ics

Exp

ress

, Dec

. 200

8

x 10

impr

ovem

entc

ompa

red

with

prev

ious

publ

ishe

dre

sults


39

Spe

ctra

l cha

ract

eris

tics

1540

1550

1560

1570

1580

1590

1600

T=1

00 C T

=400 C

T=7

00 C

Intensity (10dB/div)

Wav

elen

gth

(nm

)

Wav

elen

gth

com

bes:

mul

tiple

ref

lect

ions

in

the

diam

ond

heat

-spr

eade

r

Spe

ctra

are

take

nat

10.9

W o

f 980

nm

pu

mp

pow

er.

Shi

ft w

ithte

mpe

ratu

re:

0.42

nm

/°C


40

Far

-fie

ldpa

ttern

Far

fiel

dpa

ttern

dis

trib

utio

n m

easu

red

with

a py

roca

mer

a


41

Sum

mar

y�

Em

ergi

ng s

pect

rosc

opy

deve

lopm

ents

in fi

ber-

brag

gse

nsor

s, tu

nabl

e la

ser

diod

e sp

ectr

osco

py, a

nd p

hoto

-ac

oust

ic s

enso

rs r

equi

re la

ser

sour

ces

with

pre

scrib

ed

wav

elen

gths

, con

tinuo

us tu

ning

, nar

row

line

wid

than

d hi

gh o

utpu

t pow

er in

the

1500

nm

200

0 nm

�

1500

nm

-200

0 nm

sta

te o

f the

art

waf

er fu

sed

VC

SE

Lsde

mon

stra

te fu

ndam

enta

l mod

e ou

tput

of 6

+mW

, ex

celle

nt o

n-w

afer

wav

elen

gth

cont

rol i

n th

e 50

nm

ba

nd, n

arro

w li

new

idth

of b

elow

5 M

Hz

and

cont

inuo

us

wav

elen

gth

tuni

ng o

f up

to 1

5 nm

. Firs

t gas

sen

sing

ex

perim

ents

hav

e be

en s

ucce

ssfu

lly p

erfo

rmed

.�

Hig

h po

wer

of 2

W+

diffr

actio

n lim

ited

VE

CS

ELs

in th

e 15

50 b

and

are

dem

onst

rate

d fo

r th

e fir

st ti

me.

A

pplic

atio

n in

Ph.

App

licat

ion

in a

cous

tic s

ensi

ng to

be

eval

uate

d.


42

Tha

nk y

ou fo

r yo

ur

atte

ntio

n

Alexei Sirbu - swissphotonics.net · Broad band light source Optical spectrum ... Technology focus...

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Transcript of Alexei Sirbu - swissphotonics.net · Broad band light source Optical spectrum ... Technology focus...