Al Jufrah Libyan dates Pomological Cards

Improvement and Development of Date Palm

in the oasis of Al Jufrah

DATE PALM CULTIVATION IN AL JUFRAH OASIS

Best Practices and Pomological Cards

Edited by

Bashir Gshera, Massimo Battaglia,

Sergio Mugnai, Carlo Bergesio

The Project

This publication has been produced as part of the

Miglioramento e valorizzazione della palma da dattero nelle

Oasi di Al Jufrah in Libia program for improving and

promoting date palms in the oases of Al Jufrah in Libya,

funded by the Directorate General for Development

Cooperation of the Italian Ministry for Foreign Affairs and

coordinated by the Istituto Agronomico per l'Oltremare

(IAO) in Florence in collaboration with the Libyan Board of

Improving and Developing Olive and Palm Trees.

The project’s origins lie in the commitments made between Italy and Libya to strengthen and

develop relationships between the two countries. The central government and local authorities

in Libya share an interest in improving agricultural, forestry and pastoral systems. As part of the

effort to support the agricultural improvement of land cleared of Second World War surplus, the

Italian government has begun providing assistance and collaboration in the agro-zootechnical

and environmental sector.

In Al Jufrah, activities agreed on by the two countries began in May 2009. They are aimed at

encouraging local economic development through coordinated actions to support producers of

quality dates, whether individuals or associations. The strategy is led by two guiding principles:

identifying and guaranteeing quality dates through production protocols that will ensure the

consistency and quality of the final product; and protecting the agrobiodiversity of Al Jufrah by

promoting the local palm varieties and strengthening traditional oasis-management systems.

The initiative involves all the actors in the date production chain, reinforcing associations and

relationships between producers, processors and traders; encouraging the protection of the

environment and raising awareness about quality dates among consumers. This last objective

will draw on experiences in Italy promoting typical local products using the Protected

Designation of Origin (PDO) and Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) systems, closely linking

a product and its place of origin.

The aims of the Italo-Libyan technical and

scientific collaboration are to increase the

quantity and quality of date production

through the selection and genetic

improvement of local varieties; to introduce

cultivation systems able to optimize the use

of water and energy resources and reduce

negative external effects; and to improve

processing systems and marketing

domestically and abroad.

Pomological Description Phoenix dactylifera

TREE

Trunk shape

- cylindrical (1)

- cone shaped (2)

- other

Foliage shape

- erected (1)

- spherical (2)

- falling (3)

Crown shape

- loose

- moderately dense

- dense

Bunch type

- erected (1)

- oblique (2)

- falling (3)

Bunch density

- very dense

- dense

- moderately dense

- loose

Bunch colour

- greenish

- yellow

- yellow-orange

- orange

- dark orange

- other

FRUIT

Shape

- spherical (1)

- sub-spherical (2)

- ovate (3)

- sub-cylindrical (4)

- cylindrical (5)

- pear-shaped (6)

- curved (7)

Apex shape

- round off (1)

- pointed (2)

- elongated (3)

- oval (4)

- oval and oblique (5)

Base shape

- round off (1)

- flat and oblique (2)

- flat (3)

- oval (4)

- oval and oblique (5)

- oblique (6)

Colour

- yellow

- amber

- honey

- dark brown

- black

- greenish

- red

Skin appearance

- smooth (1)

- pleated (2)

- corrugated (3)

- blistered (4)

- tattooed (5)

Alteration of skin colour

- no

- collar

- marbled

Fruit Texture

- soft

- half-soft

- dry

Perianth

- absent

- flattened (1)

- prominent (2 and 3)

Flesh Texture

- soft

- firm (honeyed)

- fibrous

Mean flesh thickness

The width is measured at the middle zone of the section.

- thin (<3,5 mm)

- medium (3,5-4,5 mm)

- thick (> 4,5 mm)

Presence of fibres

- not much (0-50%)

- medium (51-80%)

- much (81-100%)

Flesh to seed adhesion

- not much (0-50%)

- medium (51-80%)

- much (81-100%)

Mean length

The measure includes all kind of protuberances at the apex but excludes the perianth.

- very short (<30 mm)

- short (30-40 mm)

- medium (41-50 mm)

- long (51-60 mm)

- very long (>60 mm)

Mean max width

- narrow (<10 mm)

- medium (10-20 mm)

- large (21-30 mm)

- very large (>30 mm)

Mean length/width ratio

- low (<1,6)

- medium (1,6-2,0)

- high (>2,0)

Mean weight of 20 fruits (g)

Mean flesh weight of 20 fruits (g)

SEED

Shape

- ovate (1)

- cone-shaped (2)

- spindle-shaped (3)

- sub-cylindrical (4)

- pear-shaped (5)

Colour

- gray

- beige

- brown

Surface

- smooth

- rough

- bumpy

- striated

Presence of Mucro (apex) or fibrous type (base)

- no

- mucro

- fibrous type

- both

Micropyle position

- towards the base (1)

- at the middle (2)

- towards the apex (3)

Ventral furrow shape

- not prominent (1)

- prominent (2 and 3)

Mean Length

The measure includes the mucro at the apex but excludes the fibrous type at the base.

- very short (<10 mm)

- short (11-20 mm)

- medium (21-30 mm)

- long (31-40 mm)

- very long (>40 mm)

Mean max Width

The measure excludes any crest and fin.

- narrow (<9 mm)

- medium (9-11 mm)

- large (>11 mm)

Mean length/width ratio

- low (<2,5)

- medium (2,4-3,1)

- high (>3,1)

Mean weight of 20 seeds (g)

Mean seed/fruit length ratio

- low (<1/2)

- medium (1/2-2/3)

- high (>2/3)

Mean seed/fruit weight ratio

- low (<0,12)

- medium (0,12-0,18)

- high (>0,18)

INFLORESCENCE

Spathe Shape

- lanceolate (1)

- spindle-shaped (2)

- swollen (3)

Mean spathe length (mm)

- short (<400)

- medium (400-700)

- long (>700)

Mean max spathe width (mm)

- narrow (<70)

- medium (70-90)

- large (>90)

N° of spathes/tree

Considering both open and close spathes.

- not much (<7)

- medium (7-12)

- much (>12)

N° of spikelets in the spike

- not much (<60)

- medium (60-110)

- much (>110)

N° of flowers in one spikelet

- not much (<30)

- medium (30-50)

- much (>50)

Passport

Origin and distribution: well-adapted to Al Jufrah area.

One of the most widespread variety in Sokna, Hun,

Waddan and few in Zellah. Not present in Al Fugha

Productive area in Al Jufrah Oasis: 9 %

Mean Production in Al Jufrah Oasis: 75-100 Kg/tree

Agronomic characteristics: slow growth of the plant.

Sensible to pests. High productivity. Very good offshoot

capacity

Flowering period: March

Commercial maturity stage: Tamar

Harvest period: from September to October by removing

of bunches

Fruit and trade characteristics: sweet but astringent

flavor. Easy to harvest, store and transport. Good market

value

Quality ��

TREE

Trunk shape cylindrical Bunch type oblique

Foliage shape spherical Bunch density very dense

Crown shape moderately dense - dense Bunch colour orange - dark orange

FRUIT

Shape ovate - sub-cylindrical Flesh thickness medium

Apex oval Presence of fibres much

Base flat Flesh to seed adhesion not much

Color honey Length short

Skin appearance tattooed Width large

Alteration of skin colour collar Length/width ratio medium

Fruit texture half-soft Main weight of 20 fruits (g) 174

Perianth absent Main flesh weight of 20 fruits (g) 147

Flesh texture firm (honeyed)

SEED

Shape sub-cylindrical - ovate Length medium

Colour brown - beige Width medium

Surface rough Length/width ratio medium

Presence of mucro

or fibrous type both Main weight of 20 seeds (g) 27

Micropyle position towards the base Seed/Fruit length ratio medium

Ventral furrow shape prominent Seed/Fruit weight ratio medium

INFLORESCENCE

Spathe Shape lanceolate N° of spathes/tree medium

Spathe length medium N° of spikelets in the spike medium

Spathe width medium N° of flowers in one spikelet medium

QUALITATIVE PARAMETERS

Total sugar content high content Potassium

Glucose Magnesium

Fructose Iron

Zinc

Passport

Origin and distribution: rare variety, it’s only present in

Waddan and few in Hun

Productive area in Al Jufrah Oasis: 0,1 %

Mean Production in Al Jufrah Oasis: 60 Kg/tree

Agronomic characteristics: reasonable offshoots capacity


Commercial maturity stage: Rutab and Tamar

Harvest period: from August to September by selection

of dates and removing of bunches

Fruit and trade characteristics: trade and commercial

value for daily consumption and when get to dry Tamar

stage used for animal feed

Quality ��

TREE


Foliage shape erected - spherical Bunch density dense

Crown shape moderately dense - dense Bunch colour yellow-orange

FRUIT

Shape sub-cylindrical Flesh thickness thin

Apex oval Presence of fibres medium

Base flat – flat and oblique Flesh to seed adhesion not much

Color honey – sometime red Length short

Skin appearance pleated - blistered Width medium

Alteration of skin colour collar Length/width ratio medium



Flesh texture soft - firm (honeyed)

SEED

Shape sub-cylindrical Length medium

Colour brown - beige Width narrow

Surface smooth - rough Length/width ratio medium

Presence of mucro

or fibrous type no Main weight of 20 seeds (g) 23

Micropyle position at the middle Seed/Fruit length ratio medium


INFLORESCENCE





Total sugar content Potassium

Glucose Magnesium

Fructose Iron

Zinc

Passport

Origin and distribution: rare variety exists in Sokna, Hun

and Waddan. It’s not present in Zellah and Al Fugha




Flowering period: from the end of February to the end of

March


Harvest period: from September to October by selection of

dates and removing of bunches

Fruit and trade characteristics: fresh fruits consumption

and past

Quality ��

TREE


Foliage shape erected Bunch density very dense - dense

Crown shape Moderately dense Bunch colour orange

FRUIT

Shape sub-cylindrical Flesh thickness medium



Color honey - amber Length medium

Skin appearance from smooth to blistered Width large

Alteration of skin colour usually no, sometime marbled Length/width ratio medium

Fruit texture soft Main weight of 20 fruits (g) 241



SEED


Colour beige – brown Width narrow

Surface smooth Length/width ratio high

Presence of mucro

or fibrous type mucro Main weight of 20 seeds (g) 27


Ventral furrow shape not prominent Seed/Fruit weight ratio low

INFLORESCENCE

Spathe Shape lanceolate - spindle-shaped N° of spathes/tree not much


Spathe width large N° of flowers in one spikelet medium



Glucose Magnesium

Fructose Iron

Zinc

Passport

Origin and distribution: common variety of Waddan,

Sokna and Hun. It’s one of the most widespread variety

in Al Fugha and Zellah



Agronomic characteristics: rapid growth of the plant

with quick ageing process. High productivity, sensitive

to pests and water salinity, good rooting capacity in bad

soil situation. Good offshoot capacity, with high

percentage of offshoot developing during plantation

Flowering period: February - March

Commercial maturity stage: Tamar

Harvest period: in October by removing of bunches

Fruit and trade characteristics: with a low sugar

content, this is the date variety most recommended for

diabetes sufferers. Good for postharvest processing and

other uses for animal feed

Quality ��

TREE


Foliage shape erected Bunch density dense

Crown shape moderately dense Bunch colour yellow-orange

FRUIT

Shape sub-cylindrical Flesh thickness thin



Color honey Length medium

Skin appearance corrugated Width medium

Alteration of skin colour sometime collar Length/width ratio high

Fruit texture half-soft - soft Main weight of 20 fruits (g) 151

Perianth Absent or flattened Main flesh weight of 20 fruits (g) 121

Flesh texture firm (honeyed) - soft

SEED


Colour beige Width medium

Surface rough - bumpy Length/width ratio medium

Presence of mucro

or fibrous type sometime fibrous type Main weight of 20 seeds (g) 30

Micropyle position towards the apex - middle Seed/Fruit length ratio medium

Ventral furrow shape prominent Seed/Fruit weight ratio high

INFLORESCENCE


Spathe length Medium - short N° of spikelets in the spike medium

Spathe width medium - narrow N° of flowers in one spikelet medium


Total sugar content low content Potassium

Glucose Magnesium

Fructose Iron

Zinc

Passport

Origin and distribution: the most valuable date variety in

Libya, with Algerian origin. It’s one of the most widespread

variety in Sokna, Hun and Waddan



Agronomic characteristics: rapid growth of the plant. Sensitive

to pests. Excellent offshoots capacity




dates and later removing the bunches

Fruit and trade characteristics: shiny skin. Mild sweet taste.

Very suitable for long-period conservation and highly

acceptable for consumption

Quality ��

TREE

Trunk shape cylindrical Bunch type falling - oblique


Crown shape moderately dense - dense Bunch colour yellow

FRUIT

Shape ovate - sub-cylindrical Flesh thickness thick

Apex elongated Presence of fibres medium


Color amber Length medium

Skin appearance smooth Width large

Alteration of skin colour usually collar Length/width ratio medium



Flesh texture soft

SEED

Shape spindle-shaped Length medium

Colour brown Width narrow


Presence of mucro

or fibrous type fibrous type Main weight of 20 seeds (g) 18



INFLORESCENCE


Spathe length long N° of spikelets in the spike not much

Spathe width medium N° of flowers in one spikelet much



Glucose Magnesium

Fructose Iron

Zinc

Passport

Origin and distribution: rare variety of Sokna, Hun and

Waddan. It’s not present in Zellah and Al Fugha


(started to expanded)


Agronomic characteristics: Low offshoot production,

with poor rooting ability



Harvest period: in September by selection of dates

Fruit and trade characteristics: very soft and larger

than average and pleasantly sweet without being

cloying. Low productive, with a high storability.

Considered a rare delicacy, represents the top quality of

date with an excellent market value

Quality ��

TREE

Trunk shape cylindrical Bunch type erected

Foliage shape erected - spherical Bunch density moderately dense

Crown shape moderately dense Bunch colour orange

FRUIT

Shape ovate Flesh thickness thick

Apex round off Presence of fibres much


Color honey Length short - medium

Skin appearance corrugated Width large

Alteration of skin colour sometime collar Length/width ratio low




SEED

Shape ovate Length medium

Colour brown Width medium

Surface rough Length/width ratio low

Presence of mucro

or fibrous type sometime mucro Main weight of 20 seeds (g) 22

Micropyle position towards the base - middle Seed/Fruit length ratio low


INFLORESCENCE






Glucose Magnesium

Fructose Iron

Zinc

Passport

Origin and distribution: very abundant in Al Jufrah Oasis,

it’s one of the most widespread variety in Zellah and Al

Fugha



Agronomic characteristics: suitable for dry farming

system and also for production of animal feed and other

things

Flowering period: depends on the weather conditions.

Started from the 15th of February to the end of March


Harvest period: in October by removing of bunches

Quality ��

TREE

Trunk shape cylindrical Bunch type erected - oblique

Foliage shape spherical - erected Bunch density dense

Crown shape mod. dense - dense Bunch colour orange - yellow

FRUIT

Shape ovate Flesh thickness thin

Apex pointed - round off Presence of fibres much

Base flat - flat and oblique Flesh to seed adhesion not much


Skin appearance tattooed - corrugated Width large

Alteration of skin colour no Length/width ratio low

Fruit texture soft - half-soft Main weight of 20 fruits (g) 163



SEED

Shape ovate - sub-cylindrical Length medium

Colour beige Width narrow

Surface smooth - rough Length/width ratio low

Presence of mucro

or fibrous type no – sometime mucro Main weight of 20 seeds (g) 28

Micropyle position at the middle - towards the base Seed/Fruit length ratio medium


INFLORESCENCE

Spathe Shape spindle-shaped N° of spathes/tree medium





Glucose Magnesium

Fructose Iron

Zinc

Passport

Etymology: Kathari in Arabic means “green colour”

Origin and distribution: well-adapted to the Al Jufrah area. It’s

one of the most widespread variety in Sokna, Hun and Waddan



Agronomic characteristics: slow growth of the plant. Resistant

to soil and water salinity. High offshoot capacity and rooting,

with high quality offshoots




dates and later removing the bunches

Fruit and trade characteristics: Highly esteemed, though

slightly astringent; stays soft throughout the year. Reasonable

market value

Quality ��

TREE

Trunk shape usually cylindrical Bunch type oblique

Foliage shape spherical - erected Bunch density moderately dense

Crown shape moderately dense Bunch colour orange - dark orange

FRUIT

Shape ovate - sub-cylindrical Flesh thickness medium

Apex round off - oval Presence of fibres much


Color greenish - honey Length short

Skin appearance corrugated Width large

Alteration of skin colour no Length/width ratio medium


Perianth prominent Main flesh weight of 20 fruits (g) 154


SEED



Surface rough Length/width ratio medium

Presence of mucro

or fibrous type mucro Main weight of 20 seeds (g) 24


Ventral furrow shape not prominent Seed/Fruit weight ratio medium

INFLORESCENCE






Glucose Magnesium

Fructose Iron

Zinc

Passport

Origin and distribution: rare variety, exists in Waddan and few in

Sokna and Hun. It’s not present in Zellah and Al Fugha



Agronomic characteristics: very good offshoots capacity



Harvest period: from September to October by selection of dates

Fruit and trade characteristics: daily human consumption and

when get to dry Tamar stage used for animal feed

Quality ��

TREE

Trunk shape cylindrical Bunch type falling

Foliage shape spherical Bunch density dense

Crown shape loose - moderately dense Bunch colour yellow

FRUIT


Apex round off Presence of fibres medium


Color honey- dark brown Length short

Skin appearance smooth Width large




Flesh texture soft

SEED


Colour beige Width medium

Surface smooth Length/width ratio low

Presence of mucro

or fibrous type usually mucro Main weight of 20 seeds (g) 30



INFLORESCENCE


Spathe length short N° of spikelets in the spike medium




Glucose Magnesium

Fructose Iron

Zinc

Passport

Etymology: Omglaib in Arabic means “mother of small heart”

Origin and distribution: rare variety, exists in Sokna, Hun and

Waddan. It’s not present in Zellah and Al Fugha



Agronomic characteristics: well adapted for both dry farming

and irrigated farming. Reasonable offshoots capacity



Harvest period: in September and October by removing of

bunches

Fruit and trade characteristics: daily consumption. Fruit quality

useful for cake or past and for storing

Quality ��

TREE

Trunk shape cylindrical Bunch type erected

Foliage shape erected Bunch density very dense

Crown shape moderately dense Bunch colour yellow-orange

FRUIT

Shape sub-cylindrical - ovate Flesh thickness thin



Color honey – sometime red Length short

Skin appearance blistered - pleated Width large

Alteration of skin colour sometime collar Length/width ratio medium

Fruit texture half-soft - soft Main weight of 20 fruits (g) 137



SEED



Surface bumpy Length/width ratio medium

Presence of mucro

or fibrous type both Main weight of 20 seeds (g) 23

Micropyle position towards the apex Seed/Fruit length ratio medium

Ventral furrow shape usually not prominent Seed/Fruit weight ratio medium

INFLORESCENCE



Spathe width narrow N° of flowers in one spikelet medium



Glucose Magnesium

Fructose Iron

Zinc

Passport

Origin and distribution: of ancient Egyptian origin, but now

considered one of Libya’s most important varieties. It’s one of the

most widespread variety in Sokna, Hun, Waddan and Zellah.

It’s not present in Al Fugha



Agronomic characteristics: Palms quickly grow, resist to pests

and are very productive, producing a regular yield each year




dates. Easy to harvest

Fruit and trade characteristics: The fruits have good market

value due to their pleasant flavor and suitable to storage and

transport

Quality ��

TREE


Foliage shape spherical Bunch density mod. dense - dense

Crown shape moderately dense Bunch colour orange

FRUIT


Apex round off Presence of fibres not much



Skin appearance smooth - corrugated Width large

Alteration of skin colour sometime collar or

marbled Length/width ratio

low




SEED


Colour beige – brown Width medium

Surface rough Length/width ratio low

Presence of mucro

or fibrous type sometime mucro Main weight of 20 seeds (g) 34



INFLORESCENCE


Spathe length medium N° of spikelets in the spike not much

Spathe width medium N° of flowers in one spikelet not much



Glucose Magnesium

Fructose Iron

Zinc

Passport

Origin and distribution: it’s present only in Sokna and Hun





Commercial maturity stage: Rutab

Harvest period: August - September

Fruit and trade characteristics: not highly commercial and use for

daily fresh consumption

Quality ��

TREE

Trunk shape cylindrical Bunch type oblique - falling

Foliage shape spherical - erected Bunch density dense

Crown shape moderately dense Bunch colour usually orange

FRUIT

Shape ovate Flesh thickness thin

Apex round off - oval Presence of fibres medium



Skin appearance corrugated - tattoed Width large

Alteration of skin colour no Length/width ratio low




SEED




Presence of mucro

or fibrous type sometime fibrous type Main weight of 20 seeds (g) 21

Micropyle position at the middle Seed/Fruit length ratio high

Ventral furrow shape usually prominent Seed/Fruit weight ratio medium

INFLORESCENCE

Spathe Shape lanceolate N° of spathes/tree much





Glucose Magnesium

Fructose Iron

Zinc

Passport

Origin and distribution: common variety of Sokna, also

exists in Hun and Waddan





Commercial maturity stage: Balah and Tamar

Harvest period: from October to November by cut of

bunches

Fruit and trade characteristics: one of the best variety to

product vinegar and date syrup

Quality ��

TREE

Trunk shape cylindrical Bunch type oblique - falling


Crown shape moderately dense Bunch colour greenish - yellow

FRUIT

Shape ovate - sub-cylindrical Flesh thickness thin




Skin appearance corrugated - tattooed Width large

Alteration of skin colour sometime marbled Length/width ratio medium

Fruit texture half-soft - dry Main weight of 20 fruits (g) 154

Perianth usually absent Main flesh weight of 20 fruits (g) 129

Flesh texture usually fibrous

SEED

Shape sub-cylindrical - ovate Length medium

Colour beige – brown Width medium

Surface smooth - bumpy Length/width ratio medium

Presence of mucro

or fibrous type no Main weight of 20 seeds (g) 25

Micropyle position at the middle - towards the base Seed/Fruit length ratio high


INFLORESCENCE






Glucose Magnesium

Fructose Iron

Zinc

Passport

Origin and distribution: one of the most widespread variety

in whole locality of Al Jufrah Oasis



Agronomic characteristics: rapid growth of the plant. High

and constant production every year. Good offshoots

capacity. Moderately resistant to pests. Very good offshoot

capacity


Commercial maturity stage: Rutab and Tamar. All the

maturity stages of the fruit can be use.

Harvest period: early and prolonged harvest period from

August to October by selection of dates and removing of

bunches

Fruit and trade characteristics: the best variety to prepare

the past using Tamar stage

Quality ��

Curiosity: A popular old saying claims that hunting dogs run fast because they eat Tagiat dates.

TREE

Trunk shape cylindrical Bunch type erected - oblique

Foliage shape erected Bunch density dense - very dense

Crown shape moderately dense Bunch colour orange - yellow

FRUIT


Apex elongated Presence of fibres medium

Base flat - flat and oblique Flesh to seed adhesion not much

Color dark brown Length medium

Skin appearance blistered - corrugated Width large





SEED


Colour beige - brown Width narrow


Presence of mucro

or fibrous type usually fibrous type Main weight of 20 seeds (g) 27

Micropyle position towards the base Seed/Fruit length ratio high

Ventral furrow shape not prominent Seed/Fruit weight ratio medium

INFLORESCENCE






Glucose Magnesium

Fructose Iron

Zinc

Passport

Origin and distribution: not present in Al Fugha, but a

variety exists in Zellah and also in Sokna, Hun and Waddan



Agronomic characteristics: very adaptable variety under

both dry and irrigated farming. Very good offshoots capacity



Harvest period: October

Fruit and trade characteristics: fresh consumption and for

cake

Quality ��

TREE



Crown shape moderately dense - dense Bunch colour orange

FRUIT



Base flat Flesh to seed adhesion medium


Skin appearance pleated – corrugated Width large

Alteration of skin colour sometimes collar Length/width ratio medium




SEED



Surface smooth - bumpy Length/width ratio medium

Presence of mucro

or fibrous type

both –sometime only

mucro Main weight of 20 seeds (g) 23

Micropyle position towards the apex Seed/Fruit length ratio medium


INFLORESCENCE






Glucose Magnesium

Fructose Iron

Zinc

Passport

Origin and distribution: rare variety exists in Sokna, Hun

and Waddan. it’s not present in Al Fugha



Agronomic characteristics: the best variety to obtain the

fibre for the rope and daily fruit consumption.

Good offshoots capacity


Commercial maturity stage: Rutab

Harvest period: from August to September by selection of

dates

Fruit and trade characteristics: daily consumption

Quality ��

TREE


Foliage shape erected Bunch density dense – very dense

Crown shape moderately dense - loose Bunch colour orange - yellow

FRUIT



Base flat – flat and oblique Flesh to seed adhesion medium


Skin appearance pleated - corrugated Width large



Perianth prominent (usually

present) Main flesh weight of 20 fruits (g)

159


SEED




Presence of mucro

or fibrous type usually no Main weight of 20 seeds (g) 26

Micropyle position towards the base - middle Seed/Fruit length ratio medium


INFLORESCENCE






Glucose Magnesium

Fructose Iron

Zinc

Al Jufrah Libyan dates Pomological Cards

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Transcript of Al Jufrah Libyan dates Pomological Cards