AIRCRAFT RECOGNITION PROFICIENCY

Australian Air Force Cadets

Cadet / Instructor Notes

Rewrite Edition, 1st April 2007

AIRCRAFT RECOGNITION (ARP) 12 Periods

Serial Title and Objectives Periods No ARP 1 Revision 1 Revise ARB 1 ARP 2 Aircraft Designations and National Registrations 2 a. Analyse the U.S. Military system of designating Aircraft. b. State the national civil registration prefixes of the following countries: (1) Australia (VH) (6) Japan (JA) (2) USA (N) (7) Philippines (RP) (3) UK (G) (8) Indonesia (PK) (4) PNG (P2) (9) New Zealand (NZ) (5) Germany ARP 3 National Markings 1 a. Describe the national military markings of the following countries: (1) France (5) Canada (2) Germany (6) China (3) Italy (7) India (4) Japan (8) Pakistan ARP 4 Aircraft Identification 3 a. Identify, using WETFUS, a minimum of 15 aircraft contained in the Proficiency List (Annex A to the ARP syllabus). At least three (3) aircraft from Europe and three (3) aircraft from the USA are to be included. b. Discuss in detail the roles of the aircraft selected from ARP 4a. ARP 5 Historical Commercial Aircraft 1 Identify the significant types of historical commercial aircraft used since the end of WW II: a. Comet b. Constellation / Super Constellation c. DC - 3 d. Concorde e. Boeing B707 ARP 6 Regional Air Forces 1 Identify the most significant aircraft types, and their roles, of the regional air forces located within Australia’s geographical area. a. Indonesia b. New Zealand c. Singapore d. Malaysia e. India f. Vietnam g. Pakistan

ARP 7 Historical Military Aircraft 1 Identify the following historical military aircraft and their roles in the RAAF and/major air battles

1. Spitfire 2. Lancaster 3. P-51 Mustang 4. B-17 Flying Fortress 5. F-86/CA-21 Sabre

ARP 8 Examination 1 ARP 9 Examination Review 1

ANNEX A TO ARP SYLLABUS

AIRCRAFT RECOGNITION PROFICIENCY (ARP)

PROFICIENCY LIST

Aircraft

Note: A minimum of 15 aircraft are to be used, of which at least three (3) aircraft must be from Europe and three (3) aircraft from the USA

Historical Aircraft Contemporary Aircraft Hurricane British Aerospace Hawk 100 Spitfire Sikorsky S-76B Spirit Kittyhawk An-124 Condor Liberator An-225 Myria Lancaster Aero Commander Beaufighter C-5 Galaxy Neptune Cessna 310 MiG-15 Cessna 172 P-51 Mustang DC-10/KC-10 F-86/CA-21 Sabre Sukhoi Su-27 Flanker Me 109 Piper PA-28 Cherokee B-17 Flying Fortress DHC-6 Twin Otter B-25 Mitchell MIG-29 Fulcrum B-29 Super Fortress ATR 42 B-47 Strato Fortress Panavia Tornado B-52 Daulphin 2 Meteor Bell 212/414 Vampire Cessna model 560 Citation Zero Embraer EMB-110 Banderante Boomerang Piper Chieftain/ Navajo Wirraway Dornier Do228 Lincoln Shenang F-5 ILyushin II-76 Candid Mil-8 Hip

Su-25 Frogfoot F-16 Fighting Falcon

S-3A Viking

AIRCRAFT RECOGNITION PROFICIENCY (ARP) ARP 1 - REVISION

1 PERIOD

AIRCRAFT RECOGNITION FEATURES

1001. This Chapter revises the lessons learnt in ARB 1.

1002. The material included in this chapter is identical to ARB 1 and consideration should be given to use of the cadet notes provided in ARB for revision and reference purposes.

AIRCRAFT RECOGNITION PROFICIENCY (ARP) ARP 2 - AIRCRAFT DESIGNATIONS & NATIONAL REGISTRATI ONS

2 PERIODS

Objectives

2001.

a. Analyse the US Military system of designating Aircraft.

b. State the national civil registration prefixes of the following countries:

(1) Australia (6) Japan

(2) USA (7) Philippines

(3) UK (8) Indonesia

(4) PNG (9) New Zealand

(5) Germany

General

2002. Aircraft registrations and designations are important for detailed aircraft recognition as many of the special features (covered in ARP 1) will vary with the mark/model and possibly the operator of the aircraft to be identified.

2003. Aircraft designation is particularly useful in aircraft recognition. It will help identify the aircraft’s role and sometimes the origin of manufacture, therefore limiting the possible number of aircraft operators.

2004. Aircraft designations and national registrations vary from country to country. In this chapter we analyse the aircraft designations of world’s major powers, and registrations from aircraft which regularly visit Australian airports.

United States Military System of Aircraft Designation

2005. The United States is by far the largest designer and producer of modern military and commercial aircraft. Many of these are used by foreign Air Forces because the cost of small-scale design and production is prohibitive for economies the size of Australia’s, for example. Hence the Royal Australian Air Force is made up of largely U.S. designed aircraft.

2006. Aircraft manufactured in the U.S. normally maintain their U.S. designations.

Models produced for export sometimes carry a different model number or letter for example the F-111C and G both operated by Australia only.

2007. The U.S. Military use a series of alphabetical characters as type designations and role prefixes. These military codes are generally independent of the manufacturer’s designation or common name ie. EAGLE, HORNET etc.

2008. U.S. type designations consist of a single alphabetical character and identify the utilisation of the aircraft. For example the code F indicates that the aircraft is a fighter.

2009. To further identify individual types, a numeric code is allocated for example in fighter aircraft:

F-14 Grumman Tomcat

F-16 General Dynamics Fighting Falcon

F-15 McDonnell Douglas Eagle

F-18 McDonnell Douglas Hornet

and in trainer aircraft:

T-34 TurboMentor

T-45 McDonnell Douglas Goshawk

2010. U.S. Military role designations also consist of a single alphabetical code and are used in conjunction with the type designation, eg. Grumman EA-6B Prowler: ‘E’ identifies the aircraft as an Electronic Warfare derivative of the A-6 Intruder. ‘A’ identifies attack aircraft and ‘B’ identifies the model ie. The second model of the type produced (the use of overheads from ARB is advised), and Boeing (707) CV-135 is a Staff Transport aircraft operated by the U.S.A.F. and is a derivative of the C-135 series of transport aircraft. ‘C’ identifies the aircraft as a U.S. military transport aircraft and ‘V’ as a staff transport.

2011. At this point the instructor may wish to set an assignment or progress exam in which cadets undertaking this course can locate and identify various U.S. military types which show examples of the U.S. system of aircraft designation.

2012. A table of U.S. Military type designations and role prefixes are included as Annex A to this chapter and should be copied and provided to cadets for future reference after any progress exams or assignments.

U.S. MILITARY AIRCRAFT DESIGNATIONS

U.S. TYPE DESIGNATIONS: With example

A Tactical Support or Attack (Fairchild Republic A-10 Warthog)

B Bomber (Boeing B-2 Lancer)

C Transport (Lockheed C-130 Hercules)

E Electronic Aircraft (E-3 AWACS)

F Fighter (McDonnell Douglas F-18 Hornet)

H Helicopter (Bell AH-1 Apache)

O Observation (Cessna O-1E Birddog)

P Patrol (Lockheed P-3C Orion)

S Anti-submarine (Lockheed S-3A Viking)

T Trainer (Grumman T-45 Goshawk)

U Utility (U-17)

V V-STOL (V-22)

X Experimental (X-29)

U.S. ROLE PREFIXES:

D Drone director

E Electronic equipment

H Search and rescue

K Tanker

L Cold weather operations

M Permanently modified

N Assigned special tests

Q Drone

R Reconnaissance

V Staff transport

W Weather reconnaissance

Y Service test

Z Project

U.K. MILITARY AIRCRAFT DESIGNATIONS

AEW Airborne Early Warming

B Bomber

C Transport

F Fighter

FGA Fighter Ground Attack

GA Fighter Ground Attack

GR Ground Attack Reconnaissance

HAR Helicopter Air Rescue

HAS Helicopter Anti-submarine

HC Helicopter, Cargo

HCC Helicopter, Transport and Communications

HT Helicopter, Training

HU Helicopter, Utility

K Tanker

MR Maritime Reconnaissance

R Reconnaissance

PR Photographic Reconnaissance

S State

T Trainer

NATIONAL CIVIL REGISTRATION PREFIXES

2013. Aircraft registrations in addition to the use of WETFUS covered in ARP 1 of this course can provide clues to the identification of unknown aircraft.

2014. Knowledge of the differing registration prefix’s used by different countries can help narrow down the possible type of the aircraft. Once the country operating the aircraft is known, research into aircraft operated by that country will soon provide the aircraft type.

2015. The following list of registrations and prefixes are the most prevalent at our major international airports:

Australia VH - followed by 3 alphabetical characters

USA N - followed by alpha and numeric characters

UK G - followed by 4 alphabetical characters

PNG P2 - followed by 3 alphabetical characters

Germany D - followed by 4 alphabetical characters

Japan JA - followed by 4 alphabetical characters

Philippines RP - followed by 4 alphabetical characters

Indonesia PK - followed by 3 alphabetical characters

New Zealand NZ - followed by 3 alphabetical characters

APPENDIX A CIVIL AIRCRAFT REGISTRATION PREFIXES

1 AFGHANISTAN YA 60 GUATEMALA TG 2 ALBANIA ZA 61 GUINE-BISSAU J5 3 ALGERIA 7T 62 GUINEA 3X 4 ANGOLA D2 63 GUYANA 8R 5 ANTIGUA/BARBUDA VP-LAA 64 HAITI HH 6 ANTILLES PJ 65 HONDURAS HR 7 ARGENTINA LO 66 HONG KONG VR-H 8 AUSTRALIA VH 67 HUNGRY HA 9 AUSTRIA OE 68 ICELAND TF 10 BAHAMAS C6 69 INDIA VT 11 BANGLADESH S2 70 INDONESIA PK 12 BARBADOS 6P 71 IRAN EP 13 BELGIUM OO 72 IRAQ YI 14 BELIZE VP-H 73 ISRAEL 4X 15 BENIN TY 74 ITALY I 16 BERMUDA VR-B 75 IVORY COAST TU 17 BOLIVIA CP 76 JAMAICA 6Y 18 BOPUTHATSWANA ZS 77 JAPAN JA 19 BOTSWANA A2 78 JORDAN JY 20 BRAZIL PP-PT 79 KAMPUCHEA XU 21 BRUNEI VR-U 80 KENYA 5Y 22 BULGARIA LZ 81 KIRIBATI T3 23 BURMA XY XZ 82 KOREA HL 24 BURUNDI 9U 83 KOREA (DPR) P 25 CAMEROON TJ 84 KUWAIT 9K 26 CANADA C 85 LAOS RDPL 27 CAPE VERDE REPUBLIC CR-C 86 LEBANON OD 28 CAYMAN ISLANDS VR-C 87 LESOTHO 7P 29 CENTRAL AFRICAN REP TL 88 LIBERIA EL 30 CHAD TT 89 LIBYA 5A 31 CHILE CC 90 LICHTENSTEIN HB 32 CHINA B 91 LUXEMBOURG LX 33 COLOMBIA 92 MADAGASGAR 5R 34 COMORO D6 93 MALAWI 7Q-Y 35 CONGO TN 94 MALAYSIA 9M 36 COSTA RICA TI 95 MALDIVES 8Q 37 CUBA CU 96 MALI TZ 38 CYPRUS 5B 97 MALTA 9H 39 CZECHOSLOVAKIA OK 98 MAURITANIA 5T 40 DENMARK OY 99 MAURITIUS 3B 41 DJIBOUTI J2 100 MEXICO XA XB XC 42 DOMINICANREPUBLIC HI 101 MONACO SA 43 ECUADOR HC 102 MONGOLIA (6HMAY) 44 EGYPT SU 103 MONGOLIA (MONGOL) 45 EIRE EI 104 MONTSERRAT VP-LMA 46 EL SALVADOR YS 105 MOROCCO CN 47 EQUATORIAL GUINEA 3C 106 MOZAMBIQUE C9 48 ETHIOPIA ET 107 NAMIBIA ZS

49 FALKLAND ISLANDS VP-F 108 NAURU C2 50 FIJI DO 109 NEPAL 9N 51 FINLAND OH 110 NETHERLANDS PH 52 FRANCE F 111 NEW ZEALAND ZK ZL ZM 53 GABON TR 112 NICARAGUA YN 54 GERMANY (DR) DM 113 NIGER 5U 55 GERMANY (FDR) D 114 NIGERIA 5N 56 GHANA 9G 115 NORWAY LN 57 GIBRALTAR VR-G 116 OMAN A40 58 GREECE SX 117 PAKISTAN AP 59 GRENADA VQ-G 118 PANAMA HP 119 PAPUA NEW GUINEA P2 120 PARAGUAY ZP 121 PERU OB 122 PHILIPPINES RP 123 POLAND SP 124 PORTUGAL CR 125 QATAR A7 126 ROMANIA YR 127 RWANDA 9XR 128 SAO TOME AND PRINCICPE S9 129 SAUDI ARABIA HZ 130 SENEGAL 6V 6W 131 SEYCHELLES S7 132 SIERRA LEONE 9L 133 SINGAPORE 9V 134 SOLOMAN ISLANDS H4 135 SOMALIA 6O 136 SOUTH AFRICA ZS ZT ZU 137 SPAIN EC 138 SRI LANKA 4R 139 ST HELENA VQ-H 140 ST KITT/NEVIS/ANGUILLA VP-LKA

TO LLZ 141 ST LUCIA J6 142 ST LUCIA VQ-L 143 ST VINCENT/GERANDINES VP-V 144 SUDAN ST 145 SURIMAN PZ 146 SWAILAND 3D 147 SWEDEN 148 SWITZERLAND HB 149 SYRIA YK 150 TANZANIA 5H 151 THAILAND HS 152 THE GAMBIA C5 153 TOGO 5V 154 TRANSKEI ZS 155 TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO 9Y 156 TUNISIA TS 157 TURKEY TC 158 TURKS/CAICOS ISLANDS VQ-T 159 U.K. COLONIES VP VQ VR 160 UGANDA 5X 161 UNITED ARAB EMIRATES A6 162 UNITED KINGDON G 163 UPPER VOLTA XT 164 URAGUAY CX 165 USA N 166 USSR CCCP 167 VANUATA (F) 168 VENEZUELA YV 169 VIETNAM (VN) 170 VIETNAM XV 171 VIRGIN ISLANDS VP-LVA 172 WESTERN SAMOA 5W TO LZZ 173 YEMEN 4W 174 YEMEN (DPR) 7O 175 YUGOSLAVIA YU 176 ZAIRE 9O 177 ZAMBIA 9J 178 ZIMBABWE VP-W VP-Y

AIRCRAFT RECOGNITION PROFICIENCY (ARP) ARP 3 - NATIONAL MARKINGS

1 PERIOD

Objectives

3001. (a) Describe the national military markings of the following countries:

(1) France (5) Canada

(2) Germany (6) China

(3) Italy (7) India

(4) Japan (8) Pakistan

General

3002. National markings like registrations on civil aircraft can provide an avenue for recognition of a particular aircraft type.

3003. Once the marking has been identified, research into the inventory of that nation’s Air Force aircraft may lead to the identification of the aircraft in question.

France

3004. These consist of roundels on the fuselage and wings, fin flashes on the vertical tail surfaces and identification numbers on either the fuselage or tail. France, unlike most countries, has not adopted low visibility roundels and fin flashes. In the case of the French Navy a similar roundel is displayed with an anchor depicted in the centre.

Germany

3005. The German national marking is displayed on each side of the fuselage and on top and beneath the wings. This varies on some types dependent on the nature of the camouflage applied. Aircraft serial numbers and squadron codes are located on either side of the fuselage marking. The first two numbers denote the squadron the aircraft belongs to, ie. 35 SQN would read 35 and the two numbers appearing after the insignia indicate the individual aircraft’s number within that squadron.

Italy

3006. Italian Air Force markings consist of roundels located on each side of the fuselage and above and below the wings. Aircraft serial numbers and squadron identification numbers follow a similar system to that of the German Air Force described above. The Italian navy’s aircraft carry similar markings but, like the French, an anchor is placed in the roundel.

Japan

3007. The Japanese Air Self Defence Force aircraft have national insignia comprising of a large solid red circle with a thin white outline adorning the fuselage and repeated above and below the wings. The solid red circle represents the rising sun which is similar to the country’s national flag. Individual aircraft identification numbers and squadron numbers are located normally on the side of the fuselage or vertical tail surface. Japan, like France, does not apply low visibility markings to its aircraft.

Canada

3008. The Canadian Air Force markings are very similar in location to that of their U.S. military counterparts. Both high and low visibility roundels are featured as a medium thickness circle with the national symbol, a maple leaf, located in the centre. Aircraft and squadron identification numbers are located on either the fuselage or the vertical tail surfaces. Canadian transport and VIP aircraft often have the words Canadian Armed Forces painted down both sides of the fuselage in either red or a low visibility grey or black, depending on the camouflage applied to the aircraft.

Peoples’ Republic of China

3009. China’s Air Force markings are a derivative of their national flag. The markings are a yellow outlined red star with two, again yellow-outlined red rectangular bars similar to those seen on U.S. military aircraft. The majority of squadron codes and individual aircraft identification numbers are applied to both sides of the fuselage in varying positions depending on the aircraft type and also on the vertical tail surfaces.

India

3010. India as a member of the Commonwealth has had many British influences. The Indian Air Force National markings are similar to those applied to British military aircraft, only different colours are used to match their national flag. Roundels feature on both sides of the fuselage and above and below the wings. Fin flashes of dark green, white and red appear on the vertical tail surfaces of most aircraft, together with squadron and aircraft identification numbers. 024 MIG 21.

Pakistan

3011.

AIRCRAFT RECOGNITION PROFICIENCY (ARP) ARP 4 - AIRCRAFT IDENTIFICATION

3 PERIODS

Objectives:

4001. a. Identify, using WETFUS, a minimum of 15 aircraft contained in the Proficiency List (Annex A of the ARP syllabus). At least three aircraft should be from Europe and three aircraft from the United States of America should be included.

b. Discuss in detail the roles of the aircraft selected from ARP 4a.

• British Aerospace Sea Harrier

• British Aerospace Hawk 100

• Sukhoi SU-27 Flanker

• Aerospatial AS365 Dauphin

• Piper PA-28 Cherokee

• Embraer EMB-110 Banderante

• DeHavilland DHC-6 Twin Otter

• Cessna C172

• Grumman E-2C Hawkeye

• Sikorsky S-76B Spirit

• General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon

• Piper PA-31 Chieftain/ Navajo

• Cessna Citation

• MiG-29 Fulcrum

• Panavia Tornado

• Ilyushin IL-76 Candid

British Aerospace Sea Harrier ORIGIN: United Kingdom ROLE: Shipboard V/STOL Multi Role Fighter CREW: 1 Pilot STATUS: The first harrier made its maiden flight on 20th August 1978. Major

changes came from the RAF by raising the cockpit for better vision, better electronics and radar. The Royal Navy used this fine aircraft in the 1980’s while defending the Falkland Islands against Argentina. The Harrier proved in worth against the French Mirage, and US built A-4 Skyhawk

WETFUS: W: High swept wings and tailplane with significant anhedral.

E: Engine air intakes either side of the forward fuselage with two swivel exhaust nozzles either side of the middle fuselage. T: Vertical stabilizer is swept with curved stepped fuselage Horizontal stabilizer is swept and high mounted with negative dihedral (anhedral). F: Lobe shape with pointed nose. Tail boom extends from the rear. Single ventral fin rear of fuselage. U: Retractable bicycle with smaller wingtip outrigger wheel. S: Vertical Take off and Landings

British Aerospace Hawk 100 ORIGIN: United Kingdom ROLE: Two seat basic and advanced jet trainer with capability for close

support and air intercept missions. CREW: 1 Student Pilot and 1 Flying Instructor STATUS: The Hawk made its maiden flight on 21 August 1974 and replaced the

Gnat, Jet provost in RAF service. The hawk is the current mount of the Red Arrows aerobatic team. Hawk trainers also serve with the Air force of Indonesia, Finland, Kenya, Malaysia and Saudi Arabia. A version suitable for operations from aircraft carrier serves with the United States Navy. Single Strike versions are available. The Hawk was chosen as the replacement for the aging MB-326H Macchi Lead-in Fast Jet trainer.

WETFUS: W: Swept, Low mounted with low aspect ratio wings, curved tips.

E: One turbofan inside body with small intakes either side fuselage. T: Fin is swept with short curved fairing and high anhedral. F: Cigar shaped with pointed nose and tapers to the rear. U: Retractable tricycle. S: Large, two piece sloping cockpit canopy

Sukhoi SU-27 Flanker ORIGIN: Russia ROLE: Interceptor Fighter. CREW: 1 Pilot STATUS: First flown in prototype form on 20th May 1977. The SU-27 is

available in single and two seat configurations and is capable of operating from either land or an aircraft carrier. The SU-27 is in front line service with the Air Force of the Commonwealth of Independent States. The SU-27 has also been developed as a carrier borne fighter with another new ground attack version.

WETFUS: W: Swept wing with smooth leading edge root extensions

E: Two turbofan with square intakes under fuselage just forward of leading edge T: Swept tailplane with tips, Twin swept fin. F: Circular section fuselage sloping sharply aft of canopy. U: Retractable tricycle undercarriage. S: Cockpit high set behind large drooped nose.

Aerospatiale AS 365 Dauphin ORIGIN: France ROLE: General Purpose Helicopter CREW: 1-2 crew and max 11 passengers STATUS: First flown 24th January 1975 the Dauphin was planned as a

replacement for the widely used Alouette series of helicopters. Available with retractable tricycle or fixed undercarriage, the Dauphin is employed in the anti-shipping, search and rescue, Air Ambulance and battlefield support duties. 90 examples serve with the US Coast Guard and anti shipping versions are used by the Saudi Arabia. A number have been used in Australia notably by the Victorian Police Air Wing and Ambulance.

WETFUS: R: Four main rotor blades

E: Two turboshafts. T: tail rotor within the swept fin/ stabilizing fins either side of rear boom. F: Tadpole shaped fuselage. U: Retractable tricycle. S: Extensive glazing of cockpit area.

Piper PA-28 Cherokee ORIGIN: U.S.A ROLE: 2-4 seat training/ touring aircraft CREW: 1student pilot and 1 flying instructor or 1 pilot and up to 3 passengers. STATUS: The Cherokee Series began life as a four seater with 150 or 160hp.

Subsequent development included an up-rated engine and retractable undercarriage versions. The Cherokee and its variations such as the Warrior are used extensively with Aero Clubs and Flying Schools. Throughout the Cherokee’s life a number of refinements have been made with the most notable being tapered wings for greater speed.

WETFUS: W: Low square wing (tapered on later models).

E: Single engine mounted forward of cockpit. T: Straight edge tailplane mounted centre of tapered fuselage. F: Swept fin with all moving stabiliser. U: Fixed/Retractable tricycle. S: Exit door on right hand side of fuselage.

Embraer EMB-110 Banderante ORIGIN: Brazil ROLE: Commuter Airline CREW: 2 crew and 16 passengers STATUS: First flown 26th October 1968 the Banderante serves with commuter

airlines around the world as well as many air forces. A number of military versions are available fulfilling such tasks as maritime patrol, geophysical survey and radio calibration duties. Banderante is a popular regional airliner throughout Australia with user including Aus Air and Qantas.

WETFUS: W: Low mounted square wings

E: Two turboprop engines mounted forward leading edge. T: Swept tail surface. F: Long cigar shaped fuselage with large central fin at rear. U: Retractable tricycle. S:

De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter ORIGIN: Canada ROLE: Light utility transport & Regional Airline CREW: 2-3 crew and 20 passengers STATUS: First flown 20th May 1957 and aimed at the third level airline market it

was sold as a landplane, floatplane or on ski’s providing itself a very versatile aeroplane in all environments. By the end of 1986, 826 twin otters had been manufactured. The twin otter has been in service in Australia with Australian Airlines, Ansett and now with Qantas and Aero Pelican which is based in New South Wales.

WETFUS: W: High mounted, strut based square wings

E: Two turboprop engines mounted in leading edge. T: Mid mounted tailplane on square swept fine of wings. F: Long square fuselage with forward mounted canopy U: Fixed tricycle undercarriage mounted on fuselage. S:

Cessna 172 Skyhawk ORIGIN: United States of America ROLE: 4 seat training and touring aircraft CREW: 1 Student Pilot and 1 Flying Instructor or 1 Pilot and 3 passengers STATUS: The Cessna 172 series first flew in 1956 and since then in excess of

36,000 aircraft of this type have been built, making it the top selling aircraft in the world. Performance improvements have been made throughout the life of this aircraft. Original aircraft had straight vertical tail surfaces and high back fuselage. Later versions included swept tail surface and cut down rear fuselage with window to facilitate rear vision.

WETFUS: W: High straight wing with inboard leading and trailing edges. E: Single engines mounted in nose of fuselage. T: Straight or swept fin and low mounted tailplane. F: Lobe shape with blunt nose. U: Tricycle fixed undercarriage, often with speed fairing. S:

Grumman E-2C Hawkeye ORIGIN: United States of America ROLE: Airborne early warning, surface surveillance & strike control aircraft. CREW: 2 crew and 3 airborne tactical data systems operators. STATUS: First flown 20th January 1971 it replaced the modified Grumman

Tracker in the US Navy service. The Hawkeye is also in service with Japan, Israel, Singapore and Saudi Arabia.

WETFUS: W: High aspect ratio tapered wings

E: Two turboprop engines mounted in nacelles under the wing. T: Multiple (4) vertical fins and straight dihedral tailplane. F: Long cylindrical shaped fuselage with high forward cockpit. U: Tricycle undercarriage with wheels retracting in to engine nacelles. S: Rotating disk-shape radome mounted on rear fuselage.

Aerospatiale AS 365 Dauphin ORIGIN: U.S.A ROLE: General Purpose Helicopter CREW: 1-2 crew and up to 12 passengers STATUS: First flown 22nd June 1984, and is derived from the S-76A-MkII. The

more basic version is the S-76 Utility, and the H-76 Eagle is a military version for use as transport, gunship/assault, combat SAR, Observation.

WETFUS: R: Four main rotor blades

E: Two turboshafts mounted in fuselage. T: Vertical Stabiliser is swept. Horizontal is tapered and mid mounted on rear of fuselage F: Tapered to tail and has large rotor pylon. U: Retractable tricycle. S:

General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon ORIGIN: U.S.A ROLE: Single seat multi- role fighter (F-16A) and two seat operational trainer

(F-16B) CREW: 1 Pilot (F-16A) or 1 Student Pilot and Instructor (F-16B) STATUS: First flown 20th of January 1974 The F16 serves with a variety of air

arms this includes the USA, Belgium, Denmark and other European and Asian countries .

WETFUS: W: Tapered Straight, mid mounted with square tips. Chine fairings extended forward to the cockpit.

E: Single turbofan mounted in fuselage with intake under forward fuselage. T: Vertical Stabilizer is swept with angular fairing. Horizontal Stabilizer with negative dihedral and mid mounted on the fuselage. Two ventral fins on rear fuselage F: Cigar shaped with pointed nose. Cockpit well forward of wing. U: Retractable tricycle. S: Missile rail mounted on wing tips.

Piper Navajo/ Chieftain ORIGIN: USA ROLE: Business, Executive & Commuter Airline CREW: 1 Pilot and 7-9 passengers STATUS: First flown 30th September 1964 The Navajo/Chieftain series have

achieved world wide popularity with commuter airlines and charter operators. The Navajo accommodates pilot and seven passengers while the Chieftain incorporates a fuselage stretch to allow 2 additional passengers to be accommodated. The Navajo series is in extensive use throughout Australia with third level airline

WETFUS: W: Tapered wing

E: Two piston engines mounted in leading edge of wing. T: Swept tail surface. Low set. F: Cigar shaped fuselage. U: Retracted tricycle undercarriage. S: Long nose for storage.

Cessna model 560 Citation 5 ORIGIN: U.S.A ROLE: Business and Executive jet CREW: 1-2 crew and 6 to 10 passengers STATUS: Following its introduction in 1971 the Citation has proved to be a very

popular form of executive transport. The Citation is available in a number of versions which will be dependant on the number of passengers which need to be carried. The Citation has been adapted for military use.

WETFUS: W: Low set, high aspect ratio wing with leading edge swept back and dihedral.

E: Two turbofan engines mounted either side of the sides of the fuselage rear of trailing edge. T: Swept tail surfaces with dihedral on tail. F: Long circular fuselage. U: Retractable tricycle undercarriage. S:

MiG 29 FULCRUM ORIGIN: USSR ROLE: Multi role Fighter CREW: 1 Pilot MiG 29A -2 crew, 1 Student and 1 instructor MiG29B STATUS: First prototypes were flown on the 1977 and the first production model

went into service in 1983. The MiG 29 was supplied to India, Iraq, Syria, Yugoslavia and North Korea. East Germany was the first WarPac recipient.

WETFUS: W: Swept, low mounted with elliptical tips. Chine fairing from forward canopy to the wings leading edge.

E: Two turbofan engines mounted under wings with wedge intakes. T: Twin vertical stabilizers are tapered – tapered with a stepped angular fairing extending over wings as a fence and mounted on fuselage and extends well beyond the exhaust. F: Lobe shaped with pointed nose. U: Retractable tricycle undercarriage. S: Leading edge slats

TORNADO FMK3 (Panavia) ORIGIN: U.K ROLE: Tandem two-seat air defence fighter CREW: 2 crew STATUS: First prototype flown on 27th October 1979 and first production model

flown on 5th March 1984. Aircraft also supplied to Saudi Arabia, and Oman. This aircraft is the definitive air defence version for the RAF of the multi-national (UK, Italy and West Germany) interdictor strike aircraft.

WETFUS: W: Low set, high aspect ratio wing with leading edge swept back and dihedral.

E: Two turbofan engines mounted either side of the sides of the fuselage rear of trailing edge. T: Swept tail surfaces with dihedral on tail. F: Long circular fuselage. U: Retractable tricycle undercarriage. S:

ILYUSHIN IL-76 (CANDID) ORIGIN: USSR ROLE: Heavy duty transport and troop carrier CREW: 7 crew and 6 to 10 passengers STATUS: First prototype flew on the 25th March 1971. Production for Aeroflot

and SovAF started in 1974. Military versions delivered to Czechoslovakia, India, Iraq and Poland. Has been modified to become and air to air refuelling tanker.

WETFUS: W: High mounted, variable, swept back and tapered with blunt tips. E: Four turbofan engines mounted on pylons under wing extending forward of trailing edge. T: Swept T-tail surfaces. F: Long circular fuselage tapered towards the rear. U: Retractable tricycle undercarriage with tandem main wheels. S: Glass Nose, Clam rear doors.

AIRCRAFT RECOGNITION PROFICIENCY (ARP) ARP 5 - HISTORICAL COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT

1 PERIOD

Objectives

5001. Identify the significant types of historical commercial aircraft used since the end of WW II:

a. Comet

b. Constellation / Super Constellation

c. DC-3

d. Concorde

e. Boeing B707

General

5002. The extreme distances of our island nation mean that air travel is the most economical means to travel within or around it. Australian cities have developed close to the surrounding oceans and natural deep water seaports such as Sydney and Perth and much of our population is located in these areas.

5003. However, most of our natural resources which have and continue to make up a large proportion of our economy are located in the arid and somewhat inhospitable parts of our country.

5004. Examples of where aircraft have played a major role in our development are literally endless. From the Royal Flying Doctor Service to Airborne cattle mustering on stations to our north, to the transport of workers and supplies to mineral deposits such as the Nifty Copper mine in Western Australia.

DEHAVILLAND COMET ORIGIN: United Kingdom ROLE: Commercial Airliner SPEED: 788 kmh (490 mph) RANGE: 2186 km (1750 miles) ACCOMMODATIONS: up to 101 passengers HISTORY: The Comet was the world’s first jet-airliner making its maiden flight, on 27th July 1954. The Comet suffered from severe structural problems early in its life, with a number breaking up in flight, resulting in the type being withdrawn from service. Unfortunately the Comet never recovered from its earlier problems giving American manufacturer Boeing an opportunity to catch up in airliner development with the release of its B707. Nonetheless development continued with larger more powerful models produced serving with BOAC, East African Airways, Olympic Airways and the RAF. The Comet not to be out done became the basis of the successful Nimrod Maritime reconnaissance aircraft still in frontline service with the RAF. CHARACTERISTICS: Low wing swept monoplane with the engines mounted in the wing root. Long circular fuselage with conventional fin and rudder low set dihedral tailplane. Fuel tanks mounted in pods on leading edge of outer wing in later models.

LOCKHEED CONSTELLATION / SUPER CONSTELLATION ORIGIN: USA ROLE: Transcontinental Airliner SPEED: 607 km/h (377mph) SPAN: 45.72m (150ft) SERVICE CEILING: LENGTH: 35.41m (116ft) RANGE: 8690km (5400miles) WEIGHT: 70760kg (156000lb) RATE OF CLIMB: ENGINE: Four Wright R-3350 Turbo compound radials of 3400 hp each. ACCOMMODATION: Up to 95 passengers. STATUS: The prototype first flew in January 1943 which was intended for military service. In airline use the Constellation was improved steadily through a series of variants. The basic Constellation was stretched as the Super Constellation and included more powerful engines. Constellations and Super Constellations served with Qantas as international airliners during the 1950’s. CHARACTERISTICS: Long oval shaped fuselage with low set straight wing. Radial engines mounted in leading edge of wing. Tricycle undercarriage with main wheels retracting into engine nacelles. Three fin tailplane with oval shaped vertical tail surfaces.

DOUGLAS DC3/C47 DAKOTA / GOONEY BIRD ORIGIN: USA ROLE: Medium Range Passenger or freight transport SPEED: 274 km/h (170mph) SPAN: 28.96m (95ft) SERVICE CEILING: LENGTH: 19.66m (64ft) RANGE: 2413 km (1500 miles) WEIGHT: 12712kg (28000lb) RATE OF CLIMB: ENGINE: Two Pratt and Whitney R-1830-90c Piston Engines of 1200hp. ACCOMMODATION: 3 crew and up to 36 passengers STATUS: First flown in December 1935 the DC-3 is world renowned as the most significant transport aircraft ever produced. During World War II over 10,000 DC-3s were produced serving in all theatres during this conflict and is still in service with many air arms today including the RAAF. The DC-3 is still in widespread service throughout the world as an airliner and freight aircraft and it was the DC-3 aircraft which first formed the fleets of Australia’s domestic airlines, TAA (now Qantas), Ansett and East West Airlines( now Ansett). There are still a number of DC-3’s operating in Australia with notable examples operated by Qantas and Ansett Australia from Essendon Airport in Victoria. CHARACTERISTICS: Low mounted wings with swept leading edges. Engines mounted in leading edge of wing with tailwheel undercarriage retracting into rear of engine nacelles. Round fuselage shape with conventional tailplane.

CONCORDE ORIGIN: UK/France ROLE: Supersonic Passenger Airliner SPEED: 2179 km/h (1,354mph) SPAN: 22.55m (85 ft) SERVICE CEILING: 60,000 ft LENGTH: 62.10m (203 ft) RANGE: At max weight and at M2.02: 6228km (3,870 miles) T/O WEIGHT: 185066kg (408,000 lb) RATE OF CLIMB: ENGINE: Four Rolls Royce Olympus 593 engines

38,050-Ib Thrust with 17% Afterburners ACCOMMODATION: 3-4 crew and up to 60 passengers STATUS: Designed as the first supersonic jet liner, the Concorde went into production in November1973. By 2005, when production ended a total of 12 Concordes had been produced. The first 2 major European airlines to take delivery were British Airways and Air France. A number of Concordes are still in service around the world in Aviation Museums. CHARACTERISTICS: Low wing Delta monoplane with straight flat wings with tapered leading edges and straight trailing edge. Cigar fuselage with pointy, adjustable nose. Conventional fin assembly. Engines mounted under wings.

BOEING 707 ORIGIN: USA ROLE: Passenger Airliner SPEED: 1010 km/h (550mph) SPAN: 44.42m (145 ft) SERVICE CEILING: LENGTH: 46.61m (153 ft) RANGE: 6317km (3,925 miles) T/O WEIGHT: 150590kg (133,874 lb) RATE OF CLIMB: ENGINE: Four 18,000 lb thrust, Pratt & Whitney JT3D-3B turbofan engines ACCOMMODATION: 9 crew and up to 150 passengers STATUS: Designed specifically for the U.S domestic market, the Boeing 707 went into production in 1957. By 1962, when production ended 162 Electra’s had been produced. Most major airlines to take delivery were Pan Am, TWA and Qantas. A number of 707 are still in service around the world and the type forms the basis of the Boeing E-3 series of AWAC platform. B707-338C series service with the RAAF as a VIP Transport and Air-Air refuelling CHARACTERISTICS: Low wing monoplane with swept dihedral wings. Circular fuselage with radome nose. Conventional fin and tailplane assembly. Engines mounted on pylons at the leading edges of wings.

AIRCRAFT RECOGNITION PROFICIENCY (ARP) ARP 6 - REGIONAL AIR FORCES

1 PERIOD

Objectives

6001. Identify the most significant aircraft types, and their roles, of the regional air forces located within AUSTRALIA’S geographical area.

a. Indonesia

b. New Zealand

c. Singapore

d. Malaysia

e. India

f. China

g. Pakistan

General

6002. Throughout Australia’s geographical area, there are a number of developing nations which can project air power.

INDONESIA

6003. Indonesia is a developing nation which has been steadily improving its air power capability. Indonesia has a fledgling aerospace industry which is encouraged, via government policy, to establish consortiums with other nations. This policy has resulted in outcomes like the Cn-235 twin turbo prop transport jointly produced between CASA of Spain and Indonesia’s, aircraft company IPTN.

6004. Indonesia is pushing ahead with plans to modernise its fleet of aircraft. It has recently introduced into service the General Dynamics F-16 and the British Aerospace Hawk 100/200. The government has also shown interest in purchasing sophisticated AWACs aircraft in order to provide an early warning capability. Types under consideration include the Grumman E-2C Hawkeye and the proposed Boeing E-767 AEW aircraft.

6005 The Indonesian Air Force is responsible for all air combat, transport and training operations for Navy and Army. In addition, it provides close air support for the Army and long range maritime reconnaissance missions for the Navy.

6006. The Air Force is divided into two regions, each comprised of a separate operational and functional support command. The operational commands are known as KOOPSAU I, headquartered in Jakarta and responsible for the western region and KOOPSAU II, headquartered in Ujung Pandong and responsible for the eastern region.

6007. The two functional support commands are Training Command and Material Command.

6008. The Indonesian Air Force has approximately 24,000 personnel and is organised into the following flying units:

2 ground attack squadrons

1 interceptor squadron

2 counter insurgency squadrons

1 maritime recon squadron

4 transport squadrons

3 helicopter squadrons

4 flying training squadrons

6009. Aircraft of the Indonesian Air Force

Fighter/Attack

8 F-16A Fighting Falcons

10 F-5E Tiger II

24 Hawk 100/200

26 McDonnell Douglas A-4E Skyhawk

12 OV-10 Bronco

Reconnaissance

1 Lockheed C-130MP Hercules

1 Shorts Skyvan

Transports

32 CASA CN-235

7 Douglas C-47 Dakota

10 CASA CN- 212 Aviocar

9 Lockheed C-130B Hercules

3 Lockheed C-130H Hercules

7 Lockheed C-130H-30 Hercules

2 Lockheed KC-130B tankers

7 Fokker F-27 400M Troopship

1 Fokker F-28-1000 Fellowship

1 Boeing 707

2 Lockheed Jetstar 6

Maritime Reconnaissance

3 Boeing 737-200 Surveiller

2 Lockheed C-130H-MP Hercules

6 CASA CN-235

Trainers

4 F-16B Fighting Falcon

4 F-5F Tiger II

2 McDonnell Douglas TA-4H Skyhawk

14 British Aerospace Hawk T53

24 Beechcraft T-34C Turbo Mentor

40 AS202 Bravo

Utility/Communications

6 DeHavilland Canada DHC3 Otter

5 Cessna 401

2 Cessna 042

5 Cessna T207

2 Beechcraft F33A Bonanza

12 T-41 Mescalero

6 PZL Wilga

1 Shorts Skyvan 3M

Helicopters

7 Aerospatiale AS 532 Super Puma

13 Aerospatiale SA 330 Puma

3 Aerospatiale SA 316 Alouette III

12 Hughes 500C

2 Bell 204B utility

2 Bell 206 Kiowa

12 Messerschmitt BO105C/CB

1 Sikorsky S-61 Sea King VIP transport

12 Sikorsky S-58T Choctaw

NEW ZEALAND

6010. The Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF) is responsible for all air operations including maritime patrol and close air support to the Army.

6011. New Zealand has a small economy, making the purchase of sophisticated military equipment difficult. Therefore, since 1991, emphasis has been placed on modernising existing aircraft such as its fleet of A-4 Skyhawks. N.Z. has also purchased new combat-capable trainers.

6012. The RNZAF is organised into two groups, Operational and Support.

6013. The Operational Group has its headquarters located at Whenuapai with major operational bases at Auckland, Hobsonville, Ohakea, Woodbourne and Wigram. The Operational Group consists of:

-1 strike wing with two fighter squadrons and one weapons training squadron

-1 maritime wing with one maritime patrol squadron

-1 transport wing with two squadrons and one helicopter transport squadron

-1 flight of anti-submarine warfare helicopters in support of the navy.

6014. The Support Group is based at Auckland with elements at Wellington, and Wigram. The Support Group consists of: -1 training wing and 1 communications flight.

6015. The RNZAF has a total personnel of 3,900 which incorporates 460 ready reserve and 220 Territorial force members.

6016. The RNZAF is organised into the following flying units:

75 SQN 14 McDonnell Douglas A-4K Skyhawk

2 SQN 6 McDonnell Douglas A-4K Skyhawk

14 SQN 18 Aermacchi MB-339C combat trainers

5 SQN 6 Lockheed P-3K Orion

42 SQN 9 British Aerospace Andover

40 SQN 5 Lockheed C-130H Hercules/2 Boeing 727-100

3 SQN 14 Bell UH-1H Iroquois/2 Bell 47GB.

SINGAPORE

6017. The Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF) is responsible for all air operations in addition to ground based air defence.

6018. Singapore is engaged in a major acquisition program with the recent lease and eventual purchase of General Dynamics F-16A fighters and major upgrades to their existing McDonnell Douglas A-4 Skyhawk and Northrop F-5E/F Tiger II aircraft. Under consideration is the purchase of McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet aircraft to fulfil the strike fighter role and the upgrade of existing Grumman E-2C Hawkeye aircraft AEW capability.

6019. In March 1993, a bilateral agreement was reached between Singapore and Australia to establish a pilot training facility at RAAF Pearce in Western Australia alongside No 2 Flying Training School.

6020. The RSAF has 6,000 permanent personnel with a reserve force of 7,500 members.

6021. The Air Force consists of 15 flying squadrons complemented by three surface to air missile battalions and one artillery battalion.

6022. The aircraft of the RSAF are:

Fighter/Attack

2 General Dynamics F-16A Fighting Falcons

70 McDonnell Douglas A-4S/S1 Skyhawk

36 Northrop F-5E Tiger II

28 British Aerospace (Hawker) Hunter

Reconnaissance

6 Northrop RF-5E Tigereye

Surveillance

4 Grumman E-2C Hawkeye

4 Fokker F-50 Enforcer II

Transport

4 Lockheed C-130B Hercules

4 Lockheed C-130H/KC-130 Hercules

2 Lockheed C-130H-30 Hercules

6 Shorts SC7 Skyvan

Helicopters

6 Aerospatiale AS 550E Squirrel

20 Aerospatiale AS 550C-2/U-2 Ecureuil reconnaissance

9 Bell UH-1B Huey

30 Bell UH-1H Huey

4 Bell AB205A/A-1 Huey

5 Aerospatiale AS 532B Super Puma SAR

16 Aerospatiale AS 532M Super Puma

Training

4 General Dynamics F-16B Fighting Falcon

29 S211

26 SF260M/W Warrior

4 British Aerospace (Hawker) T75

16 McDonnell Douglas TA-4S/S1 Skyhawk

7 Northrop F-5F Tiger II

MALAYSIA

6024. As is the case with many developing South East Asian nations, Malaysia is developing its defence force from an organisation designed for counter insurgency operations to a well trained defence force able to project air power.

6025. The Royal Malaysian Air Force (RMAF) is in the process of modernising and training its force of 10 flying squadrons and 12,000 personnel. Malaysia is introducing into service a number of new front line fighter aircraft including the McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet, Mikoyan MiG-29M Fulcrum and British Aerospace Hawk, together with improved weapons systems such as the Sea Eagle anti-ship missile for the Hawk.

6026. In addition to modernisation, the RMAF has signed agreements with Singapore and India on general defence cooperation which has Singapore providing airborne early warning to Malaysia through their E-2C Hawkeye fleet, and India providing support by way of training, support and parts for the introduction into Malaysian service of the MiG-29M Fulcrum.

6027. The RMAF is divided into two Commands consisting of the following squadrons:

1 Air Defence Squadron

1 Maritime Patrol Squadron

4 Transport Squadrons

4 Helicopter Squadrons.

6028. The aircraft of the RMAF are:

Fighter/Attack

8 McDonnell Douglas F/A-18D Hornets

12 Mikoyan MiG-29M Fulcrum

14 Northrop F-5E Tiger II

29 McDonnell Douglas A-4PTM Skyhawk

10 British Aerospace Hawk 100

Reconnaissance

2 Northrop RF-5E Tigereye

Maritime Patrol

3 Lockheed C-130H-MP Hercules

4 Beechcraft B200T Maritime Patrol Super King Air

Transport

6 Lockheed C-130H Hercules

13 DeHavilland Canada DHC4 Caribou

1 Marcel Dassualt Falcon 900 VIP

1 Fokker F-29 Fellowship 1000 VIP

6 Cessna 402B VIP/liaison

Trainers

6 Mikoyan MIG-29UB Fulcrum B

18 British Aerospace Hawk 200

20 Swiss MD3-160

3 Northrop F-5F Tiger II

10 McDonnell Douglas TA-4TM Skyhawk

11 Aermacchi MB-339 Veltro 2

38 Pilatus PC-7 Turbo Trainer

10 Scottish Aviation Bulldog

5 Cessna 402B

Helicopters

34 Sikorsky S-61 Sea King

25 Aerospatiale AS516 Alouette III liaison

7 Bell 47G Trainer

1 Aerospatiale AS332L Super Puma

1 A109C Hirundo.

INDIA

6029. India possesses the second largest Air Force in Asia, behind China, with an active manpower of 110,000 personnel.

6030 The Indian Air Force has undergone an extensive modernisation program with the introduction of new aircraft including the French-produced Mirage 2000 fighter.

6031. The Air Force is organised on a regional basis into four Operational Regional Commands and two Support Commands (Maintenance and Training Commands).

The operational commands consist of 41 flying squadrons.

6032. The four regional commands are as follows:

Central Air Command (HQ Allahabad)

Western Air Command (HQ New Delhi)

Eastern Air Command (HQ Shilling)

Southwestern Air Command (HQ Jodpur)

6033. Ground-based Air Defence is co-ordinated with the Indian Army and maintains 30 surface-to-air missile battalions.

6034. The aircraft of the Indian Air Force are:

Fighter/Attack

43 MIG-29A Fulcrum * on order

65 MIG-27M Flogger

100+ MIG-21MF Fishbed

40+ MIG-21MA Fishbed

50+ MIG-21FL Fishbed

200+ MIG-21bis Fishbed

120 MIG-23MF/BN Flogger

38 Mirage 2000H

98 Jaguar IS/IB

17 Jaguar IM Maritime attack

Bomber

38 Canberra B(I) 58

Reconnaissance

6 MIG-25R Foxbat

Transport

3 Boeing 707-320C

2 Boeing 707-200

20 IL-76MD Candid

113 AN-32 Sutlej

60+ HS-748 Andover

3 C-20 Gulfstream III

2 Learjet 29 (survey)

20 DeHavilland Canada DHC-3 Otter

43 Dornier Do 228

Helicopters

60+ MIL Mi-8 Hip transport

37 MIL Mi-17 Hip transport

12 MIL Mi-24 Hind attack

20 MIL Mi-35 Hind attack

10 MIL Mi-26 Halo heavy lift

6 Aerospatiale AS 565M Dauphin

175+ Aerospatiale SA16 Alouette III Cheetah attack

140+ Aerospatiale SA315 Lama utility

Trainers

4 MIG-29B Fulcrum

2 MIG-25U Foxbat

25+ MIG-21U/UM Fishbed

7 Mirage 2000TH

40+ Hawker Hunter F56

20+ Hawker Hunter T66

8 Canberra PR57

165 Kiran 1

60 Kiran 2110 HPT-32 Deepak

19 Ht-2

38 TS-11 Iskra

PAKISTAN

6035. The Pakistani Air Force is responsible for all air combat and land-based air defence operations. The Pakistani Air Force is relatively large, with approximately 45,000 personnel and 31 flying squadrons.

6036. Tensions between India and Pakistan are well documented and as such modernisation of their modest fleet is important to try and keep pace with India’s extensive modernisation program.

6037. Pakistan has a rudimentary aviation industry which is capable of assembling and maintaining imported aviation hardware while also originating some home-grown designs on a small scale. Several Western nations have provided Pakistan with Military aircraft with China providing a number of copied Soviet designs.

6038. The Pakistani Air Force operates only a limited number of maritime patrol and reconnaissance aircraft and no armed helicopters. Both the Army and Navy maintain air arms for ground attack and submarine warfare.

6039. In 1991, U.S. intelligence agencies formulated the opinion that Pakistan possesses at least one nuclear air-delivered weapon. Most Pakistani Air Force aircraft are capable of delivering the device.

6040. The Pakistani Air Force consists of:

Fighter/Attack

38 General Dynamics F-16A Fighting Falcon

54 A-5 Fantan

80 F-6 (China J-6)

108 F-7 (China J-7)

16 Dassualt Mirage IIIEP

50 Dassault Mirage IIIO

28 Dassault Mirage VPA

30 Dassault Mirage VPA-2

Reconnaissance/Patrol

13 Dassault Mirage IIIRP

4 RT-33A Shooting Star

Transports

4 Boeing 707

12 Lockheed Martin C-130 Hercules

1 Fokker F-27 Friendship

1 Dassault Falcon 20

Utility/Communications

2 Beechcraft B55 Baron

1 Rockwell Commander 680

1 Beechcraft Twin Bonanza

2 Piper Seneca II

4 Cessna 172N

Trainers

5 General Dynamics F-16B Fighting Falcon

20 FR-5 (Former MIG-17 Fresco ex USSR)

6 FT-2 (Former MIG-15 Midget ex USSR)

15 FT-6 (China J-6)

2 Dassault Mirage VDPA

2 Dassault Mirage VDPA-2

10 T-33A Shooting Star

50 Cessna T-37B

79 MFI-17B Mushshak

Helicopters

1 Aerospatiale SA330 Puma VIP

12 Aerospatiale SA316 Alouette III utility

5 Aerospatiale SA315B Lama liaison

4 HH-43B Huskie SAR

CHINA

6041. The Air Force of China has approximately 5,000,000 personnel and 6000+ combat aircraft. They consist of:

Strategic Strike

Xian H-6

Tupolev Du-4 “Bull”

Light Bombers

Harbin H-5

Interceptors

Chengdu/Xian J-7 “Skybolt”

Shenyang J-8 “Finback”

Shenyang J-6

Shenyang J-5

Attack

Nanchang Q-5 “Fantan-A”

Chengdu/Xian J-7 “Skybolt”

Shenyang J-8 “Finback”

Shenyang J-6

Shenyang J-5

Tupolev Du-2 “Bat”

Anti Armour Attack

Aerospatiale SA.342L ”Gazelle

Reconnaissance

Shenyang JZ-6

Shenyang JZ-5

Harbin HZ-5

Transport

BAe Trident IIE

Cessna Citation I

Ilyushin II-18 “Coot”

Shaanxi Y-8

Antonov An-26 “Curl”

IIyushin II-14 “Crate”

Lisunov Li-2 “Crab”

Harbin Y-11

Huabei Y-5

Mil Mi-8 “Hip”

Aerospatiale AS.332 Super Puma

Sikorsky S-70C-II

Harbin Z-5

Communication/ Liaison

Harbin Z-9 “Haitun”

Mil Mi-1 “Hare”

Training

Nanchang CJ-5/6

Shenyang/Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 UTI “Midget”

Shenyang JJ-5

Shenyang JJ-6

Guizhou JJ-7

Harbin HJ-7

AIRCRAFT RECOGNITION PROFICIENCY (ARP) ARP 7 - Historical Military Aircraft

2 PERIODS

Objectives

7001. Identify the significant types of historical military aircraft which are likely to be observed at air displays or museums, and their roles. (Annex A to ARB syllabus can assist).

General

7002. Australia has played a role in almost every theatre of war and as such has a relationship with many of the aircraft with which our aviators served in.

SUPERMARINE SPITFIRE ORIGIN: UK ROLE: Single seat fighter SPEED: 408mph SPAN: 36.10ft SERVICE CEILING: 43000ft LENGTH: 33.3 ft RANGE: 1180 miles WEIGHT: 7767 lbs RATE OF CLIMB: 2850ft/min ENGINE: One Rolls Royce Merlin 63/63A 12-Cylinder Vee liquid cooled engine

of 1710 hp. CREW: 1 Pilot ARMAMENT: 2 x 20mm cannon and 4 x .303 inch machine guns. STATUS: The most famous aircraft of the Battle of Britain, the Spitfire first flew

on the 5th March 1936 and by the end of the war 20,351 aircraft, in 40 different versions, had been produced. The Spitfire was first delivered to the RAAF in August 1942 and 656 Spitfires served with the RAAF in four models. A number of ex RAAF Spitfires have found their way into Australian Aviation Museums. A flying example was restored by Col Pay in Scone, NSW and now lives at Temora Aviation Museum. This aircraft performs at most major air shows around Australia.

CHARACTERISTICS: The Spitfire was one of the first aircraft to have low elliptical wing.

AVRO LANCASTER ORIGIN: UK ROLE: Heavy Bomber, SPEED: 244kt SPAN: 102ft SERVICE CEILING: 20,000ft LENGTH: 69.11 ft RANGE: 1,477kms WEIGHT: 72,700 lbs RATE OF CLIMB: 2850ft/min ENGINE: Four 1,280 hp Rolls Royce Merlin 20, 22 or 24 12-Cylinder Vee liquid

cooled engines CREW: Normal 7 crew members ARMAMENT: 8 x .303 inch machine guns in nose, dorsal and tail turrets. STATUS: The most famous bomber aircraft used in the defence of Britain, A

Lancaster III ED390 ‘Queenie VI’ was delivered to the RAAF in June 1943and was given the serial ofA66-1, in November 1944 the second Lancaster arrived in Australia ‘G for George W7483/A66-2. A number of Lancaster’s can be found in Australian Aviation Museums. G for George can be found in the Australian War Museum in Canberra.

CHARACTERISTICS: The RAAF only had two Lancaster’s but this aircraft came back to

the RAAF as the Lincoln Bomber. Which 73 served with the RAAF from 1946-1961.

NORTH AMERICAN P-51 MUSTANG ORIGIN: USA ROLE: Single seat fighter SPEED: 437mph SPAN: 37ft SERVICE CEILING: 41,900ft LENGTH: 32ft RANGE: 1,700 miles WEIGHT: 11,600 lbs RATE OF CLIMB: 2300ft/min ENGINE: One 1,490 hp Rolls Royce Merlin 66 V-1650 12-Cylinder Vee liquid

cooled engines CREW: 1 Pilot ARMAMENT: 6 x 50cal machine guns and 2000Ibs of bombs/ fuel tanks. STATUS: First flown in 1941 in response to an RAF requirement for a long range

fighter, the Mustang was developed into one of the best single engine fighter aircraft of all times. Licenced produced in Australia from 1945 some 499 Mustangs served with the RAAF. A number of Mustangs can be seen flying in Australian skies today.

CHARACTERISTICS: Tapered laminar flow wing mounted low in oval, Sectioned

fuselage. Sliding bubble canopy, Conventional tailplane. Retractable tailwheel undercarriage. Single piston engine mounted in forward fuselage with exhaust mounted in either side. Radiator air intake below fuselage.

BOEING B-17 FLYING FORTRESS ORIGIN: USA ROLE: Heavy Bomber, SPEED: 244kt SPAN: 102ft SERVICE CEILING: 20,000ft LENGTH: 69.11 ft RANGE: 1,477kms WEIGHT: 72,700 lbs RATE OF CLIMB: 2850ft/min ENGINE: Four 1,200 hp Wright R-1820-87 Cyclone Radial engines CREW: Normal 8/10 crew members ARMAMENT: 11 x .0.5 inch and 1 x0.30 inch machine guns in nose, dorsal and tail

turrets. STATUS: The most famous US bomber aircraft used by many countries in World

War II, The most famous B-17 was the ‘Memphis Belle”. CHARACTERISTICS: Australian crews flew B-17’s for the RAF in England. US\crews

flew B-17s in and from Australia in the fight for the pacific.

NORTH AMERICAN F-86 SABRE/ CAC CA21 SABRE ORIGIN: USA ROLE: Single seat jet fighter SPEED: 437mph SPAN: 37ft SERVICE CEILING: 41,900ft LENGTH: 32ft RANGE: 1,700 miles WEIGHT: 11,600Ibs RATE OF CLIMB: 2300ft/min ENGINE: One 1,490 hp Rolls Royce Merlin 66 V-1650 12-Cylinder Vee liquid

cooled engines CREW: 1 Pilot ARMAMENT: 6 x 50cal machine guns and 2000Ibs of bombs/ fuel tanks. STATUS: First flown in 1941 in response to an RAF requirement for a long range

fighter, the Mustang was developed into one of the best single engine fighter aircraft of all times. Licenced produced in Australia from 1945 some 499 Mustangs served with the RAAF. A number of Mustangs can be seen flying in Australian skies today.

CHARACTERISTICS: Tapered laminar flow wing mounted low in oval, Sectioned

fuselage. Sliding bubble canopy, Conventional tailplane. Retractable tailwheel undercarriage. Single piston engine mounted in forward fuselage with exhaust mounted in either side. Radiator air intake below fuselage.

AIRCRAFT RECOGNITION PROFICIENCY (ARP) ARP 8 – 9 EXAMINATION & REVIEW

2 PERIODS

ARP 8

8001. Examination.

ARP 9

8002. Examination Review.