Alchemy Unit Investigation II: Basic Building Materials€¦ · 1/17/2012 · Alchemy Unit...

Alchemy Unit

Investigation II:

Basic Building

Materials Lesson 1: A New Language

Lesson 2: Now You See It . . .

Lesson 3: What Goes Around

Lesson 4: Create a Table

Lesson 5: Breaking the Code

Qu i c k T im e ™ a n d a Qu i c k Dra w d e c o m p re s s o r a re n e e d e d to s e e t h i s p i c tu re .

Alchemy Unit – Investigation II

Lesson 1:

A New Language


© 2004 Key Curriculum Press.

Unit 1 • Investigation II

ChemCatalyst

There are two bottles on a shelf in a

chemistry lab. Both contain a shiny metal

substance that resembles gold. Bottle A

is labeled Au(s). Bottle B is labeled

FeS2(s).

• Do you think both bottles contain gold?

Why or why not?

• What do you think the symbols on the

bottles mean?



The Big Question

• What do the chemical symbols tells us

about the substance inside the bottle?



You will be able to:

• Make sense of chemical names and

symbols.



• An element is a unique form of matter

that serves as a building material for

more complex matter.

• Elements cannot be broken apart into

two different substances.

Notes



Activity

Purpose: The goal of this lesson is to give you practice making sense of some of the “language” of chemistry, and translating chemical names and formulas.

(cont.)



Name Chemical

formula

Description

Vial 1

Vial 2 copper nitrate

Vial 3 copper

hydroxide

Cu(OH)2 (s) blue-green crystals

Vial 4

Vial 5 NaNO3 (s)

Vial 6

Vial 7

Vial 8

Vial 9 nitric acid



Name Chemical

formula

Description

Vial 10 fine, brown powder

Vial 11 NaOH(aq)

Vial 12

Vial 13

Vial 14 clear liquid

Vial 15 zinc sulfate

Vial 16

Vial 17 Cu(NO3)2(aq)

Vial 18 ***STAMP CHECK***



Making Sense

• When you turned the penny silver on the first day of class, you used zinc, Zn(s), and sodium hydroxide, NaOH(aq). Do you think the penny was coated with silver, Ag(s)? Explain your reasoning.



• A chemical formula is the set of

symbols a chemist uses to represent a

compound. Carbon dioxide is a

compound. Its chemical formula is

CO2.

• A compound is a substance that

consists of two or more elements

chemically combined together.

Notes

(cont.)



• A substance is aqueous if it is

dissolved in water.

• The substance that is dissolved with

water is called the solute.

• The water is referred to as the

solvent.

Notes (cont.)



Check-In

• Imagine you find a vial that is labeled

Na2SO4(aq). What does the label tell

you about what is in this flask?



Wrap-Up

• Chemical symbols represent the

elements that combine to form various

substances. Each element has either a

one or two letter symbol. The first letter

is always capitalized, the second letter

is always lower case.

• The chemical formula of a substance

tells us what elements are in it as well

as the relative amounts of each

element in that substance.


Lesson 4:

Create a Table




ChemCatalyst

In 1889 a Russian chemistry teacher

created an organized table of the

elements. At the time only 63 different

elements were known. Below is a

reproduction of that table.

• What do you think the numbers

represent?

(cont.)



The Big Question

• How did Mendeleyev organize the

elements?




• Explain how the periodic table of

elements is organized.



• Dimitri Mendeleyev is credited

with organizing the elements

into the first periodic table.

• The main properties that

Mendeleyev used to sort the

elements were reactivity with

one another and a number

describing the atomic weight of

each element.

Notes



Activity

Purpose: The goal of this lesson is to acquaint you with Mendeleyev’s organization of the elements by allowing you to create your own table from the patterns you see in the elements.



Making Sense

Below are five possible cards for the

element germanium. Where does

germanium belong in the table? Which

card seems most accurate to you? What

is your reasoning?

(cont.)



Germanium

Ge

62.7

Germanium

Ge

62.7

Germanium

Ge

66.0

Germanium

Ge

72.6

A B C

D E

Germanium

Ge

72.6

(cont.)



• What would you add to the three empty

corners to complete the card?

Germanium

Ge

(cont.)

(cont.)



Completed Table (cont.)



Check-In

• Which of the following elements would

you find in the same group on the

periodic table? Explain your thinking.

Cadmium Cd

Moderately soft, silvery solid, metal

React very slowly with water

Found in CdCl2 (s)

Zinc Zn

Moderately hard, silvery solid, metal

Reacts very slowly with water

Found in ZnCl2 (s)

Iodine I

Purple solid, nonmetal

Reacts slowly with metals

Found in ICl (s)

Mercury Hg

Silvery liquid, metal

Does not react with water

Found in HgCl2 (s)



Wrap-Up

• Mendeleyev organized the periodic

table based on the properties of the

elements.

• Mendeleyev’s arrangement of the

elements helped to predict the

existence of undiscovered elements.


Lesson 5:

Breaking the Code




ChemCatalyst

• Where did Mendeleyev place copper,

Cu, on the periodic table he created?

(Note: The atomic weight of copper

is 63.)

• Where would you put copper, Cu, on

your periodic table? Explain your

thinking.



The Big Question

• How can you predict properties of

elements using a periodic table?




• Interpret some of the information given

in the periodic table.



Notes

(cont.)



Notes (cont.)

(cont.)



• The elements in the middle of the

table are referred to as the transition

elements, or the transition metals.

Notes (cont.)



Activity

Purpose: This lesson will help to identify many of the patterns that are contained in the periodic table of the elements.

(cont.)



(cont.)



Making Sense

• The elements copper and gold are

both relatively unreactive. It is easy to

bend and shape both metals. Both are

used to make coins and jewelry. Is the

similarity in their properties consistent

with their locations on the periodic

table? Explain why or why not.



Notes



Check-In

• Use the cards for Cu, copper, and Au,

gold, to describe all you can about the

element silver, Ag.

shiny, reddish

metal

found in

CuCl reacts

slowly in air

Copper shiny, yellow

metal

found in

AuCl

Not very

reactive

Gold

Cu

63.5

Au

197.0



Wrap-Up

• Elements in each column of the

periodic table have similar properties.

• We can predict the characteristics of a

missing element based on the qualities

of the elements found adjacent to it in

a periodic table.

Alchemy Unit Investigation II: Basic Building Materials€¦ · 1/17/2012 · Alchemy Unit...

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