Aircraft Pollution Monitoring Project

Authors:

Andreea BOSCORNEA

Violeta – Andreea ANASTASE

Sorin – Nicolae VAJAIAC

London, 4th November 2014

National Institute for Aerospace Research “Elie Carafoli” – INCAS Bucharest

• About INCAS

• Aircraft Pollution Project

• Project objectives – what? why? how?

• Available research infrastructure

• Problems

• Conclusions

Content

We are based in RomaniaWe are based in Romania

We are based in RomaniaWe are based in Romania

We are based in Romania

Main Location : Bucharest

Secondary Location : Maneciu, Prahova district

Third Location : Strejnic Airport

Atmospheric Since&

Earth Observation

State owned company/

Public body

Founded in 1949

178 employees (2011)

Leading research

establishment for aerospace

research in Romania

Major activities :

Main design authority and

system integrator in

aeronautics

Aerodynamic design

Structural design and

analysis

Experimental wind tunnel

validation

Global performance

analysis

Atmospheric

investigations

Earth Observation

INCAS Profile :

Some industrial projects from the past …

IAR - 93

IAR - 705IAR – 99 Soim

IAR - 95

IAR - S

IAR – 330 Puma

BAC 1/11 - ROMBAC

Model design

Model manufacturing

WT testing

Conceptualdesign

Globalevaluation

Integrated in-house design and testing capabilities

In-house capabilities for integrated design and testing

Model design

Model manufacturing

wt testing

Globalevaluation

• Atmospheric pressure, continuous type facility • Maximum speed : 110 m/s • 2.5m x 2.0m x 4m test section• Usual Reynolds number up to 1.5 million.

Equipment:

•Traditional closed circuit type• Solid walls test section • External 6 component pyramidal type balance•Standard pressure acquisition systems•New data acquisition technologies

Hot film/wire measurements IR cameraPIV system3D dynamic deformation – fast cameras

•Laser visualization systems•CTS system – open/closed loop operation•Aeroacoustics and airframe noise evaluation

72 microphone matrix systemBeamforming technologyCross-corelation with dynamic pressure/kulites

Subsonic Wind Tunnel

Airframe noise evaluation

Ground effect

Active models

Subsonic Wind Tunnel - Basic testing activities

• blow down type• 1.2m x 1.2m test sections (3D)• Mach number range : 0.1 … 3.5• Reynolds number up to 100 millions/m• Max test run duration : 90 sec.• Max pressure : 16 bar (settling chamber)

• Interchangeable porous transonic test section • Variable porosity from 0.01% up to 9% • Interchangeable complex 3D/2D 0.8m x 1.2m test section• Active model/combustion capability

Equipment:

• Sting mounted, internal balance•Pressure measurements•Mach control system• CTS system • 800 mm schlieren system• PIV under development• IR camera• ultra fast digital camera

Supersonic Wind Tunnel

Solid wallstest section

Perforatedtest section

Supersonic Wind Tunnel

In-house HPC capabilities

CFD codes

Cluster computing

Satellite image

3D reconstruction

CFD analysis

Wind tunnel testing Pedestrian Comfort Evaluation

Pedestrian Comfort Evaluation

IAR-99 – Structural design/upgrade

INCAS is design authority for IAR-99 trainer

IAR-XT A/B

• Prototype (year) : 2012/2013

• Service (year) : 2014

Major Projects under Development

CNTAR – Regional Transportation System

SATS in Romania

Major Projects under Development

RPV/UAV/UCAV Applications

ARGUS XL - INAv

MALE Project

SCCC Project

UAV System Analysis

IAR-UCAV Project

Atmospheric research & Earth Observation

ATMOSLAB – aircraft & UAV

Aircraft pollution research project

The Aircraft Pollution Monitoring Project is focusedon investigation of the impact of aircraft engineexhaust emissions on the state of the atmosphereover Romania using in-situ measurements in flightsand ground based tests.

The quantification of the impact of aircraft emissions on local air quality, especially in the vicinity of airports, and subsequently to climate change

What?

It is estimated that aircrafts represent 1-2% of the total sources of NOx, CO2,H2O and soot. In the free troposphere, their long-range transport isenhanced and the lifetime of the species increases, having considerableimpact on air quality and climate.

IPCC REPORT

Why?

• To determine the composition, spatial and temporal distributionand transformation of pollutant emitted from jet engines ofaircrafts.

• To determine the relative contributions from air traffic exhaustemissions to the composition of the atmosphere in and near theflight corridor.

• To assess the effects of air traffic emissions and to analyze theirimportance for changes in ozone, oxidizing capacity, aerosols andcloud formation.

• Total cost: 669066 EUR out of which 92285 EUR co-financing (13.8% of the total project cost, 16% of the public budget).

Project objectives and outcomes

The project will have the following work packages:

– Literature review and defining the problem,

– Design of the ground experiment,

– In flight experiments,

– Final report & conclusions,

– Coordination of the project.

The way of working

How to do it?

Ground tests

Instrumentation

UAV (gas and particles)

Airport + ROMATSA +ROAF

LIDAR, gas and particles

Airport + ROMATSA

Available aircrafts (4 types)

Airport + ROMAERO +

Airlines

Ground test – location #1

Ground measurements # 2

Otopeni international Airport

In-flight tests

Instrumentation

OK

UAV

LEGISLATION

ATMOSLAB

LEGISLATION FOR RESEARCH

Available aircrafts

(just 1 airline agrees )

ROMATSA+ ROAF

20.01.2014 – crash of an medical aircraft in Romania

• 2 weeks after – no flights for UAV or airborne platform > 1 kg

• Mai 2014 – new legislation

• 07.07.2014 CAA – new guidelines for UAV registration

• 08.07.2014 new legislation

• Present – no guidelines from CAA

UAV legislation

Available research infrastructure

CAPS

Nephelometer

Dust Track Ceilometer

Gas Analyzer

Raman mini LIDAR

Hawkeye Cloud Particle and Precipitation Probe

• Airport management – need to report the pollution rate, but they do not

want the trouble with the research activities on the ground and in-flight

• ROMATSA – need also to report the pollution, but they do not let us flight

higher then 5000ft

• Airlines – are willing to help us…but what if they polluting more then

officially reported?

• UAV – missing legislation

• Pilots – no special trained research pilots, they do not understand the

need of research

• LEGISLATION for aircraft operation

Problems:

- Until April 2016 - to finis the ground and in-flight measurement

- Research Project #2 – tests on alternative fuel

Future plans