AIR POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAMME FOR THE 2020 TO …...air pollution control programme mzoe 9....
Transcript of AIR POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAMME FOR THE 2020 TO …...air pollution control programme mzoe 9....
Air Pollution Control Programme MZOE
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAMME
FOR THE 2020 TO 2029 PERIOD
Air Pollution Control Programme MZOE
CONTENT
1. REMARK ................................................................................................................. 1
2. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 1
2.1. THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE PREPARATION OF NATIONAL AIR
POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAMME .............................................................. 2
2.2. SCOPE AND AIM OF THE PROGRAMME ........................................................... 4
2.3. AVAILABLE DATA SOURCE ............................................................................. 6
3. THE NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND POLLUTION POLLICY FRAMEWORK ... 8
3.1. A BRIEF OVERVIEW ON THE SITUATION IN RELATION TO THE VALID
PROGRAMME ..................................................................................................... 8
3.2. POLICY PRIORITIES AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO PRIORITIES SET IN
OTHER RELEVANT POLICY AREAS .................................................................. 9
3.2.1. KOHERENCE OF INVENTORIES AND PROJECTIONS .............................. 26
3.2.2. COHERENCE WITH PLANS AND PROGRAMMES ................................. 32
3.3. RESPONSIBILITIES ATTRIBUTED TO NATIONAL, REGIONAL AND LOCAL
AUTHORITIES .................................................................................................. 44
4. PROGRESS MADE BY CURRENT POLICIES AND MEASURES (PaMs) IN
REDUCING EMISSIONS AND IMPROVING AIR QUALITY, AND THE
DEGREE OF COMPLIANCE WITH NATIONAL AND UNION OBLIGATIONS,
COMPARED TO 2005 ............................................................................................. 56
4.1. PROGRESS MADE BY CURRENT PaMs IN REDUCING EMISSIONS, AND THE
DEGREE OF COMPLIANCE WITH NATIONAL AND UNION EMISSION
REDUCTION OBLIGATIONS ............................................................................ 56
4.2. PROGRESS MADE BY CURRENT PaMs IN IMPROVING AIR QUALITY, AND
THE DEGREE OF COMPLIANCE WITH NATIONAL AND UNION AIR
QUALITY OBLIGATIONS ................................................................................. 63
4.3. CURRENT TRANSBOUNDARY IMPACT OF NATIONAL EMISSION SOURCES
.......................................................................................................................... 79
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5. PROJECTED FURTHER EVOLUTION ASSUMING NO CHANGE TO
ALREADY ADOPTED POLICIES AND MEASURES ............................................ 82
5.1. PROJECTED EMISSIONS AND EMISSION REDUCTIONS (WM SCENARIO) ... 91
5.1.1. METHODOLOGY AND MODELS AND KEY ASSUMPTIONS AND
PARAMETERS FOR PREPARATION OF PROJECTIONS (WM SCENARIO) ..... 96
5.1.2. SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF PROJECTIONS ................................................ 97
5.2. PROJECTED IMPACT ON IMPROVING AIR QUALITY (WM SCENARIO),
INCLUDING THE PROJECTED DEGREE OF COMPLIANCE ............................ 98
6. POLICY OPTIONS CONSIDERED TO COMPLY WITH THE EMISSION
REDUCTION COMMITMENTS FOR 2020, AND 2030, INTERMEDIATE
EMISSION LEVELS FOR 2025, AND STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION ........ 103
6.1. DETAILS CONCERNING THE PaMS CONSIDERED IN ORDER TO COMPLY
WITH THE EMISSION REDUCTION (REPORTING AT PaM LEVEL) (2.6.1) ... 103
6.2. IMPACTS ON AIR QUALITY AND THE ENVIRONMENT OF INDIVIDUAL
PAMS OR PACKAGES OF PAMS CONSIDERED IN ORDER TO COMPLY
WITH THE EMISSION REDUCTION COMMITMENTS (2.6.2) .......................... 114
6.3. ESTIMATION OF COSTS AND BENEFITS OF THE INDIVIDUAL PAM OR
PACKAGE OF PAMS CONSIDERED IN ORDER TO COMPLY WITH THE
EMISSION REDUCTION COMMITMENTS ........................................................ 114
6.4. ADDITIONAL DETAILS CONCERNING THE MEASURES FROM ANNEX III
PART 2 TO DIRECTIVE (EU) 2016/2284 TARGETING THE AGRICULTURAL
SECTOR TO COMPLY WITH THE EMISSION REDUCTION COMMITMENTS117
7. STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION .................................................................... 121
8. THE POLICIES SELECTED FOR ADOPTION BY SECTOR, INCLUDING A
TIMETABLE FOR THEIR ADOPTION, IMPLEMENTATION AND REVIEW
AND THE COMPETENT AUTHORITIES RESPONSIBLE .................................. 126
8.1. INDIVIDUAL PAMs OR PACKAGE OF PAMS SELECTED FOR ADOPTION
AND THE COMPETENT AUTHORITIES RESPONSIBLE ................................. 126
8.2. AN ASSESSMENT OF HOW SELECTED PAMS ENSURE COHERENCE WITH
PLANS AND PROGRAMMES SET UP IN OTHER RELEVANT POLICY AREAS130
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9. PROJECTED COMBINED IMPACTS OF PAMS ('WITH ADDITIONAL
MEASURES' - WAM) ON EMISSION REDUCTIONS, AIR QUALITY AND THE
ENVIRONMENT AND THE ASSOCIATED UNCERTAINTIES .......................... 131
9.1. PROJECTED ATTAINMENT OF EMISSION REDUCTION COMMITMENTS ... 131
9.2. NON-LINEAR TRAJECTORY FOR EMISSION REDUCTIONS ......................... 135
9.3. THE USE OF FLEXIBILITIES .......................................................................... 137
9.4. PROJECTED IMPROVEMENT IN AIR QUALITY ............................................ 138
9.5. PROJECTED IMPACTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT ........................................... 139
9.6. METHODOLOGIES AND UNCERTAINTIES OF WAM POLICY OPTIONS ...... 140
9.7. MONITORING PROGRESS IN IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PAMS AND THE
NATIONAL AIR POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAMME ................................ 141
10. DISSEMINTION OF THE NATIONAL AIR POLLUTION PROGRAMMME ...... 144
LITERATURA ............................................................................................................. 146
APPENDIX 1. DESCRIPTION OF CURRENTLY APPLIED AND ADOPETED PAM's149
APPENDIX 2. INITIAL ASSUMPTIONS AND PARAMETERS FOR PROJECTIONS 168
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POPIS TABLICA
Table 1-1: Emission ceilings for period up to 2020 according to the Article 5 of the NEC
Regulation ....................................................................................................................................... 3
Table 1-2: Table 5. from Annex I of the NEC Regulation ................................................................. 6
Table 4-1: Overview of adopted and applied PaMs whose impact is integrated into the scenario
with existing measures (WM scenario) .......................................................................................... 83
Table 4-2: Sensitivity analysis overview ........................................................................................ 97
Table 8-1: Overview of the sensitivtiy analysis ............................................................................ 140
Table P 2-1: Assumptions for projections – Energy and Transport .............................................. 168
Table P 2-2: Assumptions for projections – Industrial processes and use of solvents .................. 170
Table P 2-3: Assumptions for projections - agriculture ................................................................. 170
Table P 2-4: Assumptions for projections – waste management .................................................. 171
Table P 2-5: Parameters on projections – general economic parameters .................................... 172
Table P 2-6: Parameters on projections – energy sector: total fuel consumption, total electricity
generation, ‘with existing measures’ scenario .............................................................................. 172
Table P 2-7: Parameters on projections – energy sector: final energy consumption ................... 172
Table P 2-8: : Parameters on projections – weather parameters ................................................. 172
Table P 2-9: Parameters on projections – industry ...................................................................... 173
Table P 2-10: Parameters on projections – transport ................................................................... 173
Table P 2-11: Parameters on projections – agriculture ................................................................ 173
Table P 2-12: Parameters on projections – waste management .................................................. 174
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POPIS SLIKA
Figure 4-1: Trend and projections of SO2 emissions for WM scenario ............................................. 93
Figure 4-2: Trend and projections of NOX emissions for WM scenario ............................................ 93
Figure 4-3: Trend and projections of NH3 emissions for WM scenario ............................................ 94
Figure 4-4: Trend and projections of NMVOC emissions for WM scenario ..................................... 94
Figure 4-5: Trend and projections of PM2,5 emissions for WM scenario .......................................... 95
Figure 4-6: Trend and projections of PM10 emissions for WM scenario........................................... 95
Figure 4-7: Emission Sensitivity Analysis for WM Scenario ............................................................. 97
Figure 8-1: Historic trend and projections of SO2 emissions for WM and WAM scenario ............. 131
Figure 8-2: Historic trend and projections of NOx emissions for WM and WAM scenario ............ 132
Figure 8-3: Historic trend and projections of NH3 emissions for WM and WAM scenario ............ 133
Figure 8-4: Historic trend and projections of NMVOC emissions for WM and WAM scenario ..... 133
Figure 8-5: Historic trend and projections of PM2,5 emissions for WM and WAM scenario .......... 134
Figure 8-6: Historic trend and projections of PM10 emissions for WM and WAM scenario .......... 134
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
GDP Gross domestic product Bruto domaći proizvod
CLRTAP Convention on Long-Range
Transboundary Air Pollution
Konvencija o prekograničnom onečišćenju
zraka na velikim udaljenostima
CRF Common Reporting Format (UNFCCC) Tablični prikaz izračuna emisija prema
UNFCCC
CV Target value Ciljne vrijednosti
DDT Dihlor-difenil-trihloretan Diklor-difeniltri-kloretan
DHMZ Croatian Meteorological and
Hydrological Service Državni hidrometeorološki zavod
EEA European Environmental Agency Europska agencija za zaštitu okoliša
EIONET European Environment Information and
Observation Network
Europska informacijska i promatračka
mreža
EMEP
Protocol on Long-term Financing of the
Cooperative Programme for Monitoring
and Evaluation of the Long-range
Transmission of Air Pollutants in
Europe
Protokol o dugoročnom financiranju
Programa za praćenje i procjenu
prekograničnog prijenosa onečišćujućih
tvari u zraku na velike udaljenosti u Europi
ESD Effort Sharing Decision 406/2009/EZ Odluka 406/2009/EZ o podjeli napora
EU European Union Europska unija
EU ETS EU Emission Trading System Europski sustav trgovanja emisijama
stakleničkih plinova
FZOEU Environmental Protection and Energy
Efficiency Fund
Fond za zaštitu okoliša i energetsku
učinkovitost
GP Gothenburg protocol Gothenburški protokol
GT Tolerance limit Granica tolerantnosti
GV Limit values Granične vrijednosti
H2S Hydrogen sulfide Sumporovodik
HAOP
Croatian Agency for Environment and
Nature (until 31 December 2018 - from
1 January 2019 the Ministry took charge
of the Agency)
Hrvatska agencija za okoliš i prirodu
(do 31. 12. 2018. godine – od 1.1. 2019.
godine Ministasrstvo je preuzelo poslove
Agencije)
NECD National Emission Celing Directive Direktiva o gornjim granicama emisije za
pojedine atmosferske onečišćujuće tvari
NFR Nomenclature for Reporting (according
to LRTAP Konvenciju)
Format za izvještavanje emisija
onečišćujućih tvari prema LRTAP
Konvenciji
IIR Informative Inventory Report (according
to LRTAP Konvenciju)
Izvješće o proračunu emisija onečišćujućih
tvari (uz LRTAP Konvenciju)
IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change
Međuvladin panel o klimatskim
promjenama
JLS Local government unit Jedinica lokalne samouprave
LULUCF Land use, land use change and forestry Korištenje zemljišta, promjena korištenja
zemljišta i šumarstvo
NH3 Ammonia Amonijak
NMVOC Non-methane volatile organic
compounds Nemetanski hlapivi organski spojevi
NO2 Nitrogen dioxide Dušikov dioksid
O3 Ozone Ozon
P Appendix Prilog
PaM Policy and Measures Politike i mjere
Pb Lead Olovo
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PM2,5 Particulate matter with aerodynamic
diameter less than 2,5 μm
Čestice aerodinamičnog promjera manjeg
od 2,5 μm
PM10 Particulate matter with aerodynamic
diameter less than 10 μm
Čestice aerodinamičnog promjera manjeg
od 10 μm
PPI average exposure indicator (AEI) prosječni pokazatelj izloženosti
RLS Regional Local Government Regionalna lokalna samouprava
SEAP Sustainable Energy Action Plan Akcijski plan energetski održivog razvitka
ESIP European structural and investment
funds
Strukturni i investicijski fondovi Europske
unije
SO2 Sulfur dioxide Sumporov dioksid
TERT Technical Expert Review Team tehnički stručni revizijski tim
UNECE United Nations Framework Convention
on Climate Change
Okvirna konvencija Ujedinjenih naroda o
promjeni klime
UTT Total suspended particles Ukupna taložna tvar
Zn Zinc Cink
MZOE Ministry of Environment and Energy Ministarstvo zaštite okoliša i energetike
MP Ministry of Agriculture Ministarstvo poljoprivrede
Note: The Law on Amendments to the Law on Organization and Scope of Ministries and other Central
Government Bodies (Official Gazette 116/18) and the Law on Amendments to the Law on
Environmental Protection (Official Gazette 118/18), the Croatian Agency for Environment and
Nature was abolished and professional and analytical activities of nature protection, environmental
protection, collecting and harmonizing data and information on the environment and nature for the
purpose of ensuring and monitoring the implementation of the environmental protection and
sustainable development policy are the responsibility of the Ministry of Environmental Protection
and Energy.
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1. REMARK
The Law on Amendments to the Law on Organization and Scope of Ministries and Other Central
Authorities of the State Administration (Official Gazette, No. 116/18) and the Law on Amendments
to the Environmental Protection Act (Official Gazette, No. 118/18) abolished the Croatian Agency
for environment and nature and expert and analytical tasks of nature protection and environmental
protection, as well as collecting and integrating data and information on environment and nature for
the purpose of ensuring and monitoring the implementation of environmental policy and sustainable
development are placed under the responsibility of the Ministry of Environment and Energy.
2. INTRODUCTION
In order to meet the obligation to reduce emissions of sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx),
non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC), ammonia (NH3) and fine particulate matter
(PM2.5) for the period from 2020 to 2029 and from 2030 onward also contributing to the achievement
of the objectives of limiting the anthropogenic emissions of certain air pollutants, in order to achieve
progress in achieving air quality levels that do not lead to significant negative effects and risks to
human health and the environment, the Air Pollution Control Program has been developed in
accordance with Article 20 of the Regulation on National Obligations to Reduce Emissions of Certain
Pollutants in Air in the Republic of Croatia (Official Gazette 76/18) (hereinafter: the NEC Regulation)
and the Guidelines for the Development and Implementation of National Control Programs Member
States' air pollution by the European Commission.
For the development of the Air Pollution Control Program, the available data sources provided in
Chapter 1.3 were used. The document structure combines the guidelines and Format of the European
Commission for drafting and implementing national air pollution control programmes (hereinafter
referred to as Format). The Format of the Program is defined by the Comission Implementing
Decision which laying down a common format for national air pollution control programmes1 (hereinafter referred to as the Implementation Decision NAPCP), as adopted by the European
Commission pursuant to Article 6 (10) of Directive No 2016/2284 of the European Parliament and of
the Council of 14 December 2016 on the reduction of national emissions of certain atmospheric
pollutants, amending Directive 2003/35/EC and repealing Directive 2001/81/EC (hereinafter the
NEC Directive). In accordance with Article 2 of the Implementing Decision NAPCP, Member States
are obliged to use the Common Format when reporting their national air pollution control programme
to the Commission in accordance with Article 10 (1) of the NEC Directive.
The Air Pollution Control Program contains more information in order to better understand the topic
and to fulfill the contractual obligations so the chapter numbering does not follow Format. Format
Tables are part of the chapters contained in the Air Pollution Control Program (Chapter 1.4), and their
original number, which represents a particular chapter of the common Format is retained, to help
readers for easily follow the content. Given the above, at the beginning of each chapter, there is also
the chapter number of the Format. It should be noted that all Formats tables are not mandatory and
may be optionally filled by Member States if they have available information that are requested.
Mandatory fields in Format are marked bold and with (M).
The Air Pollution Control Programme includes: an overview of the national air quality and pollution
policy framework, progress made by current policies and measures (hereinafter referred to as the
1 COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING DECISION (EU) 2018/1522 of 11 October 2018 laying down a common format for national air
pollution control programmes under Directive (EU) 2016/2284 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the reduction of
national emissions of certain atmospheric pollutants (notified under document C(2018) 6549)
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PaMs) in reducing emissions and improving air quality and degree of compliance with national and
European Union (EU) emission reduction obligations, an overview of projected further evolution
assuming no change to already adopted PaMs, possible policy options considered in order to comply
with the emission reduction commitments for 2020, and 2030, intermediate emission levels for 2025,
Public and stakeholder consultation, the policies selected for adoption by sector, including a timetable
for their adoption, implementation and review and the competent authorities responsible, projected
combined impacts of PaMs on emission reductions, air quality and the environment and the associated
uncertainties, financial resources and timeframe necessary for the implementation of PaMs.
The following is a brief introduction to the legal framework for the drafting the national air pollution
control programme, the aim and purpose of the programme and the available data sources that are
considered when drafting the NAPCP.
2.1. THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE PREPARATION OF NATIONAL AIR
POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAMME
The legal basis for the preparation of the National Air Pollution Control Program (hereinafter the
Programme) is the Law on Environmental Protection (Official Gazette No. 80/13, 153/13, 78/15,
12/18, 118/18), Law on Air Protection (Official Gazette No. 130/11, 47/14, 61/17, 118/18) and the
NEC Regulation.
The Republic of Croatia is a party to numerous international treaties, ie conventions and protocols,
including those relating to atmospheric pollution.
The 1979 Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP Convention) is a
framework agreement that Parties have committed to combating air pollution. Protocols are key assets
/ legal instruments for reducing air pollution. The LRTAP Convention has been extended by 8
protocols that contain concrete measures and legally binding targets for reduce air pollution, ie
pollutants - sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), volatile organic compounds (VOC), heavy
metals (HMs) and persistent organic pollutants (POPs).
The Republic of Croatia has also accepted the mentioned obligations as a party to the 1979
Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP Convention) (Official Gazette -
International Agreements, No. 12/93) and the Protocol to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication and
Ground-level Ozone ("the Gothenburg Protocol", hereinafter GP) (Official Gazette - International
Agreements, No. 07/08). The GP promotes an approach that takes into account the multi-effects of
multi-pollutants in order to prevent or to minimize exceeding the critical loads for acidification,
critical loads of nutrient nitrogen and critical levels of ozone for human health and vegetation. For
this purpose, the Protocol sets national emission ceilings, which each party must keep below the
defined value by 2010 and years after it, for the following pollutants: SO2, NOx, NH3 and VOC. In
the EU legislation and then in national legislation, the Protocol is mainly transposed by Directive
2001/80/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2001 on large combustion
plants and Directive 2001/81/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2001
on national emission ceilings for certain pollutants (old NEC Directive).
Given that the Amendments to the Protocol have been adopted, which include new emission reduction
commitments, in addition to the above mentioned pollutants also includ fine particlate matter (PM2.5).
At the EU level, an existing air protection policy has been improved with the aim to achieving air
quality levels that do not lead to significant adverse effects and risks to human health and the
environment so the NEC Directive (2016/2284/EU) was adopted.
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The new NEC Directive sets emission reduction commitments for five important air pollutants:
NMVOC, NH3, SO2, PM2.5 i NOx, applicable from 2020 to 2029 and from 2030 onwards to a certain
percentage (%) reduction compared with 2005, as base year on the basis of which the fulfillment of
the obligations are monitored.
It is also required that in 2025, a linear emission reduction trajectory be established, with certain
exemptions. The new NEC Directive has also assumed the commitments proposed in the amended
Protocol that were defined for achievement in 2010 and years after it. It is mentioned in the Article 5
of NEC Regulation, and set emission quotas for the period up to 2020 are shown in the Table 1-1.
Table 1-1: Emission ceilings for period up to 2020 according to the Article 5 of the NEC Regulation
Pollutant Emission ceilings
for 2010 and onwards
sulphur dioxide (SO2) 70 kt
nitrogen oxides (NOx) 87 kt
non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) 90 kt
ammonia (NH3) 30 kt
The Republic of Croatia is a party to the following Protocols to the LRTAP Convention: Protocol on
Long-term Financing of the Cooperative Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long-
range Transmission of Air Pollutants in Europe (Official Gazette - International Agreements, No.
12/93), Protocol on Further Reduction of Sulfur Emissions (Official Gazette - International
Agreements, No. 17/98 and 3/99), the Protocol on Heavy Metals (Official Gazette - International
Agreements, No. 05/07), Protocol on Persistent Organic Pollutants (Official Gazette - International
Agreements, No. 05/07), Protocol concerning the Control of Emissions of Volatile Organic
Compounds or their Transboundary Fluxes under the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air
Pollution from 1979 (Official Gazette No. 10/07), the Protocol concerning the Control of Nitrogen
Oxides or their Transboundary Fluxes (Narodne novine - Journal - International Treaties, No. 10/07).
The national emission reduction commitments are set in the NEC Regulation. The NEC Regulation
lays down certain air pollutants that cause adverse effects of acidification, eutrophication and
photochemical pollution, their emission ceiling ie. national emission reduction commitments for a
certain period in the Republic of Croatia and the methodology for emissions calculations. With the
NEC regulation in the legal order of the Republic of Croatia, the following EU directives were
transposed:
- Articles 1 and 4 of Directive 2001/81/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of
23 October 2001 on national emission ceilings for certain atmospheric pollutants (OJ L 309,
27.11.2001), as supplemented by the Council Directive Council Directive 2013/17/EU of 13
May 2013 adapting certain directives in the field of environment, by reason of the accession
of the Republic of Croatia (OJ L 158, 10.6.2013) and
- NEC Directive.
The aim of the NEC Regulation is to limit the anthropogenic emissions of certain air pollutants in
order to make progress in achieving air quality levels that do not lead to significant negative effects
and risks to human health and the environment.
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2.2. SCOPE AND AIM OF THE PROGRAMME
Air pollution represents a significant environmental risk especially in areas exposed to higher
concentrations of particles PM10 and PM2.5, ground-level ozone and other air pollutants (NH3,
NMVOC, SO2 and NOx). Pollutants can travel long distances and thus can affect the air quality,
human health and quality of life at the site of their primary emission source as well as away from it.
Contribution to air pollution is therefore very different for individual locations and cities, namely
somewhere is the largest contribution of local sources (those near to the recipient, eg road traffic),
and somewhere the contribution of emissions generated at the city or region level or those resulting
from tranbsboundary transmission.
To improve the air quality, a coordinated application of PaM is required at various levels;
internationally within conventions and protocols, then national programs and plans, local action plans
for improving air quality as well as other instruments.
In order to improve the air quality and fulfill the national on the reduction of national emissions of
certain atmospheric pollutants, it is necessary to draw up the first National Air Pollution Control
Programme and submit it to the European Commission. Every four years, or if necessary earlier
depending on the need for updating with respect to the fulfillment of obligations, the Air Pollution
Control Programme will be updated with the obligation for delivery of the new Air Pollution Control
Programme by 1st April 2023. Compliance with the obligations is reviewed during the annual reviews
of the Republic of Croatia Informative Inventory Reports which are submitted to the European
Commission for Environmental Protection.
The European Commission in the Implementation Decision NAPCP highlights the importance of the
National Air Pollution Control Programme (hereinafter: NAPCP):
- is the principal governance tool under Directive (EU) 2016/2284 supporting Member States to
plan their national PaMs with a view to complying with the national emission reduction
commitments laid down in that Directive for 2020 and 2030, contributes to achieving the air
quality objectives pursuant to Article 1(2) of that Directive, as well as to ensuring coherence
with plans and programmes set in other relevant policy areas, including climate, energy,
agriculture, industry and transport;
- facilitates mid-term and long-term planning, thereby enhancing predictability for stakeholders
while also supporting a shift of investments to clean and efficient technologies;
- contributes to improving the air quality and air quality management in the Member States by
requiring consultations with relevant bodies with responsibility for air pollution, quality and
management at all administrative levels prior adopting the Program; and the competent
authorities with responsibilities in the field of air pollution, quality and management are to be
consulted on the draft national air pollution control programmes and on any significant updates
prior to their finalisation.
- contributes to the successful implementation of air quality plans established under Article 23
of Directive 2008/50/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (CAFE Directive). To
that effect, Member States should take account of the need to reduce emissions, in particular of
nitrogen oxides and fine particulate matter, in zones and agglomerations affected by excessive
air pollutant concentrations and/or in those zones and agglomerations that contribute
significantly to air pollution in other zones and agglomerations, including in neighbouring
countries
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As pointed out in the Implementation Decision NAPCP and in the Commission's ʺSecond Report on
the State of the Energy Union2ʺ, Member States should develop their national energy and climate
plans, whenever possible, in parallel with their national air pollution control programmes to ensure
synergies and reduce implementation costs, since these plans rely to a large extent on similar
measures and actions.
For this purpose and in accordance with Annex I to the proposal of the Energy Regulatory Regulation
of 30 November 2016, which provides a general framework for integrated national energy and climate
plans, the impact of the PaMs contained in the said plans on emissions of atmospheric pollutants and
air quality.
The Implementation Decision NAPCP also emphasizes the importance of common Formate that
increases consistency with the reporting of PaMs under Union climate and energy policies.
For this purpose the common Format should be aligned where there are commonalities with reporting
obligations under Regulation (EU) No 525/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21
May 2013 on a mechanism for monitoring and reporting greenhouse gas emissions and for reporting
other information at national and Union level relevant to climate change and repealing Decision No
280/2004/EC3 and Commission Implementing Regulation No (EU) 749/20144 of 30 June 2014 on
structure, format, submission processes and review of information reported by Member States
pursuant to Regulation (EU) No 525/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council.
EC has prepared a report on "The First Clean Air Outlook" and a follow up analysis showing updated
emission reductions for the period up to 2030, and as well as possible additional support to Member
States in identifying cost-effective additional PaMs to meet emission reduction commitments for
2020 and 2030. "The First Clean Air Outlook" points out that, for the majority of atmospheric
pollutants regulated by the NEC Directive, the legislation on air pollution control at source is already
in force in EU or is in the process of adopting, which would substantially support the achievement of
national emissions reduction obligations, however ammonia is an exception at EU level; and
therefore an additional national PaM is required to achieve ammonia emission reduction
commitments. Therefore, national air pollution control programs should also include proportional
measures applied to the agricultural sector.
The purpose of the Program is to enable the following two goals to be met:
- meeting the emission reduction commitments for air pollutants SO2, NOx, NMVOC, PM2.5
and NH3 (table 1-2),
- by reducing emissions, contribute to progress in achieving air quality levels that do not lead
to significant negative impacts and risks to human health and the environment (objective from
Article 3 paragraph 1 of the NEC Regulation).
Pursuant to Article 19 (7) of the NEC Regulation as well as in accordance with Article 6 (5) of the
NEC Directive and Annex I to Directive 2003/35 / EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
of 26 May 2003 ensuring public participation in relation with the preparation of certain plans and
programs relating to the environment5, the Ministry (MEE) had conducted public consultation on the
2 COM(2017) 53 final of 1 February 2017, p. 14 3 OJ L 165, 18.6.2013, p. 13 4 OJ L 203, 11.7.2014, p. 23 5 Direktiva 2003/35/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCILof 26 May 2003 providing for public
participation in respect of the drawing up of certain plans and programmesrelating to the environment and amending with regard to
public participation and access to justice Council Directives 85/337/EEC and 96/61/EC
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draft of the National Air Pollution Control Program and on any significant updates prior to it
finalisation and adoption by the Government of the Republic of Croatia.
Table 1-2: Table 5. from Annex I of the NEC Regulation
2.3. AVAILABLE DATA SOURCE
Available data source used for drafting National Air Pollution Controle Programme (among others)
are following:
- The Plan for the protection of air, ozone layer and climate change mitigation in the Republic
of Croatia for the 2013 – 2017 period
- An overview of air quality in the Republic of Croatia based on the "Air Quality Assessment
in the Republic of Croatia for the period 2011-2015 according to Directive
2008/50/EC“ (DHMZ 2017);
- Biennial Report for the period from 2013 to 2015 on the fulfillment of obligations under the
Plan for the protection of air, ozone layer and climate change mitigation in the Republic of
Croatia for the 2013 – 2017 period (CAEN);
- Action Plans for Improving the Air Quality of the Cities Zagreb, Osijek, Sisak, Kutina,
Rijeka, Slavonski Brod
- Programme for gradual reduction of emissions for certain pollutants in the Republic of.
Croatia for the period until the end of 2010 with emission projections for the period from
2010 to 2020 (Official Gazette, No. 152/09)
- Environmental Pollution Register Reports, CAEN;
- A Roadmap for moving to a competitive low carbon economy in 2050 (COM (2011) 112
final);
- Energy Roadmap 2050 (COM( 2011) 885/2);
- A policy framework for climate and energy in the period from 2020 to 2030 (COM (2014)
15 final), Impact Assesment, Policy summary of UK analysis on EU 2030 targets;
- Seventh national communication of the Republic of Croatia under UNFCCC, 2018;
- Third National Action Plan for Energy Efficiency (2014);
Emission reduction commitments for the Croatia and EU for sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), non-
methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC), ammonia (NH3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5).
The reduction commitments have the year 2005 as base year, and for road transport, apply to emissions calculated
on the basis of fuels sold.
SO2 reduction compared with
2005
NOx reduction compared with
2005
NMVOC reduction compared
with 2005
For any year
from 2020 to
2029
For any year
from 2030
For any year
from 2020 to
2029
For any year
from 2030
For any year
from 2020 to
2029
For any year
from 2030
Croatia 55% 83% 31% 57% 34% 48%
EU 59% 79% 42% 63% 28% 40%
NH3 reduction compared with 2005 PM2.5 reduction compared with 2005
For any year
from 2020 to
2029
For any year from 2030
For any year
from 2020 to
2029
For any year from 2030
Croatia 1% 25% 18% 55%
EU 6% 19% 22% 49%
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- National Action Plan for Renewable Energy Sources by 2020;
- latest submitted reports on emission inventories for greenhouse gases and certain air
pollutants in the Republic of Croatia, CAEN;
- latest submitted reports fin emission projections for greenhouse gas and certain air
pollutants in the Republic of Croatia, MEE;
- PaMs Effect Report;
- The technical basis for the development of low carbon strategy for Croatia for the period
until 2030 with an outlook to 2050, the Green Book, 2015/2017 (MEE);
- The technical basis for the development of low carbon strategy for Croatia for the period
until 2030 with an outlook to 2050, the White Book, 2015/2017 (MEE);
- The Intergovernmental Panel 2006 Guidelines on Climate Change;
- Transitional national plan pursuant to Directive 2010/75/EU of the European parliament and
of the Council of 24 November 2010 on industrial emissions, June 2013;
The basic document used as the basis for the preparation of the Programme is The technical basis for
the development of the National Air Pollution Control Programme, 2018. (EKONERG Ltd.).
The technical basis for the development of the National Air Pollution Control Programme included
an overview of the national air quality and pollution policy framework, progress made by current
PaMs in reducing emissions and improving air quality, a degree of compliance with national and
European Union (EU) emission reduction commitments, an overview of projected further evolution
assuming no change to already adopted PaMs, possible policy options considered in order to comply
with the emission reduction commitments for 2020, and 2030, intermediate emission levels for 2025,
the policies selected for adoption by sector, including a timetable for their adoption, implementation
and review and the competent authorities responsible, projected combined impacts of PaMs on
emission reductions, air quality and the environment and the associated uncertainties, and financial
resources and timeframe necessary for the implementation of PaMs.
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3. THE NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND POLLUTION POLLICY
FRAMEWORK
3.1. A BRIEF OVERVIEW ON THE SITUATION IN RELATION TO THE VALID
PROGRAMME
The Government of the Republic of Croatia, in accordance with Article 5, paragraph 2 of the
Regulation on emission ceilings for certain air pollutants in the Republic of Croatia (Official Gazette,
No. 141/08), adopted in 2009 a Programme for gradual reduction of emissions for certain pollutants
in the Republic of Croatia for the period until the end of 2010 with emission projections for the period
from 2010 to 2020 (Official Gazette, No. 152/09) (hereinafter: Programme 2010-2020). The
mentioned Programme 2010-2020 was adopted on the basis of the Protocol to Abate Acidification,
Eutrophication and Ground-level Ozone under the 1979 Convention on Long-range Transboundary
Air Pollution (Official Gazette - International Agreements, No. 4/08), the Protocol on Heavy Metals
under the 1979 Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (Official Gazette -
International Agreements, No. 5/07) and the Regulation on Emission Ceilings for Certain Air
Pollutants in the Republic of Croatia which prescribe certain air pollutants that cause adverse effects
of acidification, eutrophication and photochemical pollution, their emission ceiling for a given period
in the Republic of Croatia and the methodology for annual emissions calculations.
Numerous improvements of EU legislation have been made since 2009, such as the revision of the
Protocol to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-level Ozone under the 1979 Convention
on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution from May 2012. In 2013, the Republic of Croatia
became a member of the EU, thus taking on new international commitments. Consequently, there
was a need to upgrade the Programme 2010-2020, which has been done.
In 2015, a Programme for gradual reduction of emissions for certain pollutants in the Republic of
Croatia with emission projections to 2020, 2025 and 2030 with a view to 2050 (hereinafter the
Programme 2010-2020 + 2050), legal basis for its preparation was Article 7 of the Regulation on
emission ceilings for certain air pollutants in the Republic of Croatia. With the Programme 2010-
2020 + 2050, emission projections were prepared for SO2, NOx, NH3, NMVOC, PM10, PM2,5 and
CH4 for 2020, 2025, 2030, with a view to 2050. The projections were prepared in accordance with
the EMEP/EEA guidebook 2013. The levels of activity dana for 2012, derive from the official
national data set for all sectors: The Republic of Croatia Informative Inventory Report 2015 (1990 -
2013) (IIR 2015).
Sources of activity data, parameters and assumptions for the air pollutants emission projections are
identical to those used for greenhouse gas emission projections. Projections were prepared for the
with measure (WM) and with additional measure (WAM) scenario according to which, two scenarios
were considered, namely the gradual transition to the low-carbon economy (NU1) and a strong
transition to the low-carbon economy (NU2) scenario.
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3.2. POLICY PRIORITIES AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO PRIORITIES SET IN
OTHER RELEVANT POLICY AREAS
This chapter corresponds to chapter 2.3. „The national air quality and pollution policy framework“,
of the Formate.
The national emission reduction commitments and air pollutants emission ceilings are set by the NEC
Regulation. The NEC Regulation stipulates the national emission reduction commitments for a given
period in the Republic of Croatia and the methodology for emission calculation for certain air
pollutants that cause the adverse effects of acidification, eutrophication and photochemical pollution,
their emission ceilings respectively, the main goal of the NEC Regulation is to limit the anthropogenic
emissions of certain air pollutants, in order to make progress in achieving air quality levels that do
not lead to significant adverse effects and risks to human health and the environment.
The NEC Regulation also contributes to:
– air quality objectives established by a positive national regulation which regulates air pollutant
levels and progress towards the long-term EU goal of achieving air quality in accordance with
air quality guidelines published by the World Health Organization,
– EU objectives in the area of biodiversity and ecosystems in accordance with the Seventh
Environmental Action Program and ciljevima EU u području bioraznolikosti i ekosustava u
skladu sa Sedmim programom djelovanja za okoliš i
– strengthening synergies between EU policies related to air quality and other relevant EU
policies, in particular climate and energy policies.
The total national emission ceilings that are valid until 2020, as listed in Table 1-1 are:
– sulphur dioxide (SO2): 70 kt
– nitrogen oxides (NOx): 87 kt
– non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs): 90 kt
– ammonia (NH3): 30 kt.
The Republic of Croatia has also accepted this commitments as a party to the 1979 Convention on
Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP Convention) (Official Gazette - International
Agreements, No. 12/93) and the Protocol to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-Level
Ozone (Official Gazette - International Treaties, No. 4/08).
The Republic of Croatia and EU commitments to reduce emissions for certain air pollutants sulfur
dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC),
ammonia (NH3) and fine particulate matter (PM2,5) from 2020 to 2029 and from 2030 onwards are
given in Table 1-2 as well as the part of the following table which is a mandatory table of the Format
2.3.1. Policy priorities and their relationship to priorities set in other relevant policy areas (M).
The base year for the review and control of the emission reduction commitment is 2005, and for road
transport the emissions calculated on the basis of the fuel sold are applied.
Table 2.3.1. which is part of the mandatory reporting format under the Implementation Decision
NAPCP, provides a list of priority policies and their correlation with the priorities set in other relevant
policy areas.
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2.3.1 Policy priorities and their relationship to priorities set in other relevant policy areas (M)
The national
emission
reduction
commitments
compared with
2005 base year
(in %) (M)
SO2 NOx NMVOC NH3 PM2,5
2020-2029 (M): 55% 31% 34% 1% 18%
From 2030 (M): 83% 57% 48% 25% 55%
The air quality
priorities:
national policy
priorities related
to EU or national
air quality
objectives (incl.
limit values and
target values, and
exposure
concentration
obligations) (M)
The national air protection policy is defined by - the Plan for the protection of air, ozone
layer and climate change mitigation in the Republic of Croatia for the 2013 – 2017 period
(Official Gazette 139/13).
Relevant national priority objectives related to air quality are:
C1. Prevention or gradual reduction of air pollution in order to protect human
health, quality of life and the environment as a whole.
C2. Improvement of the complete air quality management system and air quality
monitoring on the territory of the Republic of Croatia.
For objectives C1 and C2, a number of measures for monitoring and assessing air quality in
the territory of the Republic of Croatia are linked that are are related to the requirements of
the CAFE Directive (see section 3.2).
The fulfillment of CAFE Directive obligations is described below:
- the demarcation of the state on zones and agglomerations was established,
- monitoring station locations and monitoring program in the state network for
permanent air quality monitoring (in accordance with CAFE Directive standards)
have been established,
- in the annual air quality reports, the classification of zones and agglomerations
according to levels of pollution with regard to the protection of human health and
the classification according to levels of contamination with regard to the protection
of vegetation is published.
Air quality monitoring in the Republic of Croatia is carried out in accordance with the
articles Articles 27, 31, 32 and 33 of the Low on Air Protection (Official Gazette 130/11,
47/14, 61/17, 118/18) (hereinafter: ZOZZ) through the state network for monitoring air
quality and the local cities, counties and polluters networks.
With the Plan for the protection of air, ozone layer and climate change mitigation in the
Republic of Croatia for the 2013 – 2017 period (Official Gazette 139/13) following
measures are proposed to achieve compliance with EU legislation in terms of air quality
monitoring and conformity assessment with air quality objectives:
MPR-2 Adoption of a new regulation on zoning and agglomeration by air pollution
levels.
MPR-3 Adoption of a new regulation on the establishment the locations of
measurement stations in the state network for permanent air quality monitoring and
a list of pollutant concentration monitoring stations for mutual exchange of
information and reporting on the assessment and management of air quality.
MPR-4 Adoption of a new pollution monitoring program at state network stations for
permanent air quality monitoring.
MPR-5 Improvement of the air quality monitoring system at the national network
stations and assurance of measurement and data quality.
MOZ-1 Create a pollutant emission register required for air quality models in the
assessment of pollution with ground-level ozone from which follows MPR-11
Creation of pollution emission register for small and diffuse sources with spatial
distribution in EMEO high resolution network.
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Zones and aglomerations for air quality monitoring
With the Regulation on the determination of zones and agglomerations by levels of air
pollution on the territory of the Republic of Croatia (Official Gazets, No. 1/14) 6 , the
coverage of 5 zones and 4 agglomerations was established as shown in the following picture
and the tables with indication of mark, name and coverage of zones and agglomerations:
On the base of the Assessment of ambient air quality at the territory of the Republic of
Croatia for the period 2006-2010 according to EU Directive 2008/50/EC, with the
Regulation on the determination of zones and agglomerations by levels of air pollution on
the territory of the Republic of Croatia (Official Gazets, No. 1/14), Croatia was divided into
5 zones and 4 agglomerations.
In November 2017, the the Assessment of ambient air quality at the territory of the Republic
of Croatia for the period 2011-2015 was made (available at
http://iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/datoteka?id=74786) according to which there was no proposed
change in the spatial coverage of zones and agglomerations.
6 Mentioned Regulation repeal the Regulation on the determination of areas and populated areas by air quality categories (OG, No.
68/2008) by which the territory of the Republic of Croatia was divided into 7 zones and 6 agglomerations (Zagreb, Rijeka, Split, Osijek,
Sisak and Kutina).
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By confirming the existing division of territories into zones and agglomerations it is
considered that MPR-2 Adoption of a new regulation on zoning and agglomeration by air
pollution levels, has been realized.
List of zones in the Republic of Croatia
ZONE NAME COVERAGE
HR 1 Continental
Croatia
Osječko-baranjska county (without
aglomeration HR OS)
Požeško-slavonska county
Virovitičko-podravska county
Vukovarsko-srijemska county
Bjelovarsko-bilogorska county
Koprivničko-križevačka county
Krapinsko-zagorska county
Međimurska county
Varaždinska county
Zagrebačka county (without
aglomeration HR ZG)
HR 2 Industrial zone Brodsko-posavska county
Sisačko-moslavačka county
HR 3
Lika, Gorski
kotar and
Primorje
Ličko-senjska county
Karlovačka county
Primorsko-goranska county (without
aglomeration HR RI)
HR 4 Istria Istarska county
HR 5 Dalmatia
Zadarska county
Šibensko-kninska county
Splitsko-dalmatinska county (without
aglomeration HR ST),
Dubrovačko-neretvanska county
List of aglomerations in the Republic of Croatia
AGLOMERATION NAME COVERAGE
HR ZG Zagreb
City of Zagreb, City of
Dugo Selo, City of
Samobor, City of Sveta
Nedjelja, City of Velika
Gorica, City of Zaprešić
HR OS Osijek City of Osijek
HR RI Rijeka
City of Rijeka, City of
Bakar, City of Kastav, City
of Kraljevica, City of
Opatija, Municipality
Viškovo, Municipality
Čavle, Municipality
Jelenje, Municipality
Kostrena, Municipality
Klana, Municipality
Matulji, Municipality
Lovran, Municipality
Omišalj
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HR ST Split
City of Split, City of
Kaštela, City of Solin, City
of Trogir, Municipality
Klis, Municipality
Podstrana, Municipality
Seget
Classification of zones and agglomeration by levels of pollution
On the base of the Assessment of ambient air quality at the territory of the Republic of
Croatia for the period 2011-2015, the Assesment of ambient air quality for period 2006 -
2010 (DHMZ, 2012), the Regulation on the determination of zones and agglomerations
according to the levels of air pollution in the territory of the Republic of Croatia with the
classification of zones and agglomerations according to the levels of pollution for each
pollutant in relation to the upper and lower estimate / long term goal with respect to the
protection of human health and with regard to the protection of vegetation was adopted.
Classification of zones and agglomeration according to levels of pollution with regard to the
protection of human health
Zones and
aglomerations
The level of air pollution by pollutants with regard to the protection of
human health
SO2 NO2 PM10
Benzen,
benzo
(a)piren
Pb,As,
Cd,Ni CO O3 Hg
HR ZG < DPP > GPP > GPP < GPP < DPP < DPP > DC <
GV
HR OS < DPP < GPP > GPP < GPP < DPP < DPP > DC <
GV
HR RI > GPP < GPP > GPP < DPP < DPP < DPP > DC <
GV
HR ST > GPP > GPP < GPP < DPP < DPP < DPP > DC <
GV
HR 1 < GPP < DPP < GPP < DPP < DPP < DPP > DC <
GV
HR 2 < GPP < DPP < GPP < GPP < DPP < DPP > DC <
GV
HR 3 < DPP < GPP < GPP < DPP < DPP < DPP > DC <
GV
HR 4 < DPP < DPP < GPP < DPP < DPP < DPP > DC <
GV
HR 5 < DPP < DPP < GPP < DPP < DPP < DPP > DC <
GV
Classification of zones and agglomeration according to levels of air pollution with regard to
vegetation protection
Zone
Level of air pollution with regard to vegetation
protection
SO2 NOx AOT40 parametar
HR 1 < DPP < GPP > DC
HR 2 < GPP < GPP > DC
HR 3 < DPP < GPP > DC
HR 4 < DPP < GPP > DC
HR 5 < DPP < GPP > DC
The meaning of the abbreviations used in the tables is as follows:
DPP – the lower assessment threshold,
GPP – upper assessment threshold,
DC – long-term goal for ground-level ozone,
GV – limit value.
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For the pollution assessment in areas where levels of pollution are greater than the upper
assessment threshold (> GPP), it is mandatory to carry out the measurements. In areas where
levels of pollution are between the upper and lower assessment thresholds (<GPP and >DPP)
measurement data may be supplemented by modeling data or indicative measurements. In
areas where pollutant levels are <DPP, the technique of objective estimation can be used.
Locations and Measurement Program in the State Network for Air Quality Monitoring
Locations and measurement program in the national network for air quality monitoring are
prescribed by the Regulation on the establishment of the list of measurement points for
monitoring over the concentration of certain pollutants in the air and location of monitoring
stations in the national network for permanent air quality monitoring (Official Gazette, No.
65/16) and the Regulation on the program of measuring the level of air pollution in the
national network for permanent air quality monitoring (Official Gazette, No. 73/16) 7.
The state network is in the process of modernization and in some areas in the period
2013-2017 expanded the scope of the measure to achieve the scope prescribed by the
Regulation.
Ambient air quality assessment on the territory of the Republic of Croatia 2011-2015
In 2017 a new ambient air quality assessment was proposed, proposing a higher
number of measurement points and extension of the national network measurement
program for permanent air quality monitoring.
Below are the conclusions from the Ambient air quality assessment on the territory of Croatia
2011-2015, DHMZ, November 2017:
SO2
- The quality criteria for the protection of human health and vegetation protection are
met in all zones and agglomerations.
- Upper assesment threshold for human health protection exceeded in zone HR02.
- Upper assesment threshold for vegetation protection exceeded in all zones.
NO2
- The limit value of the mean annual concentration has been exceeded at the Zagreb-
1 station and it is necessary to continue on that station with the measurement of
nitrogen dioxide.
- All zones are below the upper estimate threshold for vegetation protection.
- Upper assesment threshold given the concentration values exceeded in the
agglomeration Zagreb (Zagreb-1) and lower assesment threshold in the
agglomeration Osijek (Osijek-1).
- Upper assesment threshold given the mean annual values of concentrations
exceeded in agglomeration Zagreb (Zagreb-1).
PM10
- The average annual limit value was exceeded in agglomerations Zagreb and Osijek
and in zone HR 02 (Sisak-1, Kutina-1, Slavonski Brod-2).
- The number of days due to the average daily value was exceeded in the
agglomerations Zagreb and Osijek and in zone HR 02 (Sisak-1, Kutina-1, Slavonski
Brod-2) and in 2011 in zone HR 01 (Zoljan).
- Lower and upper assesment thresholds were exceeded in zones HR 01 (Kopacki rit)
and HR 02 (Kutina, Sisak) and in agglomerations Zagreb, Osijek and Rijeka and
lower assesment threshold in zone HR 04.
- Average annual limit value was exceeded in agglomerations Zagreb and Osijek and
in zone HR 02 (Sisak-1, Kutina-1, Slavonski Brod-2) .
7 Previous regulation were: Regulation on the establishment of the list of measurement points for monitoring over the concentration of
certain pollutants in the air and location of monitoring stations in the national network for permanent air quality monitoring (OG 22/14) and the Regulation on the program of measuring the level of air pollution in the national network for permanent air quality monitoring
(OG 103/14, cor. 117/14).
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- The number of days due to the average daily value was exceeded in the
agglomerations Zagreb and Osijek, in zone HR 02 (Sisak-1, Kutina-1, Slavonski
Brod-2) and in 2011 in zone HR 01 (Zoljan).
- Lower and upper assesment thresholds were exceeded in zones HR 01 (Kopački rit)
and HR 02 (Kutina, Sisak) and in the agglomerations of Zagreb, Osijek and Rijeka
and the lower assesment threshold in zone HR 04.
PM2,5
- Limit values and tolerant values were exceeded in Slavonski Brod-1 station.
- Upper assesment threshold was exceeded at the Slavonski Brod-1 station, and the
lower assesment threshold in Kopački rit.
O3
- The target value of ground-level ozone (120 μgm-3) was exceeded in zones HR 01,
HR 03, HR 04 and HR 05 and agglomerations Zagreb and Rijeka
- Parameter AOT40 was exceeded in zones HR 01, HR 03, HR 04 and HR 05 and
agglomerations Zagreb and Rijeka.
C6H6
- The limit value of the mean annual concentration was exceeded at the Sisak-1
station.
- Lower assesment threshold of mean annual concentration was exceeded in zone
HR02.
H2S
- Permit number of exceedances for hourly limit value was exceeded in Sisak and
Slavonski Brod and on the local station Zagreb-Jakuševac (the quality of life
conditions are impaired).
- Permit daily excedence of daily limit values was exceeded in Slavonski Brod and
on the local station Zagreb-Jakuševac (quality of life conditions jeopardized).
NH3
- Permit number of exceedances for daily limit value was exceeded in Kutina
(conditions of quality of life are impaired).
B(a)P
- Mean annual concentration values were exceeded at stations Zagreb-1, Zagreb-3,
Slavonski Brod-1 and Sisak-1.
- The upper estimate threshold was exceeded at Zagreb-1 and Sisak-1 stations.
AEI – Average Exposure Indicator for PM2,5 concentrations
The Average Exposure Indicator expressed in μg m-3 is based upon measurements in urban
background locations in zones and agglomerations throughout the territory of a state and is
used to check if national exposure reduction target is met. It should be assessed as a three-
calendar year running annual mean concentration averaged over all measurement points
established pursuant to special regulation. AEI for the reference year 2015 is the mean
concentration of years 2013, 2014 and 2015 is 20.6 μg m-3 and is higher than the required
exposure level for 2015, which is 20 μg m-3.
Zones and aglomerations
In the Ambient air quality assessment 2011-2015 was proposed to maintain the spatial
distribution of zones and agglomerations in accordance with the Regulation determining the
zones and agglomerations according to levels of air pollution on Croatian territory, because
the conditions for delimitation with regard to air quality have not changed.
Minimum number of measuring stations for permanent air quality monitoring
One of the criteria for deciding on the need to extend the measurement network is the
pollution level analysis in relation to the estimation thresholds. Summary of the analysis of
the level of pollution compared to the estimation thresholds for the period 2011-2015 is
shown by the pollutants in the tables below.
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Assessment of pollution level in relation to assessment thresholds for human health for the
period 2011-2015 by measurement points of the state network for the continuous monitoring
of air quality according to zones and agglomerations (in the zones with no measurement, the
model results were applied).
Assessment of pollution level in relation to assessment thresholds for human health in the
period 2011-2015 by the measurement points of the state network for the continuous
monitoring of air quality according to zones and agglomerations relating to arsenic,
cadmium, mercury, nickel and polycyclic hydrocarbons in ambient air.
Assessment of contamination levels by critical vegetation levels in the period 2011-2015 by
measurement sites of the state network for permanent air quality monitoring according to
zones. Critical vegetation levels do not apply to agglomeration areas (in the zones without
measurement the model results are applied).
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The Assessment identified the need to increase the scope of measurement in the national grid
for permanent air quality monitoring.
In zone HR 01 there is one measurement point for PM2.5 and one for PM10 since the upper
assessment threshold (GGP) has been exceeded in Kopački rit. Although this non-compliant
only appeared in 2015, the number of measurement points should be increased in order to
meet the criteria of Annex V to Directive 2008/50/EC. It should be noted here that there was
no GGP excedance in this zone between 2006 and 2010 and appears as a new commitment
for the period 2016 - 2020.
In agglomeration HR OS, there is also a lack of measurement point (urban background
location) to be established in the period 2018-2021, through the project of modernizing the
state network.
In agglomeration HR ZG GGP for benzene is exceeded, followed by the need to establish
two additional benzene measurement points in the upcoming period from 2016 to 2020,
which will be ensured through the modernization of the state network. According to the
results of ground-level ozone measurement, the criterion of number of measurement point
was not met. Although there are measurements at urban background location in Velika
Gorica and at urban background location Zagreb-03, measurement data do not have a
satisfactory coverage, so this problem needs to be resolved to avoid non-compliant.
According to the Regulation on number of measurement points, the formal criterion was met
(2 measurement points) but given the criterion of data coverage, only one measurement point
meets this criterion. In addition, in zone HR ZG the establishment of another urban
background location is planned in the period 2018 - 2020, so it is expected that this zone will
not be non-compliant in the future with respect to ground-level ozone. Furthermore, in HR
ZG is non-compliant with respect to benzo(a)pyrene (BaP). Values exceed GGP, so that in
the period from 2018 to 2020, concentrations of floating particlate matter should be analyzed
at another measurement point.
The following table shows the minimum number of measurement points for monitoring of
certain air pollutants that need to be established in accordance with the new Ambient air
quality assessment
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The measurement site for the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOC) on the territory
of the Republic of Croatia has, so far, not been established yet, but is planned for
modernization of the state network (2018-2021).
Concerning the implementation of measures: MPR-3 Adoption of a new regulation on the
establishment the locations of measurement stations in the state network for permanent air
quality monitoring and a list of pollutant concentration monitoring stations for mutual
exchange of information and reporting on the assessment and management of air quality,
MPR-4 Adoption of a new pollution monitoring program at state network stations for
permanent air quality monitoring, and MPR-5 Improvement of the air quality monitoring
system at the national network stations and assurance of measurement and data quality in
2017, a new Regulation and Program were adopted as precondition for the granting of grants
from structural funds for the realization of the project "Improvement and Modernization of
state network for air quality monitoring – AIRQ".
Concerning the realisation of measure MOZ-1 Create a pollutant emission register required
for air quality models in the assessment of pollution with ground-level ozone from which
follows MPR-11 Creation of pollution emission register for small and diffuse sources with
spatial distribution in EMEO high resolution network, a complete register of air pollutant
emissions for small and diffuse sources with spatial distribution in the EMEP high resolution
grid (Chapter 6 of the Plan, preventive measure - MPR-11) was developed.
The results of the measure implementation are available at: https://emep.haop.hr/. The
results give a spatially disaggregated pollutant emissions in the territory of the Republic of
Croatia in the EMEP grid resolution of 0.1°x0.1° (long-lat) for state and zones and in
resolution 500 m x 500 m (long-lat) for agglomerations. Realization of this measure provides
detailed emission data for modeling air quality on a high resolution scale.
Relevant climate
change and
energy policy
priorities (M)
In the first binding period of the Kyoto Protocol, the Republic of Croatia accepted the
individual emission reduction commitment by 5% and fulfilled its obligation. In the second
binding period, from 2013 to 2020, the Republic of Croatia has accepted the obligation to
reduce emissions by 20% compared to the 1990 level as EU joint commitment to reduce the
EU by UNFCCC (Doha Amendment [1]).
The Republic of Croatia, according to the allocation of emission reduction commitments
within the EU, as set out in Decision 406/2009 / EC on the allocation of effort (hereinafter
referred to as ESD), may increase emissions by 2020 by ESD sectors by 11% compared to
2005.
The National Climate Change Policy is stipulated by the Law on Air Protection (Official
Gazette No. 130/11, 47/14, 61/17, 118/18) in Chapter VIII. Monitoring of greenhouse gas
emissions and measures to mitigate and adapt to climate change.
Climate change mitigation is achieved through the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions
through the implementation of the Low Carbon Development Strategy of the Republic of
Croatia, planning documents, gradual limitation of emission allowances to tradable entities,
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measures in all sectors of emission sources, the use of flexible mechanisms of the Kyoto
Protocol and other measures that contribute to mitigation climate change (Article 74 of the
Air Protection Act). Adaptation to climate change is done by implementing adjustment
measures in sectors that are exposed to climate change impacts. The objectives and priorities
for the implementation of climate change adjustment measures have been proposed by the
Draft Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change with the Action Plan.
Within climate change policy, the following are made:
- Draft of the Low Carbon Development Strategy of the Republic of Croatia for the
period up to 2030 with the view of 2050, White Book, May 2017 (MEE),
- Draft of the Climate Change Adjustment Strategy in the Republic of Croatia for the
period up to 2040 with a view to 2070, White Book, September 2017 (MEE).
For these draft strategies, public consultations have been carried out including a strategic
environmental and ecological impact assessment.
The objectives set out in the Draft Low Educational Development Strategy are as follows:
- achieving sustainable development based on knowledge and competitive economy
with low carbon levels and efficient resource use. Increasing employment in the
growing sectors of the economy and the 'green' economy, encouraging regional and
rural development, fostering innovation and technological development, fostering
education, lifelong learning and specialization for the low-carbon economy,
contributing to social inclusion;
- increasing security of energy supply, sustainability of energy supply, increased
availability of energy and reducing energy dependence;
- solidarity by fulfilling the Republic of Croatia's obligations under international
agreements within the EU policy as part of our historical responsibility and
contribution to global goals;
- reducing air pollution and impact on health.
The objectives set out in the Draft Climate Change Adaptation Strategy are as follows:
- reducing the vulnerability of social and natural systems to the negative impacts of
climate change, strengthening their resistance and the ability to recover from these
impacts (long-term goal);
- gathering all relevant institutional, political, economic and social stakeholders to
create strong support for the implementation of joint actions on the implementation
of adjustment measures;
- Integration of the adjustment process, including the implementation of measures,
existing and new policies, programs, plans and other activities implemented at all
levels of governance;
- raise awareness of the importance of climate change and the inability to initiate the
adjustment process in all social segments, which are also the main beneficiaries of
the positive effects of the climate change adaptation process.
The Plan for the air protection, ozone layer and mitigation of climate change in the Republic
of Croatia for the period from 2013 to 2017 defined the general objective of national policy
related to climate change: C4. Reducing and limiting emissions of greenhouse gases and
substances that damage the ozone layer and maintain the level of greenhouse gases.
The Energy Development Strategy of the Republic of Croatia (Official Gazette 130/09) sets
targets for renewable energy sources and energy efficiency. Operational implementation of
the targets is established through the action plans for the use of renewable energy sources
and energy efficiency, which are reported to the European Commission.
The indicative target for limiting total energy consumption in the Republic of Croatia by
2020 is 11.15 Mtoe, 7.0 Mtoe for final energy consumption. For the 2030, at EU level, the
emission reduction is at least 40% lower compared to 1990. This will be done by reducing
the emissions in ETS by 43% compared to 2005 and in the sectors outside the ETS by 30%
compared to 2005. As a result, the Republic of Croatia has reduced emissions in ESD by 7%
compared to 2005.
Relevant policy
priorities in
relevant policy
Relevant policy goals in agriculture
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areas, incl.
agriculture,
industry and
transport (M)
The Rural Development Program of the Republic of Croatia for the period 2014-2020 is the
basic document for rural development policy implementation and includes all programs and
support measures for rural development and defines relevant policy goals in agriculture.
Another valid document that aligns national with EU goals is the National Action Plan of
the Republic of Croatia for Sustainable Use of Pesticides 2013 - 2023.
The Rural Development Program defines 18 measures aimed at increasing the
competitiveness of Croatian agriculture and improving living and working conditions in
rural areas. The measures are further subdivided into subchapters and subtracted to
operations aimed at achieving precisely defined goals.
The most important general objectives of operations from the Rural Development Program
relevant to the issue of air pollution control or indirectly to reduce emissions of pollutants
arising from agricultural practices can be summarized as follows:
Counseling and Vocational Training for Multiple Compliance, a package of
measures for agriculture, environment and climate change, ecological farming.
Restructuring, modernization and increased competitiveness of agricultural
holdings through battalion investments in ecological primary agriculture and
processing of agricultural products (eg investment in buying new agricultural
machinery and equipment and vehicles, animal facilities, enclosed / protected
areas, facilities for annual and multi-annual crops, seeds and planting material,
warehousing and packaging of products.
Disposal, handling and use of manure fertilizer for the purpose of reducing
environmental impacts (eg construction of manure and digestate storage facilities
including manure and digestate handling and utilization equipment and
investments in improving the efficiency of fertilizer use (loading machinery and
equipment, transport and application of fertilizers).
Use of renewable energy sources (investments in the construction and / or
equipping of facilities for energy production, facilities for reception, processing
and storage of raw materials for the processing, storage, transport and application
of outbound substrates for organic fertilization.
Non-productive investments related to environmental conservation (eg soil erosion
control (investment in the construction of terraces, lifting of drywall and hedges),
construction of new and renewal of existing cattle dwellings, investment in
construction and / or equipping of new irrigation systems on the farm and
improvement existing farming systems / irrigation equipment), as well as the
payment of agricultural, environmental and climate change obligations (eg soil
cultivation and sowing in the field with annual oriental crop rotation, rotation of
crops, establishment of lane strips).
Organic farming encouragement through payments to maintain practices and
ecological farming methods.
Support for pilot projects and for the development of new products, procedures,
processes and technologies.
The program includes activities that also apply to air emissions:
Quality systems for agricultural products and food
Investments in physical assets
Restoration of agricultural production potential disturbed by elemental disasters
and catastrophic events and the introduction of appropriate preventive activities
Development of agricultural holdings and businesses
Basic Services and Rural Reclamation in Rural Areas
Investing in the development of forest areas and improving the sustainability of
forests
Establishment of producer groups and organizations
Agriculture, environment and climate change
Ecological breeding
Payments to areas with natural limitations or other special restrictions
Cooperation
Risk management
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Support for Local Development within the Leadership Initiative (clld - local
community development)
Relevant policy goals in industry
Relevant industrial policy goals are integrated into the Industrial Strategy of the Republic of
Croatia for the period 2014-2020. The industrial strategy represents any form of intervention
or state policy aimed at improving the business environment, or changing the structure of
economic activity according to the sectors, technologies or tasks expected of greater
contribution to economic growth or social well-being than would be the case if the
intervention did not exist. The strategy outlined general and other goals that would have an
impact on air emissions with its application.
General goals:
Increase the share of highly educated workforce in the total number of employees
in the industry in order to achieve higher productivity of the domestic industry
Increasing investment in research and development which is generally accepted by
contributing to innovation
Increase investments in fixed capital that need to track new employment and
increase capital adequacy and amortization of existing investments
Other goals:
Volume of industrial production increase at an average annual rate of 2.85%
Growth of the number of new employees by 85,619 by the end of 2020, of which
at least 30% of highly educated
Workforce productivity growth by 68.9% in the period 2014-2020.
Increase of exports by 30% in 2014-2020 and change of export structure in favor
of exports of high value added products
In the Industrial Strategy, in general and other objectives environmental goals have not been
directly outlined. The reason for the lack of environmental targets is the unavailability of the
Environmental Management Strategy, although it is considered to have an impact on the
development of the industry. Indirectly it is stated that industrial policy is based on the
importance of interactivity between the modern high technology industry and the growing
service sector, industry and the environment. Legislation developed by Western industrial
nations requires compliance with high standards of environmental protection and human
health in production processes. Such legislation in developed countries imposed additional
pressure on the profitability of the industry.
Relevant traffic policy goals
Relevant traffic policy objectives are presented in the Transport Development Strategy of
the Republic of Croatia (2017-2030). The development of transport infrastructure in the
Republic of Croatia is considered to be extremely important for economic and social growth
as well as for international connectivity. Transport infrastructure is an instrument of regional
development that triggers the exchange of goods and better accessibility to all economic,
health, tourist and other amenities. In developing general and specific objectives, the
Strategy has taken into account the already published European strategy and the
requirements related to environmental protection and climate protection.
The general objectives which will directly and indirectly affect air emissions and air quality
by their implementation are:
Promote the distribution of passenger transport in support of public transport (PT)
and forms of transport with zero emission of harmful gases
Promote the distribution of freight traffic in favor of rail and maritime traffic and
inland waterway transport
Develop a traffic system (management, organization and development of
infrastructure and maintenance) according to the principle of economic viability
Reduce the impact of the transport system on climate change
Reducing the impact of the transport system on the environment (environmental
sustainability)
Increase the security of the transport system
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Increase the interoperability of the transport system (PT, rail, road, maritime and
air traffic and inland waterway traffic)
Improve the integration of transport modes in Croatia (management, ITS, VTMIS,
P & R, etc.)
Further develop the Croatian part of the TEN-T network (basic and
comprehensive).
In addition to the general objectives, specific objectives for specific transport sectors have
been defined:
Better match traffic management with neighboring countries (BiH - Port of Ploče,
road and rail links from BiH, Slovenia, Serbia, Italy, Montenegro and Hungary)
To complement, where applicable, the development of the tourism sector as the
main economic factor in adequate traffic development in particular parts of Croatia,
particularly in support of the PT and green mobility
Improve access to remote parts of Croatia (eg islands, Southern Dalmatia ...)
Develop the potential of major logistics centers (Luke Rijeka, Split ports, Ploče
ports, Vukovar ports, Osijek port, Slavonski Brod port, Zagreb branch)
Strengthen Croatia's position as a logistics hub of the wider region, with a special
emphasis on Zagreb
Improve the integration of the transport sector into socio-economic trends in the
region (concept of functional regions, FR)
Urban, suburban and regional traffic
Develop the potential of public road transport (regional and state) where other
forms of public transport are not profitable
Increase the competitiveness of the tram system in Zagreb and Osijek
Better integrate the international / national transport system into local and
regional transport systems (passenger hubs, integrated billing system, etc.)
Increase efficiency and reduce the economic impact of public transport
management and organization
Increasing the attractiveness of public transport through the improvement of
fleet management and modernization concepts
Traffic and Logistics Management and Information
Overview / Update of Local / Regional Major Plans (Master Plans))
Railway traffic
Enhance the railway freight corridor from Rijeka to markets with the greatest
potential for the port (Hungary, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovakia, Italy, South
Poland and Serbia)
Better use of the Croatian railway system in larger Croatian agglomerations
(Zagreb, Rijeka, Split, Varaždin, Osijek) and within and between functional
regions (subregions)
Improve the level of service of the railway fleet and its impact on the
environment
Better integrate the rail system into local traffic systems (station security and
protection, links to other modes of transport, etc.)
Increasing safety on rail-road crossings
Increase the efficiency of the Croatian railway system (traffic management,
business operations, etc.)
Ensure the maintenance of infrastructure, taking into account aspects of
economy.
Road traffic
Improve the safety of the road transport system
Better use of the Croatian road system in the context of public transport (buses
in the local, regional and state system)
Reduce the impact of the oldest shares of the Croatian motorway network on
the environment
Optimize and match different toll collection systems in Croatia
Improve technical requirements in road design with emphasis on more
economical technical solutions, safety standards, green mobility and
integration of transport modes with zero emission of harmful gases
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Increasing the road accessibility of areas where existing infrastructure has
reached the upper limit of permeable power, and alternative modes of transport
(public rail and coastal line) are not economically justified (tourist centers in
Adriatic Croatia), including the introduction of a sustainable transport concept
in favor of public transport and forms transport with zero emission of harmful
gases
Increase connectivity with neighboring countries in order to increase
cooperation and territorial integration to a higher level
Increase the availability of areas in Croatia where the upper limit of permeable
power has been reached and where there is no alternative road infrastructure
(parallel highways, etc.) - from Zagreb to Bjelovar and Varaždin in the
direction of Koprivnica and Krapina.
Reduce traffic congestion in heavily loaded agglomerations, taking into
account the special rules that apply to the protection of national heritage.
Air traffic
Support the development of the "Franjo Tuđman" Airport with the aim of
preserving the accessibility of the Croatian capital from abroad
Improve the operation and reliability of the Dubrovnik Airport to preserve
accessibility to Southern Dalmatia
Improve the availability of airports, particularly by public transport
Improve the safety standard in airports and air traffic
Match the requirements for entry into the Schengen area (where applicable)
Sea traffic
Encourage development and raise the competitiveness of the port of Rijeka as
the main Croatian seaport
Reduce the impact of maritime transport on the environment (fleet
development, environmental protection and measures to prevent and combat
pollution from marine facilities)
Increase the distribution of freight transport on over-coastal Adriatic and
coastal routes in favor of maritime transport
Increase the reliability of maritime traffic (public transport and supply chains)
in demanding weather conditions
Improve the efficiency and economy of the maritime transport system
Improve maritime transport security
Improve the integration of ports into the local transport system (passenger and
cargo)
The Strategy prescribes that all infrastructure projects that derive from the measures should
be planned taking into account the potential climatic phenomena in the area of
implementation of the measure.
Relevant policy objectives in waste sector
The main objectives of waste management in Croatia derive from the assessment of the state
of waste management and the obligations deriving from EU legislation and regulations
transposed into national legislation.
The implementation and establishment of a complete waste management system in Croatia
is enabled by the application and fulfillment of the objectives defined by the Waste
Management Act (Official Gazette 94/13 and 73/17) and the Waste Management Plan of the
Republic of Croatia for the period 2017-2022 (National newspapers, issue 3/17).
The Law on Sustainable Waste Management is the main law regulating waste management
issues in the Republic of Croatia. There are a number of regulations adopted in accordance
with the Law, some of them regulating certain waste management activities, and some
regulate the management of special waste categories.
Temeljem ocjene postojećeg stanja u gospodarenju otpadom i obveza koje RH mora postići
sukladno EU i nacionalnom zakonodavstvu, Planom gospodarenja otpadom definirani su
ciljevi koje je potrebno postići do 2022. godine, u odnosu na 2015. godinu:
Based on the assessment of the existing state of the waste management and the obligations
that the Republic of Croatia must achieve in accordance with EU and national legislation,
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the Waste Management Plan has defined the goals to be achieved by 2022, compared to
2015:
1. Improve the municipal waste management system
- Reduce the total amount of municipal waste produced by 5%
- Separately collect 60% of the mass of municipal waste produced (primarily paper,
glass, plastic, metal, biotope etc.)
- Separate to collect 40% of the mass produced bio-waste, which is an integral part
of municipal waste
- Put landfills less than 25% of the mass of municipal waste produced
2. Improve the management system of special categories of waste
- Separate collect 75% of the mass of construction waste produced
- Establish wastewater treatment system from sewage treatment plants
- Improve the packaging waste management system
- Establish a Marine Waste Management System
- Establish a Waste Management System for Waste Ships, Wrecks and Sunken Sea
Seas
- Improve the management system of other special categories of waste
3. Improve the hazardous waste management system
4. Remediate waste-contaminated sites
5. Continually carry out educational and informative activities
6. Enhance the information system of waste management
7. Enhance the management of waste management
8. Improve management practices in waste management
The 2018 Waste Package introduces changes to EU waste management regulations by
introducing more ambitious targets for member states in order to promote the transition to a
circular economy.
The aim of the changes to the Directives included in the Waste Package is gradually to
equalize the best practices in all Member States and to stimulate the necessary investment in
waste management and to enable the rotating economy from production to consumption,
repair and reprocessing, waste management and returning useful raw materials to the
economy. Since the circular economy encourages the use of production processes that
consume less material and energy resources, uses waste-free resources and includes full
recycling at the end of life-cycle of products, it indirectly affects emissions and air quality -
develops a sustainable and competitive economy with low greenhouse gas emissions and
other pollutants, contributes to reducing environmental degradation and resource
consumption as well as destruction of biodiversity.
On July 4, 2018, new EU rules entered into force with legally binding targets for waste
recycling and reduction of waste disposal with fixed deadlines for Member States that have
to adjust the national legislation for moving to a circular economy in the next two years.
Croatia is obliged to transpose the Waste Directive into its legislation by 5 July 2020.
Any other
relevant national
policy objectives
and priorities for
the NAPCP:
Government Programme of the Republic of Croatia by 2020
As an important valid document defining development policy by 2020, the Government
Programme of the Republic of Croatia for the 2016-2020 mandate is outlined.
Underlying objectives are:
o Achieving a stable and permanent economic growth;
o creating new and quality jobs;
o stopping emigration and demographic renewal;
o social justice and solidarity.
In the field of ecology, sustainable development and environmental protection, the
following specific objectives are outlined:
o protection of Croatian natural resources;
o integrated water management and protection of national water resources;
o adaptation to climate condititions;
o efficient waste management.
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In the field of energy, the Energy Development Strategy is in the process of
development, and the prominent, specific objectives are:
o improving the security of oil supply in Croatia and the EU;
o improving the security of gas supply in Croatia and the EU.
In the field of demographic development, population policy and revitalization,
specific objectives are:
o Encouraging an increase in birth rates by securing minimal and raising existing
living standards;
o Housing care for families on favorable terms.
National Development Strategy
In 2017, the Law on the system of strategic planning and managing the development
of the Republic of Croatia was adopted (Official Gazette, No. 123/17). This Law
regulates the system of strategic planning of the Republic of Croatia and the
management of public policies, namely the preparation, composition,
implementation, reporting, monitoring of implementation and impacts and the
evaluation of strategic planning documents for the design and implementation of
public policies which, in accordance with their competencies, are drafted, adopted
and implemented by public authorities. The National Development Strategy is the
highest hierarchical document. It si followed by multi-sectoral and sectoral strategies,
and by plans and programs. Currently, the strategic development of the Republic of Croatia is based on a series
of multi-sectoral and sectoral strategies and plans and programs, while the first
National Development Strategy by 2030 is in preparation. It should be adopted by
2020.
Energy strategy
The current Energy Development Strategy of the Republic of Croatia has set three
underlying energy objectives:
o Security of energy supply;
o Competitiveness of the energy system;
o Sustainability of energy development.
Considering the changes in a number of internal and external factors since the
adoption of the Strategy in 2009, the need for developing a new Strategy has been
recognized. The new Strategy is in preparation and its adoption is expected in 2020.
Environmental protection plan
The Environmental Protection Plan of the Republic of Croatia for the period 2016-
2023 is being drafted. The plan has not yet been adopted, while the following
priorities have been identified in a draft of the plan (Ministry of Environment and
Energy (MEE), 2016):
I. Protection, preservation and improvement of values of natural goods and the
environment;
II. Encouraging sustainable production and consumption;
III. Protecting the citizens from pressures and dangers to their health and weel-
being associated with the environment;
IV. Strengthening the institutional and legislative framework;
V. Better connection of knowledge, information management system and
environmental policy;
VI. Development of economic instruments and financing;
VII. Improving sustainability of cities;
VIII. Promoting sustainable development at the European and international level
according to the Strategy for Sustainable Development of the Republic of Croatia
(Official gazette, No. 30/09).
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3.2.1. KOHERENCE OF INVENTORIES AND PROJECTIONS
The National Air Pollution Control Programme pursuant to Article 19 (2) of the NEC Regulation
should be coherent with related plans and programmes established on the basis of the requirements
laid down in the legislation of the Republic of Croatia or EU legislation. Since the national emission
inventories and emission projections are also the dana basis on which plans and programmes are
developed, it is necessary for them to be coherent with each other, ie. that the air pollutant inventory
and greenhouse gas inventory be coherent and that they be coherent with projections, as well as that
pollutant emission projections be coherent with greenhouse gas emission projections. The coherence
of this type is ensured through the following:
the data sources and underlying activity data are consistent with those developed in related
policy areas (e.g. use of the same energy models, data on agricultural productivity, population
growth, GDP, number of households, etc.) and
the assumptions made on the already adopted PaMs are consistent across policy areas.
In addition to this, coherence is ensured through the reporting of inventories, projections and impacts
on air quality must be undertaken according to the established templates and guidelines to achieve
maximum consistency in reporting between Member States. The National Air Pollution Control
Programme should be consistent with Member State reporting under other obligations including in
particular:
national emission inventory and projections reported by Member States annually/every 4
years to the UNECE under CLRTAP,
national pollutants register reported annually to the Commission under the E-PRTR,
national GHG emission inventory and projections reported (bi)annually to the Commission
and to UNFCCC under the Kyoto Protocol and MRR.
information reported annually to the Commission on ambient air quality in accordance with
Annex XVI of the AAQD.
Coherence of data sources and activity data in inventories and projections
Activity data needed for the pollutant emission calculation emissions are collected from the Croatian
Environmental Information System, official annual publications and databases of the Central Bureau
of Statistics and relevant ministries and institutions. For some sub-sectors and categories of emission
sources, more detailed activity data is needed that are available from in official publications (eg
energy balance, distribution of road vehicles by category, etc.). Mostly the same sets of data are used
for the air pollutant inventories preparation and greenhouse gas inventories preparation. This is
checked during the annual detailed inventory review in accordance with the NEC Directives and, in
a case of discrepancies, for the next annual submission, harmonization is being carried out.
The first such detailed technical review in accordance with the NEC Directive was carried out in 2017
for emission inventory with 2015 as the last historic year. Earlier harmonizations were carried out
according to the report for the Stage 3 in-depht centralized review coordinated by EMEP Center on
Emission Inventories and Projections (CEIP) that is acting as review secretariati n accordance with
the UNECE LRTAP Convention and EU NEC Directives. The Republic of Croatia was reviewd in
two such centralized reviews in 2011 and 2014.
The projections that form an integral part of this Programme are made on the basis of the
EMEP/EEA guidelines under the LRTAP Convention and in accordance with the latest
available yearly inventory for 2016. Emission data and activity data are taken from the last
submitted inventory to the European Commission and the Secretariat of the LRTAP
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Convention in February 2018. Thereby, a requirement that the calculated projections should
be consistent with the last reported inventory is fulfilled.
The preparation of projections covered three basic steps:
The first step: Determining the key emission sources for each pollutant and its share in the
total emission,
The second step: Inclusion of activity data from available development plans,
The third step: where development plans were not available, the future activity data were
assumed. This is elaborated for observed pollutants and key sectors.
The methodology used for emission projections is identical to the emission calculation methodology.
The emissions are the result of the multiplication of activity data (eg fuel consumption, production
statistics, animal numbers, processed waste, etc.) and the associated emission factor. In order to
enable integrated modeling, which includes the possibility of simultaneous estimation of important
impacts of the low carbon development scenarios of the Republic of Croatia and the measures to
reduce pollutants emissions, numerous models for simulation and optimization were applied, and an
integral model called NUSPCRO (Low Strategic Planning of Croatia) was developed. As a basis for
the integrated NUSPCRO modeling, the LEAP (Long Range Energy Alternatives Planning system)
software was used, an integrated modeling tool that was used for energy policy analysis and climate
change mitigation and modeling energy consumption, energy transformation and extraction of row
materials. It was also used to calculate energy and non-energy emissions in all sectors of the economy.
Scenarios are made on the base of a large number of input data and methodology for impact
calculation. Thereat, the influences of the economy, PaMs and technologies and changes in the
behavior of the inhabitants are modeled. Depending on the goals that are to be analyzed, results in
specific scenarios may be indicator of the need for the simulation of additional measures in order to
achieve the target emission reductions or to examine the optimal combination of emission reduction
measures. Additional iterations examine the sensitivity on changes in parameters.
As a result, greenhouse gas emissions projections, projections of pollutant emissions, costs, external
costs and employment impact are generated, which can then be evaluated on a monetary basis to gain
an integrated cost and benefit analysis. Consistent relationships and methodologies used allow a
consistent comparability of scenarios to assess the boundary effects of individual PaMs.
Besides for the preparation of projections for the Programme, NUSPCRO model was (or will be) used
in preparation of following documents:
- Report on the projections of greenhouse gas emissions Republic of Croatia,
- Report on implementation of policies and measures that reduce greenhouse gas emissions by
sources and enhance removals by sinks Republic of Croatia,
- the Republic of Croatia draft Low-Carbon Development Strategy.
Coherence of emission projections with other obligations
The national inventory is prepare on an annual basis, while emissions projections, although are
submitted yearly, are prepared every two years. For the preparation of projections, the data from the
last available inventory, which is in this case the inventory for 2016, are taken and therefore the
calculated projections are completely consistent with the emissions from the last reported inventory.
The projections are made in accordance with the Greenhouse Gas Projections Report, which
are being prepared in accordance with the Regulation on monitoring of greenhouse gas
emissions, PaMs for their reduction in the Republic of Croatia. Activity data, assumptions and
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input parameters are fully consistent with the most recently submitted Report on projections
of greenhouse gas emissions8.
By comparing projections of pollutant emissions with greenhouse gas emission projections in the
Republic of Croatia, it can be said that they are completely coherent. The Republic of Croatia reports
emissions and projections of greenhouse gas emissions into the EU, the UNFCCC and projections of
air pollutants emissions into the EU and the CLRTAP. The most recently published Report on
greenhouse gas emission projections in the Republic of Croatia as well as the Report on
implementation of PaMs was published in March 2017. These Reports were also used as a basis for
the preparation of air pollutants emissions projections. Therefore, all the activity data needed to
prepare air pollutants emissions projections are based on identical initial assumptions and parameters
as well as for the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions.
Within the document Tehnical basis for developing low-carbon development strategy of the Republic
of Croatian for the period up to 2030 with the view to 2050 with the Action Plan, two scenarios for
the projection of greenhouse gases have been defined, which were also used for the preparation of air
pollutants emissions projections. It is important to note that preparation of the scenarios took into
account the importance of technologies and measures for pollutant emission reduction. The scenario
for achieving goals is described in detail in Chapter 4.
Existing PaMs for reducing or limiting emissions are listed in Chapter 4 and Annex 1 of the Program.
All the information in Chapters 4 and 5 is taken from the document Tehnical basis for developing
low-carbon development strategy of the Republic of Croatian for the period up to 2030 with the view
to 2050 with the Action Plan, the Green Book.
Coherence with the annual application to the Commission under E-PRTR Regulation
Regulation (EC) No. 166/2006 of the European Parliament and the Council on establishing European
pollutant release and transfer register, amending the Council Directives 91/689/EEC and 96/61/EC
(hereinafter E-PRTR Regulation), entered into force on January 18, 2006, and has been implemented
by the Ordinance on the environmental pollution register (OG, 87/15) (hereinafter the ROO
Ordinance).
According to Article 5 of the E-PRTR Regulation, operators of plants that are carrying out one or
more activities at the location from Annex I of the E-PRTR Regulation, are obliged to submit
informations on releases and transfer of pollutants into the air, soil and waste water, if the applicable
capacity threshold(s) and the threshold(s) for releasing and/or transmitting pollutants of the table of
Annex II of the mentioned Regulation, ie informations on the occurence of 2 tonnes of hazardous
waste or 2,000 tonnes of non-hazardous waste on annual basis.
The E-PRTR Regulation is the key instrument in meeting Aarhus9 Convention requirements, given
the public ability to engage in further development of the register and in the preparation of
amendments.
The data carrier obligator into ROO, in accordance with the ROO Ordinance, is obliged to check
whether he is also obliged to submit data according to the E-PRTR Regulation.
Applicable capacity threshold(s) for the transfer of pollutants from the place of discharge to the waste
waters, column 1b of the table from Annex II of the E-PRTR Regulation, ori n the case of waste.
8 CAEN, June 2017
9 Aarhus Convention – Convention on acces to information, public participation in decision-making and acces to justice in
environmental matters, signatory by the Republic of Croatia in 1998 and ratification in December 2006.
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When drafting the Air pollutant report for large point sources, the emissions reported in ROO
database are used, which ensures the coherence of emission data reported in the E-PRTR and
in the inventory of pollutant emissions.
Coherence with inventory of greenhouse gas emissions
The Regulation on monitoring of greenhouse gas emissions, PaM for their reduction in the Republic
of Croatia (Official Gazette No. 5/17) prescribes the obligation and emission monitoring procedures,
which include assessment and reporting on all anthropogenic emissions and outflows. The monitoring
of greenhouse gas emissions is regulated by Article 75 of the Air Protection Act.
The NIR is prepared in accordance with the UNFCCC reporting guidelines on annual Inventories as
adopted by the COP by its Decision 24/CP.19. The methodologies used in the calculation of emissions
are based on the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (IPCC Guidelines)
and the IPCC Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories (IPCC Good Practice Guidance) prepared by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change (IPCC).
Institutional arrangement for inventory preparation in Croatia is regulated in Chapter II of the
Regulation on the Monitoring of Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Policies and Mitigation Measures in the
Republic of Croatia (Official Gazette No. 5/17) entitled National system for the estimation and
reporting of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks. Institutional
arrangements for inventory management and preparation in Croatia could be characterized as
decentralized and out-sourced with clear tasks breakdown between participating institutions including
Ministry of Environment and Energy (MZOE), Croatian Agency for the Environment and Nature
(HAOP) and competent governmental bodies responsible for providing of activity data. The
preparation of inventory itself is entrusted to Authorised Institution, which is elected for three-year
period by public tendering. Committee for inter-sectorial coordination for national system for
monitoring of GHG emission (National System Committee) is included in the approval process; its
members provide their opinion on certain parts of the Inventory within the frame of their speciality.
Members of the National System Committee are nominated by the authorized Ministries upon the
request of the MZOE. In addition to inventories, greenhouse gas emissions are reported by the Central
Bureau of Statistics in the Statistical Yearbook publication and the European Commission as part of
the emissions calculation. The reporting basis in all of the above publications is the Greenhouse
Inventory and therefore the emissions in the publications are fully aligned with the Inventory.
The European Technical Experts' Revision Team (TERT) carries out an annual review of national
inventories of greenhouse gas emissions that are relevant for monitoring the reduction or limitation
of greenhouse gas emissions in accordance with Articles 3 and 7 of the ESD. Furthermore, the State
is required to provide a short estimate of whether the emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur
dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds in stocks submitted by the
Member State under Directive 2001/81/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and the
UNECE Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution in accordance with appropriate
GHG emissions estimates under Regulation 525/2013.
If there are certain non-conformities, the Technical Expert Audit Team may carry out audits
of the data submitted pursuant to Article 7 of Regulation 525/2013. This ensures coherence with
the inventory of greenhouse gas emissions.
Coherence with greenhouse gas emission projections
The Report on GHG emission projections is an integral part of the national monitoring system for the
implementation of PaM to reduce GHG emissions and GHG emission projections in relation to the
fulfilment of commitments under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
Air Pollution Control Programme MZOE
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The Republic of Croatia is obliged to report to the European Commission on the monitoring of
implementation of PaMs and emission projections, based on the regulations applicable to all Member
States. Legal basis for drafting the report in national legislation is contained in Article 75 (paragraph
3) of the Law on Air Protection .
Regulation 525/2013 and Implementing Regulation of the Commission no. 749/2014, are valid EU
regulations that lay down the obligations and reporting methods of Member States.
The content of the Report is prescribed in Article 14 of Commission's Implementing Regulation no.
749/2014. Reports and projections of GHG emisssion by sources and their removals by sinks for 2017
contains:
projections in 'without measures', 'with existing measures' and 'with additional measures'
scenarios, by greenhouse gases and sectors,
emission projections of ETS and non-ETS sector,
description of PaMs included in projections,
description of methodology, models, assumptions and activity data for developing of
projections,
sensitivity analysis of projections depending on the activity data.
The method and conditions for the implementation of ordinance that regulates monitoring of GHG
emissions are prescribed by the Implementing Regulation which additionally define the scope of the
Report in Article 23. Annex XII of the Implementing Regulation sets out parameters in projections
that must be included in the report.
Currently valid Projection Report was developed in 2017 and it includes projections of emissions by
sources and their removal by sinks for 2015, 2020, 2025, 2030 and 2035.
For the preparation of the Report on GHG emission projections for 2017, following data sources for
the parameters were used:
CRF SECTOR DATA TYPE DATA SOURCE
General
parameters
GDP – yearly growth rate
Population
Coal price
Crude oil price
Natural gas price
European Commission recommendations
Energy Fuel consumption
Electricity generation
Electricity imports
Final energy demand
National Action Plan for Renewable Energy
Sources
Third National Energy Efficiency Action Plan
for the Republic of Croatia for the 2014-2016
Transport Number of passenger kilometres
Cargo transport
Energy demand in transport sector
Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Croatia
Industry Production index
Sectorial studies (cement and nitric acid
production)
Use of solvents
Inventory Report of air pollutants on the
Croatian territory under the Convention on
Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution
(CLRTAP)
Agriculture Number and type of livestock Expert judgement – Faculty of Agriculture,
Zagreb, and Ministry of Agriculture
Plant production National Bureau of Statistics
Statistical reports on plant production
FAOSTAT database
LULUCF Land area of each sub-category NIR 2014
Air Pollution Control Programme MZOE
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CRF SECTOR DATA TYPE DATA SOURCE
The assumed emission factors by sinks CFR 2014
Waste The amount of produced municipal waste
The amount of municipal waste disposed of
at landfill
The organic fraction of municipal solid waste
Sustainable Waste Management Act
Waste Management Plan of the Republic of
Croatia
Projections were developed according to the Report on GHG emission projections which is
prepared under the Regulation on monitoring of the GHG emissions, and policies and measures
for their mitigation in the Republic of Croatia. Activitiy data, assumptions and input
parameters are completely consistent with the latest submitted Report on GHG emission
projections10, thus ensuring the coherence with GHG emission projections.
Coherence with air quality informations which are exchanged via e-reporting in accordance
with the IPR Implementing Decision
On 12 December 2011, the European Commission adopted the Implementing Decision 2011/850/EU
laying down rules for the implementation of Directives 2004/107/EC and 2008/50/EC of the
European Parliament and of the Council (hereinafter: the IPR Implementing Decision) on obligations
of Member States on reporting about air quality assesment and management, mutual exchange of
informations on networks and stations, and air quality measurements (entered into force on 1 January
2014).
The Decision stipulates a new reporting mechanism (e-reporting), more accurate and more modern
than the current reporting methods. All required informations have to be prepared and delivered in
standardized machine-readable form (XML format) and coordinated with requirements of the
Directive 2007/2/EC on the establishment of a spatial information infrastructure in the European
Community (INSPIRE). Informations are delivered on EIONET Central Data Repository (CDR),
which is accessible through the AQ Portal established by the EC and mantained and managed by the
EEA. The protal contains all news, guidelines and instructions connected to e-reporting.
Ordinance on mutual exchange of informations, reporting on air quality and the obligations for
implementation of the Commission Decision (Official gazette, No. 3/16) stipulates the assignments
of the Ministry and other bodies connected to the method, deadlines, content and the data format, as
well as the method of collecting the data for mutual exchange of information and reporting on the
assesment and management of air quality.
To meet the targets for e-reporting, it is necessary to collect and to correctly sort all air quality data
that are needed for the exchange. For this purpose, HAOP (Croatina agency for the environment and
nature) developed and established the portal ''Air quality in the Republic of Croatia''. the portal can
be accessed via following link: http://iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/index.html and it contains all data on
concentrations of the pollutants in air, measured on the entire territory of the Republic of Croatia. The
system enables the submission of air quality informations in a standardized data exchange format, in
the data repository of the European Commission and the EEA, in accordance with the CAFE and
INSPIRE Directive requirements, and for the first time in 2014, the air quality data (B – G) for the
2013 have been submitted to the data repository of the EC. The portal fully meets the given
criteria and it enables complete submission of all air quality data to the EC.
For the exchange of informations and for the reporting on the assessment and management of air
quality, the data on concentration of pollutants are used that are obtained from the measurements at
the measuring stations determined in Articles 4 to 6 of the Regulation on establishment of the list of
10 CAEN, June 2017
Air Pollution Control Programme MZOE
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measurement points for monitoring over the concentration of certain pollutants in the air and location
of monitoring stations in the national network for permanent air quality monitoring (Official gazette,
No. 65/16). Except for the concentrations of pollutants obtained at the constant measuring points, the
data obtained by indicative measurements, modeling and by the objective evaluation techniques can
also be used for reporting. The Member State is obliged to submit all required informations in the
reporting year for the previous year.
For all submitted oversteppings of the limit values GV (G data), informations on the Action plans for
air quality improvements must also be submitted to the EC, while for the exceedance of target CV
values only the measures are submitted.
The Air pollution control programme took over the informations that are available at the Portal
''Air quality in the Republic of Croatia'' (http://iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/index.html) and it is, in this
way, coherent with the informations that are annually reported to the Commission in
accordance with the IPR Implementing Decision.
3.2.2. COHERENCE WITH PLANS AND PROGRAMMES
Republic of Croatia through the Law on strategic planning system and management of devepolment
of the Republic of Croatia (Official gazette, No. 123/17) stipulates the management of public policies,
ie the preparation, development and the implementation of public policies that are developed, adopted
and implemented in accordance with their competencies through public bodies. Mid-term acts of
strategic planning are the National Development Strategy, multi-sectoral and sectoral strategies.
Below are listed the general deadlines for adoption of some national acts that represent 'umbrella' acts
for the strategic planning of state and are relevant for the adoption and implementation of this
programme:
- National Development Strategy (by the end of 2020)
- Integrated Energy Climate Plan (by the end of 2019)
- Low-Carbon Development Strategy of the Republic of Croatia (by the 2020)
- Energy Strategy of the Republic of Croatia (by the middle of 2019)
- Environmental Protection Plan (2019)
Local communities are responsible for enact programmes for environmental protection with the air
protection programmes, which are their integral components. Local plans also integrate the issues of
adaptation to climate changes.
Each national plan and programme goes through the obligation of strategic environmental impact
assessment and the impact assessment on the ecological network, and in these documents is also
evaluated the compliance with the „umbrella“ and sectoral strategies.
Coherence with action plans to improve air quality
The provisions of Article 46, Paragraphs 1 and 2 of the Law on Air Protection (Official gazette, No.
130/11, 47/14, 61/17, 118/18) stipulate that if, in any specific zone or agglomeration, levels of
pollutants in the air exceed any limit or target value, in each of these cases the representative body of
local government unit (JLS), or city of Zagreb respectively, shall enact an action plan for improving
of air quality for that specific zone or agglomeration in order to ensure the achievement of limit or
target values as soon as possible. The representative body of local government unit, or city of Zagreb
respectively, enacts Action plan for their administrative area. Action plan for the improvement of air
quality may additionally include special measures aimed at protecting vulnerable groups of the
population, including children.
Air Pollution Control Programme MZOE
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The obligation of the Republic of Croatia is to submit data on action plans for the improvement of air
quality to European Environmental Agency / European Commission (EEA / EC) for the zones and
agglomerations where limit and target values have been exceeded.
This programme includes an analysis of action plans for improving the air quality that are submitted
to the EEA/EC using informations on the implementation of action plans for improving the air quality
available at the Portal ''Air quality in the Republic of Croatia'' (link: http://iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/).
Additionally, for the need of the analysis, local communities were asked to review the status of the
implementation of Action Plans, or the implemented measures respectively and (eventually planned)
activities related to the implementation of measures from all action plans for improving of air quality
registered in e-reporting.
Overview of action plans according to reports in the e-reporting system (data set H) is given in the
table 2-1, and an overview of the measures from action plans according to the reports in e-reporting
system (data set K) in Table 2-2. In Table 2-2 an overview of the measures according to the reporting
year is given, whereby the report for the calendar year YYYY refers to the implementation of
measures in the year YYYY-2 (for example, in the reporting year 2015, the implementation of the
measures in 2013 is described).
Table 2-1: Overview of the action according to the e-reporting system (data set H)
Action plan Zone City
(JLS)
Pollutants
covered by
the plan
Measuring
stations for
evaluation of
compliance
Date of
adaption
Period covered
by plan
Action plan for
improvement of air
quality in the city of
Slavonski Brod
HR 2 Slavons
ki Brod PM2.5
Slavonski
Brod-1 04.07.2016 2016 - 2020
Action plan for
mitigation of PM10
emissions in the city of
Kutina
HR 2 Kutina PM10 Kutina-1 17.12.2015 2015 - 2020.
Action plan for
mitigation of PM10
particle pollution for the
city of Osijek
HR OS Osijek PM10 Osijek-1 01.01.2014 2014 - 2020
Action plan for
improvement of air
quality on the territory of
the city of Zagreb*
HR ZG Zagreb
PM10
BaP(PM10)
NO2,
PM2.5
O3
Zagreb-1,
Zagreb-3 27.03.2015
I. phase: 2015 -
2017
II.phase: 2018 –
2020, operative
until 2023
Action plan for the
mitigating concentration
levels of PM10 particles
in the city of Sisak
HR 2 Sisak PM10 Sisak-1 01.01.2014 2014 - 2017
Note: The action plan for the city of Zagreb is prepared on the basis of exceedance of the limit values on two
stations of national network and six stations of the local network.
National Air Pollution Control Programme MZOE
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Table 2-2: Overview of the measures from action plans according to reports in the e-reporting system (data set K)
Agglome
-ration
Pollu
-tant
Reporting year Status of measure Efficiency of measure
2015 2016 2017
HR ZG,
Zagreb PM10
- Transport
- Mitigation of particulate
emissions from households
by applying energy
efficiency measures
- Measures for mitigation of
particulate emissions from
households that are using
solid or liquid fuels by
switching to natural gas or
central heating system
- Education of the population
on mitigation of particulate
emissions and energy
efficiency by proper use of
the wood furnaces
- Measures directed to the air
quality monitoring
- Measures related with the
Action plan of energy
sustainable development of
the city of Zagreb (SEAP,
2010)
- Transport
- Mitigation of particulate
emissions from households by
applying energy efficiency
measures
- Measures for mitigation of
particulate emissions from
households that are using solid
or liquid fuels by switching to
natural gas or central heating
system
- Education of the population on
mitigation of particulate
emissions and energy
efficiency by proper use of the
wood furnaces
- Measures directed to the air
quality monitoring
- Measures related with the
Action plan of energy
sustainable development of the
city of Zagreb (SEAP, 2010)
- Mitigation of particulate
emissions from households
by applying energy
efficiency measures
- Measures for mitigation of
particulate emissions from
households that are using
solid or liquid fuels by
switching to natural gas or
central heating system
- Education of the population
on mitigation of particulate
emissions and energy
efficiency by proper use of
the wood furnaces
- Measures related with the
Action plan of energy
sustainable development of
the city of Zagreb (SEAP,
2010)
The measures are
implemented in
accordance with the
timetable given in the
action plan.
The City of Zagreb
produces annual
reports containing a
description of the
implementation of each
measure.
The implementation
dynamics are
determined by the
available financial
resources and the
models for their use
The effectiveness of a measure
cannot be assessed without
extensive research.
The achievement of limit values for
particulates depends on the
implementation of energy
efficiency measures aimed at the
thermal protection of buildings and
small homes. Since most of the
measures relate to the household
sector, it is planned that they will
be implemented over a longer
period so that their efficiency can
be assessed by improving air
quality (eg lower exceedances of
the daily concentrations of PM10 in
the heating season).
Educational measures as well as
measures that affect people's
lifestyles (eg cycling) should be
continuously implemented for
years to have an impact.
Interannual meteorological
variability significantly affects the
levels of both local and background
concentrations both in terms of
emissions (colder winter, higher
emissions from heating) and
pollution transport and local
dispersion conditions (prolonged
periods of stagnation lead to
accumulation of local pollution).
National Air Pollution Control Programme MZOE
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Agglome
-ration
Pollu
-tant
Reporting year Status of measure Efficiency of measure
2015 2016 2017
HR ZG,
Zagreb BaP
- Transport
- Mitigation of particulate
emissions from households by
applying energy efficiency
measures
- Measures for mitigation of
particulate emissions from
households that are using solid
or liquid fuels by switching to
natural gas or central heating
system
- Education of the population on
mitigation of particulate
emissions and energy
efficiency by proper use of the
wood furnaces
- Measures directed to the air
quality monitoring
- Measures related with the
Action plan of energy
sustainable development of the
city of Zagreb (SEAP, 2010)
The measures are
implemented in
accordance with the
timetable given in the
Action Plan.
The City of Zagreb
produces annual
reports containing a
description of the
implementation of each
measure.
See comments for PM10
HR ZG,
Zagreb NO2
- - - Introduction of zones of the
low road traffic emissions
(so called Eco-zones) and the
extension of pedestrian zone
in the city center
- Advancement of the road
traffic regulation in order to
relieve the quart Donji grad,
Trnje, Trešnjevka - north,
Novi Zagreb - west i Novi
Zagreb - east
The measures are
implemented in
accordance with the
timetable given in the
Action Plan.
The City of Zagreb
produces annual
reports containing a
description of the
implementation of each
measure.
The effectiveness of a measure
cannot be evaluated without
extensive research, which may
include additional measurements
and modeling.
National Air Pollution Control Programme MZOE
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Agglome
-ration
Pollu
-tant
Reporting year Status of measure Efficiency of measure
2015 2016 2017
- Advancement of public
transport with emphasis on
strengthening the role of city
railroad transport
- Reducing emissions from
public bus transport in more
polluted areas of the city
- Purchasing vehicles in public
transport and in the
ownership of city companies
(ZET, Čistoća, Zagrebačke
ceste) by applying the ''green
procurement'' principle and
improvements of the existing
vehicles
- Promotion of eco-driving
- Expansion and improvement
of cycling infrastructure
- Educating the public on the
impacts of road traffic on air
quality and promoting
transport models that are
least harmful for the
environment
- Subsidizing public city
transport in the city center
- Establishing and promoting
alternative forms of
transport by vehicles with
the so-called ''zero emission''
- Measures for reducing
emissions of pollutants from
transport from the
Programme for protection
and improvement of air
National Air Pollution Control Programme MZOE
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Agglome
-ration
Pollu
-tant
Reporting year Status of measure Efficiency of measure
2015 2016 2017
quality in the city of Zagreb
2009-2012 (SGGZ 7/09)
HR OS,
Osijek PM10
- Measure for improving the
air quality monitoring
- Education of citizens and
promotion of the proper use
of furnaces, eco-driving, use
and improvement of the
public transport
- Technical and economic
measures for reducing
fugitive emissions and
promoting the technologies
with low emission of
particles
- Measure for improving the air
quality monitoring
- Education of citizens and
promotion of the proper use of
furnaces, eco-driving, use and
improvement of the public
transport
- Technical and economic
measures for reducing fugitive
emissions and promoting the
technologies with low
emission of particles
- No data available
The measure for
improving air quality
monitoring in 2015 was
in the evaluation phase,
while the other two
measures were under
implementation.
In 2016, all measures
were implemented.
The Action Plan was adopted in
2016 and the measures were in the
planning phase that year.
HR RI,
Rijeka
Grou
nd-
level
ozone
- Informing and education of the
public (City of Rijeka)
- Proposal of planned
projections, studies and
researches (City of Rijeka)
- Measures aimed at reducing
the emissions from road
transport (City of Rijeka)
- Measures aimed at reducing
the emissions from sea
transport (City of Rijeka)
- No data available The Action Plan was
adopted in 2016 and
the measures were in
the planning phase that
year.
No data.
HR 2
Slavonski
Brod
PM2.5
- - - Development of emission
cadastre for the city of
Slavonski Brod
- Encouraging the
establishment of an air
quality modeling system for
In 2017, all measures
were in the planning
stages.
It is not possible to rate because the
measures were in the planning
stages.
(see remark for PM10 in HR ZG)
National Air Pollution Control Programme MZOE
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Agglome
-ration
Pollu
-tant
Reporting year Status of measure Efficiency of measure
2015 2016 2017
the area of Slavonski Brod
and Brod (BiH)
- Application of the receptor
model for evaluating the
contribution o fair pollution
sources in the area of
Slavonski Brod
- Expansion of the network of
central heating system and
gas network in the area of
Slavonski Brod with subsidy
for the household connection
- Development of cycling
infrastructure
HR 2
Sisak PM10
- Inter-sectoral measures and
environmental protection
measures (City of Sisak)
- Measures for reducing the
PM10 particles in the industry
sector (City of Sisak)
- Measures for reducing
emissions from households
and small and medium sized
furnaces (City of Sisak)
- Measures for reducing
emissions from transport
(City of Sisak)
- Inter-sectoral measures and
environmental protection
measures (City of Sisak)
- Measures for reducing the
PM10 particles in the industry
sector (City of Sisak)
- Measures for reducing
emissions from households
and small and medium sized
furnaces (City of Sisak)
- Measures for reducing
emissions from transport (City
of Sisak)
- No data available In 2015 and 2016,
Cross-Sectoral
Measures and
Environmental
Instruments (City of
Sisak) was in the
implementation phase,
while for other
measures there is no
information on their
implementation.
No data.
(see remark for PM10 in HR ZG)
HR 2
Kutina PM10
- Measures for emission
mitigation from households
- Preventive measures for
reducing the PM10 emissions
- Measures for emission
mitigation from households
- Preventive measures for
reducing the PM10 emissions
- No data available In 2015, all measures
were in the planning
phase except
“Preventive measure
for reducing PM10
emissions that was in
No data.
(see remark for PM10 in HR ZG)
National Air Pollution Control Programme MZOE
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Agglome
-ration
Pollu
-tant
Reporting year Status of measure Efficiency of measure
2015 2016 2017
- Measures for emission
mitigation in the industry
sector
- Mesures for reducing
emissions from transport
- Measures for emission
mitigation in the industry
sector
- Mesures for reducing
emissions from transport
the implementation
phase.
In 2016, all measures
were in the
implementation phase
National Air Pollution Control Programme MZOE
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The analysis showed that the action plans are coherent with this Programme. Coherence is
manifested in measures related to households and transport: MEN-4, MEN-14, MEN-21, MTR-
3, MTR-6, MTR-8, MTR-10 (for explanations see Annex 1).
Problems in the implementation of measures exist at the local as at the national level, and the
implementation is greatly affected by the current economic situation. Republic of Croatia had
a long-term decline of GDP in the period from 2008 to 2014. Despite co-financing by the state,
households have to bear a higher burden of investment, which, in addition to the current
economic situation, is not feasible for a large number of households.
The implementation of energy efficiency measures in cities with developed action plans is
largely dependent on implementation of the Programme for energy renewal of family houses
(MEN-4). The source of financing predicted for the MEN-4 measure is the Environmental Protection
and Energy Efficiency Fund (hereinafter FZOEU). The measure should be implemented on a national
level in the period 2014-2020, in a way that FZOEU provides a financial construction for the renewal
of family houses. By 2015, ie before the amendment of the Programme for the energy renewal of the
family houses, citizens were able to achieve the co-financing of energy renewal for family houses
through the units of local or regional self-government (Source:
http://www.fzoeu.hr/docs/primjeri_dobre_prakse_projekata_energetske_ucinkovitosti_u_hrvatskoj_
2015_godine_v1.pdf). Action plans were adopted in the period 2014 – 2016, meaning that some are
being implemented only for a one year. All action plans have the measure envisaged for the mitigation
of household emissions, which are not implemented for several reasons:
- FZOEU did not provide financial support for the whole anticipated period,
- economic situation in the Republic of Croatia.
Transport measures that are related to the use of public transport and other forms of transport
with zero emission are reqiuring changes in the urban transport infrastructure, which means
that these measures first require a multi-annual preparation of project, and then their
implementation, hence continuous, mutli-annual work and inter-departmental / inter-
institutional cooperation.
Coherence with the programmes for air and ozone layer protection, climate change mitigation
and adaptation to climate changes
Pursuant to Article 12, paragraph 1 of the Law on Air Protection, the representative body of a large
city enacts a programme for air and layer protection, climate change mitigation and adaptation to
climate changes, which is an integral part of the Environmental Protection Programme.
The purpose of the programme for air and ozone layer protection, climate change mitigation and
adaptation to climate changes is to define targets and measures for the prevention and mitigation of
air pollution, protection of the ozone layer, mitigation of climate changes and adaptation to climate
changes by the sector of influence with order, deadline and resposible institution for mesaure
implementation, an estimation of the funds for its implementation, the order of fund using according
to the established priority measures and activities, and with the primary target to protect and improve
the air quality. Targets and measures defined within them should be aligned with targets and measures
of the Environmental Protection Programme in a part relating to the air component. Programmes for
air and ozone layer protection, climate change mitigation and adaptation to climate changes and
environmental protection programmes must be aligned with the Plan for air and ozone layer
protection and mitigation of climate changes in the Republic of Croatia for the period from 2013 to
2017. This Plan sets targets and priorities in the protection of air and ozone layer and in mitigation of
climate changes in the Republic of Croatia in a five year period.
Coherence, ie compliance of strategies, plans and programmes with the provision of the Law
on Environmental Protectionand the Law on Air Protection is reviewed by strategic studies, ie
studies on the significant impact of the strategy, plan or programme on the environment.
National Air Pollution Control Programme MZOE
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Procedure of strategic evaluation of the environmental impacts (SPUO) is implemented on the basis
of proivisions of the Environmental Protection Act (Article 63) and the Regulation on strategic
evaluation of the environmental impacts (Official gazette, No. 3/17). This procedure evaluates
probably significant impacts to the environment and to the health of people that may occur by the
implementation of a strategy, plan or programme.
However, there is a few Programmes for the air and ozone layer protection, climate change
mitigation and adaptation to climate changes, that are obligated to carry out the evaluation
procedure for a strategic assessment, since they rarely stipulate measures that would
conditioned it.
The analysis showed that coherence with the programmes for air and ozone layer protection,
climate change mitigation and adaptation to climate changes has mot been entirely realized.
Namely, the quality of these action plans is currently lagging behind the quality of plans at the
national level. The main drawback for most of the Programmes is a poor analysis of pollutant
emissions, all sources of emissions that exist at the area of local community, as well as the
indicative correlation of emissions and concentrations of air quality parameters. Currently, in
the most of the existing Programmes, emissions are presented by stating the emissions from the
Environmetal Pollution Register, which is not sufficient for a complete picture of emissions at
the observed area. Since 2018, through the Portal of spatial distribution of emissions, the state
has provided a spatial distribution of emissions for entire territory of the Republic of Croatia,
5 zones (HR 1, HR 2, HR 3, HR 4, HR 5), 4 agglomerations (HR ZG, HR OS, HR RI, HR ST)
and the city of Slavonski Brod, according to the Regulation on determining the zones and
agglomerations by the levels of air pollution in the territory of the Republic of Croatia . The
suggestion is to improve the quality of future programmes for air and ozone layer protection,
climate change mitigation and adaptation to climate changes in a way that they include a part
which is ensuring coherence with the Pollution control programme, ie to include an overview
of all existing emissions at the observed area, and which are available at the Portal of spatial
distribution of emissions for 2014 and 2015, and which will enable the implementation of a
professional analysis of the connection between emission sources, emission values and
concentrations of pollution in the air.
In a following table, the list of 25 current programmes downloaded from county and city websites is
given.
No. Document name Period Maker
1. Programme for air and ozone layer protection,
climate change mitigation and adaptation to climate
changes for the territory of Šibensko-kninska county
2016 – 2020 Šibensko-kninska county,
Administrative department for
environmental protection and
communal affairs
2. Programme for air and ozone layer protection,
climate change mitigation and adaptation to climate
changes in Osječko-baranjska county
2016 – 2020 Osječko-baranjska county,
Administrative department for
spatial planning, environment
and nature protection
3. Programme for air and ozone layer protection,
climate change mitigation and adaptation to climate
changes for the territory of the city of Šibenik
2018 – 2020 Šibenik, Administrative
department for spatial planning
and environmental protection
4. Programme for air and ozone layer protection,
climate change mitigation and adaptation to climate
changes for the territory of Zagrebačka county
2015 – 2019 Administrative department for
spatial planning, construction
and environmental protection,
Department for environmental
protection, Zagrebačka county
5. Programme for air and ozone layer protection,
climate change mitigation of Krapinsko-zagorska
county
2017 – 2021 Administrative department for
spatial planning, construction
and environmental protection of
Krapinsko-zagorska county
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No. Document name Period Maker
6. Programme for air and ozone layer protection,
climate change mitigation and adaptation to climate
changes for the territory of the city of Koprivnica
2017 – 2020 Administrative body of the City
of Koprivnica competent for
drafting of plan documents
related to environmental
protection
7. Programme for air and ozone layer protection,
climate change mitigation and adaptation to climate
changes of Sisačko-moslavačka county
2018 – 2021 Administrative department for
spatial planning, construction
and environmental protection
8. Programme for air and ozone layer protection,
climate change mitigation and adaptation to climate
changes for the territory of the city of Karlovac
2016 – 2020 Not available
9. Programme for air and ozone layer protection,
climate change mitigation and adaptation to climate
changes of Zadarska county for a four year period
2017 – 2021 Zadarska county
10. Programme for air and ozone layer protection,
climate change mitigation and adaptation to climate
changes for the territory of Dubrovačko-neretvanska
county
for the period 2017 - 2020
2017 – 2020 Administrative department for
environmental and nature
protection of Dubrovačko –
neretvanska county
11. Programme for air and ozone layer protection,
climate change mitigation and adaptation to climate
changes of Bjelovarsko-bilogorska county of the
period 2016 - 2020
2016 – 2020 Administrative department for
agriculture, environmental
protection and rural development
of Bjelovarsko-bilogorska county
12. Programme for air and ozone layer protection,
climate change mitigation and adaptation to climate
changes in Splitsko-dalmatinska county for the
period 2017 – 2020
2017 – 2020 Not available
13. Programme for air and ozone layer protection,
climate change mitigation and adaptation to climate
changes in Karlovačka coutny for the period 2017 –
2021
2017 – 2020 Administrative department for
spatial planning, construction
and environmental protection,
Department for environmental
and nature protection of
Karlovačka county
14. Programme for air and ozone layer protection,
climate change mitigation and adaptation to climate
changes in the city of Zagreb
2016 – 2020 City office for energy,
environmental protection and
sustainable development, City of
Zagreb
15. Programme for air and ozone layer protection,
climate change mitigation and adaptation to climate
changes in the city of Zadar
2015 – 2019 Administrative department for
island development and
environmental protection, City of
Zadar
16. Programme for air and ozone layer protection,
climate change mitigation and adaptation to climate
changes in the city of Osijek
2017 – 2020 Administrative body of the City
of Osijek competent for
environmental protection
17. Programme for air and ozone layer protection,
climate change mitigation and adaptation to climate
changes in the city of Varaždin for the period 2016 –
2019
2016 – 2019 Administrative department for
spatial planning, construction
and environmental protection,
City of Varaždin
18. Programme for air and ozone layer protection,
climate change mitigation and adaptation to climate
changes for the territory of the city of Velika Gorica
2018 – 2022 Department for environmental
protection, City of Velika Gorica
19. Programme for air and ozone layer protection,
climate change mitigation and adaptation to climate
changes of Varaždinska county for the period 2015 –
2019
2015 – 2019 Administrative department for
Agriculture and environmental
protection of Varaždinska county
20. Programme for air and ozone layer protection,
climate change mitigation and adaptation to climate
changes for the territory of the city of Kaštel
2017 – 2021 City of Kaštela, Administrative
department for spatial planning,
construction and environmental
protection
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No. Document name Period Maker
21. Programme for air and ozone layer protection,
climate change mitigation and adaptation to climate
changes in Brodsko-posavska county for the period
2016 – 2020
2016 – 2020 Administrative department for
communal economy and
environmental protection in
Brodsko-posavska county
22. Programme for air and ozone layer protection,
climate change mitigation and adaptation to climate
changes for the territory of Požeško-slavonska county
2016 – 2020 Požeško-slavonska county
23. Programme for air and ozone layer protection,
climate change mitigation and adaptation to climate
changes of Međimurska county
2016 – 2020 Međimurska county,
Administrative department for
spatial planning, construction
and environmental protection
24. Programme for air and ozone layer protection,
climate change mitigation and adaptation to climate
changes in Virovitičko-podravskoj county for the
period 2017 – 2021
2017 – 2021 Administrative department for
spatial planning, construction,
communal affairs and
environmental protection of
Virovitičko-podravska county
25. Programme for air and ozone layer protection,
climate change mitigation and adaptation to climate
changes in Ličko-senjska county for the period 2016
– 2020
2016 – 2020 Administrative department for
construction, environmental and
nature protection and communal
economy of Ličko-senjska
county
Coherence with action plans for sustainable energy (and climate) development of the cities by
2020 (Sustainable Energy (and Climate) Action Plan – SECAP)
In addition to plans and programmes that have to be prepared due to legal obligation, there are also
plans, in the Republic of Croatia, which local self-governments develope voluntary in order to pledge
for achieving EU targets on climate changes and energy. One of this plans is the Action plan for
sustainable energy (and climate) development of the cities by 2020 which is prepared by the cities
after the signing of the Mayor agreement. In this way, the cities voluntarily participate in achieving
energy efficiency targets and in reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Within the initiative of the Mayor agreement for climate and energy which was initiated in 2008 by
the EC, the Sustainable energy and climate action plans (SECAP) were prepared by 62 cities out of
total of 70 cities which are signatories of the Agreement. These are plans that are submitted and
already accepted or are currently being evaluated by the Joint research center of the European
Commission. Signatories to the Agreement by 2015 have stated the emission reduction targets by
2020, which is in line with the climate – energy package of EU by 2020. After that, the emission
reduction target is expressed for the period by 2030, since, in the mean time, the climate – energy
framework by 2030 was adopted. Along with this, the signatories to the Agreement may extend their
commitments to the area of adaptation to climate change, in accordance with the EU Strategy for
adaptation to climate changes.
The largest number of plans are submitted in the period from 2012 to 2015. So far, 56 Action plans
have been accepted. Measures contained in the Action plans are refering exclusivelly to the
mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions, while, so far, there are no measures for adaptation to
climate changes for the time being. As a reference year in comparison to which the emission
mitigation target is defined, 2009 or 2010 are most frequently selected.
Examples of measures that cities have defined in the Action Plans are as follows: reconstruction of
outer shells of buildings and roofs of residential buildings and family houses, thermal insulation of
outer shells and roofs, replacement of outdated public lighting with more energy efficient and
environmentally friendlier lighting, installation of energy highly efficient windows, modernization of
boiler rooms owned by local self-government, encourage the use of renewable sources in family
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houses, energy renewal of public institutions, education of users of buildings owned by the city, co-
financing the purchase of A +++ household appliances, subsidizing college and school students
transportation, the purchase of new electric vehicles owned by the city, construction of low energy
kindergartens, subsidizing the installation of solar collectors and boilers on biomass, installation of
photovoltaic systems on roofs, establishment of a system for the use of city bicycles (bike-share),
lowering of municipal contributions for the construction of new low-energy and passive buildings,
energy inspections and certification of public buildings, installation of dividers in a centralized heat
system, transition to natural gas, subsidizing the replacement of carpentry of family houses,
installation of thermal solar systems for family houses and residential buildings, city administration
and city institutions.
Progress in achieving the set targets is evaluated on the basis of the Monitoring reports that are
submitted to the Joint research center of the EC every two years after the adoption of Action plan.
The emission inventory included in action plan is updated every four years. Until the conclusion of
this programme, the Monitoring report was submitted by 15 cities in Croatia. According to the
data from submitted Monitoring reports, it can be concluded that the solid progress has been
made in the implementation of measures from Action plans, with note that activities for the
achievement of certain measures in some cities have not yet started. Since all the cities, except
for one, have indicated the emission reduction target by 2020 (one has indicated the target by 2030),
in the remain period activities for achieving of planned measures should intensify. Considering that
other signatories to the agreement have not yet submitted their Monitoring reports, the achieved
progress in remaining cities is unknown, so the pattern from which the conclusions are drawn is
limited.
Regarding the financial resources for the implementation of measures planned in Action plan,
from the data in the Monitoring reports it is apparent that cities have spent slightly over 25%
of the total planned funds, so it can be assumed that by 2020 no greater shift will be achieved
in securing of financial funds. Assuming that the Action plans are containing realistic estimates
of the necessary resources, this data could mean that the targets may not be fully achieved. Voluntary character of the initiative of the Mayor agreement for climate and energy should be taken
into account.
Regarding the coherence of the Programme with described Action plans, specificity is that the
emission reduction measures within the Mayor agreement for climate and energy are defined
at the local levels and are starting from the local targets of the cities, while the majority of other
plans and programmes, for which the coherence need to be provided, are being developed at
the national level.
In the following period from 2020 to 2030 it is necessary to strengthen the implementation of action
plans for improving the air pollution and climate-energy plans (SEAP / SECAP). It is necessary to
strengthen the capacities of local governments in terms of connecting multiple sectors, supporting the
development of integral documents and projects. There is a need for education, dissemination of
knowledge and informations on the causes of pollution, harmfulness, health impacts, available
techniques, costs of the measures and benefits.
3.3. RESPONSIBILITIES ATTRIBUTED TO NATIONAL, REGIONAL AND LOCAL
AUTHORITIES
This chapter provides information on responsibilities of national, regional and local bodies in the area
of air quality and air emissions (Annex III, Part 1 (a) (ii)of the NEC Directive).
The Ministry of Environmental Protection and Energy is a central body for the implementation of
policy for the environmental protection management.
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The Ministry is, inter alia, competent and responsible for the air protection, creating of planned
documents, enacting and implementing measures to prevent and reduce air pollution, professional
supervision of national network operation for permanent air quality monitoring (national network),
reporting on air quality, data exchange and information system of air protection.
Under the authority of Ministry is also the administrative supervision and supervision over the expert
work of the FZOEU and the Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service (hereinafter: DHMZ).
In the management and control system of the use of structural instruments of EU in the Republic of
Croatia, the Ministry has a role of level 1 Intermediary body for certain specific targets within the
framework of priority axes “Climate change and risk management” and “ Environmental protection
and sustainability of resources”.
At the national level, in accordance with the new conformation that abolished the Croatian agency
for the Environment and Nature (CAEN), the Ministry is obligated to collect and aggregate data and
informations on the environment and nature for the purpose of ensuring and monitoring the
implementation of environmental and nature protection policy, sustainable development and other
professional activities in the area of environmental and nature protection.
FZOEU is, as a legal person with public authorities, the central institution for collecting and investing
extrabudgetary resources in programmes and projects for environmental and nature protection, energy
efficiency and use of renewable energy sources. In the management and control system of the use of
structural instruments of EU in the Republic of Croatia, FZOEU has the role of level 2 Intermediary
body for certain specific targets from the area of environmental protection and sustainability of
resources, climate changes, energy efficiency and renewable enegry sources. Activities of FZOEU
include affairs related to the financing of preparation, implementation and development of
programmes and projects and similar activities in the area of conservation, sustainable use, protection
and improvement of the environment, and the use of renewable energy sources in the area of energy
efficiency.
In the area of air quality monitoring, the FZOEU secures financing for the implementation of the
Programme for the measurement of air pollution level in the national network.
The DHMZ manages the operation of national network, secures the construction of new state-owned
stations and it is responsible for the implementation of programmes for the measurement of air quality
at the national network stations.
Monitoring of air quality in the national network is performed by reference laboratories. Monitoring
of air quality in national network stations for gaseous pollutants and particulate matter PM10 i PM2,5
(automatic methods) is performed by DHMZ, while the air quality monitoring in the national network
stations, in the part that relates to sampling and physico-chemical analysis of PM10 and PM2,5 particles
and ther equivalence of non-reference methods for determination of mass concentration of PM10 and
PM2,5 particles, is performed by the Institute for medical researches and medicine of work.
At the local and regional level, operations from the area of air quality are performed by the city (City
of Zagreb and larger cities) or county offices (including the city of Zagreb). The administrative body
of a county, city of Zagreb and larger city enacts a programme for air and ozone layer protection,
climate change mitigation and adaptation to cliamte changes, which is an integral part of the
environmental protection programme for the county, ie the city of Zagreb and the larger city. The
administrative body competent for environmental protection (hereinafter: competent administrative
body) of the county, city of Zagreb and large city prepares a report on the implementation of this
programme for a four year period, which is adopted by the representative body of the county, city of
Zagreb and large city. The competent administrative body of local government unit or the city of
Zagreb is responsible for the preparation of action plans for air quality improvement, if air pollutant
levels exceed any limit or target value.
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Monitoring of air quality at the measuring stations established by the County, the city of Zagreb and
other cities in their area, and measuring stations established by the polluter according to the solution
on acceptability of the procedure on envorinment or the solution on integrated environmental
protection conditions (ie environmental permit), is performed by test laboratories.
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The following table showes an overview of responsibilities attributed to national, regional and local authorities
2.3.2. Responsibilities attributed to national, regional and local authorities (M)
List the
relevant
authorities
(M)
Describe the type of authority (e.g.
environmental inspectorate, regional
environment agency, municipality)
(M) Where appropriate, name of
authority (e.g. Ministry of XXX,
National Agency for XXX, Regional
office for XXX)
Describe the attributed responsibilities in the areas of air quality and air pollution (M)
Select from the following as appropriate:
- Policy making roles
- Implementation roles
- Enforcement roles (including where relevant inspections and permitting)
- Reporting and monitoring roles
- Coordinating roles
- Other roles, please specify:
National
authorities
(M)
Croatian Parliament
Policy making role
Legislative framework
Enacts the Law on environmental protection and the Law on Air protection, Laws on Certification of International
Protocols.
Croatian Parliament
Policy making role
National strategies
Enacts national strategies by certain areas (eg. Enegry Strategy of the Republic of Croatia, Transport Development
Strategy of the Republic of Croatia for the period 2014-2030, Industrial strategy of the Republic of Croatia 2014-
2020).
Government of the Republic of Croatia
Policy making role
Strategies by areas, National plans and programmes, Action plans for the implementation of strategies Makes a proposal of strategies, programmes, plans and implementation action plans.
Government of the Republic of Croatia
Policy making role
Implementing regulations
Adoption and implementation of regulations according to ZOZZ
Government of the Republic of Croatia
Policy making role
Policy implementation reports
Reports on the implementation of national strategies, plans and programmes.
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2.3.2. Responsibilities attributed to national, regional and local authorities (M)
List the
relevant
authorities
(M)
Describe the type of authority (e.g.
environmental inspectorate, regional
environment agency, municipality)
(M) Where appropriate, name of
authority (e.g. Ministry of XXX,
National Agency for XXX, Regional
office for XXX)
Describe the attributed responsibilities in the areas of air quality and air pollution (M)
Select from the following as appropriate:
- Policy making roles
- Implementation roles
- Enforcement roles (including where relevant inspections and permitting)
- Reporting and monitoring roles
- Coordinating roles
- Other roles, please specify:
Minister Policy making role
Implementing regulations
Brings the development of implementing regulations from particular sectors.
Enacts a decision on establishing the expert committee for the purpose of drafting national plans, national programmes,
national reports, draft proposals of implementing regulations and development of implementing regulations.
(For example the Minister of environmental protection and energy: prescribes by the Ordinance the way of air quality
monitoring and data collecting, norms for the locations of measuring points, norms for determining the minimal
number of measuring points, reference methods of measurement, the way of proving equivalence for other
measurement methods, method of controlling the quality of measurement and data, as well as the method of processing
and displaying results and compliance with Croatian norms, the way of controlling the accuracy and calibration of
measuring instruments, method and costs of operation of the reference laboratory, establishment and operating
method of the committee for monitoring the work of reference laboratories, method of delivering data for the purpose
of information system for air protection, content of the annual report and the way of regularly informing the public.
The Ordinance presribes the method of monitoring emissions of pollutants into air from stationary sources, scope and
type of measurement, reference methods of measurement, the way of proving equivalence for other measurement
methods, the method of controlling the accuracy and calibration of measuring instruments, method of controlling the
accuracy of the measuring system for continuous measurement of pollutant emissions into air form stationary sources,
procedure of sampling and evaluation of measurement results, method of delivering data for the purpose of information
system for air protection on emissions and the way of regularly informing the public on emission monitoring)
Minstry Policy making role
Regulations
Competitive body for the transfer of legal acquis of the EU develops proposals of laws and subordinate acts under its
jurisdiction.
Ministries Policy making role
Strategies, plans and programmes
Develops proposals for sectoral strategies, plans and programs.
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2.3.2. Responsibilities attributed to national, regional and local authorities (M)
List the
relevant
authorities
(M)
Describe the type of authority (e.g.
environmental inspectorate, regional
environment agency, municipality)
(M) Where appropriate, name of
authority (e.g. Ministry of XXX,
National Agency for XXX, Regional
office for XXX)
Describe the attributed responsibilities in the areas of air quality and air pollution (M)
Select from the following as appropriate:
- Policy making roles
- Implementation roles
- Enforcement roles (including where relevant inspections and permitting)
- Reporting and monitoring roles
- Coordinating roles
- Other roles, please specify:
Ministry of environmental protection
and energy (MZOE) Policy making role
Monitoring and evaluation of air quality – National network
Determines zones and agglomerations, locations of the stations, at the proposal of the Ministry, the Government
determines the measurement program, conducts professional supervision on the operation of national network, insures
the Air quality assessment.
Government of the Republic of Croatia Implementation role
Commissions for inter-sectoral coordination for PaM
Establishing and coordinating the work of inter-sectoral cooridantions for PaM
Ministries Implementation role
Implementation of the legislative framework
Performs the administrative supervision over the application of laws and subordinate acts from its jurisdiction,
performs administrative supervision over the bodies in the ministry's jurisdiction, establishment of thematic
committees and working groups, drafting proposals of subordinate regulations, budget planning in order to insure
funds for the implementation of sectoral policies, cooperation with the EU and international institutions in order to
fulfill obligations of the Republic of Croatia, developing reports and exchange of informations in order to fulfill
obligations of the Republic of Croatia.
Ministry Enforcement role
Supervision of regulation implementation
Implementation of administrative procedures based on law, issuance of permits and solutions.
State Inspectorate Enforcement role
Supervision of regulation implementation Supervision of the implementation of certain law provisions and subordinate regulations by conducting the inspection
supervision
Ministry of environmental protection
and energy (MZOE) Enforcement role
Environmental permits, solution on the combined environmental protection conditions, solution on the
acceptability of a procedure for the environment, Permit for greenhouse gas emissions, solution on free
allocation of emission units to plant operators, solution on free allocation of emission units to aircraft operators
Agrees, approves, issues, modifies and abolishes.
Ministry of environmental protection
and energy (MZOE) Enforcement role
Issuing a permit to the legal person – test laboratory and legal person – reference laboratory
Evaluates the requirements, issues and publishes and, if necessary, terminates them.
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2.3.2. Responsibilities attributed to national, regional and local authorities (M)
List the
relevant
authorities
(M)
Describe the type of authority (e.g.
environmental inspectorate, regional
environment agency, municipality)
(M) Where appropriate, name of
authority (e.g. Ministry of XXX,
National Agency for XXX, Regional
office for XXX)
Describe the attributed responsibilities in the areas of air quality and air pollution (M)
Select from the following as appropriate:
- Policy making roles
- Implementation roles
- Enforcement roles (including where relevant inspections and permitting)
- Reporting and monitoring roles
- Coordinating roles
- Other roles, please specify:
Ministry of environmental protection
and energy (MZOE) Enforcement role
Monitoring and reporting plan for greenhouse gas emissions from aircrafts and monitoring and reporting plan
on kilometer tonnes data from aircrafts
Gives an opinion that the monitoring and reporting plan is drafted in accordance with the Commission Regulation (EU)
No. 601/2012, with valid EC guidelines and with the ordinance from Article 90, paragraph 8 of this Law.
Ministry of environmental protection
and energy (MZOE) Enforcement role
Plan praćenja emisija stakleničkih plinova iz postrojenja kao sastavni dio Dozvola za emisije stakleničkih
plinova
Provides an expert opinion on the compliance of the plan with provisions from the Ordinance.
Ministry of environmental protection
and energy (MZOE) Enforcement role
Free allocation of emission units to plant operators
Competent for the implementation of the Commission Decision 2011/278 / EU and the valid guidelines from the
European Commission
Ministry of environmental protection
and energy (MZOE) Reporting and monitoring role
Low – Carbon Development Strategy of the Republic of Croatia
Reprots the status of implementation of Low – Carbon Development Strategy to the European Commission.
Ministry of environmental protection
and energy (MZOE) Reporting and monitoring role
Report on air quality condition, mitigation of greemhouse gas emissions and consumption of substances that
damage ozone layer for the territory of the Republic of Croatia (four year period)
Report making holder /submits to the Government every four years
Ministry of environmental protection
and energy (MZOE) Reporting and monitoring role
Ordinance on the Environmental pollution register (ROO)
Creates and maintains a network database, conducts quality control, processing and analysis of submitted data and
deveplos a report on ROO data, and publishes it for the public.
Ministry of environmental protection
and energy (MZOE) Reporting and monitoring role
E-PRTR Regulation
Conducts data quality control and compiles the report and delivers data to the EC, and publishes it for the public.
Ministry of environmental protection
and energy (MZOE) Reporting and monitoring role
PRTR Protocol
Develops a report and submits it to the UNECE Secretariat and publishes it for the public.
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2.3.2. Responsibilities attributed to national, regional and local authorities (M)
List the
relevant
authorities
(M)
Describe the type of authority (e.g.
environmental inspectorate, regional
environment agency, municipality)
(M) Where appropriate, name of
authority (e.g. Ministry of XXX,
National Agency for XXX, Regional
office for XXX)
Describe the attributed responsibilities in the areas of air quality and air pollution (M)
Select from the following as appropriate:
- Policy making roles
- Implementation roles
- Enforcement roles (including where relevant inspections and permitting)
- Reporting and monitoring roles
- Coordinating roles
- Other roles, please specify:
Ministry of environmental protection
and energy (MZOE) Reporting and monitoring role
Action plans for air quality improvement and short-term action plans
Data collecting and reporting
Ministry of environmental protection
and energy (MZOE) Reporting and monitoring role
Air quality assessment and reporting
Ensures the air quality assessment and reporting
Ministry of environmental protection
and energy (MZOE) Reporting and monitoring role
Air quality assessment
Develops the Annual Report on air quality monitoring in the Republic of Croatia.
Croatian Meteorological and
Hydrological Service (DHMZ) Reporting and monitoring role
Air quality assessment, modeling for evaluation purposes
Conducts air quality assessment, condutcs modeling for evaluation and reporting purposes
Legal entities - test laboratories
Reporting and monitoring role
Monitoring of air quality, monitoring emissions of pollutants into air from stationary sources, checking the accuracy of
measuring system for continuous measurement from stationary sources and monitoring of product quality
State Institute for Metrology Reporting and monitoring role
Acceptance of the report on equipment testing according to the requirements for efficiency of reference methods issued
in other Member States under a condition that the tests were carried out by the test laboratories accredited in
accordance with the relevant harmonized standard for test and calibration laboratories, and the list of accepted reports
is published on their own web sites.
Ministry of environmental protection
and energy (MZOE) Reporting and monitoring role
Monitoring and assessment of air quality – National network, Local networks, Special purpose measurements
Guides the Information system of air protection, exchange of informations and air quality reporting
Ministry of environmental protection
and energy (MZOE) Reporting and monitoring role
Guidance and maintenance of Environmental pollution register database (ROO)
Guides the Information system of Industry and energy, integral part of ROO database, maintenance of databases,
publication and exchange of information
Ministry of environmental protection
and energy (MZOE) Reporting and monitoring role
Action plan for air quality improvement
Delivers the Action plan for air quality improvement to the European Commission. IPR
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2.3.2. Responsibilities attributed to national, regional and local authorities (M)
List the
relevant
authorities
(M)
Describe the type of authority (e.g.
environmental inspectorate, regional
environment agency, municipality)
(M) Where appropriate, name of
authority (e.g. Ministry of XXX,
National Agency for XXX, Regional
office for XXX)
Describe the attributed responsibilities in the areas of air quality and air pollution (M)
Select from the following as appropriate:
- Policy making roles
- Implementation roles
- Enforcement roles (including where relevant inspections and permitting)
- Reporting and monitoring roles
- Coordinating roles
- Other roles, please specify:
Croatian Meteorological and
Hydrological Service (DHMZ) Reporting and monitoring role
Monitoring of air quality in the stations from national network
Performs monitoring of air quality in the stations from national network for gaseous pollutants and PM10 and PM2,5
particles (automatic methods).
Delivers annual, original and validated data and the report on pollution levels and air quality evaluation to the Ministry.
Institute for Medical Research and
Occupational Medicine Reporting and monitoring role
Monitoring of air quality in the stations from national network
Performs monitoring of air quality in the stations from national network in a part referred to sampling and physico-
chemical analysis of PM10 and PM2.5 particles and the equivalence of non-reference methods for determination of mass
concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 particles.
Delivers annual, original and validated data and the report on pollution levels and air quality evaluation to the Ministry.
Legal entities - test laboratory
Reporting and monitoring role
Activity of monitoring air quality and emissions to air
May perform activities of air quality monitoring in local networks and on stations with special purpose, activity of
monitoring emissions of pollutants into air from stationary sources and / or activity of checking the accuracy of the
measuring system for continuous measurement of pollutant emissions into air from stationary sources,
Develops and submits reports for the conducted measurements.
Croatian Meteorological and
Hydrological Service (DHMZ) Enforcement role
Manages the work of national network
Manages the work of national network, provides the construction of new stations in national network, ensures air
quality monitoring (measurement, data collecting, quality assurance and checking of measurements and data, tuning
and checking the technical characteristics of the measuring equipment in accordance with the reference measurement
methods, and processing and display of measurement results) and it is responsible for conducting measurement
programmes for air quality at these stations
Croatian Meteorological and
Hydrological Service (DHMZ) Enforcement role
Monitoring of air quality in the stations from national network
Performs the monitoring of air quality in the stations from national network for gaseous pollutants and PM10 i PM2,5
particles (automatic methodes)
Institute for Medical Research and
Occupational Medicine Enforcement role
Monitoring of air quality in the stations from national network
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2.3.2. Responsibilities attributed to national, regional and local authorities (M)
List the
relevant
authorities
(M)
Describe the type of authority (e.g.
environmental inspectorate, regional
environment agency, municipality)
(M) Where appropriate, name of
authority (e.g. Ministry of XXX,
National Agency for XXX, Regional
office for XXX)
Describe the attributed responsibilities in the areas of air quality and air pollution (M)
Select from the following as appropriate:
- Policy making roles
- Implementation roles
- Enforcement roles (including where relevant inspections and permitting)
- Reporting and monitoring roles
- Coordinating roles
- Other roles, please specify:
Performs the monitoring of air quality in the stations from national network in a part referred to sampling and physico-
chemical analysis of PM10 and PM2.5 particles and the equivalence of non-referential methods for determination of
mass concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 particles.
Ministry of environmental protection
and energy (MZOE) Enforcement role
Expert supervision over the work of national network
Expert supervision of work according to the Article 28 of the ZOZZ
Legal entities - test laboratory
Enforcement role
Activity of monitoring air quality and emissions to air
To perform activities of air quality monitoring in local networks and on stations with special purpose, activity of
monitoring emissions of pollutants into air from stationary sources and / or activity of checking the accuracy of the
measuring system for continuous measurement of pollutant emissions into air from stationary sources.
Reference laboratories Enforcement role
Activity of monitoring air quality
Performs the activity of quality assurance of measurement, and air quality data in the Republic of Croatia.
Ministry of environmental protection
and energy (MZOE) Enforcement role
Measures for the prevention and mitigation of air pollution
Targeted reduction of exposure to PM2.5 at national level for the protection of human health, Pollution from natural
sources, Overstepping that may be attributed to the winter spreading of sand or salt on roads, Short-term action plan for
ground-level ozone, Transboundary air pollution.
Ministry of environmental protection
and energy (MZOE) Financing role
Activity of quality assurance of data and measurement
Ensures funds for participation of the reference laboratory on international testings of capabilities of reference
laboratories and for cooperation with EU Member States and the European Commission to ensure comparability and
quality of measurement.
Environmental Protection and Energy
Efficiency Fund (FZOEU) Financing role
Ensures financing of the implementation of the Programme for measurement of pollution level in national
network
Ensures financing of the implementation of the Programme for measurement of pollution level in national network
National Air Pollution Control Programme MZOE
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2.3.2. Responsibilities attributed to national, regional and local authorities (M)
List the
relevant
authorities
(M)
Describe the type of authority (e.g.
environmental inspectorate, regional
environment agency, municipality)
(M) Where appropriate, name of
authority (e.g. Ministry of XXX,
National Agency for XXX, Regional
office for XXX)
Describe the attributed responsibilities in the areas of air quality and air pollution (M)
Select from the following as appropriate:
- Policy making roles
- Implementation roles
- Enforcement roles (including where relevant inspections and permitting)
- Reporting and monitoring roles
- Coordinating roles
- Other roles, please specify:
Regional
authorities
(M)
Regional govenrment unit (JRS)/City of
Zagreb and large cities Reporting and monitoring role
Report on the implementation of the Programme for air and ozone layer protection, mitigation and adaptation
to climate change, an integral part of the Environmental protection program referred to in Article 14 of the
Law on Air Protection
Creates a report on the implementation of the programme for four year period (made by the authorized person)
Regional govenrment unit (JRS)/City of
Zagreb and large cities Reporting and monitoring role
Monitoring and evaluation of air quality - Local networks
Delivers annual, original and validated data on air quality monitoring and the report on pollution levels and air quality
evaluation to the Ministry (made by a legal person - a test laboratory).
Regional govenrment unit (JRS)/City of
Zagreb and large cities Enforcment role
Environmental protection programme
Enacts and publishes (made by the authorized person)
Regional govenrment unit (JRS)/City of
Zagreb and large cities Enforcement role
Monitoring and evaluation of air quality - Local networks
Establishes stations for air quality monitoring in their area, sets the locations of measurement stations for air quality
monitoring, develops a programme for pollution level measurement, ensures the conditions for its implementation,
performs supervision over the implementation of these activities.
Local
authorities
(M)
Competent administrative body of local
government unit (JLS) / City of Zagreb Reporting and monitoring role
Action plans for air quality improvement and short-term action plans
Ensures delivery of action plan or short-term action plan to the Ministry.
Local government unit (JLS) Reporting and monitoring role
Monitoring and evaluation of air quality - Local networks
Delivers annual, original and validated data on air quality monitoring and the report on pollution levels and air quality
evaluation to the Ministry (made by a legal person - a test laboratory).
Representative body of local
government unit (JLS) / City of Zagreb Enforcement role
Action plans for air quality improvement and short-term action plans
Creates an action plan for air quality improvement and short-term action plan for its administrative territory.
Local government unit (JLS) Enforcement role
Environmental permits, solution on the combined environmental protection conditions, solution on the
acceptability of procedure for the environment.
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2.3.2. Responsibilities attributed to national, regional and local authorities (M)
List the
relevant
authorities
(M)
Describe the type of authority (e.g.
environmental inspectorate, regional
environment agency, municipality)
(M) Where appropriate, name of
authority (e.g. Ministry of XXX,
National Agency for XXX, Regional
office for XXX)
Describe the attributed responsibilities in the areas of air quality and air pollution (M)
Select from the following as appropriate:
- Policy making roles
- Implementation roles
- Enforcement roles (including where relevant inspections and permitting)
- Reporting and monitoring roles
- Coordinating roles
- Other roles, please specify:
Participate through public discussions
Local government unit (JLS) Enforcement role
Monitoring and evaluation of air quality - Local networks
Establishes stations for air quality monitoring in their area, sets the locations of measurement stations for air quality
monitoring, develops a programme for pollution level measurement, ensures the conditions for its implementation,
performs supervision over the implementation of these activities and annualy submits original and validated data on air
quality monitoring to the Ministery.
Local government unit (JLS) and the
City of Zagreb Enforcement role
Report on data from Environmental pollution register (ROO)
Conducts quality control of data submitted to ROO and their verification.
Polluter
(M):
Polluters Enforcement role
Monitoring and evaluation of air quality - Special purpose measurements
Ensures air quality monitoring according to the solution on the acceptability of a procedure for the environment or the
solution on the combined environmental protection conditions, ie environmental permit, in accoradnce with the Law on
environmental protection.
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4. PROGRESS MADE BY CURRENT POLICIES AND MEASURES (PaMs)
IN REDUCING EMISSIONS AND IMPROVING AIR QUALITY, AND THE
DEGREE OF COMPLIANCE WITH NATIONAL AND UNION
OBLIGATIONS, COMPARED TO 2005
This chapter through three subchapters provides information showing: "the progress made by the
current PAM in reducing emissions and improving air quality and degree of compliance with national
and EU obligations" (Annex III, Part 1 (1) (iii) of the Directive). Subchapters are:
Progress made by current PaMs in reducing emissions and improving air quality, and the
degree of compliance with national and Union obligations,
Progress made by current PaMs in improving air quality, and the degree of compliance with
national and Union air quality obligations ,
Current transboundary impact of national emission sources.
This chapter corresponds to Format´s Chapter 2.4. "Progress made by current PaMs in reducing
emissions and improving air quality, and the degree of compliance with national and Union
obligations.
4.1. PROGRESS MADE BY CURRENT PaMs IN REDUCING EMISSIONS,
AND THE DEGREE OF COMPLIANCE WITH NATIONAL AND UNION
EMISSION REDUCTION OBLIGATIONS
For measures intended to contribute to the emission reduction commitments under the NEC
Regulation and the NEC Directive, the expected (and realized) effect of the measure should be
expressed in terms of emission reductions to be achieved over a given timeframe.
As prescribed by the NEC Regulation and the NEC Directives, a good quality emission inventory as
well as a spatial distribution of emissions in the EMEP grid should be available at national level. In
accordance with the EMEP Reporting guidelines and guidebook (as set out in Annex IV of the
Directive), emission maps should be developed by using 0.1 ° x 0.1 ° (long-lat) resolution, which
Croatia has provided through the project: "Creating a register of emission of pollutants for small and
diffuse sources with spatial distribution in the EMEP high resolution grid"[4]. The project is the
implementation of a preventive measure for improve air quality MPR-11 from the Regulation on the
adoption of the Plan for the air protection, protection the ozone layer and climate change mitigation
in the Republic of Croatia for the period 2013-2017 (Official Gazette 139/13). The results of the
measure implementation are available on the web link: https://emep.haop.hr/. The results give a
spatial view of pollutant emissions in the territory of the Republic of Croatia and in zones with a
resolution of 0.1 ° x 0.1 ° (long lat) and for agglomerations in resolution 500 m x 500 m (long lat).
Realizing this measure, detailed data for modeling air quality on a high resolution scale are provided.
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U nastavnoj tablica 2.4.1. daje se pregled napretka u smanjenju emisija postignut postojećim PaM te
stupanj usklađenosti s nacionalnim obvezama i obvezama EU (M)
2.4.1. Progress made by current PaMs in reducing emissions, and the degree of compliance with national
and Union emission reduction obligations (M)
Describe progress
made by current
PaMs in reducing
emissions, and the
degree of
compliance with
national and
Union emission
reduction
legislation (M)
SO2
The total sulphur dioxide (SO2) emission in 2016 was amounted to 13.3 kt that is 11.1 %
lower than in 2015. Moreover, the SO2 emission in 2016 was decrease by 92.2 % compared
with 1990. One-half of (47.3 %) the sulphur dioxide emissions in 2016 derive from the
energy sector public electricity and heat production, 19.7% originates from fuel combustion
in manufacturing industry and construction, 22.5% from fugitive emissions from activities
in the Refining/storage sector, 8.3 % from small combustion (stationary and mobile). The
reduction is mainly occurs due to a transfer from fuels with high sulphur content to low-
sulphur fuels, for both road transport and stationary combustion. Also, the war for the
Croatian independence in the period 1991 – 1995 was the reason for the decline in fuel
consumption and overall production in almost all sectors and as consequence the decline in
emissions. Great decline in SO2 emission trend can be observed in 2000 due to second coal
thermal power plant (TPP) entering into operation in Croatia. Second TPP has a technique
for reducing SO2 emission (SO2 scrubbing process) with efficiency higher than 95%. The
second TPP on coal has approximately double capacity in comparison to first one. Since
2000, first TPP with no technique for the SO2 emission reduction is in operation only when
the electricity needs are higher (mainly in the summer). Since 1990, emissions from the
public electricity and heat production sector have declined by 92.8 %, from the
manufacturing industry and construction by 91.9 %, from transport sector by 98.3 %, from
small combustion by 94.9 %. Sulphur emissions from industrial processes and product use
sector, have also decreased, by 86.6 % compared to 1990, and are now around 22 tonnes,
due to a stopping of the aluminium production, pulp and paper production (Kraft process)
and carbon black production and also due to great reduction in production of sulphuric acid.
Increasing trend in SO2 emissions (by 41.1 % since 1990) has sector Refining/storage (NFR
1.B.2.a.iv) due to the installation of sulphur recovery plants, the first one in 1997 and second
in 2008 within the refineries. The SO2 emissions in 2016 was lower than the reduction
commitment of 70 kt set under the GP and the NEC Directive.
NOx
The NOx emission in 2016 amounted to 50.4 kt, which is a decline by 50.4 % since 1990
and increase by 1.2 % compare to 2015. Emissions from the energy sector in 2016 were
about 49.7 kt and account for about 93.6 % of the total NOx emission. Transport sector
(NFR 1.A.3) was the main contributor in energy sector in 2016, with contribution of 48.7 %
to the total of NOx emission, and with domination of road transport. In relation to the 1990
the NOx emission in transport sector has declined by 37 %, due to the introduction of
catalytic converters in cars and the subsequent successively more strict emission standards.
Energy stationary combustion sectors (including off-road mobile sources) also have
recorded a great decrease since 1990, mostly due to lower fuel consumption. Also, the war
for the Croatian independence in the period 1991 – 1995 was the reason for the decline in
fuel consumption and overall production in almost all sectors and as consequence the decline
in emissions. Since 2007 the trend of NOx emission has recorded decline due to the
economic crisis which still exists in Croatia. About 18.9 % of the NOx emissions in 2016
derive from small combustion sources (NFR 1.A.4 mobile and stationary), 13.2 % originates
from fuel combustion in manufacturing industry and construction (NFR 1.A.2) and 12.5 %
from the energy sector public electricity and heat production (NFR 1.A.1). All mentioned
sectors have recorded a decline since 1990, the sector 1.A.4 by 37 %, 1.A.2 by 70.2 % and
1.A.1 by 63.3 %. In the period between 2016 and 2015, two key sectors have recorded
decline of emission: 1.A.1 by 5.5 %, 1.A.2 by 4.7 % while other key sectors recorded an
increase: 1.A.3 by 1.6 %, 1.A.4 by 3.5 %, and 3.D by 8.7 %. The crop production and
agricultural soils is also source of NOx emissions in Croatia, with 4.3 % of contribution to
national NOx total in 2016. Those NO emissions occurs from soil microbial processes, and
has decreased by about 18.3 % between 1990 and 2016 mostly due to decrease in N-fertilizer
usage in crop production. The industrial processes and product use sector is not a significant
source of NOx emission in Croatia. In 2016 it contributed with 2.1 % and in 1990 with 2.8 %
to national NOx total. The emission in the sector has declined by about 60.5 % between
1990 and 2016, mostly due to stopping the production of aluminium, paper and pulp (Kraft
National Air Pollution Control Programme MZOE
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process) and carbon black production and also due to decline in productions. Compare to
previous year, this sector has recorded an increase by about 1 % which is an indicator of the
economic recovery. The NOx emission in 2016 was lower than the reduction
commitment of 87 kt set under the GP and the NEC Directive.
NH3
The NH3 emission in 2016 amounted to 35.2 kt. Emission has decrease by 34.4 % since
1990 and decrease since year before by 11.1 %. The overall trend of the NH3 emission from
livestock is decreasing and dependent on the number of animals (49% reduction from animal
sources in 2016 compared to 1990), and with the numbers of most of the animal categories
in continuous decline since 1990. The decline in period 1991 - 1995 is a result of the war
for the Croatian independence, while the reason for decline in the years after 2008 is
economic recession. NH3 emission from agricultural soils varies in correlation with the total
amount of N - mineral fertilizers applied in the period 1990 – 2016 (decrease of ~2 % in
2016 compared to 1990). Most dominant in the total NH3 emission from agricultural soils
in Croatia is the N-urea fertilizer (40% in 2016, 29% in 1990), followed by calcium
ammonium nitrate (27% in 2016, 29% in 1990) and complex NPK fertilizers (17% in 2016,
27% in 1990). Other types of fertilizers contribute with less than 1% of the total NH3
emission due to fertilizer application in 2016. The increase in the NH3 emission can be also
observed in transport sector with domination of the road transport (by about 17 times
compared to 1990) due to its formation in vehicles’ catalytic converters. The ammonia
emission in 2016 was above the value of 30 kt set under the GP and the NEC Directive.
NMVOC
The NMVOCs emission in 2016 amounted to 62.6 kt. Emissions of NMVOCs in 2016 have
sharply declined, by 58.9 % since 1990, and increase by 2.1 % compared to year before. The
decline since 1990 is strong in the industrial processes and product use sector (by 68.8 %)
and in transport sector (with road transport domination) (by 80.4 %). The sharply decreasing
trend since 1990 has occurred mainly due to reduced emissions from products containing
solvent partly as a result of implementation of best available techniques (BAT) in the
industrial processes and product use sector, also due to reducing the production activities
and continuous decreasing population trend. The road transport sector has also contributed
to this decreasing trend of NMVOC emission due to increased use of the energy-efficient
cars, the introduction of new exhaust requirements. Fugitive NMVOC emissions from oil
and natural gas products have also recorded a decline by 45.2 % since 1990. Also, the war
for the Croatian independence in the period 1991 – 1995 was the reason for the decline due
to lower fuel consumption and overall reduction of production activities in almost all sectors.
The economic crisis has contributed to further reduction of NMVOC emissions since 2007
Also, reduction since 2008 is a partly result of gradual replacement of certain percentage of
traditional domestic stoves and manual single hous boilers with advanced/ecolabelled stoves
and boilers and pellete stoves and boilersThe NMVOC emission in 2016 was below the
value of 90 kt set under the GP and the NEC Directive.
PM2,5
Total PM2.5 emission in 2016 has amounted to 20.5 kt. The emissions have decreased by
45.8 % since 1990 and stay at the same level compared to 2015. The energy sector is the
largest source of PM10 emission and accounts for about 91.6 % of the national total in 2016.
Small combustion and mainly biomass combustion in residential sector are key sources of
PM2.5 emission and account with 78.8 % to total emission in 2016. This sector has also
recorded an increase of 4.4 % comparing to 2015. Transport sector have contributed with
smaller extent with 8.8 % and has recorded an increase by 12.5 % since 1990. Road transport
has domination in PM2.5 emissions within the transport sector, with equal participation of
emissions that originate from fuel combustion and fugitive emissions from road wear and
tire and brake wear. The industrial processes and solvent use sector is also large source in
PM2.5 emissions (6.8 % in 2016), which has recorded a decrease by 6.6 % since 1990.
Combustion in industry and construction contributes to total national emissions with 2.3 %
in 2016 and in the period of 1990 this sector has significantly reduced the emission of PM2.5
(up to 84.6 %) due to reduced consumption of solid fuels and biomass and the simultaneous
increase in consumption and gaseous and liquid fuels. The trend of PM2.5 emissions has
several dips and peak between 1990 and 2016. Great decline in the period from 1991 to 1994
was a result of the war for the Croatian independence (1991 – 1995), due to lower fuel
consumption and overall reduction of production activities in almost all sectors. In 1994
began the reconstruction of areas devastated by war so the emissions from the sectors of
National Air Pollution Control Programme MZOE
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mineral products increased, and increasing trend lasted until 1999. Second increasing trend
started in 2002 mostly due to increase in road paving with asphalt, and with small influence
due to increasing of quarrying and mining, construction and demolition, cement production,
and inorganic chemicals production (such as carbon black, ammonium phosphate, urea and
NPK fertilizers). Road paving with asphalt has recorded great increase in 2002 mainly due
to the longest highway in Croatia “A1” (Dalmatians) was started to build from Zagreb to
Dubrovnik (total length 456 km). The economic crisis which most hit construction sector in
Croatia has contributed to reduction of PM2.5 emissions since 2008. A significant reduction
since 2005 is a result of gradual replacement of certain percentage of traditional domestic
stoves and manual single hous boilers with advanced/ecolabelled stoves and boilers and
pellete stoves and boilers.
PM10
Total PM10 emission in 2016 has amounted to 27.8 kt. The emissions have decreased by
45.8 % since 1990 and have increased by 0.2 % compared to 2015. The energy sector is the
largest source of PM10 emission and accounts for about 72.9 % of the national total in 2016.
Small combustion and mainly biomass combustion in residential sector are key sources of
PM10 emission and account with 60.7 % to total emission in 2016. Transport sector which
contributed with smaller extent (8 % in 2016) has recorded an increase by 17.3 % since
1990. Road transport has domination in PM10 emissions within the transport sector, with
equal participation of emissions that originate from fuel combustion and fugitive emissions
from road wear and tire and brake wear. The industrial processes and solvent use sector is
the second largest source in PM10 emissions (18.6 % in national PM10 total emission). This
sector is recorded a great increase (by 26.7 %) since 1990. The agriculture is also source of
PM10 emissions in Croatia, with 8.5 % of contribution to national total in 2016. The manure
management has contributed with 4.5 % to total PM10 emission in 2016, and the crop
production and agricultural soils with 4 %. Emissions from agriculture sector have decrease
since 1990 (for about 50 %), due to decline in number of animals and decline in crop
production. Combustion in Industry and construction contributes to total national emissions
by 1.8 % in 2016 and in the period since 1990 this sector has significantly reduced PM10
emission by 84.8 %, due to reduced consumption of solid fuels and biomass and the
simultaneous increase in consumption of gaseous and liquid fuels. The trend of PM10
emissions has several dips and peak between 1990 and 2016. Great decline in the period
from 1991 to 1994 was a result of the war for the Croatian independence (1991 – 1995), due
to lower fuel consumption and overall reduction of production activities in almost all sectors.
In 1994 began the reconstruction of areas devastated by war so the emissions from the
sectors of mineral products increased, and increasing trend lasted until 1999. Second
increasing trend started in 2002 mostly due to increase in road paving with asphalt, and with
small influence due to increasing of quarrying and mining, construction and demolition,
cement production, and inorganic chemicals production (such as carbon black, ammonium
phosphate, urea and NPK fertilizers). Road paving with asphalt has recorded great increase
in 2002 mainly due to the longest highway in Croatia “A1” (Dalmatians) was started to build
from Zagreb to Dubrovnik (total length 456 km). The economic crisis which most hit
construction sector in Croatia has contributed to reduction of PM10 emissions since 2008. A
significant reduction since 2005 is a result of gradual replacement of certain percentage of
traditional domestic stoves and manual single hous boilers with advanced/ecolabelled stoves
and boilers and pellete stoves and boiler.
Provide complete
references
(chapter and page)
to publically
available
supporting
datasets (e.g.
historic emission
inventory
reporting) (M)
REPUBLIC OF CROATIA 2018 INFORMATIVE INVENTORY REPORT (1990-2016),
Chapter III Emission trends by pollutant (p. 80–104)
Link HAOP: http://www.haop.hr/hr/emisije-oneciscujucih-tvari-u-zrak-na-podrucju-
republike-hrvatske/emisije-oneciscujucih-tvari-u
Link CEIP:
http://www.ceip.at/ms/ceip_home1/ceip_home/status_reporting/2018_submissions
Portal of Spatial disaggegated emissions
- Emission register for small and diffuse sources, as well as all other (present) mobile
and stationary sources by zones (whole territory of Croatia) and agglomerations
(Zagreb, Rijeka, Split and Osijek) and separately for city of Slavonski Brod..
- Spatially disaggregated emission inventory in the EMEP grid 0,1x0,1 ° long-
lat (approximately 10x10 km) for the entire territory of the Republic of
Croatia and for agglomerations on a resolution 0.5 km x 0.5 km, including
the city of Slavonski Brod.
National Air Pollution Control Programme MZOE
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Link CAEN: https://emep.haop.hr/
Include graphics
illustrating the
emission reductions
per pollutant and/or
per main sectors
(O)
The charts below illustrate the annual emissions of six major air pollutants in Croatia
inperiod 1990 - 2016. SOx emissions have the greatest downward trend, followed by NOx,
non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) and ammonia (NH3), all of which are
O3 precursors. The most serious pollutants in Europe in terms of human health threats are
PM, NO2 and ground level O3. The most important effects of air pollution on national
ecosystems are eutrophication, acidification and vegetation damage due to O3 exposure.
Since sulfur emissions have been reduced, NH3 emissions from agricultural activity and
NOx from the combustion processes have become dominant in terms of acidification and
eutrophication of the ecosystem.
The SO2 emissions (kt/yr) and percentage share by sector and variation in SO2 emissions
(Source: Republic of Croatia 2018 Informative Inventory Report (1990-2016))
The NOX emissions (kt/yr) and percentage share by sector and variation in NOX emissions
(Source: Republic of Croatia 2018 Informative Inventory Report (1990-2016))
1 A 11 A 2
1 A 31 A 4
1 B 22
TOTAL
-150 -100 -50 0 50 100
1 A 1
58.3%1 A 2
21.7%
1 A 3
3.3%
1 A 4
14.5%
1 B 2
1.4%2
0.7%
1990
1 A 1
41.0%
1 A 2
21.5%1 A 3
0.7%
1 A 4
9.5%
1 B 2
25.7%
2
1.6%
2016
1 A 1
17.0%
1 A 2
22.2%1 A 3
38.8%
1 A 4
16.2%
1 B 2
0.3%
2
2.6%3 D
2.6%1990
1 A 1
12.8%1 A 2
13.1%
1 A 3
48.6%
1 A 4
18.5%
1 B 2
0.3%
2
1.9%
3 D
4.6%
2016
1 A 11 A 2
1 A 31 A 4
1 B 22
3 D TOTAL
-100 -50 0
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The NH3 emissions (kt/yr) and percentage share by sector and variation in NH3 emissions
(Source: Republic of Croatia 2018 Informative Inventory Report (1990-2016))
The NMVOCs emissions (kt/yr) and percentage share by sector and variation in NMVOCs
(Source: Republic of Croatia 2018 Informative Inventory Report (1990-2016))
The PM2.5 emissions (kt/yr) and percentage share by sector and variation in PM2.5
emissions
1 A 11 A 2
1 A 42
3 D 3 B
5TOTAL
-80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40
1 A 1
0.03%
1 A 2
0.1%1 A 3
1.4% 1 A 4
6.9%
1 B 2
0.2%2
6.2%
3 B
59.8%
3 D
23.5%
5
1.7%
20161 A 1
0.02%
1 A 2
0.3%1 A 3
0.1%1 A 4
5.6%
1 B 2
0.4%2
6.6%
3 B
70.2%
3 D
15.5%
5
1.3%1990
1 A 1
0.7%1 A 2
3.0%
1 A 3
23.1%
1 A 4
16.5%
1 B 2
4.1%
2
43.3%
3 B
7.9%
3 D
0.7%
5
0.6%1990 1 A 1
0.6% 1 A 2
2.2%
1 A 3
10.6%
1 A 4
29.4%
1 B 2
5.5%
2
35.0%
3 B
12.4%
3 D
1.0%
5
3.4%2016
1 A 11 A 2
1 A 31 A 4
1 B 22
3 D 5
TOTAL
-100 -50 0 50 100 150
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(Source: Republic of Croatia 2018 Informative Inventory Report (1990-2016))
The PM10 emissions (kt/yr) and percentage share by sector and variation in PM10
emissions
(Source: Republic of Croatia 2018 Informative Inventory Report (1990-2016))
1 A 1
2.4%
1 A 2
7.8%1 A 3
4.1%
1 A 4
77.8%
1 B 2
0.9%
2
3.9%
3 B
2.0%
3 D
0.2%1990 1 A 1
2.2%1 A 2
2.2%
1 A 3
8.4%
1 A 4
76.8%
1 B 2
0.9% 2
6.8%
3 B
1.8%
3 D
0.2%2016
1 A 11 A 2
1 A 31 A 4
23 D
3 BTOTAL
-100 -50 0 50
1 A 1
3.1%1 A 2
6.5%1 A 3
3.8%
1 A 4
64.0%
1 B 2
1.6%
2
8.4%
3 B
7.8%
3 D
4.1%1990 1 A 1
2.2%1 A 2
1.8%
1 A 3
7.6%
1 A 4
58.2%
1 B 2
1.4%
2
17.7%
3 B
6.6%
3 D
4.1%
2016
1 A 11 A 2
1 A 31 A 4
23 D
1 B 23 B
TOTAL
-100 -50 0 50
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4.2. PROGRESS MADE BY CURRENT PaMs IN IMPROVING AIR
QUALITY, AND THE DEGREE OF COMPLIANCE WITH NATIONAL AND
UNION AIR QUALITY OBLIGATIONS
According to the EC report: „The First Clean Air Outlook“ 11 air pollution remains a major
environmental and health problem in the EU. Many European cities suffer from poor air quality and
exceed the EU standards set out in the Ambient Air Quality Directive 2008/50/EC12, and still more
exceed the guidelines recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). The European
Environment Agency has estimated that around 400 000 people died prematurely in the EU in 2015
as a result of air pollution13.
The EU review of air policy in 2011-2013 culminated in the Clean Air Policy Package of December
201314 . This comprised a communication – a Clean Air Programme for Europe 15 - and three
legislative proposals, to control emissions from Medium Combustion Plants, adopted as Directive
(EU) 2015/2193 ('the MCPD')16; to ratify the amendment of the 2012 Gothenburg Protocol setting
emission reductions for 2020, adopted as Council Decision 2017/1757/EU17; and to set new national
reduction commitments for 2030 in a new Directive on the reduction of emissions of certain
atmospheric pollutants, adopted as Directive (EU) 2016/2284 (the 'NECD')18.
The 2013 Clean Air Programme, among others proposed that there should be a regular report on the
air quality situation in Europe, covering the prospects for emission reduction and progress towards
the EU's objectives.With the adoption of the NECD in December 2016, the analytical basis has been
updated, and this first edition of the 'Clean Air Outlook' aims to fulfil that brief, and to provide context
for Member States' work in developing the National Air Pollution Control Programmes due under the
NECD by 1 April 2019.
The First Clean Air Outlook provides an overview of current air emissions and air quality. It is
reported that in the 21st century the positive trend in reduction of the main air pollutants in the EU
has continued, as has the decoupling from economic growth. Overall, during the 2000-2015 period,
the EU's combined GDP grew by 32% while emissions of the main air pollutants decreased by
between 10% (for ammonia - NH3) and 70% (for sulphur oxides - SOx). However, there are still
major problems with exceedence of the EU's air quality limit values. For 2015, up to 20% of the EU-
28 urban population was exposed to levels above the EU daily limit value for particulate matter
(PM10). For fine particulate matter (PM2.5), up to 8 % of the urban population was exposed to
concentrations above the EU limit value of 25 μg/m3, and more than 82% to levels above the much
stricter WHO guideline value of 10 μg/m3. For nitrogen dioxide (NO2) the annual limit value
continues to be widely exceeded across Europe, with concentrations above the identical EU and WHO
limit in 22 Member States, to which up to 9% of the urban population are exposed. For ozone, 18
Member States registered concentrations above the EU target value, and up to 30% of the EU urban
population lived in areas in which the target value was exceeded, with more than 95% living in areas
where the stricter WHO guideline was exceeded 19 . It also states that there are currently 30
infringement procedures open against Member States concerning Directive 2008/50/EC, 16 for
exceedance of PM10 limit values, 13 for exceedance of NO2 limit values, and one for exceedance of
SO2 limit values.
11 COM(2018) 446 final 12 OJ L 152, 11.06.2008, p. 1 – 44 13 European Enviroment Agency (EEA), October 2017, ‘Air quality in Europe - 2017 report’ 14 eng. Clean Air Policy Package (vidjeti: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/clean_air/review.htm) 15 COM(2013)918 final (eng. Clean Air Programme for Europe) 16 Directive (EU) 2015/2193 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 November 2015 on the limitation of emissions of
certain pollutants into the air from medium combustion plants 17 OJ L 248, 27.9.2017, p. 3 - 75 18 OJ L 344 of 17.12.2016, p. 1 19 European Environment Agency (EEA), October 2017, ‘Air quality in Europe - 2017 report’
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Although the emissions of all pollutants have been reduced at the source, observing the historic trend
since 1990, concentrations of air pollutants have not been sufficiently reduced over the last few years.
As in most European cities, as well as in Croatia, the largest population lives in cities where the air
quality standards have been exceeded. The most common exceedances are for ground level ozone
(O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and small particles (PM), but also for benzo(a)pyrene in the floating
particles PM10 (BaP in PM10). Emissions that affect environmental pollution, but at the same time
record a decline in the historical trend, even in the part since the air quality in Croatia is being
monitored, do not, however, cause a linear decrease in local pollution concentration.
EU Direktive on air quality ie CAFE Direktive 2008/50/EC of the European Parliament and of the
Council on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe, came into force on 11 June 2008. [Oj L
152, 11.6.2008.]. In Croatian legislation it has been applied through the Air Protection Low, The
Regulation on levels of pollutants in ambient air (Official Gazette 117/12) and the Ordinance on
monitoring air quality (Official Gazette 79/17).
The CAFE Directive includes the following pollutants for which the assessment of ambient air quality
is carried out (Article 4, Chapter II, Section 1 and Section 2):
- sulphur dioxide,
- nitrogen dioxide and oxides of nitrogen,
- particulate matter (PM10 i PM2,5),
- lead,
- benzene,
- carbon monoxide and
- ozone.
In addition to the CAFE Directive, Directive 2004/107/EC of the European Parliament and of the
Council i sin force, concerning:
- arsenic,
- cadmium,
- mercury,
- nickel and
- benzo(a)pyrene (as an indicator of pollution by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons).
According to Article 19, paragraph 1, the ZOZZ assessment of air quality in zones and agglomerations
shall be carried out for the following pollutants:
- sulphur dioxide,
- nitrogen dioxide and oxides of nitrogen,
- particulate matter (PM10 i PM2,5),
- lead,
- benzene,
- carbon monoxide and
- ozone,
- arsenic,
- cadmium,
- mercury,
- nickel and
- benzo(a)pyrene
Air quality assessment and modeling for the purpose of assessment referred to in Article 19-22 and
reporting from Article 120 to the territory of the Republic of Croatia pursuant to Article 6, paragraph
3, ZOZZ shall be implemented by the DHMZ and provided by the Ministry.
Air quality monitoring, monitoring of air pollutant emissions from stationary sources, approval of
measurement systems for continuous measurement of emissions from stationary sources and
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monitoring of product quality in accordance with Article 6 paragraph 4 are performed by legal
entities - test laboratories. Some of the legal requirements for conducting air quality monitoring
activities are:
- have measuring equipment for performing air quality monitoring activities according to the
reference measurement methods prescribed by the Regualtion on Air Quality Monitoring and
has been accredited according to the requirements of the harmonized standards for test and
calibration laboratories for each reference measurement method, separately, that is, to
have a certificate from a reference laboratory for the measurement quality assurance and air
quality data assurance for each reference measurement method (Article 55, paragraph 1, sub-
paragraph 4, ZOZZ).
- that, if it uses other measurement methods for which reference methods are prescribed by the
Regulation on Air Quality Monitoring, the legal entity must be accredited on the request of
the harmonized standard for test and calibration laboratories or have a reference laboratory
certified to ensure the measurement and data quality for each measurement method have the
certificate of equivalence of other methods of measurement with reference methods carried
out in accordance with the standards of the European Commission (Article 55, paragraph 2,
ZOZZ).
- if it uses other measurement methods for which no reference methods are prescribed by the
Regulation on Air Quality Monitoring, the legal entity must be accredited according to the
requirements of the harmonized standard for test and calibration laboratories for these
methods (Article 55, paragraph 3, ZOZZ).
The activity for ensuring quality of measurement and air quality data on the territory of the Republic
of Croatia is performed by a reference laboratory (Article 60, paragraph 1 of the ZOZZ. The reference
laboratory shall issue certification to the testing laboratories to ensure the quality of measurement and
air quality data for each measurement method, in particular on the basis of the measurement of
traceability (Article 60, paragraph 3). Funding for the participation of a reference laboratory on
international testing of the capacity of reference laboratories and for cooperation with EU Member
States and the European Commission to ensure comparability and quality of measurement is provided
by the Ministry (Article 62, paragraph 1). One of the conditions for a legal entity to perform quality
assurance of measurement activities and air quality data is:
– accredited on the request of harmonized standards for test and calibration laboratories
for one or more reference measurement methods prescribed by the Regulation on Air Quality
Monitoring.
Pursuant to Article 23 of the CAFE Directive and Article 46 of the ZOZZ, where, in given zones or
agglomerations, the levels of pollutants in ambient air exceed any limit value or target value, plus any
relevant margin of tolerance in each case, Member States shall ensure that air quality plans are
established for those zones and agglomerations in order to achieve the related limit value or target
value specified in Annexes XI and XIV of CAFE Direktive. In the event of exceedances of those limit
values for which the attainment deadline is already expired, the air quality plans shall set out
appropriate measures, so that the exceedance period can be kept as short as possible. The air quality
plans may additionally include specific measures aiming at the protection of sensitive population
groups, including children. Those air quality plans shall incorporate at least the information listed in
Section A of Annex XV of the CAFE Directive and Article 46(3) of the ZOZZ and may include
measures pursuant to Article 24 of the CAFE Directive and Article 47(4) of the ZOZZ. Those plans
shall be communicated to the Commission without delay, but no later than two years after the end of
the year the first exceedance was observed. Where air quality plans must be prepared or implemented
in respect of several pollutants, Member States shall, where appropriate, prepare and implement
integrated air quality plans covering all pollutants concerned. Member States shall, to the extent
feasible, ensure consistency with other plans required under Directive 2001/80/EC, Directive
2001/81/EC or Directive 2002/49/EC in order to achieve the relevant environmental objectives.
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According to CAFE directives, Member States shell reduce population exposure to fine
particulate matter PM2.5, targets are set at national level and are based on an average exposure
indicator (AEI). AEI is determined on the basis of measurements lasting the three-calendar year
running annual mean PM2,5 concentration averaged over all measurement points at urban background
locations throughout the territory of a Member State and which reflects population exposure.
In 2010, the Document on Assessment of ambient air quality in the territory of the State and
application of Annex XIV of the new Air Quality Directive and the Clean Air for Europe
2008/50/EC20, which was the basis for negotiations on the base year for the AEI calculation
(http://iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/datoteka?id=30810) was prepared. For the Republic of Croatia, the EU
Accession Treaty defined 2015 as the base year for the calculation of AEI, which means that the AEI
is defined as the average measured values of the PM2,5 and is 20.6 μg/m3.
The document provides a proposal for a PM2,5 concentration measurement program with a aim of
reducing exposure at the national level in four urban background locations in Zagreb, Rijeka, Split
and Osijek and one rural background location. The proposed measurement program was implemented
through the Regulation establishing the list of measurement points for monitoring over the
concentration of certain pollutants in the air and location of monitoring stations in the national
network for permanent air quality monitoring (Official Gazette 65/16).
Four locations mentined above in agglomerations required for the calculation of AEI are:
– Aglomeration HR ZG: location Zagreb, Ksaverska cesta for AEI PM2,5,
– Aglomeration HR RI: location Rijeka-2 for AEI PM2,5,
– Aglomeration HR ST: location Split for AEI PM2,5,
– Aglomeration HR OS: location Osijek for AEI PM2,5.
At location ZAGREB AEI PM2,5 - Ksaverska cesta PM2,5 measurements are caried out since 2005
while measurements at Rijeka-2 for AEI PM2,5 began on May 13, 2015. According to the Air
Pollution Standards Measurement Program for Continuous Air Quality Monitoring (Official Gazette
73/16) measurements at the stations Split and Osijek must begin no later than 31 December 2019.
In 2016, the document on the potential for achieving national exposure reduction target, was prepared
on the basis of the average exposure indicator for PM2.5 for 2015 21
(http://iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/datoteka?id=30809) in which the exposure analysis analysis based on then
available measurements at the stations: " Ksaverska cesta for AEI PM2.5" (urban area) and "Plitvice
Lakes" (rural area - National Park) is presented.
According to the Elaborate, the prediction of AEI PM2.5 for 2020 is 16.4 μg/m3. If prevision is
achieved, this would mean that the national exposure reduction target of 20% will not be
achieved.
Based on measurements at ZAGREB AEI PM2.5 - Ksaverska cesta, a marked seasonal
dependency of the concentration was determined with higher values during cold and low values
during the hot part of the year. Measurement results at the rural background location Plitvice
Lakes show that there is no seasonal PM2.5 concentration trend. The analysis of the PM2.5
chemical composition shows that the variability of anion, cation and organic and inorganic
carbon concentrations can be due to the contribution of multiple sources of pollution, long-
range transport, physical and chemical properties of measured pollutants and of meteorological
parameters. The most important sources can be the processes of combustion of fossil fuels and
20 Procjena kakvoće zraka na teritoriju države i primjena dodatka xiv. nove direktive o kakvoći zraka i čišćem zraku za Europu 2008/50/EZ, naručitelj Ministarstvo, autor: K. Šega, Zagreb, veljača 2010. 21 Elaborate on the possibilities of achieving targeted exposure reduction at national level based on the average exposure indicator for
PM2.5 for 2015, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, October 2016.
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biomass, transport, particle resuspension from the surface, secondary aerosols and long-range
transport.
In following Table 2.4.2. an overview of the progress made in improving the air quality achieved by
the existing PAM and the degree of compliance with the national obligations and obligations of the
EU is presented (M)
2.4.2. Progress made by current PaMs in improving air quality, and the degree of compliance with national
and Union air quality obligations (M):
Describe progress
made by current
PaMs in improving
air quality, and the
degree of compliance
with national and
Union air quality
obligations by, as a
minimum, specifying
the number of air
quality zones, out of
the total air quality
zones, that are
(non)compliant with
EU air quality
objectives for NO2,
PM10, PM2,5 and O3,
and any other
pollutant(s) for
which there are
exceedances (M)
Locations and measurement programme in the national network for air quality monitoring
are prescribed by the Regulation on the establishment of a list of measurement points for
the concentration of certain air pollutants and the location of the measurement stations in
the national network for permanent monitoring (Official Gazette, No. 65/16) and the Air
pollution measurement programme in national network for continuous air quality
monitoring (Official Gazette, No. 73/16).
Previously in force were the Regulation on the establishment of a list of measurement
points for the monitoring of concentrations of certain air pollutants and the location of
measurement stations in the national network for continuous air quality monitoring
(Official Gazette, No. 22/14) and the Air pollution measurement programme in national
network for continuous air quality monitoring (Official Gazette 103/14, corr. 117/14).
The progress made by the current PAM in improving air quality and degree of alignment
with national legislation and EU legislation is displayed by reviewing air quality
monitoring in 2013 (when the Republic of Croatia joined the EU) and in 2016 (the latest
available annual report).
List of measurement points for assessment of pollution (compliance) for zones and
agglomeration (color is indicated if data coverage was met in 2013):
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(Source: Annual Report on Air Quality Monitoring in the Republic of Croatia
for 2013, CAEN, December 2014)
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List of measurement points for assessment of pollution (compliance) for zones and
agglomeration (colors are indicated to indicate whether data coverage was met in 2016):
(Source: Annual Report on Air Quality Monitoring in the Republic of Croatia
for 2016, CAEN, November 2017)
Below is a overview of exceedances for the period 2013-2016 based on the data published
in the annual reports on air quality monitoring in the Republic of Croatia available on:
http://iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/godizvrpt.htm?pid=0&t=0.
Exceedances in zones / aglomerations determined on the basis of a combination of
analysis of measurement results and objective estimates for the period 2013-2016 are next:
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Compliant NO2 benzene O3 PM10 PM2.5 BaP in PM10
2013 0 0 1 3 1 0
2014 0 0 2 3 0 2
2015 1 1 6 3 1 2
2016 1 0 5 3 2 2
Excedances of NO2 were recorded only in the agglomeration Zagreb (HR ZG).
Excedances of benzene only in the Industrial zone (HR 2).
Excedances of benzo(a)pyrene were recorded only in the agglomeration Zagreb (HR
ZG) and in the Industrial zone (HR 2).
Following table presents number of compliant zones / aglomerations:
Compliant NO2 benzene O3 PM10 PM2.5 BaP in PM10
2013 8 8 2 1 1 6
2014 9 8 4 3 3 4
2015 8 8 2 6 8 4
2016 8 8 3 6 6 4
The compliance for zones / agglomerations was not evaluated if there were no
measurements or the coverage of data was less than 85%. Moreover, modeling data
could not be used to assess compliance for PM10 and PM2.5 because the levels of
contamination in all zones and agglomerations were higher than lower assessment
threshold (LAT). Also, modeling data could not be used to evaluate compliance for
ground-level ozone in zones and agglomerations since pollution levels in all zones
and agglomerations are higher than long-term objective (LTO).
Following table shows the number of unrated zones / agglomerations::
Unrated NO2 benzene O3 PM10 PM2.5 BaP in PM10
2013 1 1 6 5 7 3
2014 0 1 3 3 6 3
2015 0 0 1 0 0 3
2016 0 1 1 0 1 3
Compliance assessment for each zone / aglomeration for ground-level ozone in the period
2013-2016 is shown in following table:
2013 2014 2015 2016
HR ZG
HR RI
HR ST
HR OS
HR 1
HR 2
HR 3
HR 4
HR 5
Oznake: compliance
non-cpmpliance
unrated
The difference in the number of excedances for ground-level ozone in 2013 and 2016
is the result of the availability of dana and not the change in the level of pollution.
Ground-level ozone pollution is a subject to natural interannual variability as seen
from thecondition in agglomerations Zagreb (HR ZG) and Rijeka (HR RI). As can
be expected, in the rural areas of coastal and mountainous regions of Croatia, ie
zones HR 3, HR 4 and HR 5, the problem of pollution with ground-level ozone is
more expressed than in agglomerations.
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A more detailed overview of the exceedance of the measurement stations in the zones /
agglomerations in the period 2013-2016 is showed in the following table:
Zone/aglomeration Measurement
station NO2 benzene O3 PM10 PM2.5
BaP in
PM10
HR ZG
Zagreb-1 2013NP
2015
2016 2016
2013 2014
2015
2016
2015
2016
Zagreb-3
2013
2014
2015 2016
2014
2015 2016
Velika Gorica* 2015 2016
HR OS Osijek-1
2013
2014 2015
2016
HR RI Rijeka-2
2013
2015
HR 1 Desinić
2015
2016
HR 2
Slavonski Brod-1
2013
2014 2015
2016
Sisak-1
2015
2013 2014
2015
2016
2014
2015
2016
Kutina-1
2013NP
2014
2015 2016
HR 3 Parg
2014
2015
2016
HR 4 Pula Fižela*
2015
2016
HR 5
Hum (islad Vis)
2013NP
2014 2015
2016
Žarkovica
(Dubrovnik)
2013NP 2015
2016
Remark
* measurement stations that are not part of the national network but are used for the purposes of data
exchange until the establishment of new national network stations NP the data coverage was not satisfied
Provide complete
references (chapter
and page) to
publically available
supporting datasets
(e.g. air quality
plans, source
apportionment) (M)
All information related to air quality monitoring and air quality improvement action plans
are publicly available on the CAEN web site: http://iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/index.html
AIR QUALITY REPORTING
By accession to the EU, the Republic of Croatia is overtaken the obligation to provide
information / data on air quality to the European Commission. For this reason, CAEN
developed the portal "Air Quality in the Republic of Croatia" in 2014 and through the
portal since 2014 (data for 2013), the Republic of Croatia submits air quality data to the
European Commission and thus fulfills all reporting air quality obligations required by
the Implementation Decision IPR.
In this way, all relevant information / air quality information is provided:
– Data on zones and agglomerations (B),
– Data on assessment system (C),
– Data on networks and measurement stations (metadata) (D),
– Original and validated data (E),
– Pollution assessment with exceedances of limit and taregt values (G),
– Information on air quality improvement plans (H),
– Information on source appointment (I),
– Information on scenario for the year of achievement (J),
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– Information on measures to improve air quality (K).
Within the framework of the IPA 2013 Project "Strengthening environmental protection
inspection for the effective control of air quality monitoring and emissions trading system,
in order to achieve better air quality in the Republic of Croatia", an analysis of air quality
reporting was conducted and it was concluded that data exchange according to the EC, it
proceeds satisfactorily and according to the planned schedule.
Information on Action Plans submitted to the European Commission:
In 2015, for the exceedances in 2013, information from the following action plans was
submitted to the EC:
Action plan for the improvement of air quality in the City of Zagreb – for
exceedances of GV for particulate matter PM10
Action plan for reduction of concentration levels for particulate matter PM10 in
the City of Sisak - for exceedances of GV for particulate matter PM10
Action plan for PM10 emission reduction in the City of Kutina – for exceedances
of GV for particulate matter PM10
Action plan for pollution reduction with particulate matter (PM10) for the City of
Osijek - for exceedances of GV for particulate matter PM10
For exceedance of CV of ground-level ozone in the City of Rijeka, ground-level
ozone pollution reduction measures from the Action Plan for the Reduction of
ground-level ozone pollution in the City of Rijeka have been submitted (ZOZZ
for exceedances of CV sets out the drafting and adoption of the Action Plan and
in accordance with Directive 2008/50/EU for exceedance of CV is only
mandatory to submit only measures).
In 2016, information on the implementation of the action plans for exceedances in 2014
was submitted. The implementation of the action plans shall be reported in such a way
that the information already sent is updated on an annual basis if necessary. In 2016, for
the exceedances in 2014, information was provided from:
– Action Plan for improvement of air quality in the City of Zagreb - For CV
exceedances for BaP in PM10.
All prepared current action plans can be found on the air quality portal in CRO on the
HAOP web site link: http://iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/godizvrpt.htm?pid=0&t=4.
All information on the action plans submitted to the EC are publicly available and is also
available on the Croatian Air Quality portal at the HAOP pages at the links (for years of
data delivery):
– Information on air quality improvement plans (H):
http://iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/hPlan.htm,
– Information on source appointment (I):
http://iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/iSourceAppointment.htm,
– Information on scenario for the year of achievement (J):
http://iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/jEvaluation.htm,
– Information on measures to improve air (K):
http://iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/kMeasure.htm.
In 2017 information was submitted for the Action Plan for the City of Slavonski Brod for
the PM2.5 exceedances in 2013, which was adopted in 2016,
– Action Plan for improvement of air quality in the City of Slavonski Brod
Maps or histograms
illustrating the
current ambient air
concentrations (for
at least NO2, PM10,
PM2,5 and O3, and
any other
pollutant(s) that
present(s) a
problem) and which
Maps for SO2, NO2, PM10, PM2,5, O3, heavy methals and B(a)P concentrations for period
2001-2015 are provide din document: Objective assessment of ambient air quality in
zones of the Republic of Croatia for 2016 (DHMZ, Zagreb, September 2017) available at
link: http://iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/datoteka?id=69590.
Objective assessment of ambient air quality are performed, measurements are carried out
for all areas (zones) where air quality measurements are not carried out, where
measurements are carried out by some non - standardized methods or where the
measurements are carried out by a standardized method for which no equivalence tests
with the reference method have not been performed, but only where the levels of pollutant
concentrations in the area considered are less than the lower assessment threshold (LAT)
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show, for instance,
the number of zones,
out of the total air
quality zones, that
are (non)compliant
in the base year and
in the reporting year
(O)
or long-term objective (LTO) in accordance with Articles 6 and 9 of Directive
2008/50/EC.
The results were obtained using the latest version of the EMEP model from 2016. A 50
km x 50 km spatial model was used, which is intended primarily for assessing the
influence of regional and longe-range transmissions of air pollutants. The model
resolution was not fine enough to estimate concentration levels in cases where local
sources of local pollution dominate. Modeling in fine resolution (0,1⁰ x 0,1⁰) at national
level and at the level of AQ zones and agglomerations has not yet been carried out.
Below are the maps for 2015.
SO2 The modeled values of annual SO2 concentrations are less than 2 μg/m3 in the larger
Croatian area. Values ranging from 2-10 μg/m3 are for areas bordering Bosnia and
Herzegovina (BiH) (Republika Srpska) and Republic of Serbia (RS), which is expected
due to large point emissions sources in those countries.
On the whole territory of the Republic of Croatia the annual SO2 concentrations are below
the lower assessment threshold (50 μg/m3) with respect to human health as well as the
lower assessment threshold (8 μg/m3) with respect to the protection of vegetation.
NO2
Annual concentrations of NO2 are the highest near to industrial sources ie in
agglomerations. Calculated values of NO2 concentrations range from 2 to 10 μg/m3 below
the lower assessment threshold considering human health (26 μg/m3) as well as the lower
assessment threshold of critical level for nitrogen oxide with respect to the protection of
vegetation and natural ecosystems (19.5 μg/m3).
Although the dominant sources of nitrogen oxides are included in emission data, the large
spatial scale of the model does not allow precise determination of concentrations in areas,
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where there are key individual or isolated sources of nitrogen oxides emissions (cement
industry, power plants, refineries etc.).
PM10
Annual concentrations of PM10 move around 8-18 μg/m3. Calculated concentrations are
below the lower assessment threshold considering human health (20 μg/m3). Spatial
distribution of annual concentrations for PM10 changes from year to year which largely
depend on meteorological conditions. It can be noticed that the maximum load
considering particulate matter PM10 is in zones HR01, HR04 and HR05 while in the zone
HR02 concentration is a bit lower.
The modeled values of the PM10 concentrations are comparable only to the values
measured at rural stations and can be considered as reliable within the prescribed limits
of uncertainty of measurement / modeling for particulate matter PM10 (uncertainty limit
is 50%). Some deviations in relation to the measured values were obtained at the Kopački
rit measurement station, where the mean annual concentrations are 20.6 μg/m3, while the
results of the calculation are about 18 μg/m3, which is within the limits of the model's
eligibility.
PM2.5
Modeled PM2.5 concentrations range from 6-16 μg/m3 and throughout the all CRO area
are below the upper assessment threshold (16 μg/m3).
At measurement station Kopački rit, measured values of PM2.5 concentrations are higher
than the modeled values and indicate the influence of the potential natural source of
emission.
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Ozone
The results of the calculation of the concentration for ground-level ozone indicate that the
average daily values of ground-level ozone are high and there is a gradient of increasing
concentrations going from the continental part of Croatia to the Adriatic. The mean daily
concentrations are in the range of 60-100 μg/m3, which is comparable to the values
obtained by the measurements.
Although there is a slight decrease in the mean concentration values (primarily in the
coastal area), the values do not change significantly from year to year.
Heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg) and persistent organic compaunds (BaP)
The modeled values of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) concentrations are compared with the
measured values, while values for benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) are significantly underestimated.
However, measurements are carried out in areas with a high impact of local sources so it
is not possible to give a final judgment whether the modeled values are really
underestimated in the areas of the zones where the measurements were not performed.
Spatial distribution of mean annual values of concentrations for heavy metals (Pb, Cd,
Hg) and persistent organic compounds (BaP).
The resolution of spatial distribution model represents the biggest obstacle to the final
assessment. However, taking into account the fact that B(a P is the highest in cities,
agglomerations and industrial centers, it is estimated that rural areas (HR01, HR03, HR04
and HR05) do not exceed the target value of 1 ng/m3 for BaP.
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Where problems are
identified in (an) air
quality zone(s),
describe how
progress was made
in reducing the
maximum
concentrations
reported (O)
Graphs show the change of the pollutant parameters in the period 2013-2016 based on the
data submitted to EC.
Concentration of PM10
Exceedance of GV occurs only in the lowland continental Croatia. On the measurement
stations that record exceedances of GV, the daily concentration is significantly higher than
allowed. Only one measurement location (Kutina-1) has an average annual concentration
greater than GV. Measurements do not indicate a decrease in annual PM10 concentrations
or the number of GV exceedance for daily PM10 concentrations, but in most cases the data
indicate year-to-year variability as shown in the following figures.
At measurement station Zagreb-1 data indicates year-to-year variability of annual
concentration and number of exceedances at the site.
At Zagreb-3 measurement station there is no significant year-to-year variability of
exceedances. At this location for 2013 and 2014 the corrected data for measurements by
non-reference automatic method are displayed, while for 2015 and 2016 the results of
corrected gravimetric measurements are displayed. Corrected measurement data by the
non-reference automatic method at the Zagreb-3 measurement station in a four-year
period show significant year-to-year variability which is not the same sign, as in Zagreb-
1.
At the location Osijek-1, the annual concentration changes very little and the number of
exceedances has year-to-year variability.
On Sisak-1 all data relates to gravimetric measurements. For the period 2013 - 2016
measurement data performed by non-reference automatic method at Osijek-1 and Kutina-
1 samling locations are corrected with correction functions. Correction functions from
Zagreb-1 station were used for Osijek-1, and correction functions from Sisak-1 station
were used for Kutina-1.
At Sisak-1 location data show year-to-year variability, ie there is no clear trend.
At location Kutina-1 data show a significant increase in GV daily concentrations, and in
2015 and 2016 the exceedence of GV for annual PM10 concentrations were noted.
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Concentrations of PM2.5
At the location Slavonski Brod-1 measurements indicates point on exceedance of the
PM2.5 limit value. Corrected measurement data by automatic non-reference method give
slightly higher values than the gravimetric measurements in 2015 and 2016 as shown in
the figure below. The PM2.5 measurements at the location Velika Gorica started in May
2015 and showed exceedance of GV in 2016, and an action plan is yet to be created for
that location.
Concentrations of B(a)P in PM10
The annual concentrations of B(a)P at Zagreb-1 and Sisak-1 locations are increasing from
2013 to 2015 and then falling in 2016. At the location Zagreb-3 measurements began in
June 2014, and the concentrations also show a fall in 2016. At locations Zagreb-1 and
Sisak-1 changes in annual concentration of B(a)P in PM10 do not follow changes in annual
PM10 concentrations.
Concentrations of NO2
NO2 has been exceeded only at one of stations that are used for reporting to EC. Annual
NO2 concentration was higher than the limit value at Zagreb-1 station in 2015 and 2016,
while in 2014 it was at the border of it (40 g/m3). Due to the insufficient data coverage
for 2015, no annual average NO2 concentration has been reported. Concentration values
in the graph shown a small variability around the limit value.
Benzene (C6H6)
Benzene has only been exceeded at one of the stations used for reporting to EC ie at station
Sisak-1. In all years the data coverage was less than 90%. In 2016 due to too little data
coverage (20%), no mean annual concentration was reported. In 2013 and 2015, data
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coverage was 86% and in 2014 81%. The average annual benzene concentrations
increased significantly in 2015 and this is the first and only year for which the exceedance
for benzene was submitted.
Ozone (O3)
In the period from 2013 to 2016, the number of measurement stations for which there are
data on excedance of target value for ground-level ozone, has increased. The largest data
coverage during the observed four-year period have measurement stations in the
agglomerations Rijeka and Zagreb, showing a high year-to-year variability of
exceedances for ground-level ozone. At rural stations (Desinić, Parg, Hum, Žarkovica),
despite the coverage of less than 90% in some years, the number of exceeded CV is higher
than the allowed number.
As can be seen in the figure, the number of exceedances for the ground-level has a
significant year-to-year variability. On the annually determined number of exceedances is
also affected by the coverage of data which was at some stations less than 90% in the
summer period when all exceed the target values. On values of the three-year averages of
the number of days exceedances of CV, also affects the data coverage.
The coverage of data on rural stations also affects the value of the three-year average
because there is a possibility that some of exceedances have not been noted. However, the
level of ground-level ozone in summer in rural areas of continental Croatia (HR 1), and
in particular coastal Croatia (HR 3, HR 4, HR 5) is so high that even in cases where data
coverage in summer is less than 90% there are more than 25 exceedances of CV.
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4.3. CURRENT TRANSBOUNDARY IMPACT OF NATIONAL EMISSION
SOURCES
This section provides information on the overall transboundary impact of national emissions on other EU
Member States and vice versa.
Table 2.4.3 below gives the current cross-border impact of domestic emission sources.
2.4.3. Current transboundary impact of national emission sources (M where relevant)
Where
relevant,
describe the
current
transboundar
y impact of
domestic
emission
sources (M)
Each country contributes to cross-border pollution, with the greatest impact on neighbouring
countries. Specific reports for each individual country, produced by the Norwegian Meteorological
Institute, provide an overview of cross-border pollution of major pollutants, ground-level ozone and
particles and form an integral part of the EMEP "Status Report". Quantification of the contribution
of individual countries to cross-border pollution is based on the source-receptor calculations carried
out using the EMEP's uniformed model. Input data for the model are emission data and
meteorological data, and modelling results are presented, among other things, for SO2, NOx and
NH3.
Numerous countries contribute to pollution in Croatia. In the transboundary transfer of sulphur
compounds and their final deposition on the territory of the Republic of Croatia, the biggest
contribution is the neighbouring Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, while Italy contributes most
to pollution caused by nitrogen compounds (NOx, NH3).
The share of cross-border precipitation in total sedimentation suggests that almost all of the
precipitated NOx in the entire area is outside the borders of Croatia. With regard to SOx, the largest
share of cross-border precipitation was recorded in the area of eastern Croatia and Dalmatia. Gorski
kotar and Dalmatia areas where a large cross-border contribution (more than 90 percent) was
established in total NH3 deposition.
The graph of cross-border precipitation of SO2 and NOx (as oxide N, red N and sumed) is given in
the figures below.
In case
quantitative
data is used to
describe the
results of the
assessment,
specify data
and
methodologies
used to conduct
the above
assessment (O)
SO2-S
51 kt/god
77 kt/god
288 kt/god
314 kt/god
66%34%
From the total amount of sulfur compounds, 66% is exported by the Republic of Croatia, of which
50% comes from combustion in thermal power plants, 24% from the manufacturing process sector,
17% from industrial combustion, 7% from combustion in non-industrial combustion plants, while
the remaining 2% refers to other mobile sources.
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Looking at the balance of exports and imports of sulfur compounds, in the year 2014, the Republic
of Croatia was large importer of emissions (the imported emission was 5.6 times higher than the
exported). In the transboundary transmission of sulfur compounds and their final deposition on the
territory of the Republic of Croatia, the biggest contribution is the neighboring Republic of Bosnia
and Herzegovina and Serbia with 23%.
Oxid N
218 kt/god
240 kg/god
9%
218 kt/god
240 kt/god
91%
From the total amount of nitrogen compounds (shown as oxide N), the Republic of Croatia exports
91% overseas, of which 44% comes from road traffic, 19% from other mobile sources, 14% from
combustion in thermal power plants, 12% from combustion in non-industrial combustion while the
remaining 11% refers to combustion in industry.
Looking at the balance of exports and imports of nitrogen compounds, the Republic of Croatia in
2014 exported the same amount of nitrogen compounds (oxide N) as it was imported. In the
transboundary transfer of nitrogen compounds (depicted as oxide N) and their final deposition on
the territory of the Republic of Croatia, the largest contribution has the neighbouring Italy with 22%.
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Red N
136 kt/god
204 kt/god
67%33%
204 kt/god
272 kt/god
From the total amount of nitrogen compounds (shown in red N), the Republic of Croatia exports
67% overseas, of which 61% comes from the agricultural sector and the remaining 39% from the
production process sector.
Considering the balance of exports and imports of nitrogen compounds (red N), in the year 2014,
the Republic of Croatia was large importer of emissions (the imported emission was 1.5 times higher
than the exported). In the transboundary transfer of nitrogen compounds (shown as red N) and their
final deposition on the territory of the Republic of Croatia, the largest contribution has the
neighboring Italy with 17%..
Oxid+Red N
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From the total amount of nitrogen compounds (shown as sum of oxides and red N), the Republic of
Croatia exports 80% overseas, of which 44% comes from the road transport sector, 18% from other
mobile sources, 13% from thermal power plants, 12% from non- industrial combustion, 3% from
the agricultural sector and the remaining 2% from the manufacturing process sector.
Looking at the balance of exports and imports of nitrogen compounds (shown as sum of oxide and
red N), Croatia was large importer of emissions in 2014 (the imported emission was 1.2 times higher
than exported). In the transboundary transfer of nitrogen compounds (shown as the sum of oxides N
and red N) and their final deposition on the territory of the Republic of Croatia, the largest
contribution is the neighboring Italy with 19%.
Report: ''Norweigan Meteorological Institute: Transboundary air pollution by main pollutants (S, N,
O3) and PM, Croatia, 2014.'' was used for the quantitative analysis.
5. PROJECTED FURTHER EVOLUTION ASSUMING NO CHANGE TO
ALREADY ADOPTED POLICIES AND MEASURES
This Chapter corresponds to the chapter of the Format 2.5. „Projected further evolution assuming
no change to already adopted policies and measures“.
An overview of further level of ambition that Croatia can achieve with the aim of improving air
pollution mitigation is given.
The list and descriptions of measures are based on the Report on implementation of PaM for emission
mitigations and increasing outflow of greenhouse gases (HAOP, 2017) with the addition of measures
that refer only to pollutant emissions and to the removal of measures that refer only to greenhouse
gas emissions.
PaM are presented by the following sectors:
energy,
transport,
industrial processes and product use,
waste management,
agriculture,
other (inter-sectoral) PaM.
EU Emission Trading System (EU ETS), as a common EU, transnational, inter-sectoral measure, is
listed with other (inter-sectoral) PaM.
Table 4-1 gives an overview, and in Annex 1 of the Programme descriptions of currently applied and
adopted PaMs, whose impact is integrated into the scenario with the existing measures (WM scenario).
According to definition (Paragraph 11, UNFCCC, 2016, cited in EMEP GB 2016):
- applied measures are those for which applies:
a) the national legal framework was adopted;
b) OR one or more voluntary agreements have been established;
c) OR the financial resources are allocated;
d) OR human resources are mobilized;
- adopted measures are those for which there are official national decisions and there is a
clear commitment for the continuation of implementation.
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Table 4-1: Overview of adopted and applied PaMs whose impact is integrated into the scenario with existing measures (WM scenario)
Name and short
description (below the
table) of a particular PaM
or PaM package:
Which pollutant(s) is
affected:
SO2, NOx, NMVOC,
NH3, PM2.5, BC as a
component of PM2.5, other (eg. Hg, dioxins,
GHG):
Targets of a particular PaM
or PaM package:
Type(s) of
PaM:
Primary and,
where
appropriate, the
secondary
sector(s) under
influence:
Status
(Applied /
Adopted):
Start of
applicatio
n:
Body(s) responsible for application:
Refer to those listed in Table 2.3.2. if necessary
Type Name
MEN-1: National plan for
the increase of the number of
nearly-zero energy buildings
All pollutants, CO2
improvement of building
efficiency, increase of
renewable energy
regulatory,
economic,
planned
energy
consumption,
energy supply
applied 2014 National authorities
Ministry of construction and physical planning
MEN-2: Program for energy
renovation of the apartment
buildings
All pollutants, CO2
improvement of building
efficiency, increase of renewable energy
economic
energy
consumption, energy supply
applied 2014 National
authorities
Ministry of construction and physical planning,
Environmental protection and energy
efficiency fund
MEN-3: Program for the increase of energy efficiency
and use of renewable energy
sources in commercial non-
residential buildings
All pollutants, CO2
improvement of building
efficiency, increase of
renewable energy
economic
energy
consumption,
energy supply
applied 2017 National authorities
Ministry of environmental protection and
energy,
Ministry of construction and physical planning,
Environmental protection and energy
efficiency fund
MEN-4: Program for the energy renovation of family
dwellings
All pollutants, CO2 improvement of building efficiency, increase of
renewable energy
economic energy consumption,
energy supply
applied 2014 National
authorities
Ministry of construction and physical planning,
Ministry of regional development and
EU funds, Environmental protection and energy
efficiency fund
MEN-5: Program for the energy renovation of public
buildings
All pollutants, CO2 improvement of building efficiency, increase of
renewable energy
economic potrošnja energije,
opskrba energijom applied 2014
National
authorities
Ministry of construction and physical planning,
Environmental protection and energy
efficiency fund,
Agency for legal transport and real
estate intermediation
MEN-6: Energy
management in the public
sector
All pollutants, CO2
improving efficiency in services
/ tertiary sector, demand
management / decrease
regulatory energy consumption
applied 2014 National authorities
Agency for legal transport and real
estate intermediation, National coordinating body for energy
efficiency
MEN-7: Measurement and
informative calculation of
energy consumption
All pollutants, CO2 demand management / decrease regulatory,
informative
energy
consumption applied 2014
National
authorities
Ministry of environmental protection
and energy, energy distributors
MEN-8: Labelling the energy efficiency of
household appliances
All pollutants, CO2 improving efficiency of devices regulatory,
informative
energy
consumption applied 2014
National
authorities
Ministry of environmental protection
and energy
MEN-9: Eco-design of
energy-using products All pollutants, CO2 improving efficiency of devices
regulatory, informative
energy consumption
applied 2013 National authorities
Ministry of environmental protection and energy
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Name and short
description (below the
table) of a particular PaM
or PaM package:
Which pollutant(s) is
affected:
SO2, NOx, NMVOC,
NH3, PM2.5, BC as a component of PM2.5,
other (eg. Hg, dioxins,
GHG):
Targets of a particular PaM
or PaM package:
Type(s) of
PaM:
Primary and,
where
appropriate, the
secondary
sector(s) under
influence:
Status
(Applied /
Adopted):
Start of
applicatio
n:
Body(s) responsible for application:
Refer to those listed in Table 2.3.2. if necessary
Type Name
MEN-10: Promotion of energy efficiency and
implementation of measures
through energy services
model
All pollutants, CO2
improvement of building
efficiency;
improving efficiency in services / tertiary sector;
improving efficiency in end use
industrial branches
informative energy consumption
applied 2007 National authorities
National coordinating body for energy
efficiency,
ESCO companies
MEN-11 Program for the
reduction of energy poverty All pollutants, CO2
improvement of building
efficiency,
improving efficiency of devices, demand management / decrease
economic,
regulatory
energy
consumption adopted 2017
National
authorities
Ministry of environmental protection and energy,
Ministry for demography, family, youth
and social policy, Environmental protection and energy
efficiency fund
MEN-12: Education in the
area of energy efficiency All pollutants, CO2 demand management / decrease educational
energy
consumption applied 2012
National
authorities
Croatian employment service, Agency for vocational education and
adult education
MEN-13: National program for the energy efficiency in
public lighting
All pollutants, CO2 improving efficiency in services
/ tertiary sector economic
energy
consumption applied 2014
National
authorities
Ministry of environmental protection
and energy, National coordinating body for energy
efficiency, Environmental protection and energy
efficiency fund and EU funds
MEN-14: Green public
procurement
All pollutants, CO2, CH4,
N2O
improving efficiency in services / tertiary sector,
improving efficiency of devices,
increase of renewable energy,
improvement of vehicle
efficiency
regulatory
energy
consumption,
energy supply,
transport
applied 2014 National
authorities
Ministry of environmental protection
and energy, Ministry of economy, entrepreneurship
and crafts,
Central state bureau for central public
procurement,
National coordinating body for energy
efficiency
MEN-15: Energy audits in
industry
All pollutants, CO2, CH4, N2O
improving efficiency in end use
industrial branches,
demand management / decrease
regulatory, informative
energy
consumption,
energy supply
applied 2014 National authorities
Ministry of environmental protection
and energy,
Ministry of economy, entrepreneurship and crafts,
Environmental protection and energy
efficiency fund
MEN-16: Industrial Energy
Efficiency Network (MIEE)
All pollutants, CO2, CH4,
N2O
improving efficiency in end use
industrial branches,
demand management / decrease
voluntary
energy
consumption,
energy supply
applied 2008 National
authorities
Croatian chamber of economy, National coordinating body for energy
efficiency,
Environmental protection and energy efficiency fund
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Name and short
description (below the
table) of a particular PaM
or PaM package:
Which pollutant(s) is
affected:
SO2, NOx, NMVOC,
NH3, PM2.5, BC as a component of PM2.5,
other (eg. Hg, dioxins,
GHG):
Targets of a particular PaM
or PaM package:
Type(s) of
PaM:
Primary and,
where
appropriate, the
secondary
sector(s) under
influence:
Status
(Applied /
Adopted):
Start of
applicatio
n:
Body(s) responsible for application:
Refer to those listed in Table 2.3.2. if necessary
Type Name
MEN-17: Increase of the use
of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency in
industry sector
All pollutants, CO2, CH4, N2O
improving efficiency in
industrial branches of end use, demand management / decrease,
increase of renewable energy
economic
energy
consumption,
energy supply
applied 2017 National authorities
Ministry of environmental protection
and energy,
National coordinating body for energy efficiency,
Environmental protection and energy
efficiency fund
MEN-18: Feed-in tariffs and
premium system for the support of the use of
renewable energy sources in
electricity generation and for
the efficient cogeneration
All pollutants, CO2 increase of renewable energy economic,
regulatory energy supply applied 2007
National
authorities
Ministry of environmental protection
and energy, Croatian energy market operator
MEN-19: Program for the
energy efficiency in heating
and cooling
All pollutants, CO2
improvement of building
efficiency,
reducing losses, improving efficiency in the sector of
energy and transformation
economic,
regulatory, informative
energy
consumption, energy supply
adopted 2016 National
authorities
Ministry of environmental protection
and energy,
Ministry of construction and physical
planning
MEN-20: Promotion of the
use of renewable energy sources and energy
efficiency by HBOR
All pollutants, CO2, CH4, N2O
increase of renewable energy,
improving efficiency in end use
industrial branches
economic
energy
consumption,
energy supply
applied 2009 National authorities
Croatian bank for reconstruction and development
MEN-21: Promotion of the use of renewable energy
sources and energy
efficiency by FZOEU (The Environmental Protection
and Energy Efficiency Fund)
resources
All pollutants, CO2, CH4,
N2O
increase of renewable energy,
improvement of building
efficiency,
improving efficiency in services
/ tertiary sector,
improving efficiency of devices, improving efficiency in end use
industrial branches,
demand management / decrease, improvement of vehicle
efficiency,
modal shift to public transport or non-motorized transport,
alternative fuels / electric
automobiles,
demand management / decrease,
improved behavior
economic,
regulatory
energy consumption,
energy supply,
transport
applied 2004 National
authorities
Ministry of environmental protection and energy,
Environmental protection and energy
efficiency fund
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Name and short
description (below the
table) of a particular PaM
or PaM package:
Which pollutant(s) is
affected:
SO2, NOx, NMVOC,
NH3, PM2.5, BC as a component of PM2.5,
other (eg. Hg, dioxins,
GHG):
Targets of a particular PaM
or PaM package:
Type(s) of
PaM:
Primary and,
where
appropriate, the
secondary
sector(s) under
influence:
Status
(Applied /
Adopted):
Start of
applicatio
n:
Body(s) responsible for application:
Refer to those listed in Table 2.3.2. if necessary
Type Name
MEN-22: CO2 emission tax
for the non-ETS stationary
sources
All pollutants, CO2
increase of renewable energy,
transfer to less carbon-intensive fuels
Taxation
energy
consumption, energy supply
applied 2013 National
authorities
Ministry of environmental protection
and energy,
Ministry of finance, Environmental protection and energy
efficiency fund
MEN-23: Revitalization and
energy efficiency in existing thermal and hydro power
plants
All pollutants, CO2
increase of renewable energy,
reducing losses, improving efficiency in the
sector of energy and
transformation, installation of pollution
reduction techniques
voluntary, regulatory
energy supply applied 2014 Other HEP-Proizvodnja d.o.o.
MEN-24: Reconstruction
and renovation of the heating
and steam network
All pollutants, CO2
reducing losses, improving efficiency in the
sector of energy and
transformation
regulatory,
economic energy supply applied 2014 Other HEP-Toplinarstvo d.o.o.
MEN-25: Operation of
power system and development of the
transmission and distribution
network
All pollutants, CO2
increase of renewable energy,
reducing losses, improving efficiency in the
sector of energy and transformation
economic, regulatory
energy supply applied 2014 Other Croatian transmission system operator, HEP-Distribution System Operator
MEN-26: Reduction of
volatile organic compounds emissions occurring during
the loading of motor vehicles
with gasoline at service
stations
NMVOC, CO2
reducing losses,
installation of pollution
reduction techniques
economic,
regulatory
energy, fugitive
emissions, road
transport
applied 2012 National
authorities
Ministry of environmental protection
and energy
MEN-27: Reduction of volatile organic compounds
emissions occurring during
the storage and distribution
of gasoline
NMVOC, CO2
reducing losses,
installation of pollution
reduction techniques
economic, regulatory
energy, fugitive emissions
applied 2007 National authorities
Ministry of environmental protection and energy
MEN-28: Quality control of
liquid petroleum fuels SO2, NMVOC alternative energy supply
economic,
regulatory energy applied 2002
National
authorities
Ministry of environmental protection
and energy
MEN-29: Limiting
emissions of pollutants for
non-road mobile machinery
CO, VOC, NOx, PM2,5,
PM10
installation of pollution
reduction techniques regulatory transport applied 2008
National
authorities State office for metrology
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Name and short
description (below the
table) of a particular PaM
or PaM package:
Which pollutant(s) is
affected:
SO2, NOx, NMVOC,
NH3, PM2.5, BC as a component of PM2.5,
other (eg. Hg, dioxins,
GHG):
Targets of a particular PaM
or PaM package:
Type(s) of
PaM:
Primary and,
where
appropriate, the
secondary
sector(s) under
influence:
Status
(Applied /
Adopted):
Start of
applicatio
n:
Body(s) responsible for application:
Refer to those listed in Table 2.3.2. if necessary
Type Name
MTR-1 Providing information to consumers on
fuel economy and CO2
emission of new passenger
cars
All pollutants, CO2
improvement of vehicle
efficiency, alternative fuels / electric automobiles,
improved behavior
informative transport applied 2007 National authorities
Ministry of environmental protection and energy
MTR-2: Training for drivers
of road vehicles for eco-
driving
All pollutants, CO2 improved behavior educational transport applied 2011 National
authorities
Ministry of the interior, Ministry of environmental protection
and energy,
Environmental protection and energy efficiency fund,
National coordinating body for energy
efficiency
MTR-3: Obligation for the
use of biofuels in transport All pollutants, CO2
alternative fuels / electric
automobiles
regulatory,
economic,
taxation
transport applied 2010 National
authorities
Ministry of environmental protection
and energy
MTR-4: Special fee for
environment on the motor
vehicles
All pollutants, CO2
improvement of vehicle
efficiency, alternative fuels / electric automobiles,
improved behavior
taxation, economic
transport applied 2014 National authorities
Ministry of environmental protection and nature,
Ministry of finance, Environmental protection and energy
efficiency fund
MTR-5: Special tax on
motor vehicles All pollutants, CO2
improvement of vehicle
efficiency, alternative fuels / electric automobiles,
improved behavior
Taxation, economic
transport applied 2015 National authorities
Ministry of environmental protection
and nature,
Ministry of finance
MTR-6: Financial incentives
for the purchase of plug-in
hybrid and electric vehicles
All pollutants, CO2
improvement of vehicle
efficiency, alternative fuels / electric automobiles
economic transport applied 2014 National
authorities
Ministry of environmental protection
and nature,
Environmental protection and energy
efficiency fund
MTR-7: Development of
infrastructure for alternative
fuels
All pollutants, CO2 alternative fuels / electric automobiles
regulatory, economic
transport applied 2014
National
authorities,
Regional authorities,
Local
Authorities
Ministry of the sea, transport and infrastructure,
Ministry of environmental protection
and nature, Ministry of construction and physical
planning,
Ministry of finance, Ministry of the interior,
Local and regional government units,
Environmental protection and energy efficiency fund
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Name and short
description (below the
table) of a particular PaM
or PaM package:
Which pollutant(s) is
affected:
SO2, NOx, NMVOC,
NH3, PM2.5, BC as a component of PM2.5,
other (eg. Hg, dioxins,
GHG):
Targets of a particular PaM
or PaM package:
Type(s) of
PaM:
Primary and,
where
appropriate, the
secondary
sector(s) under
influence:
Status
(Applied /
Adopted):
Start of
applicatio
n:
Body(s) responsible for application:
Refer to those listed in Table 2.3.2. if necessary
Type Name
MTR-8: Promotion of integrated and intelligent
transport systems and
alternatives fuels in urban
areas
All pollutants, CO2
alternative fuels / electric automobiles,
improved traffic infrastructure,
modal shift to public transport or non-motorized transport
planned transport applied 2014
National
authorities,
Regional authorities,
Local
Authorities
Ministry of environmental protection and nature,
Local and regional government units,
Environmental protection and energy efficiency fund
MTR-9: Monitoring,
reporting and verification of greenhouse gas emissions in
the lifetime of liquid fuels
All pollutants, CO2 alternative fuels / electric regulatory transport applied 2012 National authorities
Ministry of environmental protection
and energy, Croatian agency for the environmental
protection and nature
MTR-10: Prevention and
control of the ship emissions
to air
SOx, NOx, VOC,
substances that damage
the ozone
alternative transport regulatory transport applied 2005 National authorities
Ministry of the sea, transport and
infrastructure Ministry of environmental protection
and nature
MTR-11: Limiting emission
of pollutants from road
vehicles
CO, VOC, NOx, PM2,5, PM10
implementation of technologies
for emission reduction of vehicles, improved vehicle
efficiency
regulatory transport applied 2008 National authorities
State office for metrology
MIP-1: Reducing emissions of volatile organic
compounds in solvent use
sector
NMVOC, CO2 emission mitigation economic,
regulatory
industrial
processes and product use
applied 2014 National
authorities
Ministry of environmental protection
and energy
MAG-0: Implementation of
the Rural Development
Programme 2014-2020
CH4, N2O
other activities that improve the
management of agricultural
land, activities for improvement of grazing, other agriculture
regulatory,
economic agriculture applied 2018
National
authorities
Ministry of agriculture,
Paying Agency for Agriculture,
Fisheries and Rural Development
MWM-1: Preventing the
generation and reducing the
amount of municipal waste
NMVOC, PM2,5, CH4
demand management / decrease, reduction of waste disposal
source-based
pollution
control, economic
instruments,
regulatory instruments,
education,
planning
waste
management /
waste
applied 2013
Nacionalne
vlasti,
Regionalne vlasti,
Lokalne
vlasti
Ministry of environmental protection and energy
Regional government unit (JRS) / City
of Zagreb and large cities Local government unit (JLS)
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Name and short
description (below the
table) of a particular PaM
or PaM package:
Which pollutant(s) is
affected:
SO2, NOx, NMVOC,
NH3, PM2.5, BC as a component of PM2.5,
other (eg. Hg, dioxins,
GHG):
Targets of a particular PaM
or PaM package:
Type(s) of
PaM:
Primary and,
where
appropriate, the
secondary
sector(s) under
influence:
Status
(Applied /
Adopted):
Start of
applicatio
n:
Body(s) responsible for application:
Refer to those listed in Table 2.3.2. if necessary
Type Name
MWM-2: Increasing the
amount of separately
collected and recycled municipal waste
NMVOC, PM2,5,
CH4
demand management / decrease, increased recycling, reduction of
waste disposal
source-based
pollution
control, economic
instruments,
regulatory instruments
waste management
/ waste applied 2013
National authorities,
Regional
authorities, Local
Authorities
Ministry of environmental protection
and energy Regional government unit (JRS) / City
of Zagreb and large cities
Local government unit (JLS)
MWM-3 Methane and NMVOC flaring
NMVOC i CH4
improvement of processing
technology,
improved landfill management
economic
instruments, regulatory
instruments
waste management / waste
applied 2013
National
authorities,
Regional authorities,
Local
Authorities
Ministry of environmental protection and energy
Regional government unit (JRS) / City
of Zagreb and large cities Local government unit (JLS)
MWM-4: Reducing the
amount of disposed biodegradable municipal
waste
NMVOC, PM2,5, NH3, CH4
increased recycling,
improvement of processing technology, reduction of waste
disposal
source-based
pollution
control,
regulatory instruments
waste management / waste
applied 2013
National
authorities,
Regional authorities,
Local
Authorities
Ministry of environmental protection
and energy
Regional government unit (JRS) / City
of Zagreb and large cities Local government unit (JLS)
MWM-5: Use of biogas for
electricity and heat
generation
CO2, CH4 improvement of processing technology
economic
instruments, regulatory
instruments
waste management / waste
applied 2013
National
authorities,
Regional authorities,
Local
Authorities
Ministry of environmental protection and energy
Regional govenrment unit (JRS) / City
of Zagreb and large cities, Local government unit (JLS)
MCC-1: Committee for
inter-sectoral coordination of policies and measures for
mitigation and adaptation to
climate change
All greenhouse gases multi-sectoral policy regulatory inter-sectoral applied 2014 National
authorities
Ministry of environmental protection
and energy, competent ministries
MCC-2: System for the
measurement and verification of energy
savings
CO2, pollutants
energy consumption,
transport,
energy production
informative, regulatory
inter-sectoral applied 2015 National authorities
National coordinating body for energy efficiency
MCC-3: Promotion of the use of innovative
information and
communication technologies (ICT) to reduce greenhouse
gas emissions
CO2, pollutants multi-sectoral policy informative inter-sectoral applied 2014 National
authorities
Ministry of environmental protection
and energy, Ministry of economy,
entrepreneurship and crafts, Ministry of construction and physical
planning,
Croatian agency for the environmental protection and nature
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Name and short
description (below the
table) of a particular PaM
or PaM package:
Which pollutant(s) is
affected:
SO2, NOx, NMVOC,
NH3, PM2.5, BC as a component of PM2.5,
other (eg. Hg, dioxins,
GHG):
Targets of a particular PaM
or PaM package:
Type(s) of
PaM:
Primary and,
where
appropriate, the
secondary
sector(s) under
influence:
Status
(Applied /
Adopted):
Start of
applicatio
n:
Body(s) responsible for application:
Refer to those listed in Table 2.3.2. if necessary
Type Name
MCC-4: European Emission
Trading System CO2, N2O, pollutants
energy production,
energy consumption, industrial processes
economic inter-sectoral applied 2013 National
authorities
European Commission,
Ministry of environmental protection
and energy, Croatian agency for the environment
and nature
MCC-5 Use of funds
obtained from the sales of
EU ETS emission allowances through auctions
for the GHG emission
reduction measures
All greenhouse gases, pollutants
multi-sectoral policy economic
inter-sectoral
applied 2013 National authorities
Ministry of environmental protection
and energy, Environmental protection and energy
efficiency fund
MCC-6: Preparation of
National Feasibility Study
with the action plan for the
preparatory activities for
CCS projects in Croatia
CO2 multi-sectoral policy planned inter-sectoral planed 2018 National
authorities
Ministry of environmental protection
and energy
MCC-7: Energy efficiency
obligation scheme CO2, all pollutants
energy consumption, energy
production, transport economic inter-sectoral adopted 2018
National
authorities
Ministry of environmental protection
and energy
MCC-8: Environmental
permit All pollutants
installation of pollution
reduction techniques, multi-sectoral policy
economic, regulatory
energy,
industrial processes and
product use,
agriculture
(farms),
waste (landfills)
applied 2014 National authorities
Ministry of environmental protection and energy
MCC-9: Tax on SO2 and
NOx emissions for
individual sources
SO2, NOx multi-sectoral policy economic,
regulatory
energy, Industrial
processes and
product use
applied 2014 National
authorities
Ministry of environmental protection
and energy
MCC-10: Determination and control of emission limit
values of pollutants in air
from stationary sources
All pollutants multi-sectoral policy
source-based
pollution
control, economic,
regulatory
energy, Industrial
processes and
product use
applied 2012 National
authorities
Ministry of environmental protection
and energy
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5.1. PROJECTED EMISSIONS AND EMISSION REDUCTIONS (WM
SCENARIO)
In this chapter, an overview of the emission projections for 2020, 2025 and 2030, with existing
measures (WM scenario) for SO2, NOx, NMVOC, NH3 and PM2,5.
Existing PaMs included in the WM scenario are listed in Chapter 4 in Table 4-1, and their description
is given in Appendix 1 of the this Professional background.
In the following Table 2.5.1. emission projection and reduction for the WM scenario are presented
2.5.1. Projected emissions and emission reductions (WM scenario)
Pollutants
(M)
Total emissions (kt), consistent
with inventories for year x-2 or
x-3 (year to be specified) (M)
Projected % emission
reduction achieved
compared with 2005 (M)
National
emission
reduction
commitme
nt for 2020-
2029 (%)
(M)
National
emission
reduction
commitment
from 2030
(%) (M)
20
05
ba
se
yea
r
20
20:
20
25:
20
30:
20
20:
20
25
20
30:
SO2 58.72 10.08 9.71 9.38 82.83 83.47 84.02 55 83
NOx 84.46 41.09 36.58 33.58 51.35 56.69 60.24 31 57
NMVOC 117.02 51.68 49.09 47.62 55.84 58.05 59.30 34 48
NH3 42.21 33.53 34.08 35.59 20.57 19.26 15.68 1 25
PM2,5 40.85 18.53 16.95 15.55 54.63 58.49 61.94 18 55
Outline the associated uncertainties for the WM
projections to meet the emission reduction
commitments for 2020, 2025 and 2030 onwards (O)
The uncertainty of the WM emission projection is related to
GDP growth, the Influence of change in temperature on
heating and cooling energy demand, Hydrology in the
production of hydroelectric power and the development of
agriculture22 as outlined below.
GDP growth
The increase of GDP is assumed by 2050 in all analysed
scenarios in average of 1.66% by 2050 which makes a
nominal increase of 78% compared to 2010. In an optimistic
macroeconomic scenario, Croatian economy is expected to
grow at an average annual rate of 2.15% by 2050
(demographic projection remains the same as in the main
scenario). The resulting increase in real GDP per capita by
2050 is about 138% in comparison with 2012. A faster closure
of the development gap than the EU average can be expected.
Therefore, Croatia reaches 91% of the EU average
development level by 2050 in an optimistic scenario.
However, according to the pessimistic macroeconomic
scenario, an average annual growth rate of 0.8% and a
cumulative rise in real GDP per capita of only 44% is expected
by 2050. The assumption is that growth would be slower than
the growth of the total EU, thus real per capita income in
Croatia could drop to 55% in comparison to current EU
average level of about 60%.
22 Stručne podloge za izradu Strategije niskougljičnog razvoja Republike Hrvatske za razdoblje do 2030. s pogledom na 2050. godinu,
Zelena knjiga, 2015. /2017.(MZOE) i Stručne podloge za izradu Strategije niskougljičnog razvoja Republike Hrvatske za razdoblje do
2030. s pogledom na 2050. godinu, Bijela knjiga, 2015./2017 (MZOE)
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Influence of change in temperature on heating and cooling
energy demand
Change in temperature will affect the decrease in heating
energy demand, but on the other side, it will increase the
cooling energy demand. The goal of climate policy is to keep
the global temperature rise within 2°C. The temperature
increase has been determined in Croatia since the
measurements have been carried out. An increase of about
1°C is assumed by 2050.
Heating requirements. The indoor temperature in buildings is
mainly 20°C but the temperature of the heated rooms is
usually maintained at the level up to 24°C. In addition to these
assumptions, the reduction in heat required for heating could
be between 7.7 and 11.3% in the continental part of Croatia
and between 12.7 and 24.2% in the coastal part of Croatia.
Cooling requirements. Unlike heating requirements, there is
no such dependence between the need for comfortable cooling
and the outdoor air temperature, since in the influence of heat
gains due to solar radiation is dominant in this case. At the
moment it is not possible to estimate the influence of external
temperature change on cooling requirements due to data
availability. The only possible estimation suggests that the
impact will be less expressed comparing to heating
requirements.
Other impacts on energy. Changes in temperature,
precipitation and wind energy will affect the production of
renewable energy sources. These impacts need to be
quantified and embedded in operational planning, especially
at the regional and local level where large variations are
possible.
Hydrology in the production of hydroelectric power
Generation from large hydropower plants varies from 4 TWh
to 8 TWh, depending on hydrology. This represents 20% or
40% of the total electricity generation in Croatia.
Emissions from the electroenergy sector can vary
considerably based on the cycles of dry and humid years that
can last for several years. The lack of generation from
hydropower plants is supplemented by increased production
from thermal power plants or by increased imports.
Development of agriculture
The characteristics of agriculture in Croatia are extremely
small estates. The average family farm has only 2 hectares.
According to the 2003 Agriculture Census, only 20% of the
processed land is in private ownership with an average of 159
hectares. The similar situation is in the field of cattle breeding.
Thus, for example, 96% of all diary producers own only 15
cows while 90% of pork production is handled by 200,000
small farms where 170,000 farms have less than 10 pigs. Such
fragmentation and predominantly old populations prevent
faster development. Agriculture will change slowly thus
Croatia will have a big challenge in emissions.
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Below are figures with graphs that present emission projections and emission reductions for WM
scenario.
SO2
Figure 4-1: Trend and projections of SO2 emissions for WM scenario
Projections show that it is expected to meet the emission quota and emission reduction commitments
SO2 for both predicted periods. Emissions in 2016 are 44.3% below the emission reduction
commitment for 2020, and a further decrease is expected to continue with the implementation of
measures, although significantly lower than in the period from 2005 to 2016. In the period from 2020
to 2030, an additional SO2 emission reduction of 6.9% in the WM scenario is expected, which would
reduce emissions in 2030 by 6% below the 2030 emission reduction commitment in the WM scenario.
The main impact on emission reductions is fuel replacement measures and the application of
desulphurisation technology in the energy transformation sector.
NOx
Figure 4-2: Trend and projections of NOX emissions for WM scenario
Projections show that it is expected to meet the emission quota and and emission reduction
commitment for NOx. Emissions in 2016 are already 6.6% below the emission reduction commitment
for 2020, and with the continuation of measures, primarily in the transport sector, an added reduczion
is expected. In the period from 2020 to 2030, an additional emission reduction of 18.3% is expected
in the WM scenario, which would lead to a reduction of emissions in 2030 by 3.9% below the 2030
emission reduction commitment in the WM scenario. The main impact on emission reductions is the
0,00
20,00
40,00
60,00
80,00
100,00
120,00
140,00
160,00
180,00
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
kt
SO
2
Povijesni trend Kvota, od 2010.Scenarij s mjerama (WM) Obveza, od 2020. do 2029.Obveza, od 2030.
0,00
20,00
40,00
60,00
80,00
100,00
120,00
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
kt
NO
x
Povijesni trend Kvota, od 2010.Scenarij s mjerama (WM) Obveza, od 2020. do 2029.Obveza, od 2030.
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application of measures for reduction of emission limits from vehicles, the use of alternative fuels in
the transport sector, the greater use of public transport and bicycles, and the intermodal transport.
NH3
Figure 4-3: Trend and projections of NH3 emissions for WM scenario
In the historical period, the trend is above the emission quota of 30 kt but the emission in 2016 is by
16.2% below the emission reduction commitment for 2020. Projections in the WM scenario show
that it is expected to meet the NH3 emission reduction commitment for 2020. However, given that the
key source of NH3 emissions is the agriculture sector, which is expected to increase the number of
livestock, there is no significant further decline in emission in the WM scenario. In the period from
2020 to 2030 it is expected that emissions will increase by 6%, which would lead to an increase in
emissions in 2030 by 12% compared to the emission reduction commitment for 2030.
NMHOS
Figure 4-4: Trend and projections of NMVOC emissions for WM scenario
Projections show that the NMVOC emission quota and and the emission reduction commitment are
expected to meet. Emissions in 2016 are already 9.5% below the level of emission reduction
commitments for 2020, and the continuation of measures implementation, primarily in the residential
sector, an additional reduction is expected. In the period 2020 - 2030, an additional emission reduction
of 7.8% in the WM scenario is expected, which would lead to the emission reduction in 2030 by
21.7% below the emission reduction commitment for 2030 in the WM scenario. The main impact on
0,00
10,00
20,00
30,00
40,00
50,00
60,00
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
kt
NH
3
Povijesni trend Kvota, od 2010.Scenarij s mjerama (WM) Obveza, od 2020. do 2029.Obveza, od 2030.
0,00
20,00
40,00
60,00
80,00
100,00
120,00
140,00
160,00
180,00
200,00
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
kt
NM
HO
S
Povijesni trend Kvota, od 2010.Scenarij s mjerama (WM) Obveza, od 2020. do 2029.Obveza, od 2030.
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emission reductions is the implementation of measures of energy renovation of houses, that reduce
the use of wood for heating, and the replacement of inefficient furnaces. It is expected that the
Industrial process and product use sector will be the dominant source of NMVOC emissions, in which
only a small reduction will occur.
PM2,5
Figure 4-5: Trend and projections of PM2,5 emissions for WM scenario
Projections show that it is expected to meet the emission quota and the emission reduction
commitment for PM2.5. Emissions in 2016 are already 45% below the 2020 the emission reduction
commitment and further reductions are expected to continue with the implementation of measures,
primarily in the residential sector. In the period from 2020 to 2030, an additional emission reduction
of 16.1% in the WM scenario is expected, which would in 2030 lead to emission reduction by 15.4%
below the emission reduction commitment for 2030 in the WM scenario. The main impact on
emission reductions is the implementation of measures of energy renovation of houses, that reduce
the use of wood for heating, and the replacement of inefficient furnaces.
PM10
Figure 4-6: Trend and projections of PM10 emissions for WM scenario
No emission reduction levels have been established for PM10 emissions, and the trend and causes of
emissions correspond to those for PM2.5 emissions.
0,00
5,00
10,00
15,00
20,00
25,00
30,00
35,00
40,00
45,00
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
kt
PM
2,5
Povijesni trend Kvota, od 2010.Scenarij s mjerama (WM) Obveza, od 2020. do 2029.Obveza, od 2030.
0,00
10,00
20,00
30,00
40,00
50,00
60,00
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
kt
PM
10
Povijesni trend Scenarij s mjerama (WM)
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5.1.1. METHODOLOGY AND MODELS AND KEY ASSUMPTIONS AND PARAMETERS
FOR PREPARATION OF PROJECTIONS (WM SCENARIO)
This chapter describes the projection methodology used for WM and WAM scenarios. The key
assumptions and associated uncertainties of WM scenarios are given in Tables P 2-1 to P 2-12 of
Annex 2 of the Programme.
Details of the methodology/ model(s) used
to determine impacts
In preparing the projections, a software package LEAP (eng. Long-
range Energy Alternatives Planning System).
In the LEAP software package for energy and traffic projections, a
model for the energy sector in Croatia was developed, using specific
methodologies and additional tools for specific categories in the
energy sector. Thus, for the needs of a detailed modeling of the
development and optimization of the power system, a more advanced
model has been used, whose results are integrated into the energy
sector model. For the production of projections for the Industrial
Processes and Product Use sector, Waste sector and Agriculture
Sector, bottom-up engineered simulation models of sectoral data and
individual emission sources have been developed, and greenhouse
gas emissions and emissions of air pollutants are calculated. The
standard methods, procedures and structures used are in accordance
with emission inventories under the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change and the Convention on Long-range
Transboundary Air Pollution. Technical bases used are: "2006 IPCC
Guidelines for National GHG Inventories" and "2016 EMEP / EEA
Air Pollutant Emission Inventory Guidebook: Technical Guidance
To Prepare National Emission Inventories". Some sectoral models
are also integrated into the NUSPCRO model.
The Integrated Model NUSPCRO enables the calculation of
greenhouse gas emissions and emissions of air pollutants and techno-
economic indicators that include all sectors, and model output data
are structured in accordance with the structure of emission
inventories under the United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change and the Convention on Long-range Transboundary
Air Pollution. Projections were made by 2030, indicative by 2050,
with a step of one year.
Outline key assumptions and associated
uncertainties Appendix 2 of the Programme:
Table 5-1: Assumptions for projections – Energy and transport;
Table 5-2: Assumptions for projections – Industrial processes and
Product use
Table 5-3: Assumptions for projections – Agriculture
Table 5-4: Assumptions for projections – Waste
Table 5-5 Parameters for projections - general economic parameters
Table 5-6: Parameters for projections – energy sector: total energy
consumption, total electricity generation, ‘with measures’ scenario
Table 5-7: Parameters for projections – energy sector: final energy
consumption
Table 5-8: Parameters for projections – weather parameters
Table 5-9: Parameters for projections – industry
Table 5-10: Parameters for projections – transport
Table 5-11: Parameters for projections – agriculture
Table 5-12: Parameters for projections – waste
The related uncertainties are shown below.
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5.1.2. SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF PROJECTIONS
In addition to the sensitivity analysis depending on the hydrological conditions, sensitivity analysis
for other parameters crucial for the power system were carried out. The sensitivity was analyzed
depending on the change of the following parameters:
for WM scenario:
o constant prices of Emission Units at the level of 15 EUR / EUA, instead of the price
increase as in the EU 2016 Reference scenario;
o o constant prices of emission units at the level of 15 EUR / EUA, instead of the price
increase as in the EU 2016 Reference scenario, with net imports up to 30% of
electricity instead of scenario without net imports (except nuclear power plant Krško);
An overview of the analysis is shown in Table 4-2 and in Figure 4-7.
Table 4-2: Sensitivity analysis overview Scenario in relation to
which the projection
sensitivity was
analyzed
Changed
parameters Influence on pollutant emissions
WM
The constant
prices of emission
units at the level
of 15 EUR / EUA
instead of the
price increase as
in the EU
Reference
scenario 2016
Keeping the price of the EU ETS at a constant level of EUR 15 /
EUA leads to higher emissions of pollutants due to increased
work of power plants on fossil fuel. SO2 emissions are by 4.7%
higher than emissions in the WM scenario in 2030. In 2040 and
2050, this difference is below 0.3%. With SO2, NOx emissions
increased by 0.5% in 2030, by 2.9% in 2040 and by 6.7% in 2050
compared to WM scenarios. Also, emissions of NMVOC are
higher by 0.2% in 2030 and 2040 and by 1.0% in 2050.
Figure 4-7: Emission Sensitivity Analysis for WM Scenario
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5.2. PROJECTED IMPACT ON IMPROVING AIR QUALITY (WM
SCENARIO), INCLUDING THE PROJECTED DEGREE OF
COMPLIANCE
In the following table 2.5.2. the Projected improvement in air quality (WM) and the projected degree
of compliance (M) are presented.
Additionally, as part of the table, in the section 2.5.2.1, a qualitative description of the projected
improvement of air quality is given.
2.5.2. Projected impact on improving air quality (WM scenario), including the projected degree of
compliance
2.5.2.1. Qualitative description of projected improvement in air quality (M)
Provide a
qualitative
description of the
projected
improvements in air
quality and
projected further
evolution of degree
of compliance (WM
scenario) with EU
air quality
objectives for NO2,
PM10, PM2,5 and
O3 values, and any
other pollutant(s)
that present(s) a
problem by 2020,
2025 and 2030 (M)
Provide complete
references (chapter
and page) to
publically available
supporting datasets
(e.g. air quality
plans, source
apportionment)
describing the
projected
improvements and
further evolution of
degree of
compliance (M)
Informations on scenarios for implementation of measures from action plans (J form of
e-reporting system) are provided for each of the action plans in the following tables.
Action Plan for the PM10 emissions reduction in the City of Kutina
Pollutant Year of reporting:
2015 2016 2017
PM10
By analyzing ie
calculating the data, it
was concluded that the
implementation of
measures aimed at
reducing energy
consumption would
decrease PM10
emissions by 2020, by
50 t/yr. Industry and
service sectors are
expected to
increasingly undertake
energy efficiency
measures due to
commercial interests.
Comment: The data for
the projection scenario
were obtained from the
Programme for
gradual emission
reduction of certain
pollutants in the
Republic of Croatia for
the period until the end
of 2010, with emission
projections for the
period 2010-2020, and
the Energy renewal
program for family
houses for the period
2014-2020. For a more
detailed calculation of
emissions reductions in
residential, a detailed
survey needs to be
conducted in order to
determine actual
energy consumption
(gas, wood) in
residential sector.
By analyzing ie
calculating the data, it
was concluded that the
implementation of
measures aimed at
reducing energy
consumption would
decrease PM10
emissions by 2020, by
50 t/yr. Industry and
service sectors are
expected to
increasingly undertake
energy efficiency
measures due to
commercial interests.
Comment: The data for
the projection scenario
were obtained from the
Programme for
gradual emission
reduction of certain
pollutants in the
Republic of Croatia for
the period until the end
of 2010, with emission
projections for the
period 2010-2020, and
the Energy renewal
program for family
houses for the period
2014-2020. For a more
detailed calculation of
emissions reductions in
residential, a detailed
survey needs to be
conducted in order to
determine actual
energy consumption
(gas, wood) in
residential sector.
No data
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Action Plan for the emissions reduction of particulate matter (PM10) in the City of
Osijek
Pollutant Year of reporting:
2015 2016 2017
PM10
The emission in WM
scenario is higher in all
observed years than in
the BAU scenario. In
2020 this difference is
48%. This is due to
increase of biomass
share in the final
energy consumption. It
is planned that the
share of biomass in the
Industry and
Construction sector
(only key subsectors)
increased by 9.6 in
2020 and in the
Residential sector by
4.8 times, which
significantly increases
the emission of
particles from the
mentioned sectors.
The emission in WM
scenario is higher in all
observed years than in
the BAU scenario. In
2020 this difference is
48%. This is due to
increase of biomass
share in the final
energy consumption. It
is planned that the
share of biomass in the
Industry and
Construction sector
(only key subsectors)
increased by 9.6 in
2020 and in the
Residential sector by
4.8 times, which
significantly increases
the emission of
particles from the
mentioned sectors.
No data
Action plan for reducing concentrations of particulate matter PM10 in the City of
Sisak
Pollutant Year of reporting:
2015 2016 2017
PM10
No scenarios. The
efficiency of the
implementation of the
measures selected for
reducing the
concentration of
particulate matter
PM10 will be
monitored at automatic
measuring stations
located in the City of
Sisak. The action plan
will be in place, until
first air quality
category is achieved
considering the
concentration of
PM10.
No scenarios. The
efficiency of the
implementation of the
measures selected for
reducing the
concentration of
particulate matter
PM10 will be
monitored at automatic
measuring stations
located in the City of
Sisak. The action plan
will be in place, until
first air quality
category is achieved
considering the
concentration of
PM10.
No data
Air Quality Improvement Action Plan for the City of Slavonski Brod
Pollutant Year of reporting: 2017
PM2.5
The basic scenario for reducing emissions of particulate matter is the
energetic renovation of residential houses. By applying energy efficiency
measures and using low-emission wood-firing devices, efforts are made to
reduce emissions during the heating season.
This scenario is based on applying energy efficiency measures to households
using conventional wood-burning stoves and boilers. By switching from
conventional to an energy efficient stoves and boilers, it is possible to reduce
the emission by 50%. By switching from conventional to "eco-label" stoves
and boilers it is possible to reduce emission by 87%. This calculation is
based on EMEP / EEA emission factors.
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Assuming that energy recovery will cover 20% of houses using wood, it can
be expected to reduce the sector's emissions by 10 to 17%, which will, in the
end, reduce the PM2.5 concentration by about 1.5 μg / m3.
Pollution with particulate matter in the area of Slavonski Brod is
significantly affected by regional and transboundary air pollution. High
levels of background concentrations mean that it is necessary to achieve a
large reduction in local emissions, primarily wood combustion emissions in
residential stoves and boilers, to achieve a limit value for PM2.5. With the
measures of this action plan, the aim is to cost-effectively direct energetic
renovation in the Slavonski Brod area, ie. to stimulate those energy
efficiency measures that give the biggest "savings" of the particulate
emissions. The implementation dynamic of energetic renovation is
determined by available funding and models for their use.
At the national level, the Energetic renovation Program for Family Houses
is being implemented for the period 2014-2020 with a detailed plan for the
period 2014-2016 (Official Gazette No. 43/14 and 36/15). As part of the
implementation of this program, the FZOEU co-finances energy recovery
measures for family houses, which achieve better thermal protection of
housing, increases the energy efficiency of heating systems and encourages
the use of renewable energy sources. The existing model of co-financing of
energetic renovation of family houses implemented by FZOEU refers to
phisical persons, while the earlier model of financing included local self-
government units as intermediaries between the FZOEU and the citizens.
Within the framework of the Operational Programme Competitiveness and
Cohesion 2014-2020, money is provided to promote energy efficiency and
renewable energy sources, as well as environmental protection and resource
sustainability. The means of using these funds do not allow for direct
financing of specific measures behind the action plans, but it is necessary,
in cooperation with the competent Ministry, to find the possibility of
financing energy renewal measures aimed at reducing emissions of
particulate matter in the heating season.
Action Plan for Improving Air Quality in the City of Zagreb
Pollutant Year of reporting:
2015 2016 2017
PM10
The PM10 pollution
level analysis shows
that "local particles
pollution" needs to be
reduced by 30-50% to
meet the limit value for
daily PM10
concentrations in the
area of the City of
Zagreb. "Local particle
pollution" means the
level of particle
concentration affected
by the direct emission of
particles from energy
and industrial plants,
residential sources and
road transport at the
City of Zagreb.
The PM10 pollution
level analysis shows
that "local particles
pollution" needs to be
reduced by 30-50% to
meet the limit value for
daily PM10
concentrations in the
area of the City of
Zagreb. "Local
particle pollution"
means the level of
particle concentration
affected by the direct
emission of particles
from energy and
industrial plants,
residential sources
and road transport at
the City of Zagreb.
By reducing of
particulate emission at
sources, pollution
considering PM2.5 will
be reduced to a
sufficient extent to
achieve the limit
values and pollution
considering B(a)P
sufficiently to achieve
the target value.
The required emissions
reduction was
determined on the
basis of daily PM10
concentration analysis
at all measuring
stations in the City of
Zagreb. Withdrawing
the background
pollution (Iskrba,
Slovenia) for each
measuring station, the
contribution of local
sources was
determined. Linear
extrapolation is used to
determine how much
percentage the local
concentration should
be reduced in order to
achieve the permitted
number of exceedances
(35).
It is expected that the
reduction of PM10
emissions by at least
30% in the heating
season in the City of
Zagreb can be
achieved through the
implementation of all
measures directed at
the residetial, services
BaP(PM10) No
reporting obligations
National Air Pollution Control Programme MZOE
101
and transport sectors.
By reducing of PM10
emissions at source,
pollutantion with
B(a)P in PM10 will be
reduced to a sufficient
extent to achieve the
target value.
Comment: Projections
were not based on
emissions, but analyzes
of the number of
exceedances for daily
PM10 concentrations.
NO2 No
reporting obligations
No
reporting
obligations
The proposed
measures are aimed at
achieving the following
goals: - reducing NOx
emissions by at least
5% annually in the City
of Zagreb, - reducing
NOx emissions by
approximately 20% in
the city center.
Due to the expected
renewal of the vehicle
fleet, ie. the
replacement of about
2% of old vehicles
(EURO 3 and older)
with new vehicles
(EURO 5, EURO 6) is
expected to reduce
emissions from
transport which will
result in the reduction
of urban background
concentrations.
Assuming that the total
number of passenger
cars will not increase,
renewal of the fleet,
practically financed by
the citizens themselves,
the limit values for the
average annual NOx
concentration outside
the „narrow“ city
center can be achieved
in 2 to 5 years.
In the city center for
the achievement of the
NO2 limit value will not
be achieved without
additional restrictions
on road traffic and the
implementation of
measures from the
action plan. Apart from
the emissions, a
significant influence on
the exceedances of the
city limits (measuring
station Đorđićeva) has
a deterioration of the
pollution inside the
canyon and traffic
congestion.
National Air Pollution Control Programme MZOE
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Table 2.5.2.2. The quantitative description of the projected improvement of air quality is optional
and the Republic of Croatia has no available data to serve to fulfill the same.
2.5.2.2. Quantitative description of projected improvement of air quality (O)
AAQD value Projected number of non-
compliant air quality zones
Projected number of
compliant air quality zones
Total number of air quality
zones
Sp
ecif
y
bas
e
yea
r
20
20
:
20
25
:
20
30
:
Sp
ecif
y
bas
e
yea
r
20
20
:
20
25
:
20
30
:
Sp
ecif
y
bas
e
yea
r
20
20
:
20
25
:
20
30
:
PM2,5 (1 yr) - - - - - - - - - - - -
NO2 (1 yr) - - - - - - - - - - - -
PM10 (1 yr) - - - - - - - - - - - -
O3 (max. 8 hr
mean)
- - - - - - - - - - - -
Other (please
specify)
- - - - - - - - - - - -
National Air Pollution Control Programme MZOE
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6. POLICY OPTIONS CONSIDERED TO COMPLY WITH THE EMISSION
REDUCTION COMMITMENTS FOR 2020, AND 2030, INTERMEDIATE
EMISSION LEVELS FOR 2025, AND STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION
This Chapter corresponds to the chapter of the Format 2.6. Policy options considered to comply
with the emission reduction commitments for 2020, and 2030, intermediate emission levels for
2025, and stakeholder consultation.
6.1. DETAILS CONCERNING THE PaMS CONSIDERED IN ORDER TO
COMPLY WITH THE EMISSION REDUCTION (REPORTING AT PaM
LEVEL) (2.6.1)
This section contains details about PaM options that are considered in order to meet the emission
mitigation commitments (reporting on the PaM level).
Following table 2.6.1. gives an overview of the details on PaM options that are considered in order
to meet emission mitigation commitments (reporting on the PaM level) (M).
Recognized main needs when determining additional PaMs to meet emission mitigation
commitments and to improve air quality are:
- it is necessary to ensure the continued implementation of measures in the period after 2020
with improvements, where it is necessary, considering that the existing PaM is largely
determined for the period by the end of 2020;
- stronger synergy when planning PaM for pollutant emission mitigation and improving air
quality with PaM for the mitigation of GHG emissions, increase of shares of renewable
energy sources and increase of energy efficiency;
- the measures should be adapted and specially planned for the area where the air quality is
disturbed.
Details of the considered PaM are listed below.
National Air Pollution Control Programme MZOE
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2.6.1. Details concerning the PaMs considered in order to comply with the emission reduction commitments (reporting at PaM level) (M):
Name and brief
description of
individual PaM or
package of PaMs
(M)23:
Affected
pollutant(s),
select as
appropriate:
SO2, NOx,
NMVOC,
NH3, PM2,5,
(M); BC as a
component of PM2,5, other
(e.g. Hg,
dioxins, GHG) (O) please
specify
Objectives of individual
PaM or package of PaMs
(*) (M)
Type(s) of
PaM(s) (^)
(M)
Primary,
and where
appropriate,
additional
sector(s)
affected (†)
(M)
Implementation
period (M for
measures selected
for
implementation
Authorit(y)(ies)
responsible for
implementation (M for
measures selected for
implementation) Refer
to those listed in table 2.3.2 as appropriate.
Details of
the
methodologi
es used for
analysis
(e.g. specific
models or
methods,
underlying
data) (M)
Quantified expected emission reductions
(for individual PaM or for packages of
PaMs, as appropriate) (kt, per annum
or as a range, compared to WM
scenario) (M)
Qualitative
description of
uncertainties
(M, where
available)
Start Finish Type Name 2020 2025 2030
MEN-P-1: Integration of measures for
pollutant emission
mitigation into planning documents
and projects for the
energy renewal of buildings
NOx, PM10,
PM2,5, CH4, SO2, NMVOC,
NH3, CO2
improved efficiency of
buildings, loss reduction, improvement of device
efficiency
economic,
fiscal,
information, regulatory,
education,
planning
energy consumption
2019,
planned, from 2021
impacts
2030
national
authorities, regional
authorities
MZOE, MGIPU
Chapter 4.1.1.
-
NOx: 0,48
kt,
PM10: 1,17
kt,
PM2,5: 1,14
kt,
SO2: 0,08 kt,
NMVOC:
1,98 kt ,
NH3: 0,28 kt
NOx: 0,92
kt,
PM10: 2,04
kt,
PM2,5: 1,99
kt,
SO2: 0,15 kt,
NMVOC:
3,27 kt,
NH3: 0,45 kt
Chapter 4.1.1
MTR-P-1 Integration
of measures for
pollutant emission mitigation into
planning documents
and projects from road transport
NOx, PM10,
PM2,5, CH4,
SO2, NMVOC, NH3, CO2
implementation of technology to reduce
vehicle emissions,
improved vehicle efficiency, modal shift to
public transport or non-
motorized transport, alternative fuels / electric
automobiles, demand
management / reduction, improved
behavior, improved
transport infrastructure, promoting the use of
bicycles
economic, fiscal,
information,
regulatory, education,
planning
transport
2019,
planned,
from 2021. impacts
2030
national
authorities,
regional authorities
MZOE,
MPPI
Chapter
4.1.1 -
NOx: 0,48
kt,
PM10: 0,05
kt,
PM2,5: 0,03
kt,
SO2: 0,01 kt,
NMVOC:
0,15 kt,
NH3: 0,02 kt
NOx: 0,81
kt,
PM10: 0,09
kt,
PM2,5: 0,05
kt,
SO2: 0,01 kt,
NMVOC:
0,30 kt,
NH3: 0,03 kt
Chapter 4.1.1
23 Descriptions are listed below, after the overview table
National Air Pollution Control Programme MZOE
105
2.6.1. Details concerning the PaMs considered in order to comply with the emission reduction commitments (reporting at PaM level) (M):
Name and brief
description of
individual PaM or
package of PaMs
(M)23:
Affected
pollutant(s),
select as
appropriate:
SO2, NOx,
NMVOC,
NH3, PM2,5,
(M); BC as a
component of PM2,5, other
(e.g. Hg,
dioxins, GHG) (O) please
specify
Objectives of individual
PaM or package of PaMs
(*) (M)
Type(s) of
PaM(s) (^)
(M)
Primary,
and where
appropriate,
additional
sector(s)
affected (†)
(M)
Implementation
period (M for
measures selected
for
implementation
Authorit(y)(ies)
responsible for
implementation (M for
measures selected for
implementation) Refer
to those listed in table 2.3.2 as appropriate.
Details of
the
methodologi
es used for
analysis
(e.g. specific
models or
methods,
underlying
data) (M)
Quantified expected emission reductions
(for individual PaM or for packages of
PaMs, as appropriate) (kt, per annum
or as a range, compared to WM
scenario) (M)
Qualitative
description of
uncertainties
(M, where
available)
Start Finish Type Name 2020 2025 2030
MAG-1: Change in
the diet of cattle and pigs and animal feed
quality
NH3, NOx,
PM10, PM2,5, NMVOC, CH4,
N2O
improved livestock
management, improved animal waste management
systems;
economic agriculture 2018 national authorities
Ministry of Agriculture
Chapter 4.1.1
-
NOx: 0,01
kt,
PM10: 0,01
kt,
PM2,5: 0,00
kt,
NH3: 4,40 kt
NOx: 0,01
kt,
PM10: 0,02
kt,
PM2,5: 0,01
kt,
NH3: 8,55 kt
Chapter 4.1.1
MAG-2: Anaerobic
decomposition of
manure and biogas production
NH3, CH4,
N2O, CO2
improved animal waste
management systems economic agriculture 2018
national authoritie
s
Ministry
of
Agricultu
re, Advisory
services
Chapter
4.1.1 Chapter 4.1.1
MAG-3: Improving
cattle facilities and
system of animal waste management
NH3, NOx,
PM10, PM2,5, NMVOC,
CH4, N2O,
CO2
improved livestock
management, improved
animal waste management systems
economic agriculture 2018 national authoritie
s
Ministry of
Agricultu
re, Advisory
services
Chapter
4.1.1 Chapter 4.1.1
MAG-4: Improvement of
mineral fertilizers
application methods
NH3, NOx,
PM10, PM2,5, N2O
reduction of mineral
fertilizers on agricultural land
economic,
information, planning
agriculture 2020
national
authorities
Ministry
of Agricultu
re,
Advisory services
Chapter
4.1.1 Chapter 4.1.1
MAG-5:
Hydromeliorative interventions and
systems of
protection against natural disasters
NH3, NOx,
PM10, PM2,5, N2O, CO2
reduction of mineral
fertilizers and manure on agricultural land,
other activities that
improve the management of agricultural land
economic agriculture 2018
national
authorities
Ministry
of Agricultu
re,
Advisory services
Chapter
4.1.1 Chapter 4.1.1
National Air Pollution Control Programme MZOE
106
2.6.1. Details concerning the PaMs considered in order to comply with the emission reduction commitments (reporting at PaM level) (M):
Name and brief
description of
individual PaM or
package of PaMs
(M)23:
Affected
pollutant(s),
select as
appropriate:
SO2, NOx,
NMVOC,
NH3, PM2,5,
(M); BC as a
component of PM2,5, other
(e.g. Hg,
dioxins, GHG) (O) please
specify
Objectives of individual
PaM or package of PaMs
(*) (M)
Type(s) of
PaM(s) (^)
(M)
Primary,
and where
appropriate,
additional
sector(s)
affected (†)
(M)
Implementation
period (M for
measures selected
for
implementation
Authorit(y)(ies)
responsible for
implementation (M for
measures selected for
implementation) Refer
to those listed in table 2.3.2 as appropriate.
Details of
the
methodologi
es used for
analysis
(e.g. specific
models or
methods,
underlying
data) (M)
Quantified expected emission reductions
(for individual PaM or for packages of
PaMs, as appropriate) (kt, per annum
or as a range, compared to WM
scenario) (M)
Qualitative
description of
uncertainties
(M, where
available)
Start Finish Type Name 2020 2025 2030
MAG-6:
Introduction of new cultivars, varieties
and cultures
NH3, NOx,
PM10, PM2,5,
N2O
reduction of mineral
fertilizers and manure on agricultural land,
other activities that
improve the management
of agricultural land,
other agriculture
information, planning
agriculture 2020
national
authoritie
s
Ministry
of agricultur
e
Chapter 4.1.1
Chapter 4.1.1
MAG-7: Preparation of the
National advisory
principles of good agricultural practice
in accordance with
the Framework principles of good
agricultural practice
for mitigation of
ammonia emissions
of the United
Nations Economic Commission for
Europe from 2014
NH3, NOx,
PM10, PM2,5, NMVOC,
CH4, N2O,
CO2
improved livestock
management, improved animal waste
management systems,
reduction of mineral fertilizers and manure on
agricultural land,
education
planning agriculture 2019 national authoritie
s
Ministry
of
agriculture
Chapter
4.1.1 Chapter 4.1.1
MCC-1: Support for the increase of
administrative,
technical and managerial
capacities of local
communities
NOx, PM10,
PM2,5, SO2,
NMVOC, NH3, CO2,
CH4
Support project for local
communities funded by the LIFE programme
planning
multi-
sectoral policy
2019 2030
national
authorities
MZOE - - - - -
National Air Pollution Control Programme MZOE
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2.6.1. Details concerning the PaMs considered in order to comply with the emission reduction commitments (reporting at PaM level) (M):
Name and brief
description of
individual PaM or
package of PaMs
(M)23:
Affected
pollutant(s),
select as
appropriate:
SO2, NOx,
NMVOC,
NH3, PM2,5,
(M); BC as a
component of PM2,5, other
(e.g. Hg,
dioxins, GHG) (O) please
specify
Objectives of individual
PaM or package of PaMs
(*) (M)
Type(s) of
PaM(s) (^)
(M)
Primary,
and where
appropriate,
additional
sector(s)
affected (†)
(M)
Implementation
period (M for
measures selected
for
implementation
Authorit(y)(ies)
responsible for
implementation (M for
measures selected for
implementation) Refer
to those listed in table 2.3.2 as appropriate.
Details of
the
methodologi
es used for
analysis
(e.g. specific
models or
methods,
underlying
data) (M)
Quantified expected emission reductions
(for individual PaM or for packages of
PaMs, as appropriate) (kt, per annum
or as a range, compared to WM
scenario) (M)
Qualitative
description of
uncertainties
(M, where
available)
Start Finish Type Name 2020 2025 2030
MCC-2: Support for
preparation of the documents for
providing additional
financial resources for more effective
implementation of
action plans for air quality
improvement
NOx, PM10, PM2,5, SO2,
NMVOC,
NH3, CO2, CH4
preparation of the project
proposal for using resources from the EU
Structural Funds
planning
multi-
sectoral
policy
2019 2030
national
authoritie
s
MZOE - - - - -
MCC-3: Support
to researches
related to PaMs
planning and
monitoring their
effects on
emissions and air
quality
NOx, PM10,
PM2,5, SO2,
NMVOC, NH3,
Establishing cost-
effective measures, and
quantitative monitoring of emission mitigation,
improvements of air
quality and environmental impacts
planning,
research All sectors 2019 2025
Ministrie
s,
authorized entities
MZOE, Ministry
of
science and
education
Models,
methods, databases,
informatio
n platforms
- - - -
The responses to the field indicated with (*), (^) and (†) shall be filled in by using pre-defined reply options which are consistent with the reporting obligations under Regulation (EU) No 525/2013 on a mechanism for monitoring and reporting greenhouse gas emissions and Implementing Regulation (EU) No 749/2014.
National Air Pollution Control Programme MZOE
108
The responses to the field indicated with (*) shall be filled in by using the following pre-defined reply options, to be selected as appropriate (more than one objective can be selected, additional objectives could be
added and specified under ‘other’) (M):
1. Energy supply:
increase in renewable energy;
switch to less carbon-intensive fuels;
enhanced non-renewable low carbon generation (nuclear);
reduction of losses;
efficiency improvement in the energy and transformation sector;
installation of abatement technologies;
other energy supply.
2. Energy consumption:
efficiency improvements of buildings;
efficiency improvement of appliances;
efficiency improvement in services/tertiary sector;
efficiency improvement in industrial end-use sectors;
demand management/reduction;
other energy consumption.
3. Transport:
deployment of pollution abatement technologies on vehicles, vessels and aircraft;
efficiency improvements of vehicles, vessels and aircraft;
modal shift to public transport or non-motorised transport;
alternative fuels for vehicles, vessels and aircraft (including electric);
demand management/reduction;
improved behaviour;
improved transport infrastructure;
other transport.
4. Industrial processes:
installation of abatement technologies;
improved control of fugitive emissions from industrial processes;
other industrial processes.
5. Waste management/waste:
demand management/reduction;
enhanced recycling;
improved treatment technologies;
improved landfill management;
waste incineration with energy use;
improved wastewater management systems;
reduced landfilling;
other waste.
6. Agriculture:
low-emission application of fertilizer/manure on cropland and grassland;
other activities improving cropland management;
improved livestock management and rearing installations;
improved animal waste management systems;
other agriculture.
7. Cross-cutting:
framework policy;
multi-sectoral policy;
National Air Pollution Control Programme MZOE
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2.6.1. Details concerning the PaMs considered in order to comply with the emission reduction commitments (reporting at PaM level) (M):
Name and brief
description of
individual PaM or
package of PaMs
(M)23:
Affected
pollutant(s),
select as
appropriate:
SO2, NOx,
NMVOC,
NH3, PM2,5,
(M); BC as a
component of PM2,5, other
(e.g. Hg,
dioxins, GHG) (O) please
specify
Objectives of individual
PaM or package of PaMs
(*) (M)
Type(s) of
PaM(s) (^)
(M)
Primary,
and where
appropriate,
additional
sector(s)
affected (†)
(M)
Implementation
period (M for
measures selected
for
implementation
Authorit(y)(ies)
responsible for
implementation (M for
measures selected for
implementation) Refer
to those listed in table 2.3.2 as appropriate.
Details of
the
methodologi
es used for
analysis
(e.g. specific
models or
methods,
underlying
data) (M)
Quantified expected emission reductions
(for individual PaM or for packages of
PaMs, as appropriate) (kt, per annum
or as a range, compared to WM
scenario) (M)
Qualitative
description of
uncertainties
(M, where
available)
Start Finish Type Name 2020 2025 2030
other cross-cutting.
8. Other:
Member States must provide a brief description of the objective.
The responses to the field indicated with (^) shall be filled in by using the following pre-defined reply options, to be selected as appropriate (more than one type of PaMs can be selected, additional types of PaMs
could be added and specified under ‘other’) (M):
Source-based pollution control;
Economic instruments;
Fiscal instruments;
Voluntary/negotiated agreements;
Information;
Regulatory;
Education;
Research;
Planning;
Other, please specify.
The responses to the field indicated with (†) shall be filled in by using the following pre-defined reply options, to be selected as appropriate (more than one sector can be selected, additional sectors could be added
and specified under ‘other’) (M):
energy supply (comprising extraction, transmission, distribution and storage of fuels as well as energy and electricity production);
energy consumption (comprising consumption of fuels and electricity by end users such as households, services, industry and agriculture);
transport;
industrial processes (comprising industrial activities that chemically or physically transform materials leading to greenhouse gas emissions, use of greenhouse gases in products and non-energy uses of fossil fuel
carbon);
agriculture;
waste management/waste;
cross-cutting;
other sectors; please specify.
National Air Pollution Control Programme MZOE
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Energy
MEN-P-1: Integration of measures for pollutant emission mitigation into planning documents and
projects for the energy renewal of buildings
Emission of pollutants from the household and service sector has been recognized as one of the main
causes of air quality deterioration in many areas. The key cause of pollutant emissions (especially
PM2.5 and PM10 particles) is the use of firewood in conventional furnaces. Therefore, in areas where
air quality is deteriorated, it is necessary to accelerate the implementation of renovation measures of
outer shells of buildings and replacement of the conventional firewood furnaces.
At the national level, energy renewal of buildings (including renovation of building shells and
replacement of thermotechnical systems), solar energy application, heat pumps, are planned on the
basis of several strategic and planning documents outlined in the descriptions of existing sectoral
measures:
- MEN-1: National plan for the increase of the number of nearly-zero energy buildings,
- MEN-2: Program for energy renovation of the apartment buildings,
- MEN-3: Program for the increase of energy efficiency and use of renewable energy sources in
commercial non-residential buildings,
- MEN-4: Program for the energy renovation of the family dwellings,
- MEN-5: Program for the energy renovation of public buildings,
- MEN-11: Program for the reduction of energy poverty,
- MEN-19: Program for the energy efficiency in heating and cooling,
- MEN-21: Promotion of the use of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency by FZOEU
(The Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund) resources,
and in coordination with the intersectoral PaMs, such as:
- MCC-5: Use of funds obtained from the sales of EU ETS emission allowances through auctions
for the GHG emission reduction measures,
- MCC-7: Energy efficiency obligation scheme
- financing for many measures is provided through the EU SIF [5].
Simultaneously, JLP(R)S are developing and implementing local (regional) plans and programmes
for energy efficiency, renewable sources, air protection, mitigation and adaptation to climate change.
The aim of this measure is to integrate activities for reducing pollutant emissions in areas where
air quality is deteriorated into national, regional and local plans and programmes and projects
for energy renewal of buildings. It is necessary to ensure the support instruments, primarily to
physical persons and family house owners, for investing into:
- improvement of thermal insulation of envelope elements (walls, roofs, basements);
- replacement of exterior carpentry, especially windows;
- replacement of existing heating systems with new, more energy efficient and with lower
pollutant emissions.
Therefore, when designing new planning documents for energy renewal of buildings, it is necessary
to strengthen the intersectoral coordination and to foresee the instruments that will stimulate energy
renewal of buildings (with the focus on family houses) in areas where air quality is deteriorated. In
financial terms, the support can be largely provided through EU structural funds.
Transport
MTR-P-1: Integration of measures for pollutant emission mitigation into planning documents and
projects from road transport
Transport and the need for mobility are one of the biggest loads on environment in urban areas.
Increase of the number of personal vehicles, the way they are used, intensity of traffic and
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unstructured expansion of urban areas are sources of pollutant emissions which are one of the main
causes of air quality deterioration in many areas. Therefore, in areas where the air quality is
deteriorated, it is necessary to accelerate the implementation of measures for reducing emissions of
pollutants from road transport.
At the national level, a series of measures to reduce emissions from the transport sector, described in
the existing ones, are being implemented:
- MTR-1: Providing information to consumers on fuel economy and CO2 emission of new
passenger cars;
- MTR-2: Training for drivers of road vehicles for eco-driving;
- MTR-3: Obligation for the use of biofuels in transport;
- MTR-4: Special fee for environment on the motor vehicles;
- MTR-5: Special tax on motor vehicles;
- MTR-6: Financial incentives for the purchase of plug-in hybrid and electric vehicles;
- MTR-7: Development of infrastructure for alternative fuels;
- MTR-8: Promotion of integrated and intelligent transport systems and alternatives fuels in
urban areas;
- MTR-9: Monitoring, reporting and verification of greenhouse gas emissions in the lifetime of
liquid fuels;
- MTR-11: Limiting emission of pollutants from road vehicles.
and in coordination with the intersectoral PaMs, such as:
- MCC-5: Use of funds obtained from the sales of EU ETS emission allowances through auctions
for the GHG emission reduction measures,
- MCC-7: Energy efficiency obligation scheme
- financing for many measures is provided through the EU SIF [5].
Simultaneously, JLP(R)S are developing and implementing local (regional) plans and programs for
energy efficiency, renewable sources, air protection, mitigation and adaptation to climate change, as
well as master plans for sustainable transport development.
The aim of this measure is to integrate activities for reducing pollutant emissions in areas where
air quality is deteriorated into national, regional and local plans and programmes and projects
that affect emissions in the road transport sector.
This measure includes various ways to promote reduction of the number of vehicles in urban areas
that do not have category I. of air quality, and the key source of emissions is the road transport, such
as:
- ban on entering certain urban areas depending on the ecological standard of the vehicle,
- optimization of transport of merchandise,
- integrated transport of citizens,
- intelligent transport management,
- promotion of car sharing schemes,
- promotion of public bicycles,
- measures to support the development of infrastructure for alternative fuels in urban area - introduction of fees for the traffic pollution in cities - redirecting traffic from the city center; - encouraging the use of public transport; - development of infrastructure and encouraging the use of bicycle transport; - introduction of systematic energy management in vehicles owned by the city, etc..
Therefore, when designing new planning documents for energy efficiency, renewable sources, air
protection and mitigation and adaptation to climate change, as well as for transport development, it
is necessary to strengthen the intersectoral coordination and to foresee the instruments that will
National Air Pollution Control Programme MZOE
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encourage the measures for mitigation of pollutant emissions from the road transport sector in areas
where air quality is deteriorated. In doing so, measures should be adapted to the circumstances of the
area in which they are prescribed.
Agriculture
MAG-1: Change in diet of cattle and pigs and animal feed quality
Specific sub-measures within this group of measures which relate to improvement of livestock
breeding system, level of production as well as the diet of animals: the change of ratios of certain
types of forage in the diet and the use of supplements (fats, amino silicate compounds, biological
additives), improving the quality of voluminous forage and improving grazing systems. These
measures refer to the potential reduction of methane (CH4) and nitrogen compounds emissions from
enteric fermentation and animal waste management. The professional literature suggests a possible
reduction of ammonia emissions from the liquid manure component of pigs up to 40% [7].
Considering the proportion of pigs on management systems suitable for the implementation of this
measure [8], conservative expert assessment is possible mitigation of ammonia emissions from swine
manure management system up to 15% by 2030.
MAG-2: Anaerobic decomposition of manure and biogas production
With the introduction of biogas plants, emission reductions is achieved through elimination of
methane emissions due to the disposal of used litter and receiving electricity from renewable sources.
The measure is linked to the measures in Renewable sources in the production of electricity and heat
and Construction of cogeneration plants from the Energy sector. Anaerobic decomposition helps
biogas plants to reduce the source of easily degradable carbon in the manure that is applied to
agricultural land, but it also potentially reduces the process of nitrification and N2O emissions.
Conservative expert assessment of ammonia emission reduction (based on the potential to reduce
N2O emissions) is 5% from the manure management system for dairy cows, swine, laying hens and
broilers.
MAG-3: Improving cattle facilities, systems of animal manure management and ways of applying
organic fertilizer
Covering (liquid) manure storage places - creating a natural layer (cortex) with a natural (straw) or
artificial material (porous). This measure reduces direct methane and ammonia emissions, although
to a lesser degree they enhance the process of nitrification (porous material) and cause a slight
increase in nitrogen oxide emissions. Professional literature indicates a possible mitigation of
ammonia emissions from manure in the range from 78% to 94% (swine), and 71% to 86% (cattle)
[7]. Considering the proportion of cattle and pigs on management systems suitable for the
implementation of this measure [8], conservative expert assessment is possible reduction of sectoral
ammonia emission up to 30% for cattle, and 35% for swine by 2030. Further emission reduction is
possible by injecting an organic fertilizer instead of spraying it, thus achieving the mitigation of
ammonia emissions due to application of organic fertilizer up to 90% [9]. Professional assessment is
the mitigation of sectoral emissions of ammonia from manure management (for cattle and swine) for
an additional 10%, and particle emissions for ~5% by applying organic fertilizers to agricultural lands.
MAG-4: Improvement of mineral fertilizer application methods
Application of new slow-release fertilizers suitable for growing corn and wheat (fertilizers coated
with polymers), enables the reduced need for fertilizer application per hectare (due to lower nitrogen
losses) with unchanged or increased revenues. Additional mitigation of NH3 emissions is possible by
reducing the urea application in favor of other types of mineral fertilizers.
MAG-5: Hydromeliorative interventions and systems of protection against natural disasters
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construction of drainage and irrigation systems and flood, droughts and other natural disasters
protection systems, Apart from the direct benefits of reducing production costs and increasing the
quality of yield, it can also affect the loss of nutrients due to drainage and leaching, resulting in a
reduced need for nitrogen, and thus the application of mineral fertilizers. Professional assessment is
the total reduction of ammonia emissions from the sector at the level of 1%.
MAG-6: Introduction of new cultivars, varieties and cultures
Encouraging development, education and implementation of technologies at a national and regional
level, encouraging the transition and adaptation of the entire production chain to produce new crops
or enabling and encouraging the implementation of cultivars and varieties that are more resistant to
drought and disease and have a lower overall carbon footprint. This, among other benefits, is aimed
at reducing the need for the introduction of nitrogen into the soil through fertilizers, and thus the
ammonia emissions. Professional assessment is the lower emission of ammonia at the sectoral level,
up to 1%.
MAG -7: Preparation of the National advisory principles of good agricultural practice in accordance
with the Framework principles of good agricultural practice for mitigation of ammonia emissions of
the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe from 2014
The measure refers to the education and encouraging agricultural producers for the implementation
of measures, ie adhering to good principles of soil, water and air protection in accordance with the
Framework principles of good agricultural practice for mitigation of ammonia emissions of the United
Nations Economic Commission for Europe from 2014, and the associated requirements for managing
and maintaining good agricultural and environmental condition.
In addition to the principles of good practice, direct air protection measures relating to the reduction
of ammonia emissions (and accompanying unpleasant odorsdue to the manure application, by storage
of manure and technological waste waters, animal breeding system, also relate to the indirect
mitigation of emissions through the principles of soil and water protection, ie rational topdressing,
compliance with the fertilization plan, soil analysis and similar.
Monitoring of recommendations from the principles will also mean an increase of the family
agricultural holdings (OPG) capacity for application of all other proposed sectoral measures.
Cross-cutting
MCC-P-1: Support for the increase of administrative, technical and managerial capacities of local
communities
It is necessary to ensure the support for increasing the administrative, technical and managing
capacities of local communities in the implementation of air quality improvement action plans. This
can be achieved through the LIFE project which will help cities to implement more effective measures
and to follow progress, and to strengthen the coordination of national and local action. It is also
necessary for the public and stakeholders to get to know more about air pollution problems and
possible emissions mitigation measures and examples of good practice.
In order to actively include local policy and to facilitate financing, it is necessary to express the
positive effects through financial savings in healthcare, namely, it is necessary to raise awareness that
with the air quality improvement, significant financial resources in healthcare could be saved.
The problem in cities are coordinated actions of several sectors, namely, closeness and financial
rigidity are present and there are usually no funding sources for a holistic approach.
Progress in air quality that is achieved by reducing emissions at the European and national level, is
relatively small at the local levels, when it is observed in perspective for several years. Decision-
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makers and the local public consider that achieving the target should be achieved by the equal efforts
of all those contributing to the pollution, this is partly a reason that the allocation of financial resources
of local governments are not sufficient for the necessary emission reductions. Coordinated activity
and financial contribution from different levels, European funds, national co-financing and the local
component are extremely important.
MCC-P-2: Support for preparation of the documents for providing additional financial resources for
more effective implementation of action plans for air quality improvement
The NEC Directive anticipates that assistance in the planning and implementation of air quality
improvement action plans should be achieved by co-financing through the LIFE programme and EU
Structural Funds.
Consequently, the implementation of necessary technical analysis and drafting of project
documentation to apply for financing from the structural funds for the cycle (envelope) of financing
period 2021-2027 is proposed. The project would serve to encourage the replacement of traditional
(inefficient) firewood combustion appliances with efficient combustion devices with ECO standards,
pellet systems or technologies on fuels with lower emissions of pollutants, especially in zones /
agglomerations with exceedances of PM 2,5.
MCC-3: Support to researches related to PaMs planning and monitoring their effects on emissions
and air quality
Researches should help to determine cost-effective measures, measures that have a positive impact
on the development of the economy, employment, researches that help to transfer knowledge about
the best available techniques and the application of good practice. Tools, models for the emission
and air pollution assessment, techniques for determining contribution of certain sources of air
pollution, IT support, and databases for quantitative monitoring of progress and reporting are needed.
It is necessary to synergize with measures from various sectors and to encourage a holistic approach.
6.2. IMPACTS ON AIR QUALITY AND THE ENVIRONMENT OF INDIVIDUAL
PAMS OR PACKAGES OF PAMS CONSIDERED IN ORDER TO COMPLY
WITH THE EMISSION REDUCTION COMMITMENTS (2.6.2)
Following table 2.6.2. is referring to impacts on air quality and the environment of individual PaMs
or packages of PaMs considered in order to comply with the emission reduction commitments.
The Republic of Croatia has no available data to support the assessment of impacts on air quality and
the environment of idividual PaMs considered in oredr to comply with the emission reduction
commitments.
2.6.2. Impacts on air quality and the environment of individual PaMs or packages of PaMs considered in
order to comply with the emission reduction commitments (M, where available)
Where available, impacts on air quality (reference can also be made to
recommended air quality objectives by the WHO) and environment
Not available.
Further research is needed.
6.3. ESTIMATION OF COSTS AND BENEFITS OF THE INDIVIDUAL PAM OR
PACKAGE OF PAMS CONSIDERED IN ORDER TO COMPLY WITH THE
EMISSION REDUCTION COMMITMENTS
Member States are encouraged to report projected cost benefit estimates. This should be in line with
reporting under the MRR to support climate mitigation, as follows:
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Costs in EUR per tonne of abated pollutant
Absolute costs and benefits per year in EUR
Qualitative description, and ratio, of the cost and benefit estimates
Price year for the costs reported
Year for which the estimates have been calculated
In following table 2.6.3. only the framework costs for the individual measures for which an evaluation
was made based on the available data was given.
2.6.3. Estimation of costs and benefits of the individual PaM or package of PaMs considered in order to comply with the
emission reduction commitments (O)
Name and brief
description of
individual PaM or
package of PaMs
Costs in EUR
per tonne of
abated
pollutant
Absolute costs
per year in
EUR
Absolute
benefits per
year (EUR)
Cost/bene
fit ratio
Price year Qualitative description of the cost
and benefit estimates
MEN-P-1:
Integration of
measures for
pollutant emission
mitigation into
planning
documents and
projects for the
energy renewal of
buildings
NE NE NE NE NE
At the national level, it is about
coordinated forming of
measures and allocation of
resources which are expected
on the basis of PaM arising
from other obligations.
At the project and regional
level, costs and benefits need to
be assessed depending on the
measures chosen for individual
area.
MTR-P-1:
Integration of
measures for
pollutant emission
mitigation into
planning
documents and
projects from road
transport
NE NE NE NE NE
At the national level, it is about
coordinated forming of
measures and allocation of
resources which are expected
on the basis of PaM arising
from other obligations.
At the project and regional
level, costs and benefits need to
be assessed depending on the
measures chosen for individual
area.
MAG-1: Change in
diet of cattle and
pigs and animal
feed quality
NE 5.300.000 13.000.000 0,4 NE
Expert assessment of the
experts from the Faculty of
Agriculture. The absolute cost
arises from the application of all
sub-measures to all relevant
groups of animals, the benefit is
increased competitiveness and
production.
MAG-2: Anaerobic
decomposition of
manure and biogas
production
NE NE NE NE NE Not known.
MAG-3: Improving
cattle facilities,
systems of animal
manure
management and
ways of applying
organic fertilizer
NE 120.000.000 13.000.000 9,2 NE
Expert assessment of the
experts from the Faculty of
Agriculture. The cost refers to
the whole period up to
2050, investing in objects and
equipment that are used more
than one year. Benefit is
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2.6.3. Estimation of costs and benefits of the individual PaM or package of PaMs considered in order to comply with the
emission reduction commitments (O)
Name and brief
description of
individual PaM or
package of PaMs
Costs in EUR
per tonne of
abated
pollutant
Absolute costs
per year in
EUR
Absolute
benefits per
year (EUR)
Cost/bene
fit ratio
Price year Qualitative description of the cost
and benefit estimates
increased competitiveness and
production.
MAG-4:
Improvement of
mineral fertilizer
application methods
NE NE 10.000.000 NE NE
Expert assessment of the
experts from the Faculty of
Agriculture. Calculation is
based on savings of the total
amount of mineral fertilizer
applied.
MAG-5:
Hydromeliorative
interventions and
systems of
protection against
natural disasters
NE 1.000.000.000 4.500.000 222,2 NE
Cost is an expert assessment of
experts based on the default
starting points and targets
(surface) of the NAPNAV24
plan. Benefits are reduced
damages in production,
consumption of plant protection
product and fertilizers.
MAG-6:
Introduction of
new cultivars,
varieties and
cultures
NE NE 10.000.000 NE NE
Expert assessment with the use
of assumptions of negligible
input costs (which relate only to
education, without the
incentives for production) with
an increase of competitiveness,
production and spreading to the
currently poorly suitable soils.
MAG-7:
Preparation of the
National advisory
principles of good
agricultural
practice in
accordance with
the Framework
principles of good
agricultural
practice for
mitigation of
ammonia
emissions of the
United Nations
Economic
Commission for
Europe from 2014
NE 30.000 NE NE NE
Estimation of printing costs,
distribution of brochures and
presentation / workshops
MCC-1: Support
for the increase of
administrative,
technical and
managerial
capacities of local
communities
NE 5.000.000 NE NE NE Assessment of administrative
costs of development
MCC-2: Support
for preparation of
the documents for
providing
additional
financial
NE 1.000.000 NE NE NE Assessment of administrative
costs of development
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2.6.3. Estimation of costs and benefits of the individual PaM or package of PaMs considered in order to comply with the
emission reduction commitments (O)
Name and brief
description of
individual PaM or
package of PaMs
Costs in EUR
per tonne of
abated
pollutant
Absolute costs
per year in
EUR
Absolute
benefits per
year (EUR)
Cost/bene
fit ratio
Price year Qualitative description of the cost
and benefit estimates
resources for
more effective
implementation of
action plans for
air quality
improvement
MCC-3: Support
to researches
related to PaMs
planning and
monitoring their
effects on
emissions and air
quality
NE 1.000.000 NE NE NE
Benefits from this measure will
be many times larger than the
investment because it will
enable the selection of cost-
effective measures and monitor
their actual effect. Financial
funds will not be invested in
costly measures, and the
application will be of optimal
scale, as much as it is necessary
to achieve the targets.
6.4. ADDITIONAL DETAILS CONCERNING THE MEASURES FROM ANNEX
III PART 2 TO DIRECTIVE (EU) 2016/2284 TARGETING THE
AGRICULTURAL SECTOR TO COMPLY WITH THE EMISSION
REDUCTION COMMITMENTS
For the measures from Annex II Part 2 of the NEC Directive, Specific reporting is required, whether
the mandatory measures have been implemented, which of the non-mandatory measures are included
in the Programme and whether some modifications were made to them. Measures to reduce ammonia
emissions are prescribed by Article 22 of the NEC Regulation.
In following table 2.6.4. Additional details concerning the measures from Annex III Part 2 of the
NEC Directive targeting the agricultural sector to comply with the emission reduction commitments
(M) are given.
2.6.4. Additional details concerning the measures from Annex III Part 2 to Directive (EU) 2016/2284 targeting
the agricultural sector to comply with the emission reduction commitments (M):
Measures listed in Annex III, Part 2 Is the PaM
included in the
national air
pollution control
programme?
Yes/No (M)
If yes,
- indicate
section/page
number in
programme:
(M)
Has the PaM been applied exactly?
Yes/No (M)
If no, describe the modifications
that have been made (M)
A. Measures to control ammonia emissions
1. Member States shall establish a
national advisory code of good
agricultural practice to control
ammonia emissions, taking into account
the UNECE Framework Code for Good
Agricultural Practice for Reducing
Ammonia Emissions of 2014, covering
at least the following items:
(a) nitrogen management, taking into
account the whole nitrogen cycle;
(b) livestock feeding strategies;
Yes (measures
MAG-1,
MAG-2,
MAG-3,
MAG-4
MAG-7)
No
Ministry of agriculture, on the basis
of Article 22 of the Regulation on
national obligations to reduce
emissions of certain pollutants in
air in the Republic of Croatia
(Official Gazette, No. 76/18) is in
the development process of
National advisory principles of
good agricultural practice in
accordance with the Framework of
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118
2.6.4. Additional details concerning the measures from Annex III Part 2 to Directive (EU) 2016/2284 targeting
the agricultural sector to comply with the emission reduction commitments (M):
Measures listed in Annex III, Part 2 Is the PaM
included in the
national air
pollution control
programme?
Yes/No (M)
If yes,
- indicate
section/page
number in
programme:
(M)
Has the PaM been applied exactly?
Yes/No (M)
If no, describe the modifications
that have been made (M)
(c) low-emission manure spreading
techniques;
(d) low-emission manure storage
systems;
(e) low-emission animal housing
systems;
(f) possibilities for limiting ammonia
emissions from the use of mineral
fertilisers.
good agricultural practice for
ammonia emission mitigation of the
United Nations Economic
Commission of Europe 2014, which
include:
– nitrogen management, taking into
account the whole nitrogen cycle
– livestock feeding strategies
– low-emission manure spreading
techniques
– low-emission manure storage
systems
– low-emission animal housing
systems
– possibilities for limiting ammonia
emissions from the use of mineral
fertilisers.
2. Member States may establish a
national nitrogen budget to monitor
the changes in overall losses of
reactive nitrogen from agriculture,
including ammonia, nitrous oxide,
ammonium, nitrates and nitrites, based
on the principles set out in the
UNECE Guidance Document on
Nitrogen Budgets
No - No
3. Member States shall prohibit the use
of ammonium carbonate fertilisers
and may reduce ammonia emissions
from inorganic fertilisers by using the
following approaches:
(a) replacing urea-based fertilisers by
ammonium nitrate-based fertilisers;
(b) where urea-based fertilisers
continue to be applied, using methods
that have been shown to reduce
ammonia emissions by at least 30 %
compared with the use of the reference
method, as specified in the Ammonia
Guidance Document;
(c) promoting the replacement of
inorganic fertilisers by organic
fertilisers and, where inorganic
fertilisers continue to be applied,
spreading them in line with the
foreseeable requirements of the
receiving crop or grassland with respect
to nitrogen and phosphorus, also taking
into account the existing nutrient
content in the soil and nutrients from
other fertilisers.
Yes - Yes
Prohibition to use ammonium
carbonate fertilizers is prescribed in
Article 22, paragraph 2 of the
Regulation on national obligations
to reduce emissions of certain
pollutants in air in the Republic of
Croatia (Official Gazette, No.
76/18).
The possibility of reducing
ammonia emissions from inorganic
fertilizers by using approaches a) to
c) is not taken into Croatian
legislation and not applicable in this
context.
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2.6.4. Additional details concerning the measures from Annex III Part 2 to Directive (EU) 2016/2284 targeting
the agricultural sector to comply with the emission reduction commitments (M):
Measures listed in Annex III, Part 2 Is the PaM
included in the
national air
pollution control
programme?
Yes/No (M)
If yes,
- indicate
section/page
number in
programme:
(M)
Has the PaM been applied exactly?
Yes/No (M)
If no, describe the modifications
that have been made (M)
4. Member States may reduce ammonia
emissions from livestock manure by
using the following approaches:
(a) reducing emissions from slurry and
solid manure application to arable land
and grassland, by using methods that
reduce emissions by at least 30 %
compared with the reference method
described in the Ammonia Guidance
Document and on the following
conditions:
(i)only spreading manures and
slurries in line with the foreseeable
nutrient requirement of the receiving
crop or grassland with respect to
nitrogen and phosphorous, also
taking into account the existing
nutrient content in the soil and the
nutrients from other fertilisers;
(ii) not spreading manures and
slurries when the receiving land is
water saturated, flooded, frozen or
snow covered;
(iii) applying slurries spread to
grassland using a trailing hose,
trailing shoe or through shallow or
deep injection;
(iv) incorporating manures and
slurries spread to arable land within
the soil within four hours of
spreading.
(b) reducing emissions from manure
storage outside of animal houses, by
using the following approaches:
(i) for slurry stores constructed after
1 January 2022, using low emission
storage systems or techniques which
have been shown to reduce ammonia
emissions by at least 60 % compared
with the reference method described
in the Ammonia Guidance
Document, and for existing slurry
stores at least 40 %;
(ii) covering stores for solid manure;
(iii) ensuring farms have sufficient
manure storage capacity to spread
manure only during periods that are
suitable for crop growth.
(c) reducing emissions from animal
housing, by using systems which have
been shown to reduce ammonia
emissions by at least 20 % compared
No - No
The possibility of reducing
ammonia emissions from animal
manure by using approaches a) to
d) Will be an integral part of the
National advisory principles of
good agricultural practice which are
in the adoption process.
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2.6.4. Additional details concerning the measures from Annex III Part 2 to Directive (EU) 2016/2284 targeting
the agricultural sector to comply with the emission reduction commitments (M):
Measures listed in Annex III, Part 2 Is the PaM
included in the
national air
pollution control
programme?
Yes/No (M)
If yes,
- indicate
section/page
number in
programme:
(M)
Has the PaM been applied exactly?
Yes/No (M)
If no, describe the modifications
that have been made (M)
with the reference method described in
the Ammonia Guidance Document;
(d) reducing emissions from manure,
by using low protein feeding strategies
which have been shown to reduce
ammonia emissions by at least 10 %
compared with the reference method
described in the Ammonia Guidance
Document.
B. Emission reduction measures to control emissions of fine particulate matter (PM2,5) and black carbon (M)
1. Without prejudice to Annex II on
cross-compliance of Regulation (EU)
No 1306/2013 of the European
Parliament and of the Council(1),
Member States may ban open field
burning of agricultural harvest residue
and waste and forest residue. Member
States shall monitor and enforce the
implementation of any ban
implemented in accordance with the
first subparagraph. Any exemptions to
such a ban shall be limited to
preventive programmes to avoid
uncontrolled wildfires, to control pest
or to protect biodiversity.
No - No
Good agricultural and
environmental condition GAEC 6
of the Ordinance on multiple
conformity, (Official gazette, No.
32/15, 45/16, 26/18, 84/18), it is
prescribed the management of
harvest residues and the prevention
of overgrowth of agricultural
surfaces with unwanted vegetation
in order to preserve the soil and
carbon content in soil.
Burning of harvest residues from
agricultural surfaces is prohibited.
Harvest residues are not considered
to be residues resulting from the
pruning of permanent crops.
Burning of harvest residues is
allowed only in order to prevent
spreading or to suppress organisms
harmful to plants, about what there
is an official ordered measure.
Fulfillment of this condition
maintains a favorable level of
organic matter in the soil that is
necessary for the implementation of
agricultural production, prevents
the risk of fire, prevents pollution
of the environment with smoke and
ashes, prevents the destruction of
micro and macro fauna by fire,
improves the physico-chemical
properties of the soil and stimulates
biological activity in the surface
layer of soil sloju. For the purpose
of fulfilling this condition, burning
of harvest residues on agricultural
areas is prohibited.
2. Member States may establish a national
advisory code of good agricultural No - No
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2.6.4. Additional details concerning the measures from Annex III Part 2 to Directive (EU) 2016/2284 targeting
the agricultural sector to comply with the emission reduction commitments (M):
Measures listed in Annex III, Part 2 Is the PaM
included in the
national air
pollution control
programme?
Yes/No (M)
If yes,
- indicate
section/page
number in
programme:
(M)
Has the PaM been applied exactly?
Yes/No (M)
If no, describe the modifications
that have been made (M)
practices for the proper management of
harvest residue, on the basis of the
following approaches:
(a) improvement of soil structure
through incorporation of harvest
residue;
(b) improved techniques for
incorporation of harvest residue;
(c) alternative use of harvest residue;
(d) improvement of the nutrient status
and soil structure through
incorporation of manure as required for
optimal plant growth, thereby avoiding
burning of manure (farmyard manure,
deep- straw bedding).
On May 26, 2015, the European
Commission approved the Rural
development programme of the
Republic of Croatia for the period
2014 – 2020 developed by the
Ministry of agriculture and Paying
agency for agriculture, fisheries and
rural development.
The programme defines 18
measures targeted at increasing the
competitiveness of Croatian
agriculture, forestry and
manufacturing industry, but also the
improvement of living and working
conditions in rural areas in general.
Programme also includes measure
M2: Advisory services, service for
the management and assistance of
agricultural holdings, whose
implementation is regulated by
Ordinance on the implementation of
measure 02: Advisory services,
service for the management and
assistance of agricultural holdings
from the Rural development
programme of the Republic of
Croatia for the period 2014 – 2020
(Official gazette, No. 123/15)
C. Preventing impacts on small farms (M)
In taking the measures outlined in
Sections A and B, Member States shall
ensure that impacts on small and micro
farms are fully taken into account.
Member States may, for instance, exempt
small and micro farms from those
measures where possible and appropriate
in view of the applicable reduction
commitments (M)
No - No
7. STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION
Pursuant to Article 19 paragraph 7, the Ministry on the proposal of the Air Pollution Control Program
and all relevant amendments, before its completion and adoption by the Government of the Republic
of Croatia, conducts public consultation in accordance with national regulations governing public
participation in environmental matters and consultation with the competent authorities for which, due
to their special environmental competencies in the field of air pollution, quality and management at
the national level, the implementation of the NAPCP, refers to them. That is also provided in Article
National Air Pollution Control Programme MZOE
122
5 (5) of the NEC Directive. Transboundary consultations (Article 19, paragraph 8 of the NEC
Regulation and Article 5, paragraph 6 of the NEC Directives) are also carried out where appropriate.
In following table 2.7.1. results from consultations are presented – which were carried out before the
end of the program – with public and the competent authorities which, due to their specific
environmental responsibility in the field of air pollution, quality and management at all levels, likely
to be interested in the results of the implementation of the national air pollution control program and,
where possible, transboundary consultations.
Stakeholder consultations were carried out during the preparation of the expert backgrounds for the
Low-Carbon Development Strategy of the Republic of Croatia until 2030 with an outlook to 2050
and are mentioned in the following table.
2.7.1. The results of consultations - prior to the end of the programme - the public, the competent authorities
which, due to their specific responsibility for the environment in the field of air pollution, air quality and
management at all levels, will likely be interested in the results of the implementation of the national air
pollution control program, and where is possible, transboundary consultations
Consultation
with:
Procedure for
consultation:
Time of
consultation
period:
Summary of the outcome with
respect to the selection of PaMs:
Link to the
consultation
documents:
National
competent
authorities,
Public in
accordance
with Directive
2003/35
Workshops
during the
project
"Support to the
Republic of
Croatia in the
Development
of the Low-
Carbon
Development
Strategy
(LEDS)"
Sectoral
workshops were
held in the period
14.9.2012. until
14.11. 2012
Sector workshops were held by sector
energy and transport (14.9.2012),
agriculture (20.9.2012), energy and
industry (24.9.2012), waste
management (2.10.2012), LULUCF
(19.10.2012), buildings (26.10.2012)
and tourism (14.11.2012). At the
workshops there were representatives
of national competent authorities,
sector experts, representatives of
industrial associations, non-
governmental organizations and
interested public. Discussion was
about measures for long-term low-
carbon development. The key sector
measures identified are available on
the link.
http://www.
mzoip.hr/doc
/tranzicija_pr
ema_niskoug
ljicnom_razv
oju_hrvatske.
National
competent
authorities,
Public in
accordance
with Directive
2003/35
Workshops
during the
preparation of
expert
backgrounds
for the Low-
Carbon
Development
Strategy of the
Republic of
Croatia until
2030 with an
outlook to
2050
Sector Workshops
in the period from
May 13 to July 3,
2015. Final
Conference on
December 18,
2015
Sector workshops were held by
sectors: power plants and industry
(13.5.2015), transport (22.5.2015),
buildings (29.5.2015), agriculture and
forestry (9.6.2015), waste
management (3.7.2015. ).
At workshops there were
representatives of national competent
authorities, sectoral experts,
representatives of industrial
associations, non-governmental
organizations and interested public.
Analysis of state and needs were
presented and discussions on
measures for long-term low-carbon
development were discussed.
Presentations are available at link.
http://www.
mzoip.hr/hr/k
lima/strategij
e-planovi-i-
programi.htm
l
National
competent
authorities,
Public in
accordance
with Directive
2003/35,
Public
consultation
on the draft
Low-Carbon
Development
Strategy of the
Republic of
The Ministry of
Environment
Protection and
Energy has set up
the draft Low-
Carbon
Development
A total of 12 physical person and
legal authorities submitted comments
on the draft Low-Carbon
Development Strategy, of which six
physical persons, two public
institutions, one public company, two
https://esavjet
ovanja.gov.hr
/ECon/MainS
creen?entityI
d=5575
National Air Pollution Control Programme MZOE
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2.7.1. The results of consultations - prior to the end of the programme - the public, the competent authorities
which, due to their specific responsibility for the environment in the field of air pollution, air quality and
management at all levels, will likely be interested in the results of the implementation of the national air
pollution control program, and where is possible, transboundary consultations
Consultation
with:
Procedure for
consultation:
Time of
consultation
period:
Summary of the outcome with
respect to the selection of PaMs:
Link to the
consultation
documents:
Local
competent
authorities,
Regional
competent
authorities
Croatia until
2030 with an
outlook o
2050 and the
Strategic
Environmental
Impact Study
Strategy of the
Republic of
Croatia until 2030
with an outlook o
2050 on e-Advice
in the period from
16 June 2017 to
16 July 2017. On
July 14, 2017, a
public
presentation and
discussion of the
Draft Strategy
was held in the
Croatian chamber
of economy.
non-governmental organizations and
one public limited company.
Among the questions and comments
that have been repeated, most
important ones are following:
Low-Carbon development strategy
should prepare after the Energy
Strategy is being developed.
Will the indicative targets for REN
become binding for the Republic of
Croatia? What if it can not be
realized?
The increase in demand for
electricity is overestimated.
The statistical corrections in the
energy balance related to the use of
biomass for heating in the
residential sector affect the change
in overall RES share, uncertainty
and the consequences of changes in
data should be further examined.
The strategy is too detailed, the
document should be shortened.
The strategy is not sufficiently
detailed - additional clarifications
are needed regarding methodology,
models, inputs, implementation
measures.
How will the planned increase in
the share of central heating systems
for heat supply be achieved?
Evaluation question of
hydroelectric power plants as
multi-purpose projects?
Consistency in application of the
circular economy, regarding energy
utilisation of waste.
Most of the questiones refer to
energy, there were several questiones
related to waste management,
agriculture and the Land use and
Land-Use Change and Forestry sector
(LULUCF).
The Ministry of Environmental
Protection has decided to postpone
the adoption of the Low Carbon
Strategy, as long as the Energy
Strategy is not drafted. The Draft
Low Carbon Strategy and the New
Energy Strategy will serve to produce
the National Integrated Energy
Climate Plan, a document that will
help the Republic of Croatia establish
its binding goals within the
National Air Pollution Control Programme MZOE
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2.7.1. The results of consultations - prior to the end of the programme - the public, the competent authorities
which, due to their specific responsibility for the environment in the field of air pollution, air quality and
management at all levels, will likely be interested in the results of the implementation of the national air
pollution control program, and where is possible, transboundary consultations
Consultation
with:
Procedure for
consultation:
Time of
consultation
period:
Summary of the outcome with
respect to the selection of PaMs:
Link to the
consultation
documents:
framework of a common EU policy
towards fulfilling its obligations
under the Paris agreement by 2030.
National
competent
authorities,
transboundary
consultation
Consultations
and
workshops
within the
project
"Assistance to
MS in the
implementatio
n of GHG
projections
guidelines".
The
consortium
consisted of
companies
TNO, Aether,
Uba Vienna,
Amec, Öko-
Institut, ICCS
(E3MLab),
CITEPA and
VITO.
2014 and 2015,
with workshops in
Croatia 16.-17.
December 2014
and 25 February
2015
The purpose of the project was
capacity building and technical
assistance to prepare national
greenhouse gas emission projections
to be submitted in 2015 under
Regulation 525/2013 on the
mechanism for monitoring and
reporting on greenhouse gas
emissions and for reporting on other
information related to climate change
at the national and EU level (MMR).
During 18 months the project team
initiated a series of bilateral
consultations and workshops. The
action plan consisted of 14 points,
among which the part related to
technical and general questions about
designing and submitting projections
(projections of macroeconomic data,
models used, projection, PaMs
influence modeling, sensitivity
analysis etc.), part of projection in
energy (methodology, emission
distribution, input assumptions) and a
section on projections in non-energy
sectors. The project's result was to
improve the system and strengthen its
capacity to prepare greenhouse gas
emissions projections.
The results of
the project
itself are not
available
publicly, but
reports are
available at
http://www.h
aop.hr/hr/tem
atska-
podrucja/zrak
-klima-
tlo/klimatske-
promjene/izvj
esca
National
competent
authorities,
transboundary
consultation
Consultations
and
workshops
within the
project
"Assistance to
MS in the
implementatio
n of GHG
projections".
The
consortium
was composed
of companies
ICF, Aether,
E4SMA and
IIASA.
2016 and 2017,
with workshops in
Croatia 16.-17.
December 2014
and 25 February
2015
The purpose of the project was
capacity building and technical
assistance to prepare national
greenhouse gas emission projections
to be submitted in 2015 under
Regulation 525/2013 on the
mechanism for monitoring and
reporting on greenhouse gas
emissions and for reporting on other
information related to climate change
at the national and EU level (MMR).
The project team initiated a series of
bilateral consultations and
workshops. The action plan consisted
of 6 points, four of which concerned
the LULUCF sector, one on the
general issues of integrity and
transparency, and the last point on
energy projections. During the
project two workshops were held on
the LULUCF sector in Croatia and
Croatian representatives participated
The results of
the project
itself are not
available
publicly, but
reports are
available at
http://www.h
aop.hr/hr/tem
atska-
podrucja/zrak
-klima-
tlo/klimatske-
promjene/izvj
esca
National Air Pollution Control Programme MZOE
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2.7.1. The results of consultations - prior to the end of the programme - the public, the competent authorities
which, due to their specific responsibility for the environment in the field of air pollution, air quality and
management at all levels, will likely be interested in the results of the implementation of the national air
pollution control program, and where is possible, transboundary consultations
Consultation
with:
Procedure for
consultation:
Time of
consultation
period:
Summary of the outcome with
respect to the selection of PaMs:
Link to the
consultation
documents:
in two workshops in Brussels. The
project's result was to improve the
system and strengthen its capacity to
prepare greenhouse gas emissions
projections.
National
competent
authorities
Workshops
and
consultations
with the
Croatian
Agricultural
and Forestry
Advisory
Service
Harmonization with rural
development program and
consideration of potential additional
measures thet are not subject to
AECM and other measures;
discussion on the adoption of
recommendations from the
regulations and guidelines of good
agricultural practice in the form of
mandatory measures.
National
competent
authorities:
Ministry of
Agriculture,
Ministry of
the Sea,
Transport and
Infrastructure,
Ministry of
the Economy,
Ministry of
Foreign and
European
Affairs, the
Administratio
n at Ministry
of
Environmental
Protection and
Energy - ex
CAEN, e- Counseling
with the
interested
public.
Communicatio
n via E-mail
and a technical
meeting with
the Ministry of
Agriculture,
portal for e-
Counseling
The draft TDU
(Ministry of
Agriculture,
Ministry of the
Sea, Transport
and Infrastructure,
Ministry of the
Economy,
Ministry of
Foreign and
European Affairs
and the
Administration at
the Ministry of
Environmental
Protection and
Energy - ex
CAEN) was
submitted from
February 5 to
March 12, 2019.
E- Counseling
with the interested
public was held
within a period of
30 days after the
opinions of all
TDUs were
received.
The submitted Draft of National Air
Pollution Control Programme, the
Ministry of Foreign and European
Affairs and the Ministry of Economy
did not have any objections.
Comments from the Ministry of the
Sea, Transport and Infrastructure, the
Ministry of Agriculture and the
Administration at the Ministry of
Environmental Protection and Energy
- ex CAEN have been accepted and
included in the Programme Proposal.
In addition, with the Ministry of
Agriculture on March 12, 2019, a
meeting was held on which all the
comments and suggestions were
included in the Programme Proposal.
Not publicly
available
National Air Pollution Control Programme MZOE
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8. THE POLICIES SELECTED FOR ADOPTION BY SECTOR, INCLUDING
A TIMETABLE FOR THEIR ADOPTION, IMPLEMENTATION AND
REVIEW AND THE COMPETENT AUTHORITIES RESPONSIBLE
This chapter corresponds to chapter 2.8. of the Formate: “ The policies selected for adoption by sector,
including a timetable for their adoption, implementation and review and the competent authorities
responsible“.
8.1. INDIVIDUAL PAMs OR PACKAGE OF PAMS SELECTED FOR
ADOPTION AND THE COMPETENT AUTHORITIES RESPONSIBLE
The Member States' obligation is to select the most promising PaMs and to include them in the
NAPCP. Based on the outcome of the analysis undertaken previously, Member States are required to
report further information on the additional PaMs selected for inclusion in the NAPCP, as follows:
(see table 2.8.1 of the Formate):
- Planned year for adoption and timetable for implementation (year(s))
- Planned timetable for review (year)
- Competent authorities responsible for implementing and regulating the PaM
In the following table 2.8.1. PaMs selected for adoption and responsible competent authorities are
presented.
2.8.1. Individual PaMs or package of PaMs selected for adoption and the competent authorities responsible (M)
Name and brief
description of
individual PaM or
package of PaMs
(M)
Currentl
y
planned
year of
adoption
(M)
Relevant
comments
arising
from
consultati
on(s) in
relation to
the
individual
PaM or
package
of PaMs
(O)
Currently planned
timetable for
implementation (M)
Interim targets and indicators
selected to monitor progress in
implementation of the selected
PaMs (O)
Currently
planned
timetable
for review
(in case
different
from
general
update of
the
national
air
pollution
control
programm
e every
four years)
(M)
Competent
authorities
responsible for
the individual
PaM or
package of
PaMs (M):
Start
year (M):
End
year
(M):
Interim
Targets
Indicators
MEN-P-1:
Integration of
measures for
pollutants
emissions
reduction into
plan documents
and projects for
energy renovation
of buildings
2019 - 2021 2030
Adopt
the
measure
The number of
energy-renovated
houses in areas
where the air
quality is ruin
2023 MZOE,
MGIPU
National Air Pollution Control Programme MZOE
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2.8.1. Individual PaMs or package of PaMs selected for adoption and the competent authorities responsible (M)
Name and brief
description of
individual PaM or
package of PaMs
(M)
Currentl
y
planned
year of
adoption
(M)
Relevant
comments
arising
from
consultati
on(s) in
relation to
the
individual
PaM or
package
of PaMs
(O)
Currently planned
timetable for
implementation (M)
Interim targets and indicators
selected to monitor progress in
implementation of the selected
PaMs (O)
Currently
planned
timetable
for review
(in case
different
from
general
update of
the
national
air
pollution
control
programm
e every
four years)
(M)
Competent
authorities
responsible for
the individual
PaM or
package of
PaMs (M):
Start
year (M):
End
year
(M):
Interim
Targets
Indicators
MTR-P-1:
Integration of
measures for
pollutants
emissions
reduction into
plan documents
and road transport
prijects
2019 - 2021 2030
Adopt
the
measure
Number of electric
vehicles in areas
where air quality is
ruin
2023 MZOE, MPPI
MAG-1: Change
in livestock
feeding and
quality of
livestock feed
2019 - 2021 2030 -
Analysis of the
quality of livestock
feed and livestock
feed supplements
2023 MPS
MAG-2:
Anaerobic
decomposition of
manure and
biogas production
2019 - 2021 2030 - Share of livestock
on digestors 2023 MPS
MAG-3:
Improvement of
livestock plant,
animal waste
management
system and
application
methods of
organic fertilizer
2019 - 2021 2030 -
The share of animal
(pigs, cattle,
poultry) on farms
with biofilters,
covered lagoons
and within animal
hausing system
with appropriate
microclimatic
conditions
2023 MPS
MAG-4:
Improvement of
mineral fertilizer
application
methods
2019 - 2021 2030 -
Amount of applied
urea and mineral
fertilizers with slow
release of nitrogen
2023 MPS
MAG-5:
Hydrotechnical
interventions and
systems for
protection against
natural disasters
2019 - 2021 2030 -
Area of treated land
under systems with
irrigation, drainage
and protection
against natural
disasters
2023 MPS
National Air Pollution Control Programme MZOE
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2.8.1. Individual PaMs or package of PaMs selected for adoption and the competent authorities responsible (M)
Name and brief
description of
individual PaM or
package of PaMs
(M)
Currentl
y
planned
year of
adoption
(M)
Relevant
comments
arising
from
consultati
on(s) in
relation to
the
individual
PaM or
package
of PaMs
(O)
Currently planned
timetable for
implementation (M)
Interim targets and indicators
selected to monitor progress in
implementation of the selected
PaMs (O)
Currently
planned
timetable
for review
(in case
different
from
general
update of
the
national
air
pollution
control
programm
e every
four years)
(M)
Competent
authorities
responsible for
the individual
PaM or
package of
PaMs (M):
Start
year (M):
End
year
(M):
Interim
Targets
Indicators
MAG-6:
Introduction of
new cultivars,
varieties and
species
2019 - 2021 2030 -
Land surface and
yield of new
cultivars, varieties
and cultures
2023 MPS
MAG-7:
Preparation of the
National advisory
Code for Good
Agricultural
Practice in
accordance with
the Framework
Code for Good
Agricultural
Practice for
Reducing
Ammonia
Emissions of the
United Nations
Economic
Commission for
Europe, 2014
2019 - 2020 2030
Adopt
Code
Publishi
ng and
brochure
distributi
on
Maintain
presentat
ions /
educatio
n
Monitor
the
impleme
ntation
Number of
distributed
brochures
Number of
workshops held and
number of users
The share of farms
that applied the
code of good
agricultural
practices aimed at
reducing NH3
emissions
2023 MPS
National Air Pollution Control Programme MZOE
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2.8.1. Individual PaMs or package of PaMs selected for adoption and the competent authorities responsible (M)
Name and brief
description of
individual PaM or
package of PaMs
(M)
Currentl
y
planned
year of
adoption
(M)
Relevant
comments
arising
from
consultati
on(s) in
relation to
the
individual
PaM or
package
of PaMs
(O)
Currently planned
timetable for
implementation (M)
Interim targets and indicators
selected to monitor progress in
implementation of the selected
PaMs (O)
Currently
planned
timetable
for review
(in case
different
from
general
update of
the
national
air
pollution
control
programm
e every
four years)
(M)
Competent
authorities
responsible for
the individual
PaM or
package of
PaMs (M):
Start
year (M):
End
year
(M):
Interim
Targets
Indicators
MCC-1: Support
for increasing the
administrative,
technical and
management
capacities of local
communities
2019 - 2021 2030
Adopt
the
measure
The number of
workshops held,
number of new
portals,
the number of new
promotional
materials,
number of
informative
campaigns,
the number of
projects submitted
for funding through
the LIFE program,
number of FZOEU
tenders,
the number of other
programs and funds
activated to ensure
the implementation
of the measure
2023 MZOE, MPPI
MCC-2: Support
to provide
additional
financial
resources for
more effective
implementation
of air quality
improvement
action plans
2019 - 2021 2030
Adopt
the
measure
The number of
projects submitted
for funding through
the LIFE program,
number of FZOEU
tenders,
the number of other
programs and funds
activated to ensure
the implementation
of the measure
2023 MZOE, MPPI
MCC-3: Support
to research on
PaMs planning
and monitoring of
their effects on
emissions and air
quality
2019 2019 2025
Adopt
the
measure,
include
it
funding
plans
Number of projects 2023 MZOE, MZIO
National Air Pollution Control Programme MZOE
130
8.2. AN ASSESSMENT OF HOW SELECTED PAMS ENSURE COHERENCE
WITH PLANS AND PROGRAMMES SET UP IN OTHER RELEVANT
POLICY AREAS
Once the additional PaMs for inclusion in the initial NAPCP have been selected for adoption, Member
State authorities should conduct an overarching coherence assessment to ensure the NAPCP is
coherent with other relevant policies and programmes.
Following table 2.8.2. gives an explanation for the choice of selected measures and an assessment of
how selected PaMs ensure coherence with the plans and programmes set up in other relevant policy
areas (M).
2.8.2. Explanation of the choice of selected measures and an assessment of how selected PaMs ensure
coherence with plans and programmes set up in other relevant policy areas (M)
An explanation of the choice made among the measures
considered under 2.6.1 to determine the final set of selected
measures
All proposed measures have been selected.
Coherence of the selected PaMs with air quality
objectives at national level and, where appropriate, in
neighbouring Member States (M)
The PaM package is aligned with air quality targets
at the national and local level as it is estimated to
contribute most to improving air quality in areas,
where it has been damaged.
Coherence of the selected PaMs with other relevant
plans and programmes established by virtue of the
requirements set out in national or Union legislation
(e.g. national energy and climate plans) (M)
The PaM package is fully aligned with the relevant
plans and programs established in accordance with
the requirements established by the national
legislation and encourage synergy in the
preparation and implementation of measures
consistent with other relevant plans and programs
established in accordance with the requirements
established by national or EU legislation.
National Air Pollution Control Programme MZOE
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9. PROJECTED COMBINED IMPACTS OF PAMS ('WITH ADDITIONAL
MEASURES' - WAM) ON EMISSION REDUCTIONS, AIR QUALITY AND
THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE ASSOCIATED UNCERTAINTIES
This Chepter corresponds to chapter 2.9. Projected combined impacts of PaMs ('With Additional
Measures' - WAM) on emissions reductions, air quality and the environment and the associated
uncertainties“.
9.1. PROJECTED ATTAINMENT OF EMISSION REDUCTION
COMMITMENTS
This chepter provide an overwiev of emission projections for all NEC Direvtive pollutant for 2020,
2025 and 2030 with the application of selected PAMs for the WAM scenario, shown in Chapter 5.1.
Followin table 2.9.1. gives an overwiev of projected attainment of emission reduction commitments
(WAM) (M).
2.9.1. Projected attainment of emission reduction commitments (WAM) (M)
Pollutants
(M)
Total emissions (kt), consistent
with inventories for year x-3,
(M):
% emission reduction
achieved compared
with 2005
National
emission
reduction
commitment
for 2020-
2029 (%)
(M):
National
emission
reduction
commitment
from 2030
(%) (M):
20
05
ba
se y
ear
20
20
20
25
20
30
20
20
20
25
20
30
SO2 58.72 7.52 6.99 6.52 87.20 88.09 88.90 55 83
NOx 84.46 40.94 34.78 30.60 51.53 58.83 63.77 31 57
NMVOC 117.02 50.80 45.56 41.54 56.59 61.07 64.50 34 48
NH3 42.21 32.58 29.48 26.70 22.81 30.15 36.73 1 25
PM2,5 40.85 18.33 15.66 13.31 55.14 61.67 67.42 18 55
Below are graphs of emission projections and emission reductions for WM and WAM scenarios.
SO2
Figure 8-1: Historic trend and projections of SO2 emissions for WM and WAM scenario
National Air Pollution Control Programme MZOE
132
Projections show that it is expected to meet the quota and emission reduction commitment for SO2
for both scenarios. In the WAM scenario up to 2030, an additional emission reduction of 2.87 kt SO2
is expected in comparison with the WM scenario, which would reduce emissions by 34.7% below the
2030 emission reduction commitment (in the WM scenario emission level is 6.0% below obligation
for 2030). The main impact on reducing SO2 emissions have measures of additional encouragement
of renewable energy sources and consequently lower electricity generation from fossil fuels as well
as less fugitive emissions.
NOx
Figure 8-2: Historic trend and projections of NOx emissions for WM and WAM scenario
Projections show that it is expected to meet the quota and emission reduction commitment for NOx
for both scenarios. In the WAM scenario up to 2030 there is an additional 2.98 kt NOx emission
reduction compared to the WM scenario, which would reduce emissions by 12.5% below the
obligation for 2030 (in the WM scenario emission level is 3.9% below the obligation for 2030). The
main impact on the reduction of NOx emissions have measures in transport and renovation of
buildings and the replacement of furnaces and fuel in the residetial sector.
NH3
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Figure 8-3: Historic trend and projections of NH3 emissions for WM and WAM scenario
Projections show that it is expected to meet the quota and emission reduction commitment for NH3
only in the WAM scenario. In the WAM scenario up to 2030, an additional emission reduction of
8.89 kt NH3 is achieved in comparison to the WM scenario, with the emission reduction being 15.6%
below the obligation for 2030 (in the WM scenario the emission level is 12.4% above the obligation
for 2030). The main impact on NH3 emission reduction have measures in the agriculture sector.
NMVOC
Figure 8-4: Historic trend and projections of NMVOC emissions for WM and WAM scenario
Projections show that it is expected to meet the quota and emission reduction commitment for
NMVOC for both scenarios. In the WAM scenario up to 2030, an additional emission reduction of
6.08 kt NMVOC in comparison to the WM scenario is expected, with a reduction in emissions of
31.7% below the obligation for 2030 (in the WM scenario the emission level is 21.7% below the
obligation for 2030). The main influence on NMVOC emission reduction have measures of the
renovation of buildings and the replacement of appliances and fuels in the residential sector and
measures in the waste management sector.
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PM2,5
Figure 8-5: Historic trend and projections of PM2,5 emissions for WM and WAM scenario
Projections show that it is expected to meet the emission reduction commitment for PM2.5 for both
scenarios. In the WAM scenario up to 2030, an additional emission reduction of 2.24 kt PM2.5 is
expected in comparison to the WM scenario, with emission reduction of 27.6% below the obligation
for 2030 (in the WM scenario emission level is by 15.4% below the obligation for 2030). The main
impact on emissions reductions have measure of the renovation of buildings and the replacement of
appliances and fuels in the residential sector.
PM10
Figure 8-6: Historic trend and projections of PM10 emissions for WM and WAM scenario
For PM10 emissions there is no emission reduction commitments and the trend and causes of
emissions are similar to those for PM2.5 emissions.
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9.2. NON-LINEAR TRAJECTORY FOR EMISSION REDUCTIONS
Where projected emission reduction under the WAM scenario do not result in a linear trajectory
between 2020 and 2030, Members States are required to provide supporting information that confirms
that adopted measures will deliver the emission reduction targets for 2030. A non-linear trajectory is
only acceptable in circumstances where there is evidence demonstrating that a non-linear trajectory
is economically or technically more efficient, and does not affect the achievement of any reduction
commitment for 2030 (Article 4(2) of NEC Directive).
Additionally, the Member State must also demonstrate that from 2025 onwards the non-linear
trajectory converges with the linear trajectory to meet the same emission reduction targets for 2030.
Information on the projected trajectory of emission reductions, including status in 2025, should be
included in the NAPCP proposals presented to the public for consultation in line with requirements
of Article 6(5) of NEC Directive.
Emission projections for the Republic of Croatia under the WM and WAM scenario do not result in
a non-linear trajectory for emission reductions between 2020 and 2030 (see graphs in Table 2.9.2. of
Formats).
The following table 2.9.2. shows the non-linear emission reduction trajectory (M, where appropriate).
2.9.2. Non-linear emission reduction trajectory (M, where appropriate)
Where a non-linear
emission reduction
trajectory is followed,
demonstrate that it is
technically or economically
more efficient (alternative
measures would involve
entailing disproportionate
costs), will not compromise
the achievement of any
reduction commitment in
2030, and that the trajectory
will converge on the linear
trajectory from 2025
onwards (M, where
relevant)
Projections do not show a non-linear emission reduction trajectory between 2020
and 2030 that would go above the linear emission reduction trajectory, as can be
seen in the images below for each pollutant.
SO2
NOx
0,00
10,00
20,00
30,00
40,00
50,00
60,00
70,00
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
kt S
O2
Povijesni trend S mjerama (WM)
S dodatnim mjerama (WAM) Obveza, od 2020. do 2029.
Obveza, od 2030. Linearna trajektorija smanjenja emisija
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NH3
NMVOC
PM2,5
0,00
10,00
20,00
30,00
40,00
50,00
60,00
70,00
80,00
90,00
100,00
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030kt N
OX
Povijesni trend S mjerama (WM)
S dodatnim mjerama (WAM) Obveza, od 2020. do 2029.
Obveza, od 2030. Linearna trajektorija smanjenja emisija
0,00
10,00
20,00
30,00
40,00
50,00
60,00
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
kt
NH
3
Povijesni trend S mjerama (WM)
S dodatnim mjerama (WAM) Kvota u 2020. godini
Kvota u 2030. godini Linearna trajektorija smanjenja emisija
0,00
10,00
20,00
30,00
40,00
50,00
60,00
70,00
80,00
90,00
100,00
110,00
120,00
130,00
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
kt N
MH
OS
Povijesni trend S mjerama (WM)
S dodatnim mjerama (WAM) Obveza, od 2020. do 2029.
Obveza, od 2030. Linearna trajektorija smanjenja emisija
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PM10
9.3. THE USE OF FLEXIBILITIES
The Directive includes a provision to allow the use of flexibilities with respect to the reporting of
national emission inventories in particular circumstances (Article 5 of the NEC Directive and Article
23 of NEC Regulation). For those flexibilities that already existed in the (revised) Gothenburg
Protocol, the conditions in the NEC Directive are aligned with those already established under
CLRTAP, although the Directive introduced some additional restrictions. In addition, the use of
flexibilities requires annual approval by the European Commission.
The flexibilities set out in Article 5(2) and 5(4) of the NEC Directive (and in Article 23(4) and 23(6)
of the NEC Regulation) mainly apply to cases where exceptional circumstances (eg. due to an
exceptionally cold winter or an exceptionally dry summer, a sudden and exceptional interruption or
loss of capacity in the power and/or heat supply or production system, which could not reasonably
have been foreseen) result in unplanned non-compliance with emission reduction commitments, and
so are not relevant when first formulating the NAPCP (but may be for later updates).
However, the flexibility mechanism described in Article 5 (3) of the NEC Directive and in Article
23(5) of NEC Regulation is one that could be taken into account in planning: “If in a given year a
Member State, for which one or more reduction commitments laid down in Annex II are set at a more
0,00
10,00
20,00
30,00
40,00
50,00
60,00
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030kt P
M2,5
Povijesni trend S mjerama (WM)
S dodatnim mjerama (WAM) Obveza, od 2020. do 2029.
Obveza, od 2030. Linearna trajektorija smanjenja emisija
0,00
10,00
20,00
30,00
40,00
50,00
60,00
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
kt P
M10
Povijesni trend S mjerama (WM) S dodatnim mjerama (WAM)
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stringent level than the cost-effective reduction identified in TSAP 16, cannot comply with the
relevant emission reduction commitment after having implemented all cost-effective measures, it
shall be deemed to comply with that relevant emission reduction commitment for a maximum of five
years, provided that for each of those years it compensates for that non-compliance by an equivalent
emission reduction of another pollutant referred to in Annex II.”
A Member State satisfying the conditions in Article 5(3) of NEC Directive and in Article 23(5) of
NEC Regulation which wishes to make use of the flexibility should ensure that the NAPCP includes
measures which ensure that:
- the reduction commitment in question is complied with within five years and
- the excess is compensated for in each year for which it persists by an equivalent emission
reduction of another pollutant.
Members States that intend to apply paragraph 1, 2, 3 or 4 of Article 5 od NEC Directive (paragraph
from 1 to 6 of NEC Regulation) shall inform the Commission thereof by 15 February of the reporting
year concerned.
In the following table 2.9.3. Flexibilities, the possibility of using flexibility is given.
For the first submission of the Programme, the Republic of Croatia will not use the flexibility.
2.9.3. Flexibilities (M, where appropriate)
Where flexibilities are used, provide an account of
their use (M, where appropriate)
Is not being used.
9.4. PROJECTED IMPROVEMENT IN AIR QUALITY
For the purposes of this Programme projected improvement in air quality has not been developed.
To demonstrate projected improvement in air quality under a WAM scenario, it is necessary to
prepare a quantitative analysis of the initial values in the WAM scenario, with achieving the following
results:
- Projected number of non-compliant and compliant air quality zones (out of all zones) for the
years 2020, 2025, and 2030,
- Projected maximum exceedances of air quality limit values and average exposure indicators
for the years 2020, 2025, and 2030.
- Where quantitative data is not available, qualitative projected improvement in air quality
(WAM) and degree of compliance.
Projected improvement in air quality are not available at national or local level due to lack of expertise
and tools to produce them.
2.9.4. Projected improvement in air quality (WAM)
A. Projected number of non-compliant and compliant air quality zones
AAQD values Projected number of non-
compliant air quality zones
Projected number of
compliant air quality zones
Total number of air quality
zones
Sp
ecif
y b
ase
yea
r
20
20
20
25
20
30
Sp
ecif
y b
ase
yea
r
20
20
20
25
20
30
Sp
ecif
y b
ase
yea
r
20
20
20
25
20
30
PM2,5 (1 yr) - - - - - - - - - - - -
NO2 (1 yr) - - - - - - - - - - - -
PM10 (1 yr) - - - - - - - - - - - -
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O3 (max 8 hr mean) - - - - - - - - - - - -
Other (please
specify)
- - - - - - - - - - - -
B. Maximum exceedances of air quality limit values and average exposure indicators
AAQD values Projected maximum exceedances of air quality limit
values across all zones
Projected average exposure indicator
(only for PM2,5 (1 year))
Sp
ecif
y b
ase
yea
r
20
20
20
25
20
30
Sp
ecif
y b
ase
yea
r
20
20
20
25
20
30
PM2,5 (1 yr) - - - - - - - -
NO2 (1 yr) - - - -
NO2 (1 hr) - - - -
PM10 (1 god.) - - - -
PM10 (24 hrs) - - - -
O3 (max 8 hr mean) - - - -
Other (please
specify)
- - - -
C. Illustrations demonstrating the projected improvement in air quality and degree of compliance
Maps or histograms illustrating the projected evolution of ambient air concentrations
(for at least NO2, PM10, PM2,5 and O3, and any other pollutant(s) that present(s) a
problem) and which show, for instance, the number of zones, out of the total air
quality zones, that will be (non)compliant by 2020, 2025 and 2030, the projected
maximum national exceedances, and the projected average exposure indicator.
Not available.
D. Qualitative projected improvement in air quality and degree of compliance (WAM) (in case no quantitative
data is provided in the tables above
Qualitative projected improvement in air quality
and degree of compliance (WAM) Not available.
The assessment is that the implementation of WAM measures could
improve the air quality with regard to NO2, so there is no
exceedance, which is now the case in one agglomeration.
The reduction in particle matter emissions is unlikely to be sufficient
to avoid exceeding limit value for PM10 and PM2,5 (daily values)
because the contribution of long-range transboundary air pollution
is large. A far greater emission reduction will be needed to achieve
WHO values.
The air quality regarding ground-level ozone could be improved but
not significantly, so exceedances and non-compliance would remain.
During the next reporting period, through amendments to this Programme in accordance with the
degree of improvement of professional knowledge and a tools for assessment, modeling and
preparation of projections of improvement in air quality in the Republic of Croatia, Chapter Projected
improvement in air quality, will be completed.
9.5. PROJECTED IMPACTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT
For 2020, 2025 and 2030, Member States should report the projected impacts on the environment
under WAM scenario. Indicators should be aligned with those under the LRTAP Convention on
exposure of ecosystems to acidification, eutrophication and ozone ground-level ozone. Member
Sstates may provide a qualitative description of these impacts or quantify the impacts in terms of
share of Member State (%) territory exposed to:
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- acidification in exceedance of the critical level threshold
- eutrophication in exceedance of the critical level threshold
- ground-level ozone in exceedance of the critical level threshold
The Plan for the protection of air, ozone layer and climate change mitigation in the Republic of
Croatia for the 2013 – 2017 period („Official Gazette“, No. 139/13) envisaged the implementation of
measure MPR-13 Mapping of thresholds for the harmful effects of nitrogen deposition in order to
determine the degree of biodiversity vulnerability in protected areas in Croatia. The measure has not
been implemented and is therefore not a precondition for projecting impacts of the WAM scenario
on the environment.
The following table 2.9.5. Projected impacts on the environment (WAM) were not available at
national or local level.
2.9.5. Projected impacts on the environment (WAM)
Base year used
to assess
environmental
impacts (please
specify
2020: 2025: 2030: Description:
Member State territory exposed to acidification
in exceedance of the critical load threshold (%)
- - - - -
Member State territory exposed to
eutrophication in exceedance of the critical load
threshold (%)
- - - - -
Member State territory exposed to ozone in
exceedance of the critical level threshold (%)
- - - - -
9.6. METHODOLOGIES AND UNCERTAINTIES OF WAM POLICY
OPTIONS
In following table 2.9.6. the link between methodology and uncertainty of WAM policy options is
given.
2.9.6. Methodologies and uncertainties of WAM policy options
Report the details of the methodology/ model(s) used to
determine impact:
See chapter 4.1.1.
Outline key assumptions and associated uncertainties for
the WAM policy options:
See chapter 4.1.1.
Sensitivity analysis was also conducted. In addition to the sensitivity analysis depending on the
hydrological conditions, sensitivity analysis and other parameters crucial for the electrical power
system were carried out. The sensitivity to changing the following parameters has been analyzed:
for WAM scenario:
o net import up to 30% of electrical energy, instead of scenario without net import (except
from Nuclear power plant Krško);
o net import up to 30% electrical energy, instead of scenario without net import (except
from Nuclear power plant Krško), but in combination with 30% lower natural gas price
(in relation to prices from EU Reference scenario 2016);
Overview of the analysis is shown in Table 8-1 and in Figure 8-7.
Table 8-1: Overview of the sensitivtiy analysis
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Scenario to
which the
projections
sensitivity was
analyzed
Changed parameters Influence on pollutant emissions
WAM
Net import up to 30% of electrical
energy, instead of scenario without net
import (except from Nuclear power
plant Krško)
Enabling net import of electrical energy while keeping
other parameters unchanged would lead to reduced work
of thermal power plants on fossil fuels and thus the
emissions of pollutants would be lower. Visible decrease
of SO2 emission is up to 3%, for NOx up to 1,5% and
under 1% for NMVOC in the year 2030.
WAM
Net import up to 30% electrical energy,
instead of scenario without net import
(except from Nuclear power plant
Krško), but in combination with 30%
lower natural gas price (in relation to
prices from EU Reference scenario
2016)
In case of additional change in natural gas prices (price
reduction), the difference in relation to WAM scenario
would be lower because the production of electrical
energy from natural gas would be cheaper, but the
emissions still show lower values compared to WAM
scenario.
Figure 8-7: Sensitivity analysis of emissions in relation to WAM scenario
9.7. MONITORING PROGRESS IN IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PAMS AND
THE NATIONAL AIR POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAMME
Methods to determine progress made by current PaMs have been described in Chapter 3.2. When
elaborating the NAPCP, Member States must ensure that progress in implementation of the NAPCP
as a whole, as well as for individual additional PaMs is monitored by continuous and systematic data
collection. Intermediate targets should be established where applicable to ensure any issues with
implementation and application of the NAPCP and PaMs are detected early. For the NAPCP as a
whole, monitoring of progress must be undertaken relative to the trajectory of emission reductions
established in the initial NAPCP.
Monitoring of the NAPCP and individual PaMs should be undertaken throughout their life-cycle and
at the relevant levels of implementation (i.e. national/ regional/ local):
Implementation: introduction of PaM into laws, plans and programmes at the local, regional
and/or national level as defined in the NAPCP;
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Application: monitoring of the progress in PaMs against their initial objectives. This should
be supported by monitoring of specific indicators as described below;
Compliance and enforcement: monitoring of specific actions undertaken by operators,
authorities and agencies, monitoring of any inspections that took place and enforcement
actions taken.
When defining indicators for NAPCP and individual PaMs, Member States should ensure that they
are relevant (linked to NAPCP and PaMs objectives), accepted by relevant stakeholders, credible
(easy to interpret), easy (to monitor) and robust (against manipulation). Indicators may be both
quantitative and qualitative. Exact selection of indicators depends on the content and administrative
framework in which the NAPCP and individual PaMs are established. For PaMs intended to directly
reduce emissions, change in annual emissions and contribution to concentrations from key (relevant)
sources should be monitored as a minimum.
In the following table 2.9.7. Examples of indicators to monitor progress in implementation and
application of NAPCP and additional PaMs are presented.
2.9.7. Monitoring progress in implementation of the PaMs and the national air pollution control programme
Indicators selected to monitor progress
in implementation and/or application
of the selected PaMs.
- report on the implementation of each plan and programme at national and
local level (plans, action plans and programmes);
- vehicle-kilometers reduced;
- number of low-emissions vehicles deployed;
- share of facilities applying advanced abatement system;
- number of inefficient domestic furnaces and boilers replaced;
- number of houses fitted with insulation;
- annual emissions from sources;
- contribution of sources to pollutants concentrations in air.
Indicators selected to monitor progress
in implementation and/or application
of the NAPCP
- report on the implementation of measures envisaged by WM and WAM
scenarios of the NAPCP;
- updating of relevant laws and regulations;
- inclusion of PaM into laws, plans and programmes at local and national
level;
- number of JLS (local government unit) that update their air quality plans;
- reduction in annual emissions achieved against planned emission
reduction trajectory;
- reduction in concentrations of pollutants in air (based on measurement and
application of models).
Interim targets set out at the level of
the selected PaMs and/or the NAPCP:
- supervision over the implementation of specific actions defined in this
Programme which should be undertaken by operators, competent
authorities, agencies;
- monitoring the implementation of action plans;
- monitoring the work of the inspection and its undertaken activities.
To monitor progress in the implementation of action plans for improving air quality, one of the
measures is:
Establishment of a tool / system for assessment of progress by applying air pollution modeling in
cities, which includes a more precise definition of the contribution of transboundary air pollution,
regional contribution and contribution of individual group of sources. Namely, the results of air
quality measurements in a period of one or several years can show a deterioration of air quality, even
though emissions have been reduced. Ground-level concentrations strongly depend on meteorological
and climate conditions, so in some years there may be, eg. a more days with air mass stagnation and
the accumulation of pollution, as well as the transmission of pollution from other areas can be very
different from year to year. By applying the models, it will be possible to determine how much is
consequently, improvement in air quality. Models can also be of a more robust type, in order to be
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practical to use, an important comparison is with the initial year of implementation of a particular air
quality improvement plan, so the relative assessment gives a good information.
- In areas that contribute the most to particulate matter pollution (residential combustion), it is
necessary to accurately determine technologies and fuels that are used. That will enable an
assessment of the effects of the measures and planning of stimulating schemes and the
amount of financial resources required.
- In strategic environmental impact studies and environmental impact studies, special
attention should be focused on parts related to particulate matter emissions and the impact
on air quality.
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10. DISSEMINTION OF THE NATIONAL AIR POLLUTION PROGRAMMME
This Chapter corresponds to the Chapter 2.10. „Dissemination of the national air pollution control
programme“ common reporting format on national air pollution programmes in accordance with the
NEC Directive of the European Parliament and the Council on the national emission reduction of
certain atmospheric pollutants.
Chapter and Table 2.10 of Format are not mandatory, but arbitrary parts of the Programme.
The chapter outlines the guidelines for dissemination of the Air pollution control programme.
The Republic of Croatia, as other Member States, most actively and systematically disseminate their
NAPCP to the public by publishing it on a publicly accessible internet site (Article 14(1) of the NEC
Directive). Pursuant to Article 19, paragraph 10 of the NEC Regulation, the National air pollution
control programme, as well as its updated versions, are published in the „Official Gazette“ and the
Ministriy's website. The mentioned is in accordance with the requirements of the UNECE Convention
on access to information, public participation in decision-making and access to justice in
environmental matters (Aarhus Convention24), the EU is committed to ensuring public access to
environmental information.
The Directive also requires Member States to disseminate datasets and information as reported in
accordance with Article 10 of NEC Directive and Aticle 12 of NEC Regulation, on a publicly
accessible internet site. In accordance with the aforementioned, and to facilitate the use of all reported
data under the NEC Directive, the Republic of Croatia included all website links to the NAPCP and
supporting datasets and reports in the Draft proposal of national air pollution control programme and
in the comman Format, which include links on:
national emission inventories;
national emission projections;
informative inventory report; and
additional reports and information communicated to the Commission in accordance with
Article 10 of the NEC Directive and Article 12 of the NEC Regulation including the location
of the monitoring sites and associated indicators for monitoring air pollution impacts on
ecosystems, and the monitoring data according to Article 9 of the NEC Directive and Article
24 of the NEC Regulation.
2.10. Dissemination of the national air pollution control programme
Active and systematic dissemination of the national air pollution control programme to the public
Overview of steps taken to
actively and systematically
disseminate the programme:
1. All website links provided in the NAPCP should be checked before
any submission of the NAPCP to ensure they are still working.
2. Publication in “Official Gazette“
3. Publication on websites of MZOE
Link to website where the
programme is published:
https://www.mzoip.hr/hr/okolis/zrak.html
Link(s) to available datasets,
underlying analysis and reports
supporting the NAPCP:
Link to national emission inventories and projections:
http://www.haop.hr/hr/emisije-oneciscujucih-tvari-u-zrak-na-podrucju-
republike-hrvatske/emisije-oneciscujucih-tvari-u
24 Directive 2003/4/EC, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32003L0004
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http://www.haop.hr/hr/tematska-podrucja/zrak-klima-tlo/klimatske-
promjene/izvjesca
Link to a spatial emission distribution:
https://emep.haop.hr/
Link to data and reports that support the quality of Air in Republic of Croatia:
http://iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/datoteka?id=74786
http://iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/index.html
http://iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/datoteka?id=30810
http://iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/datoteka?id=30809
http://iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/godizvrpt.htm?pid=0&t=0
http://iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/godizvrpt.htm?pid=0&t=4
http://iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/hPlan.htm
http://iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/iSourceAppointment.htm
http://iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/jEvaluation.htm
http://iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/kMeasure.htm
http://iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/datoteka?id=69590
Link to data related to the position of monitoring locations and related
indicators used to monitor the effects of air pollution on ecosystems and
monitoring data:
http://cdr.eionet.europa.eu/hr/eu/nec_revised/sites/envwzyyww/
Document: „Guidance on the elaboration and implementation of the initial National Air Pollution
Control Programmes under the new National Emissions Ceilings Directive (2016/2284/EU)“, D
61728, Issue Number 6, Date 02/02/2018, Ricardo), states additional suggestions as the best practice
for dissemination of NAPCP:
- develop a communication plan to support the dissemination of the NAPCP:
o identify the targeted audience for the NAPCP (eg key competent authorities,
agencies, cities, reference and test laboratories, etc.) and
o list of media contacts and a timeframe for issuing press releases concerning the
NAPCP.
- include indicators for determining the level of public engagement with the NAPCP (as
setting up a target for the number of website hits, where the NAPCP is published).
- publishing of non-technical summaries for the public to explain the purpose of the NAPCP
and its content.
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verzija), Zagreb: MZOE, 2017.
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[16] T. Pukšec, B. Vad Matheisen i N. Duić, »Potentials for energy savings and long term energy
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APPENDIX 1. DESCRIPTION OF CURRENTLY APPLIED AND ADOPETED PAM's
Energy
The important currently actual strategies and plans include: Energy Strategy (OG 130/09), Long-
Term Strategy for Mobilising Investment in the Renovation of the National Building Stock (OG
74/14), Plan for protection of air, ozone layer and climate change mitigation in the Republic of Croatia
for the period from 2013 to 2017 (OG 139/13), National Renewable Energy Action Plan (ME, 2013),
Program for the Energy Efficiency in Heating and Cooling (ME, 2016), Plan for the use of Funds
from the Sale of Emission Allowances in the EU ETS for the Period from 2014 to 2016 (OG 140/14,
12/17), a new Plan for the use of financial resources from the sale of the greenhouse gas emission
allowances by the auctions based on the EU ETS until 2020 (OG 19/18), set of national programs and
plans for the renovation of existing buildings and increase of nearly-zero energy buildings (described
later) and national Operational programs for the use of EU Funds.
Planning periods of some of the existing plans have expired, but very important policy documents are
either available in draft versions or in the process of development. Among them are: Low-Carbon
Development Strategy of the Republic of Croatia until 2030 with a view to 2050., Energy
Development Strategy of the Republic of Croatia, Action Plan for the Implementation of the Low-
Carbon Development Strategy for the First 5-year Period, Program for the Energy Efficiency in Public
Lighting until 2025 and Integrated Energy-Climate Plan for the Period 2021-2030.
The measures described below are taken from the listed documents, but also from the other national
or EU legislation if applicable for the reduction of GHG emissions.
MEN-1: National Plan for the Increase of the Number of Nearly-Zero Energy Buildings
According to the Directive 2010/31/EU on Energy Performance of Buildings (EPBD), member states
have to ensure that after 31st December 2020 all new buildings are build according to nearly zero
energy (nZEB) standard for buildings, and all new buildings in which stay or are owned by the public
bodies should be built according to the nZEB standard after 31st December 2018.
The calculations of the cost-optimal levels of minimum criteria for the energy performances of all
types of buildings were done in 2013 and 2014. In Technical Regulation OG 128/15 the definitions
of nZEB buildings were adopted to ensure to fulfilment of the requirements of the EPBD.
National Plan for the Increase of nZEB buildings was adopted in December 2014. The Program for
the stimulation of the building new buildings and renovation of existing buildings according to the
nZEB standard is in the development. Also, The Long-term Strategy to Stimulate Investment in the
Renovation of the National Building Stock in Croatia (OG 74/14) was adopted in 2014.
MEN-2: Program for energy renovation of the apartment buildings
This measure foresees the continuation for the implementation of The Program of Energy Renovation
of Apartment Buildings for the Period from 2014 to 2020 (OG 78/14), with the focus on the buildings
built before the 1987 and with the goal for their renovation to the B, A or A+ energy class.
The main source of the funding is based on the EU structural and investment funds (EU SIF), precisely
from the European Fund for the Regional Development. The goal is to increase the yearly renovation
share from 1% to 2% of the surface of the apartment buildings. The plan is to reallocate the funds
available from the ESIF to enable the renovation to happen in the planned scope. Important source of
funding of the renovations of apartment buildings in the Republic of Croatia were the revenues from
the sales of the greenhouse gas emission allowances by the auctions.
MEN-3: Program for the increase of energy efficiency and use of renewable energy sources in
commercial non-residential buildings
The measure builds up on The Program of Energy Renovation of Commercial Non-residential
Buildings for the Period from 2014 to 2020 (OG 98/14) with the plan allocate the funds available
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from the EU SIF for the implementation of the measures, with the focus to tourism and trade sectors.
The funds will be allocated in grants and through the advanced financial instruments and in
accordance with the EU regulations 651/2014 and 1407/2013 on state aid in EU.
Important source of funding of the use of renewable energy sources in commercial non-residential
buildings in the Republic of Croatia were the revenues from the sales of the greenhouse gas emission
allowances by the auctions.
MEN-4: : Program for the Energy Renovation of the Family Dwellings
The measure is based on The Program of Energy Renovation of Family Houses for the Period from
2014 to 2020 with the detail plan for the period from 2014 to 2016 (OG 43/14, 36/15), but with the
plan to allocate also the funds from the EU SIF and to advance the financial models to activate the
private capital. The goal is to support the renovation of 4000 houses in Croatia annually. Important
source of funding of the renovations of family dwellings in the Republic of Croatia were the revenues
from the sales of the greenhouse gas emission allowances by the auctions.
MEN-5: Program for the energy renovation of public buildings
The measure is based on the Programme for the Energy Renovation of Public Buildings 2014 - 2015
(Ministry of Construction and Physical Planning, 2014) and the Programme for the Energy
Renovation of Public Buildings 2016 - 2020 (OG, 22/17). The goal of the Programme for the Energy
Renovation of Public Buildings is to raise the level of activity in energy renovation by 3% of the total
building fund of the public sector annually, reduction of energy consumption for cooling / heating of
renovated public buildings up to 70%, annual savings of around 50GWh respectively, and meeting
the saving goals of public building sector, including alternative policy measures set out in the Third
National Efficiency Action Plan for the period 2014 – 2016.
The main source of finances in period 2016-2020 will be on the EU SIF, Operational Programme
Competitiveness and cohesion for the period from 2014 to 2020, under Priority Axis 4 - Promotion
of energy efficiency and renewable energy sources. The funds will be allocated with the goal to
activate the private capital and ESCO market. Important source of funding of the renovations of
public buildings in the Republic of Croatia were the revenues from the sales of the greenhouse gas
emission allowances by the auctions [10].
MEN-6: Energy management in the public sector
Energy management in the public sector include implementation of continuous and systematic
measurement, planning and improvements of the energy use in public sector. It includes the use of
national information system on energy management ISGE [11]. Energy Management Information
System (ISGE), which was supported and established by the UNDP, GEF, the Fund and the Croatian
Government, is used as a national tool for systematic energy and water management in public
buildings. ISGE is under the competence of the Ministry of Construction and Physical Planning and
Agency for Transactions and Mediation in Immovable Properties (APN).
The measure is regulated by the Energy Efficiency Act (OG 127/14), Directive 2012/27/EU on
Energy Efficiency, Ordinance on Energy Management (OG 18/15) and Methodology on Energy
Management (OG 18/15). By the end of 2019 the focus will be on the automation of the data
collection of the consumption of energy and water, reporting and verification of energy savings and
education of associates.
.
MEN-7: Measurement and informative calculation of energy consumption
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Law on Energy Efficiency (OG 127/14) stipulates that energy distributors ensure that, to the extent
that is technically possible, financially reasonable and proportionate in view of the potential energy
savings, final customers of energy and hot water in homes acquire individual meters at competitive
prices that accurately reflect the actual energy consumption of end customers. Energy supplier shall
free of charge on request of the end customer at least once a year provide information on the
calculation of electricity, heat or gas and previous consumption of the end customer.
Legible and understandable energy bills (electricity, heat and natural gas) and individual consumption
metering are obligation of distribution system operators and suppliers. This will increase consumer
awareness of the way in which they consume the energy. The bills should include comparisons of
consumption for the current year and for the corresponding period of the previous year, as well as
information on available energy efficiency measures.
MEN-8: Labelling the energy efficiency of household appliances
Scheme of labelling the energy efficiency of household appliances is legally prescribed in the
Regulations on Energy Labelling of Household Appliances (OG 130/2007, 101/2011, 48/13, 127/14).
It is prescribed that energy efficiency label have to be marked on all household appliances that use
electricity and are placed on the Croatian market, whether they are manufactured in the Republic of
Croatia or imported.
By energy labelling, customers are informed about the energy consumption of devices and selection
is directed towards more efficient appliances. For the implementation of these measures, a lot has
been done to raise public awareness and educate in order to increase the market share of household
appliances with A, A+, A++ energy efficiency class and reduce the market share of household
appliances under class C.
MEN-9: Eco-design of energy-using products
Ordinance on establishing Eco-design requirements for energy related products (OG 80/2013, 127/14,
50/15), transposed the 2009/125/EZ Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21
the October 2009 about establishing a framework for determining the Eco-design requirements for
energy related products to the Croatian legislation.
This Ordinance established a framework for the setting of EU Eco-design of energy-related products
with the aim of ensuring the free movement of these products on the internal market. The Ordinance
provides for the determination of requirements to be met by energy-related products covered by
implementing measures, to be placed on the market and / or in use. It contributes to sustainable
development by increasing the energy efficiency and level of environmental protection, while at the
same time increasing the security of energy supply.
This Ordinance also allows the implementation of provisions related to the Directive 2009/125/EZ
(air conditioners and fans, fan motor-driven, self-circulation pumps without seals, household washing
machines, electric motors, non-directional household lamps, lamps directed to the corresponding
equipment LED - lamps, fluorescent lamps, external power supplies, cooling devices, simple control
boxes, electric and electronic equipment in homes and offices - mode, hold and mute, televisions,
household dryers, washing household dishes and pumps water). The Ordinance came into force on
the date of the Republic of Croatia accession to EU.
MEN-10: Promotion of energy efficiency and implementation of measures through energy services
model
The goal of the promotion of energy efficiency is to raise the awareness of the persons and companies
on possibilities and benefits of improving the energy efficiency. The leading body is the National
Energy Efficiency Authority (NKT), which moderates and promotes the national web portal for
energy efficiency www.enu.hr [12].
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Energy efficiency projects with implementation through energy services include modernization,
reconstruction and renovation of existing plants and facilities with the aim of rational use of energy
in a way to achieve the return on investment through savings in energy costs and maintenance. These
projects include the development, implementation and financing to improve energy efficiency and
reduce operation and maintenance. Areas of business are public and private sectors, i.e. buildings
(schools and kindergartens, offices, hotels, universities, hospitals), public lighting, industry and
power supply systems (cogeneration, district heating).
MEN-11: Program for the reduction of energy poverty
The reduction of the energy poverty in Croatia will be accomplished through three activities:
development of the Program for the Reduction of the Energy Poverty; capacity building of the
institutions for the reduction of the energy poverty; and implementation of measures for the energy
and water savings in the households which meet energy poverty criteria [13] [6].
The financing of the measures will be based on the revenues from the auctions of the emission
allowances from the EU ETS, and the goal is to implement the measures in around 330 households
annually.
MEN-12: Education in the area of energy efficiency
The goal of this measure is to set the education and certification system for the workers in the area of
energy efficiency.
The Ordinance on education and certification system will be developed and education of coaches and
program for the education done in accordance with the CROSKILLS [14] project. The purpose of
the Ordinance is to support the education and improvement of work force for energy efficient building
and renovation of buildings in order to make preformed work better.
The important source of the funding will be through the EU SIF, Operational Program Efficient
Human Resources.
MEN-13: National Program for the Energy Efficiency in Public Lighting
Public lighting consumes around 3% of final electricity consumption in Croatia and there is a
significant potential of increasing energy efficiency, according to the draft of the 4th National Energy
Efficiency Action Plan for the period 2017 - 2019. [13]. By this measure, National Program for the
Energy Efficiency in Public Lighting will be developed. The focus of the program will be on
establishing the advanced implementation models to together with the efficient allocation of the funds
available from the EU SIF based on the Operational Program Competitiveness and Cohesion 2014-
2020. The goal of energy savings of the Program is for every year by the 2020 to achieve a proven
savings in public lighting system in the amount of over 30 GWh and to cover over 50% of the public
lighting system.
MEN-14: Green public procurement
Green public procurement represents a voluntary environmental protection instrument that
encourages environmantal protection and sustainable consumption and produciton. It is defined as a
procedure by which a purchaser purchase the goods, works and services defined by standards that
contain key environmental pressures, and related to resources and energy consumption, impact on
biodiversity and eutrophication, toxicity, emission of pollutants, greenhouse gases and CO2, and
generation of waste at the site of production. The goal of this measure is to incorporate the criteria of
environmental protection in public procurement. Based on the National Action Plan for Green Public
Procurement for the Period 2015-2017 with a view to 2020 (Ministry for environmental protection
and Energy, 2015), the parties obligated for the public procurement should include environmental
protection criteria. The goal is that by 2020 at least 50% of public procurement incorporate the criteria
of environmental protection.
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New Public Procurement Act (OG 120/16) prescribed the obligation for the economic evaluation of
the offers, including evaluation of social and environmental criteria, which will be the strong stimulus
for the green public procurement.
MEN-15: Energy audits in industry
With this measure, support to assess the potential energy savings in industrial plants through co-
financing the implementation of energy audits should be provided. Scheme for Energy audits in
industry includes:
- mandatory energy audits for large companies (companies that meet at least two of the following
criteria: total assets of at least HRK 130,000,000.00, annual income of at least HRK
260,000,000.00, an average of at least 250 employees during the financial year). The obligation
is regulated by the Law on Energy Efficiency (OG 127/14),
- voluntary scheme of energy audits for small and medium companies. Energy audits on a
voluntary basis are supported by the financial assistance provided by the Environmental
Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund.
MEN-16: Industrial Energy Efficiency Network (MIEE)
Industrial Energy Efficiency Network (MIEE) is a national energy program for stimulation of energy
efficiency in the economy - small, medium and large enterprises. This is the voluntary cooperation
instrument of energy consumers, experts, state institutions, interested parties in a functional structure
that would aim to improve rational use of energy, ie. to promote the energy efficiency in industry
sector, support the synergies of the processes where possible and facilitate the access to funds
available through various options.
MEN-17: Increase of the use of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency in industry sector
The plan of this measure is to reallocate the funds available from the EU SIF, based on the Operational
Program Competitiveness and Cohesion as well as funds available from the auctions of the emission
allowances in EU ETS and direct them for the use of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency
in industry sector.
The allocation of the funds has to be in line with the Regulations of the EU 651/2014 and 1407/2013
on the state aid.
A signed Agreement on allocation of non-refundable funds within the „Increasing of energy
efficiency and using renewable energy sources in manufacturing industries“, June 18, 2018, signed
and assigned to users (77) (Ministry for environmental protection and Enegry, Environmantal
Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund). Initially it was planned to allocate HRK 114 million, but
this amount was increased due to large number of quality project proposals, thus the total value of
non-refundable funds allocated was HRK 269.327.760,66. Funds are provided within the Operational
Programe Competitiveness and Cohesion for the period from 2014 to 2020. After the implementation
of activities envisaged by this call, CO2 emissions will be lower by 17.125 tonnes per year.
Additionally, in the industrial sector without the food industry, total energy demand from non
renewable sources will be reduced by 83.7 million kWh, which is 0,97% of the total energy consumed
by this sector per year in the Republic of Croatia.
MEN-18: Feed-in tariffs and premium system for the support of the use of renewable energy sources
in electricity generation and for the efficient cogeneration
The main mechanism creditable for the past development of renewable energy sources are incentive
prices (feed-in tariffs). “Feed-in tariff” (FiT) is an incentive system, usually used for power plants on
renewable sources, small cogenerations, etc. The state regulates that the operator of distributive or
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portable network conclude contracts with the power plant operator, by which will pay, over a certain
number of years, a pre-fixed price for each unit of electrical energy. The tariffs depend on the type of
source, power plant size and amount of generated electricity.
In addition to the system of incentives for electricity, generation from cogeneration plants provides
adoption of appropriate regulations to promote the heat generation from cogeneration (defining the
status of eligible heat producer).
In the National Action Plan for Renewable Energy Sources (Ministry of Economy, 2013), the
Republic of Croatia determined the objectives and policy for increasing the share of RES in final
energy consumption by 2020 to 20%, 35% in electricity generation, 10% in transport and 20% in
heating and cooling.
Act on Renewable Energy Sources and Efficient Cogeneration (OG 100/15) was adopted in 2015 and
modified the existing system from the feed-in tariffs to premium. The bylaws still have to be adopted
and no tender has been done in line with the new model.
MEN-19: Program for the Energy Efficiency in Heating and Cooling
The Program (Ministry of Economy, 2014) analysed the potential for the development of the district
heating systems, mapped the energy consumption and production of heat, explored the potential for
additional highly efficient cogeneration and evaluated the possible support mechanisms for the
efficient cogeneration. The Program set out the guidelines for development of the heating and cooling
sector and primary energy savings.
MEN-20: Promotion of the use of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency by HBOR-a
(Croatian Bank for Reconstruction and Development)
For the purpose of financing the environmental protection projects, HBOR extends loans through the
Loan programme for the Preparation of Renewable Energy Resources and Loan Programme for the
Financing of Projects of Environmental protection, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Sources.
The goal of the loan program of environmental projects, energy efficiency and renewable energy
sources is the realization of investment projects focused on environmental protection, improving
energy efficiency and promoting renewable energy. Loans are intended for investment in land,
buildings, equipment and devices. Final user may be local and territorial (regional) governments,
utility companies, companies, dealers and other legal entities.
MEN-21: Promotion of the use of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency by FZOEU (The
Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund) resources
The Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund provides funding for the preparation,
implementation and development of programs and projects in the field of environmental protection,
energy efficiency and use of renewable energy sources and climate change mitigation.
Funds for financing are provided from the revenues raised by environmental polluters, which include
charges for nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide and carbon dioxide emissions, charges for burdening the
environment with waste, environmental user charges and special charges for the environment for
motor vehicles.
Resources of the Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund are allocated to projects,
which improve energy efficiency, including cogeneration, district heating systems, energy audits and
demonstration activities, public lighting projects, fuel replacement and waste heat use and projects in
the field of building construction and sustainable construction.
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Renewable energy projects for which the Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund
grants resources include solar energy, wind energy, biomass, energy from small hydro and geothermal
energy.
The Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund provides grants to local and regional
governments, companies, craftsmen, non-profit organizations and individuals, through loans, interest
rate subsidies, financial aids and donations. For some tenders of the Fund, operators in the EU ETS
are eligible, thus this measure has effects in the EU ETS and non-EU ETS sector.
MEN-22: CO2 emission tax for the non-ETS stationary sources
The Regulation on Unit Charges, Corrective Coefficients and Detailed Criteria and Benchmarks for
Determination of the Charge for Emissions into Environment of Carbon Dioxide (OG 73/07, 48/09,
2/18) stipulates the obligation to pay charges on CO2 emission for all stationary sources emitting more
than 30 tonnes of CO2 per year. Fee payers who invest in energy efficiency, renewable energy and
other measures to reduce emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gas emissions are charged by lower
fee. The Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund is authorized for accounting and
collecting charges.
The Law on Amendments to the Law on Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund (OG
142/12) stipulates that from 1 January 2013, legal or natural persons who own or use a single source
of CO2 emissions, for which permits for greenhouse gas emissions have been obtained, do not have
to pay fee. This means that from 2013 onwards measures apply only to sources that are not covered
by the ETS. The fee is paid to FZOEU (Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund). The
amount of charge per unit is determined by the Government of the Republic of Croatia, each year for
the previous calendar year by March 31 of the current year.
The amount of compensation paid by the operators of installations excluded from the EU ETS in
accordance with the Article 27 of Directive 2003/87/EC on establishing a scheme for GHG emission
allowance trading within the Community is defined by the Decision on the amount of the unit charge
on greenhouse gas emissions for operators of installations excluded from emissions trading system.
The unit fee for 2013 was HRK 32.78 for emitting one tonne of CO2 in 2013 (OG 105/14), HRK
45.40 in 2014 (OG 96/15), HRK 58.29 in 2015, HRK 39.53 in 2016, HRK 58,29 in 2017 and 116,19
HRK in 2018.
The price for a present year is determined based on the average EUA price in the EU ETS in the
previous year.
MEN-23: Revitalization and energy efficiency in existing thermal and hydro power plants
The activities of this measure are related to the Croatian utility company HEP. As listed in the 4th
National Energy Efficiency Action Plan [13], in the coming years the plans for revitalization and
implementation of energy efficiency measures in existing thermal and hydro power plants include:
reconstruction of water management system, new steam boiler, optimization and automation of hydro
stations, revitalization of hydro power plants, reduction of own use of heat, new measurement systems
etc.
MEN-24: Reconstruction and renovation of the heating and steam network
Due to the ageing and damages of the heating and steam network, high losses of energy are occurring.
In accordance with the Law of heat energy market (OG 80/13, 14/14, 102/14, 95/15), unit of local
self-government and energy subjects for the distribution of the heat energy are obligated, inter alia,
to ensure the quality performance of energy activity of the heat energy distribution on the prinicples
of sustainable development, to ensure the maintenance of the distribution network and to take care of
energy efficiency and the protection of environment and nature.
In the period from 2014 to 2020, the co-financing of a significant part of the required investments is
ensured within the Operational Programme Competitiveness and Cohesion for the period 2014 – 2020.
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MEN-25: Operation of power system and development of the transmission and distribution network
Croatian Transmission System Operator (HOPS) is responsible for the reduction of losses in
transmission network, development of the transmission network and management of the power
system. As listed in the 4th National Energy Efficiency Action Plan, HOPS will focus on optimization
of network topology and reduction of losses and development of the network capacity.
HEP-Distribution System Operator (HEP-ODS) is responsible for the reduction of losses in
distribution network and implementation of smart meters for the final consumers in Croatia.
The funds for the pilot project for the introduction of “smart grids” are available under the Operational
Programme Competitiveness and Cohesion for the period 2014-2020.
MEN-26: Reduction of volatile organic compounds emissions occurring during the loading of motor
vehicles with gasoline at service stations
The Regulative on technical standards for environmental protection to reduce volatile organic
compounds emissions occurring during the loading of motor vehicles with gasoline at service stations
(OG 44/16) prescribes technical standards for the environmental protection, ensuring reduction of air
pollution from volatile organic compounds that occurs during the loading of motor vehicles with
gasoline at service stations. Iti s prescribed by the Regulation that each service station (new and
existing) must be equipped with the vapour recovery unit for gasoline (VRU) along with prescribed
parameters and conditions. All existing service stations with a flow exceeding 3.000 m3 per year must
be equipped with the vapour recovery unit no later than December 31, 2018.
MIP-3: Reduction of volatile organic compounds emissions occurring during the storage and
distribution of gasoline
The regulation on technical standards of evnironmental protection from volatile organic comopunds
emissions that occurs during the storage and distribution of gasoline (OG 135/06), prescribes
technical standards of environmental protection for gasoline storage and refuelling devices at
terminals and service stations, and mobile containers used for gasoline transport from one terminal
to another, or from terminal to station and deadlines for their achievement.
MIP-5: Quality control of liquid petroleum fuels
Quality of liquid petroleum fuels is regulated by the Regulation on quality of liquid petroleum fuels,
the method of monitoring and reporting, methodology of calculating the greehouse gas emissions in
the life span of delivered fuels and energy (OG 57/17) and with annual quality monitoring
programmes for liquid petroleum fuels that are placed on the market of the Republic of Croatia or
used for private purposes.
This Regulative prescribes limit values of components and/or quality features of liquid petroleum
fuels, the mode of determination and monitoring of liquid petroleum fuels, conditions for the work of
the laboratory for sampling and laboratory analysis of the quality of liquid petroleum fuels, mode of
demonstrating the product conformity, name and labeling of products, mode and deadlines for
delivering reports on the quality of liquid petroleum fuels and reports on GHG emissions in their life
span and energy to CAEN, method of monitoring and reporting, methodology for calculating GHG
emissions in the fuel life span and energy, methodology for determining the level of GHG emissions
in the fuel life span per unit of energy for the base year 2010, methodology for calculating the
contribution of electric road vehicles to reduction of GHG emissions, reporting format and the length
of storage and mode of delivering data to relevant EU bodies.
The annual quality monitoring progress for liquid petroleum fuels prescribe the method of sampling
of liquid petroleum fuels, especially for service stations, storages and transport tanks, number and
frequency of sampling of liquid petroleum fuels, locations of sampling, depending on the quality of
liquid petroleum fuels that the supplier had placed on the market of the Republic of Croatia or used
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for private purposes, as well as the method of conducting laboratory analysis of liquid petroleum fuel
samples and reporting on the implementation of the analysis.
This measure is directly affecting the content of sulfur, lead, olefines, aromatics, benzenes, polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons, oxygenates and fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) in the following fuels:
gasoline, diesel fuel, gas oil, fuel oil, marine fuel and petroleum, which also affects the reduction of
SO2 and NMVOC.
MEN-29: Limiting emissions of pollutants for non-road mobile machinery
Limiting emissions of pollutants for non-road mobile machinery is regulated by the Regulation on
measures for preventing emissions of gas pollutants and particulate pollutants from internal
combustion engines which are incorporated into non-road mobile machinery TPV 401 (Edition 02)
(OG 113/15).
The Ordinance is applied for the homologation of a type of internal combustion engine which is
installed into non-road mobile machinery considering the pollutant emission, and prescribing limit
values and emission measurement methods, methods of marking, homologation procedures and
issuing of certificates on homologation for internal combustion engines installed in non-road mobile
machinery, and conditions for conformity of production of such engines. New engines and non-road
mobile machinery in which they are installed, can be put on the market and into use only if they have
a valid homologation certificate. This Regulation also prescribes the obligation to determine the
conformity of internal combustion engines that are installed into non-road mobile machinery. And
the conditions that must be met by legal persons for performing certain tasks in the conformity
assessment procedure.
Regulated pollutants are: carbon monoxide, total hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and pollutants in the
form of particles.
Transport
MTR-1: Providing information to consumers on fuel economy and CO2 emission of new passenger
cars
Pursuant to the Regulation on Availability of Information on Fuel Economy and CO2 Emissions from
Passenger Cars (OG 7/15) each supplier of new passenger cars intended for sale shall provide
consumers with information on the fuel consumption rate and specific CO2 emission of passenger
cars. The Ministry of Interior which is responsible for the road traffic safety, on the basis of the
Regulation once a year, not later than 31 March of the current year, makes a Guidelines on cost-
effectiveness of fuel consumption and CO2 emission from new passenger cars available for purchase
on the market in the Republic of Croatia. The Guidelines contains required information for each
model of new passenger cars available in the domestic market.
MTR-2: Training for drivers of road vehicles for eco-driving
The pilot projects were conducted and systematic training for drivers of road vehicles for eco-driving
is implemented. This saves energy and increases the level of awareness of all citizens and drivers in
the Republic of Croatia on advantages of this modern, intelligent and environmentally friendly
driving style. Special elements are dedicated to education on eco driving for drivers of passenger cars,
buses and trucks [13].
Training on the eco-driving elements is conducted by short trainings (about 60 – 120 minutes per
candidate) among the drivers who received their drivers licences before the Regulation on Driver
Training (OG 13/09) entered int force, by which for all driving schools and instructors was set the
obligation to conduct training on the elements of eco-driving during the standard training of driver
canditates. It should be noted that the proposed measure does not apply to new drivers, who received
eco-training in accordance with the legal obligations set out in this Regulation.
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In 2015, approximately 1.000 drivers passed eco-driving training. This measure in 2015 achieved
savings of 17.513 TJ. The largest number of trained drivers are truck and bus drivers (645 trained
drivers), who are also the largest consumers, and their training has achiveded a saving of 14.6 TJ . It
is estimated that in Croatia there are about 1,500,000 drivers who obtained their license before the
Regulation on Driver Training (OG 13/09) entered into force, ie drivers who have no training on eco-
driving
MTR-3: Regulation for the use of biofuels in transport
The basic regulation that regulates and promotes the usage of biofuel is Law on Biofuels for Transport
(OG 65/09, 145/10, 26/11, 144/12, 14/14).
Based on this law, in 2010, the National Action Plan that promotes the production and use of biofuels
in transport for the period 2011 - 2020 was prepared. The Plan establishes a policy to promote
increased production and use of biofuels in transport in Croatia. The Plan contains a review and
assessment of the situation on the fuel market for transport and air protection, comparative analysis,
long-term goals, including the target-market of biofuels and measures to promote increased
production and use of biofuels in transport.
Measures prescribed by action plan included measures that promote the production of raw materials
for the production of biofuels, measures that promote the production of biofuels with reference to the
fee for promotion of production, measures that promote consumption of biofuels with reference to
liquid petroleum distributors to place the biofuels on market, administrative measures and research
and development activities. The National Action Plan for Renewable Energy Sources (Ministry of
Economy, 2013) determined the goals and policies related to increasing the share of RES in final
energy consumption by 2020 and in particular the estimated contribution of energy of biofuels in
transport.
In 2014 the national system was modified to support only the use of biofuels in transport, not the
production. Croatia has to modify the system again in 2017 to include the provisions of Directive
2015/1513 (ILUC Directive) for the biofuels in transport, but this will be done in 2018.
The limit values of the quality characteristics of biofuels placed on the domestic market, the method
of determining the quality of biofuels and the way of demonstrating conformity are prescribed by the
Regulation on Biofuels Quality (OG 141/05, 33/11). The aim of the Regulation is to place biofuels
and other renewable fuels of prescribed quality on the domestic market, as a replacement for diesel
fuels and gasoline for transport purposes, in meeting the goals of climate change commitments,
energy supply security that favours the environment and the promotion of renewable energy sources.
MTR-4: Special fee for environment on the motor vehicles
The current system of paying a special fee for the environment in motor vehicles is regulated by Law
on Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund (OG 107/03, 144/12), Regulation on unit
charges, corrective coefficients and detailed criteria and standards to determine the special
environmental fee for motor vehicles (OG 114/14, 147/14) and by the Ordinance on the method and
calculation and payment deadlines of a special environmental charge on motor vehicles (OG 20/04).
Special environmental charge on motor vehicles implies the fee paid by legal or physical persons,
owners or vehicle right holders. Special charge is calculated and paid when registering the vehicle, ie
when verifying the technical correctness of the vehicle, based on the decision of Environmental
Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund. Special fee is charged taking into consideration the type of
engine and fuel, engine operating volume, type of vehicle, CO2 emissions and vehicle’s age.
MTR-5 Special tax on motor vehicles
This tax is prescribed by the Law on Special Tax on Motor Vehicles (OG 15/13, 108/13, 115/16,
127/17). The tax is related to the vehicles intended for use on the roads in Croatia in the moment of
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their first registration in Croatia. The tax depends on the price of the vehicles, fuel type and CO2
emissions. The hybrid and electric vehicles are not subject to this tax.
MTR-6: Financial incentives for the purchase of plug-in hybrid and electric vehicles
Electric and hybrid vehicles are due to the cost of technological development currently still more
expensive than conventional vehicles using internal combustion engines. Electric vehicles are
significantly more efficient than conventional from the standpoint of primary energy consumption
and are almost neutral from the standpoint of carbon dioxide emissions provided that are powered by
electricity generated by using renewable sources.
In order to increase the share of electric and hybrid vehicles, subsidies for the purchase of electric
and hybrid vehicles through a grant have been introduced. These payments are made from the income
of the Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund achieved, inter alia, by collecting special
environmental charge for motor vehicles and by the funds collected from the sales of emission
allowances on the auctions [13] [6].
MTR-7: Development of infrastructure for alternative fuels
Based on the Directive 2014/94/EU on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure, Croatia has
adopted The National Policy Framework on Development of the Infrastructure and Market for
Alternative Fuels in Transport (OG 34/17) and the Act on Development of the Infrastructure for
Alternative Fuels (OG 120/16) with the goal to promote and ensure development of the infrastructure
for alternative fuels in order to minimize oil dependence and mitigate the negative impact of transport
on the environment.
The measure includes development of the infrastructure for the use of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in
maritime transport. The measures will be financed based on various models: from utility companies,
by the funds available from the auctions of allowances in EU ETS, from the EU SIF, based on the
Operational Programme Competitiveness and cohesion for the period from 2014 to 2020, under
Priority Axis 7 – Connectivity, with the coordination with the local governance etc.
MTR-8: Promotion of integrated and intelligent transport systems and alternatives fuels in urban areas
Traffic and need for mobility is one of the biggest pressures on the environment in urban areas.
Increase in the number of passenger cars, the way they are used, intensity of traffic and unstructured
expansion of urban areas largely reversed technological progress in relation to the energy efficiency
of vehicles and emission intensity, including noise.
This measure include promotion of optimization of transport of goods, integrated transport of citizens,
intelligent transport management, promotion of car-sharing schemes, promotion of public bicycles
and measures to support the development of infrastructure for alternative fuels in urban areas.
With this measure, a gradual development of sustainable transport systems in urban areas of Croatia
is provided where Plans for sustainable transport development should be drawn up as basic documents.
These plans would include the analysis of the current situation, defining the vision and objectives,
impact analysis and the adoption of measures for all types of transportation, distribution of
responsibilities, method of implementation and monitoring mechanism. These plans would be
brought on the level of major cities, they should be prepared in accordance with the European
Commission guidelines and funded through EU programs and funds.
In addition, incentives are expected and under the Operational Programme Competitiveness and
cohesion for the period from 2014 to 2020 where under Priority Axis 7 - Connectivity and mobility,
the development of public transport system with low levels of CO2 is planned.
MTR-9: Monitoring, reporting and verification of greenhouse gas emissions in the lifetime of liquid
fuels
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In accordance with the Air Protection Act (OG 130/11, 47/14, 61/17, 118/18), supplier that places the
fuel on domestic market shall monitor greenhouse gas emissions per energy unit in the life span of
the fuel. Suppliers have to draw up a report that has to be verified and submitted to the Croatian
Agency for the Environment and Nature.
Pursuant to the Act, the Croatian Government's Regulation on the quality of liquid petroleum fuels
and the method of monitoring and reporting and methodology of calculation of greenhouse gas
emissions in the lifetime of delivered fuels and energy (OG 57/17) lays down the limit values of
components and/or quality characteristics of liquid petroleum fuels, method of determining and
monitoring the quality of liquid petroleum fuels, conditions for the operation of sampling laboratories
and laboratory analysis of the quality of liquid petroleum fuels, the way of demonstrating conformity
of the product, the name and marking of the product, way and deadlines for the submission of reports
on the quality of liquid petroleum fuels and emissions reports of greenhouse gases in the lifetime of
fuels and energy to the Croatian Agency for Environment and Nature, method of monitoring and
reporting, methodology for calculation of greenhouse gas emissions in lifetime of fuels and energy,
methodology for determining the level of greenhouse gas emissions in lifetime of fuels per energy
unit for the base 2010, methodology for calculating the contribution of electric road vehicles to
reducing greenhouse gas emissions, the format of the report and the length of the storage and the
manner of transmission of data to the competent bodies European Union.
MTR-10: Prevention and control of the ship emissions to air
The Regulation on the publication of the 1997 Protocol amending the 1973 International Convention
for Prevention of Pollution from Ships, as amended by the 1978 Protocol (MARPOL 73/78)
(International Treaties, OG 4/05). Requirements are prescribed for application of the special
mandatory measures for releasing SOX from the ships in order to prevent, reduce and control air
pollution from SOX, as well as its adverse impacts on the land and sea. Except SOX, nitrogen oxides
(NOX), ozone depleting substances and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are also controlled. In
addition to pollutants, this Protocol also regulates incineration on the ship, which is permitted only in
a ship's waste incineratior, the quality of the fuel that can be used and those sea areas where a fuel of
certain quality can be used. Except for the ships, the prescribed 19 regulations are applied also to
immovable an floating platforms, as well as drilling platforms, they have to comply to the
requirements of this Protocol with the exception of the landings that occur directly becouse of
exploration, exploitation and that are related to processing of mineral resources from the sea bottom
or the use of hydrocarbons produced and later used on the platform as a fuel.
Rules for the statutory maritime ships certification, Prevention of Pollution (OG 32/18) prescribe
technical requirements for Croatia State-owned ships in relation to the prevention of air and sea
pollution from ships and it contains the regulations consistant with the 1973 International Convention
for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, as amended by 1978 Protocol (MARPOL 73/78), with
regards to Annex VI Prevention of Air Pollution.
MTR-11: Limiting emission of pollutants from road vehicles
Limiting emission of pollutants from non-road mobile machinery is regulated by: Ordinance on the
procedure of the homologation of motor vehicles considering the measures to reduce emissions of
pollutants from TVP 102 engine (Edition 02) (OG 49/13, 57/13) and by the Ordinance on the
homologation procedure of the motor vehicles considernig the measures for reducing pollutant
emissions from TPV 102 engine (Edition 00) (OG 17/08).
The Ordinance (Edition 00) regulates the procedure for the homologation of motor vehicles of M and
N1 categories, with regard to the measures for reducing the emissions of gaseous and particulate
pollutants from their engines and replacement catalytic converters intended for such vehicles.
The Ordinance (Edition 02) applies to emissions from light passenger and commercial vehicles (Euro
5 and Euro 6).
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Regulated pollutants are: carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOx),
hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides (HC + NOx) and particles.
Industrial processes and product use
The Industrial Strategy of the Republic of Croatia 2014 – 2020 defines objectives of industrial
development and key indicators of the Croatian industry in the period 2014 – 2020. According to the
“realistic scenario”, by the year 2020 achieving the level of physical volume of industrial production
on the level of 2008 is expected, when it reached the highest level of economic activity in Croatia.
Measures belonging to the ETS sector are included in the section Other (cross-cutting) policies and
measures under the measure MCC-4 Emission Trading System (the measures are below):
- reduction of clinker factor in cement production – increase in share of mineral additives in the
cement up to 35%, depending on the composition of raw materials, availability of suitable
additives on the market and market demands for certain types of cement (clinker content in
cement is defined by standard HRN EN 197-1);
- increase of recycled glass in the glass production - returning container glass that lost applied
value into the production process (depends on the efficiency of waste glass collection system in
the Republic of Croatia and the possibility of import of waste glass);
- reduction of N2O emission in nitric acid production (catalytic decomposition) – N2O emission
reduction up to 88% can be achieved by installing the catalyst; measure is cost-effective because
of relatively low marginal costs and high N2O emission reduction potential. For NOX removal in
the nitric acid plant, the unit for low-temeperature catalytic reduction is installed – selective
catalytic reduction that is in use.
In addition to production of cement, nitric acid and ammonia, the key source in the sector Industrial
processes and product use is production of petrochemical and carbon black, non-energy products
from fuels and solvent use and consumption of hydrofluorocarbons in refrigerating and air-
conditioning equipment. Therefore the following measures are considered:
MIP-1: Reducing emissions of volatile organic compounds in solvent use sector
Regulation on limit values for contents of volatile organic compounds in certain paints and varnishes
used in construction and vehicles finishing products (OG 69/13) prescribes limit values for contents
of these volatile organic compounds in certain paints and varnishes which are used in construction
and vehicle finishing products which can be placed on the market, way of determining and monitoring
product quality, the method of proving the compliance, naming and labeling the products, method
and deadline of delivery of the product quality report to Croatina Agency for Environment and Nature
(CAEN) and the method of delivery of data to relevant Eu bodies. Users of solvent-based products
can create and apply an annual solvent management plan, and thus reduce the emissions of volatile
organic compounds, and also the emissions of carbon dioxide.
Agriculture
The positive impact of the implementation of measures on overall pollutant (NH3, NMVOC, NOX,
PM2,5 i PM10) and GHG emissions in the agriculture sector is reflected in the direct reduction of
mentioned pollutants, methane and nitrogen compounds emissions. Measures included in the
formation of scenarios of gradual transition of agriculture in relation to the referent scenario:
MAG-0 Implementation of the Rural Development Programme 2014-2020
One of the most important areas of action of the EU institutions, both within the scope of the joint
legal acquis, and in terms of share in the EU budget, represents the Common Agricultural Policy
(CAP). Rural development, as the second CAP tier, is financed through the Agricultural Fund for
Rural Development (EAFRD). The precondition for the use of EAFRD funds in the next program
period is to develope the Rural Development Programme for the Republic of Croatia 2014-2020. The
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set goals of the “European Strategy for Smart, Sustainable and Inclusive Growth – EUROPE 2020”,
economical, evnironmental and territorial challenges of the EU are evident within three CAP goals:
agriculture competitiveness, sustainable resource management and balanced development of rural
areas. Rural Development Programme should achieve the goals set by CAP through measures given
in six priorities:
- promotion of knowledge and innovation transfers in agriculture, forestry and rural areas
- improvement of sustainability and competitiveness of agriculture in all regions and promoting
innovative agricultural technologies and sustainable forest management
- promotion of food provision chain, including processing and market placement of agricultural
products, animal welfare and risk management
- revitalization, protection and improvement of agriculture and forestry related ecosystems
- promotion of resource efficiency and encouraging the shift to low-carbon farming, resilient to
climate changes in the agriculture, food and forestry sectors
- promotion of social involvement, combating poverty through economic development of rural
areas.
Waste management
For the purpose of effective implementation of the measures included in the waste management sector,
along with the already adopted sectoral legislation that is harmonized with EU legislation, it is
necessary to adopt a more significant number of by-lows, especially regarded to obligations under
the new EU rules with legally binding goals for waste recycling and reduction of waste disposal.
According to these rules, a fixed deadlines are set for Member states that have to adjust their national
legislation for moving to the ciruclar economy in the next two years. It will primarily impact on the
projections after 2020 to measures MWM-1, MWM-2 and MWM-3, described below. In accordance
with the law, quantitative goals and deadlines are defined for reducing the total quantity of waste
disposed on unmanaged landfills. By the end of 2017the maximum permissible mass of waste that
could be disposed on unmanaged landfills was 800,000 tons. Waste disposal on unmanaged landfills
in Croatia was forbidden after December 31, 2017.
MWM-1: Preventing the generation and reducing the amount of municipal waste
It is the first in the order of priority in the municipal waste management, pursuant to the Sustainable
Waste Management Act (OG 94/13). This measure is achieved by cleaner production, education,
economic instruments and enforcement of regulations, and by investing in modern technologies. By
the Waste Management Plan of the Republic of Croatia for the period 2017 – 2022 (OG 3/17) the
goals to be achieved by 2022, compared to 2015, are defined. Objective related to improvement of
the municipal waste management system includes the goal related to reducing the total amount of
municipal waste produced by 5%.
MWM-2 Increasing the amount of separately collected and recycled municipal waste
Beside the Sustainable Waste Management Act, the Waste Management Plan of the Republic of
Croatia for the period 2017 – 2022 also defines the quantitative targets and deadlines for increasing
the amount of separately collected and recycled waste. By 2020, it is necessary to secure the
preparation for reuse and recycling of the following waste materials: paper, metal, plastic and glass
from households and possibly from other sources if these waste streams are similar to the waste from
households, with the minimum share of 50% by waste weight.
MWM-3: Methane and NMVOC flaring
The Ordinance on the Methods and Conditions for the Landfill of Waste, Categories and Operational
Requirements for Landfills (OG 114/15) and Ordinance on the Waste Management (OG 117/17)
regulate technical requirements for landfill operation, which reduces possible adverse effects of
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landfills on the environment. On landfills where landfill gas occurs it is necessary to secure a gas
collection system, and that gas must be treated and used. If collected landfill gases cannot be used for
energy production, they should be burned in the area of the landfill and the emission of methane and
NMVOC into the atmosphere should be prevented.
MWM-4: Reducing the amount of disposed biodegradable municipal waste
The aim of this measure is to reduce the amount of biodegradable fraction of waste disposed at
landfills, which needs to be procesed by the process of composting and anaerobic decomposition of
waste in biogas plants.
Pursuant to the Sustainable Waste Management Act, quantitative targets related to the reduction of
biodegradable municipal waste disposed to landfills are established. By the end of 2020, the share of
biodegradable municipal waste disposed of in landfills must be reduced to 35% weight of
biodegradable municipal waste produced in 1997.
MWM-5: Use of biogas for electricity and heat generation
The measure is associated with measure MEN-18: Feed-in tariffs and premium system for the support
of the use of renewable energy sources in electricity generation and for the efficient cogeneration in
the Energy sector. The main mechanism for encouraging the application of biogas for electricity
generation and the construction of biogas cogeneration plants are incentive prices (feed-in tariffs) that
depend on the type of source, power plant size and amount of generated electricity. Looking at the
waste management sector, the potential reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of these measures is
the potential to reduce methane emissions (resulting from the anaerobic decomposition of the
biodegradable fraction of waste), which is used for electricity and heat generation.
Other (cross-cutting) policies and measures
MCC-1: Committee for cross-sectoral coordination of policies and measures for mitigation and
adaptation to climate change
In accordance with the Air Protection Act (OG 130/11, 47/14, 61/17, 118/18), by the Decision of the
Government of the Republic of Croatia 2014, the Commission for inter-sectoral coordination of
policies and measures for mitigation and adaptation to climate change (OG 114/14) was established.
The Committee was responsible for monitoring and evaluation of the implementation and planning
of PaM for mitigation and adaptation to climate changes in the Republic of Croatia. Representatives
of competent state administration bodies and other relevant institutions, agencies and non-
governmental organizations were appointed to the Committee. The Committee members, activities
and functioning of the Commission are determined by the Croatian Government on the proposal of
the ministry responsible for environmental protection. The Committee is consisted of the
Coordination group and the Technical working group.
MCC-2: System for the Measurement and Verification of Energy Savings
System for the Measurement and Verification of Energy Savings (SMIV) was established by the
Ordinance on the System for the Measurement and Verification of Energy Savings (OG 71/15). Since
the June of 2014, through the application of the SMIV system it is possible to monitor energy savings
(resulting from the incentive policy measures defined in the National Action Plan for Energy
Efficiency) and the reductions in emissions of GHG and pollutants are achieved.
Through the SMIV application it is possible to monitor the implementation of energy efficiency
measures in four sectors of direct consumption: Service sector (Public and Commercial), Industry,
Transport and Household. Web application uses „Bottom-up“ methodology which is part of the
Ordinance on the system for monitoring, measuring and verifying energy savings. It is important to
note that in cases when there are measurement results before and after the implementation of the
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measure, it is possible to enter this exact data through the graphical interface of the program.
Otherwise, when measurements before or after the implementation of measure are not available, the
reference values prescribed by Ordinance are used. SMIV is moderated by the National Energy
Efficiency Authority (NKT) and it is the important component of the future energy efficiency
obligation schemes in Croatia.
MCC-3: Promotion of the use of innovative information and communication technologies (ICT) to
reduce greenhouse gas emissions
Innovative information and communication technologies have an increasingly important role in
reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing energy efficiency. Intensifying their use in public
administration, services and manufacturing processes, will boost productivity and work efficiency
and at the same time will reduce energy consumption and consequent greenhouse gas emissions. The
measure is expected to intensify the use of innovative ICT and monitoring of actual energy savings
and reductions of greenhouse gas emissions.
MCC-4: European Emission Trading System
European Emission Trading System (EU ETS) includes all the activities listed in Annex I of the
Regulation on the method of trading with GHG emission units (OG 69/12, 154/14), and for the
reduction of GHG emissions, the plant operators involved in the trading system are responsible.
Through the equal allocation of emission allowances, reduction commitments are assigned to all
Member states with the aim of contributing to 21% emission reduction by 2020, compared to 2005
level. With this it can be concluded that the emission reduction from activities within the EU ETS is
regulated at EU level.
Since the January 1, 2013, the plant operators in the Republic of Croatia included in the EU ETS,
have obtained permits for GHG emissions and set up a system for monitoring emissions and reporting
to competent body. Greenhouse gases covered by EU ETS system are: carbon dioxide (CO2) for all
activities and additionally, for certain activities, nitrous oxide (N2O) and perfluorocarbons (PFC).
Monitoring and reporting on emissions is also an obligation of the aircraft operator, for the carbon
dioxide emissions.
For aircraft operators in the Republic of Croatia, monitoring of emissions and reporting on the
emissions form airplane formally started on July 1, 2013. However, due to certain specificities related
to the administration of air flights prior to Croatia's accession to the EU, aircraft operators were
required to submit annual emissions reports from airplanes, starting from 2010.
All operators except the electrical energy producers, for sale to the third parties, submitted their
requests for the allocation of free allowances. Free allowances are distributed free of charge to plants
exposed to the risk of carbon leakage to third countries, based on standards determined in accordance
with the reference value for 10% of the most efficient plants in the same sector. Operators, who will
not have enough allowances to cover their greenhouse gases, have the option of buying emission
allowances through auctions
MCC-5: Use of funds obtained from the sales of EU ETS emission allowances through auctions for
the GHG emission reduction measures
Of the total number of allowances designated for the allocation to operators and aircraft operators, in
each year of the trading period, a part is distributed free of charge according to the above prescribed
method. The remaining part is distributed to the Member States of the European Union and is subject
to public auctions.
The Air Protection Act (OG 130/11, 47/14, 61/17, 118/18) stipulates that Republic of Croatia for
climate related purposes uses 95% of the received funds which are paid into a special account in the
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Environmental Protection and Energy Fund, and 5% of the funds are paid into the state budget of the
Republic of Croatia. The funds that are paid into the special account should be used for:
- reduction of the GHG emissions,
- adaptation to climate changes,
- financing the measures for climate change mitigation and adaptation in third countries,
- financing of renewable energy sources in order to meet the share of renewable energy sources of
the Republic of Croatia in 2020,
- improvement of forest resources and reporting from the forestry sector,
- Encouraging the transition to low-emission traffic and public forms of traffic,
- financiranje istraživanja i razvoja namijenjenih ublažavanju klimatskih promjena i prilagodbe
klimatskim promjenama, uključujući područje aeronautike i zračnog prijevoza,
- ecologically safe capture and geological storage of carbon dioxide, especially from fossil fuel
power plants and certain industrial sectors and subsectors, including those in third countries,
- financing research and development in the field of energy efficiency and clean technologies,
- financing research and development in the area of reporting on GHG emissions,
- encouraging of energy efficiency measures in the sectors of construction (especially energy
recovery of buildings), industry, transport and services, and
- providing financial support for measures that contribute to the suppression of energy poverty.
Funds that are paid in the state budget should be used for covering the costs of Emission trading
system management, for administrative affairs, for the functioning of the Union Registry, for auction
managers, for the National monitoring system of GHG emissions and for other issues related to
climate changes.
Plan for the use of funds obtained from the sales of emission allowances through auctions in the
Republic of Croatia for the period from 2014 to 2016 was adopted by the Croatian Government (OG
140/14, 12/17). The total realized revenues for the period from 2014 to 2016 amount to HRK
733,984,921.23 and were used for renewable energy sources, energy efficiency, transport, waste
management and research, development and professional support.
Plan for the use of financial resources from auctions for the period up ti 2020 was accepted in
February 2018, and it is planned to revenue HRK 825.000.000,00. This funs will be spent on measures
for mitigation and adaptation to climate changes.
MCC-6: Preparation of National Feasibility Study with the action plan for the preparatory activities
for CCS projects in Croatia
Technology for carbon capture and storage for large emission sources is not yet commercially
available. The possibility of commercial application is expected in the period after 2020.
According to Directive 2009/31/EC on the geological storage of carbon dioxide, respectively Article
36 of Directive on industrial emissions 2010/75/EU, for power plants with capacity exceeding 300
MW which have obtained the construction permit after the entry into force of the Directive
2009/31/EK, it is necessary to assess whether the following requirements are satisfied:
- suitable storage locations are available,
- transport facilities are technically and economically feasible and
- upgrade of the plant for CO2 capture is technically and economically feasible
If these conditions are satisfied, the competent authority should provide adequate reserve area on the
plant's location for equipment for capturing and compressing extracted CO2.
Due to described commitments for new thermal power plants, with this measure the preparation of
National Feasibility Study with the action plan of the preparatory activities for CCS projects is
planned. This Study will include stages of capturing on the sources of emissions, transport, injection
and storage.
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MCC-7: Energy efficiency obligation scheme
Based on the provisions of the Directive 2012/27/EU, Act on Energy Efficiency (OG 127/14), 3rd and
4th National Energy Efficiency Action Plan, Croatia plan to establish the energy efficiency obligation
scheme for the fuel suppliers. The obligated parties will have contribute to the energy savings in final
energy consumption.
MCC-8: Environmental permit
Regulation on Environmental permit (OG 8/14, 5/18) regulates activities that can cause emissions
that pollute soil, air, water and sea, requirements and the criteria for issuing of environmental permit,
the way of submitting data on monitoring of emissions into environmental components, conditions
when it is necessary to determine new or alter and support techniques if environmental protection
specified in the permit for the plant, exemptions from the application of reference documents for best
available techniques, the way of determining the emission limit values, the method of applying
equivalent parameters and other technical measures and exemptions from the application of
equivalent parameters and other technical measures, defining process monitoring and industrial
emissions according to the requirements of the best available techniques (BAT), the way of applying
the general binding rules for activities for which environmental permit is obtained, forms that are part
of the environmental perimt requirement, content of the Fundamental Report, list of pollutants,
criteria based on which the BAT is deterimined, the way of determining BAT, deadlines for the
application of BAT, and other related issues.
MCC-9: Tax on SO2 and NOx emissions for individual sources
Regulation on unit charges, corrective coefficients and closer criteria and criteria and standards for
determining the charge for environmental emission fee sulfur oxides expressed as sulfur dioxide and
nitrogen oxides expressed as nitrogen dioxide (OG 71/14, 115/15) prescribes the amount of allowance
fee, corrective coeficient and specific criteria and standards for determining the charge for the
emission of sulphur oxides expressed as SO2 and nitrogen oxides expressed as NO2 into the
environmet. Individual sources of SO2 emission into air are technological processes, industrial drives,
devices and objects from which SO2 is released into the air in an amount of more than 100 kg per
year by the end of 2014, and 3000 kg annualy as of 2015. Individual soruces of NO2 emission into
air are technological processes, industrial drives, devices and objects from which NO2 is released into
the air in an amount of more than 30 kg per year by the end of 2014, and as of 2015, 600 kg per year.
MCC-10: Determination and control of emission limit values of pollutants in air from stationary
sources
Determination and control of emission limit values of pollutants in air from stationary sources is
regulated with the Regulation on emission limit values of pollutants in air from stationary sources
(OG, 87/17) and with the Ordinance on monitoring of pollutant emissions into air from stationary
sources (OG 129/12, 97/13).
The Regulation on emission limit values of pollutants in air from stationary sources (OG, 87/17)
prescribes limit values of pollutant emissions into air from stationary sources, monitoring and
evaluation of emissions, data entry of stationary sources that use organic solvents or products
containing volatile organic compounds in the REGVOC register, the method of reduction of pollutant
emissions into air, method and timing of delivering the emission report to Croatian Agency for
Environment and Nature, the way of notifying the public, the way of delivering data to the relevant
EU bodies and the level of permissible exceedance of the limit values for existing sources for a given
period.
The Ordinance on monitoring of pollutant emissions into air from stationary sources (OG 129/12,
97/13) prescribes the method of monitoring of pollutant emissions into air from stationary sources,
range and type of measurement, reference measurement methods, the way of demonstrating
equivalence for other measurement methods, the method of checking the accuracy and calibration of
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measuring instruments, method of checking the accuracy of the measuring system for continuous
measurement of pollutant emissions into air from stationary sources, procedure of sampling and
evaluation of measurement results, the way of delivering data on emissions for the purpose of the
information system on air protection and the regular way of informing the public about the monitoring
of emissions.
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APPENDIX 2. INITIAL ASSUMPTIONS AND PARAMETERS FOR PROJECTIONS
Table P 2-1: Assumptions for projections – Energy and Transport
ENERGY and TRANSPORT
As described in the Chapter 3, projections of GHG emissions for this report are taken from the draft of the Low-Carbon
Development Strategy of Croatia until 2030 with a view to 2050. Below is a more detailed description of the
methodology used.
1. Final energy
demand Final energy demand is projected in different sectors - industry, transport, services, households
and agriculture, fisheries and forestry. The bases for projections of activities are macroeconomic
parameters and guidelines provided by the EC to Member States to harmonize the key
parameters. For modeling of direct energy consumption, detailed sectoral models with bottom
up approaches were used based on which it is possible to simulate the effects of energy
efficiency measures [15] [16] [17] and they have been calibrated with the consumption in 2014.
Results of energy consumption modeling were used as input data for analysis of energy
transformations. Additionally, modeling also involved the interdependence of demand on
energy production from variable renewable energy sources, this is primarily related to
simulations of advanced use of electrical vehicle batteries of optimizing of the power transport
system operation and to the use of electric boilers with heat tanks for optimizing the operation
of the power heating system.
The scenarios ‘with existing measures’ and 'with additional measures' modelled the impacts of
each measure.
The analyses were performed by sub-sectors:
– industry - by industry and type of fuel used,
– transport – by type of transport (road, air, marine and rail) and types of means of transport
(cars, buses, motorcycles, light and heavy vans) or purpose (passenger and cargo) and by
type of technology and fuel used
– services – by branches (tourism, trade, education, health), climatic zone (coastal or
continental Croatia), purpose (heating, water heating, cooking, cooling, electrical
appliances and lighting), type of fuel used, heating demand is modelled on the level of
useful and final energy
– households – by climatic zone (coastal or continental Croatia), purpose (heating, water
heating, cooking, cooling, electrical appliances and lighting) and by type of fuel, heating
demand is modelled on the level of useful and final energy
– agriculture, fisheries and forestry - by type of fuel
Demographic trends - assumes a scenario of average fertility and average migration, in
accordance with the guidelines of the EC.
‘With existing measures’ scenario
1.1.1. Energy
demand in
industry
Assumptions:
– development of industrial production will not be based on energy-intensive industries, as
market mechanisms will direct the balanced development to the less energy-intensive
industry where Croatia is not in need of resources,
– trends in gross value added in industry are based on harmonized parameters for projection
given by the EC [21],
– tržišna poboljšanja energetske učinkovitosti i zamjene goriva u industrijskom sektoru,
– Emissions in the industry sub-sector is growing along with economic growth, but growth is
moderate as in other sub-sectors considering a decreasing dependence of energy
consumption on GDP growth and assumption that there will be no construction of major
new energy-intensive industries.
1.1.2. Energy
demand in
transport
Assumptions:
– it is assumed that there will be an increase in number of cars from the 328 cars per 1000
citizens as in 2012 [ODYSSEE] to 520 in 2050,
– existing road infrastructure was mainly built,
– the transport of passengers will have fastest growth in air traffic,
– it is assumed that all emissions from the new vehicles will be in line with the Regulation
EU no. 333/2014 for the personal vehicles, i.e. average emissions of new vehicles will be
below 95 g CO2/km and Regulation EU no. 510/2011 to reduce the average emissions of
light duty vehicles below 174 g CO2/km after 2017 and below 147 gCO2/km after 2020,
– it is assumed that there will be stagnation in the use of rail and inland waterways transport,
– it is assumed that 6% of the vehicles will be electric vehicles in 2050 (based on the EU
Reference scenario 2016)
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ENERGY and TRANSPORT
1.1.3. Energy
demand in
general
consumption
Assumptions:
Households and services:
– according to the existing data, in Croatia in 2012 was 142.2 million m2 of residential
buildings and houses (Long-term strategy for the promotion of the investments of
buildings, OG 74/14). It is assumed that the living area will grow slowly with the recovery
of economic activity, despite the fall of number of people, by 8,5% until 2030 and by
10,6% until 2050. Most of the new surfaces will refer to a block of flats in urban areas,
– renovation of 0,5% surface are of the buildings annually to the standard as listed in the
Technical regulation on rational use of energy and thermal protection in buildings (OG
128/15, 70/18,73/18),
– all new buildings built according to the same Regulation,
– reducing the share of electricity and liquid fuels for heating,
– consumption of electricity to power household appliances and devices for cooling (air
conditioning) will grow,
– specific energy consumption for cooking in households will stagnate.
Agriculture, forestry and fisheries:
– Reduction of energy intensity considering market development.
1.2. 'With additional measures' scenario
Continued support to energy efficiency after 2020, with the following key assumptions:
- renovation of 2% of the buildings annually to the nearly-zero energy standard (include the
use of renewable sources),
- support for the development of the share of electric vehicles to 25% of the personal vehicles
in 2050,
- intermodal shift with the goal to shift 7% of the transport of passengers and goods to rails
until 2030 and 20% until 2050,
- improvements of energy efficiency in industry together with fuel switch towards the use of
renewable energy and electricity.
2. Energy
transformations
and resources
The power system was analysed by the simulation of market development with the software for
the hourly optimization of operation and development of the power system. The price of the
emission allowances in the EU ETS was assumed as in the EU Reference scenario 2016.
The simulation of the operation of the refineries was done to satisfy the domestic demand as
possible with the existing capacities, which mean without building new refineries in ‘without
measures’ scenario, and reducing production in ‘with existing measures’ and ‘with additional
measures’ scenarios.
2.1. ‘With existing measures’ scenario
Assumptions:
- Until 2020, installed capacities of renewable energy sources power plants are as defined by
the National Action Plan for Renewable Energy Sources by 2020 and Tariff system for
renewable energy and efficient cogeneration ( OG 133/2013, 151/2013, 20/2014, 107/2014
i 100/2015) (note: Date of expiry: January 1m 2016, except for project holders who have
concluded an electricity purchase contract with the electricity market operator until the date
of enetring into force of the Law on Renewable Energy Sources and Highly Effective
Cogeneration (OG 100/15),
- for the post-2020 period the simulation of the market development with the software for the
hourly optimization of operation and development of the power system was done,
- The price of the emission allowances in the EU ETS was assumed as in the EU Reference
scenario 2016,
- The analysis showed that renewable energy sources will be competent to certain extent
without the need of the public support for the solar PV system and wind,
- no new coal power plants,
- all electricity needs will be met from domestic sources (except nuclear power plant Krško)
after 2030, which significantly increases the generation in Croatian power plants since
import amounted to 25 – 35%,
- plans of enterprises responsible for controlling of fugitive emissions for the
implementation of measures for reduction of fugitive emissions were taken into account.
2.2. 'With additional measures' scenario
Assumptions include continuous development of renewable energy policy even after 2020:
- the simulation of the market development with the software for the hourly optimization of
operation and development of the power system was done,
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ENERGY and TRANSPORT
- The price of the emission allowances in the EU ETS was assumed as in the EU Reference
scenario 2016,
- Due to lower demand for energy compared to the ‘with existing measures’ due to the energy
efficiency improvements, the costs to achieve higher shares of renewable energy are lower,
- no new coal power plants,
- no net imports of electricity after 2030 (except nuclear power plant Krško).
Table P 2-2: Assumptions for projections – Industrial processes and use of solvents
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES AND USE OF SOLVENTS
The projections were carried out based on the expected development of certain industries, which
includes the production goals by 2035.
Emission projections start from the situation and projections of macroeconomic parameters in
2015 (The 2015 Ageing Report) - the projected dynamics of the annual growth rate of gross
domestic product and gross value added and the decline of population, as well as the results of
sectoral analysis and studies (cement, lime, ammonia, sulphuric acid and nitric acid production).
Assumptions for 'with existing measures' scenario:
– no installation of additional capacity;
– production will reach the maximum value by 2035.
– Decline of population
– Gross domestic product is growing moderately
The Industrial Strategy of the Republic of Croatia 2014 – 2020 defines objectives of industrial
development and key indicators of the Croatian industry in the period 2014 – 2020. According to
the “realistic scenario”, by the year 2020 achieving the level of physical volume of industrial
production on the level of 2008 is expected, when it reached the highest level of economic activity
in Croatia.
Process emissions from economic activities, as defined by IPCC methodology, included in the
sector Industrial processes and product use were estimated on the basis of detailed sectoral
projections of production of cement, ammonia and nitric acid and the projected macroeconomic
indicators of gross value added by other industrial branches, annual increase rate in GDP and
decline of population. The scenario includes the implementation of measures defined in the
strategic and sectoral planning documents included in the business policy of cement and nitric
acid manufacturers, conditioned by market demands, laws and regulations and the requirements
of the application of best available techniques in the production process.
Assumptions for 'with additional measures' scenario:
– the application of cost- effective measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the
production of cement, glass and nitric acid and the reduction of emissions of volatile organic
compounds, controlled substances and fluorinated greenhouse gases.
According to good practice, the projections were made for activity data and emission factors:
– activity data – applying grade of 1, 2 and 3 methods (projections of macroeconomic
parameters, effects of policies and measures, sectoral analysis and studies);
– emission factors – applying grade of 1 and 2 methods (projections based on average
values for the previous five-year period, effects of policies and measures, sectoral analysis
and studies).
Table P 2-3: Assumptions for projections - agriculture
AGRICULTURE
The projections were carried out based on the expected future state of key parameters. In order to
determine the key parameters for projections (number and types of livestock, crop production), the
extrapolation of historical input data was used and expert assessment that includes historical data
and sectoral strategic and development documents.
Assumptions are that the agricultural production will increase (inception of livestock fund
revitalisation in the period from 2015 to 2020. Years with continued population growth until 2035,
and crop production based on the indicative trend in the period from 2000 to 2009), and sustainable
consumption of mineral fertilizers (on the level of medium values of the 2007-2014 period).
Policies and measures included in development of 'with existing measures' scenario implies:
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– implementation of the Rural Development Programme for the period 2014-2020, including
changes in the cattle management systems (manure removal system and genetic improvements)
and in the animal nutrition (processing of the feed to increase digestibility, improving the
quality of voluminuos feed and improvement of grazing systems, and use of aditives in animal
feed).
'With additional measures' scenario implies the application of the following measures:
– additional improvements in feed quality and in cattle and pigs nutrition,
– changes in manure management system, including anaerobic digestion and biogas production,
– improvement of methods for the application of mineral fertilizers,
– Hydrotechnical procedures,
– introduction of new cultivars, varieties and species.
Table P 2-4: Assumptions for projections – waste management
WASTE MANAGEMENT
The projections were carried out on the basis of expected development and future state of parameters for making
of projections:
- Solid waste disposal - amount of produced and disposed solid waste, and the share of landfilled biodegradable
organic waste;
- Composting - the amount of waste processed by composting;
- Waste incineration – amount of incinerated hospital waste and the number of cremated human bodies;
- Wastewater treatment and discharge – amount of processed wastewaters from households and industry,
industrial production, the number of inhabitants that uses the individual wastewater drainage system (cesspits),
number of inhabitants in households without sanitary nodes.
Emission projections start from the situation and projections of macroeconomic parameters in 2015 (The 2015
Ageing Report) - the projected dynamics of the annual growth rate of gross domestic product and gross value added
and the decline of population, which includes the goals by 2050.
Assumptions for 'with existing measures' scenario:
Includes projections of greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions from solid waste disposal, biological treatment
(composting) of solid waste, incineration of waste and wastewater treatment and discharge;
– Solid waste disposal – a continuous increase in the volume of produced and disposed solid waste is assumed for
the period up to 2050 as a result of higher living standards, despite the effects of measures undertaken to
avoid/reduce and recycle waste. The objectives are defined by sectoral strategic documents – Sustainable Waste
Management Act and Waste Management Plan of the Republic of Croatia for the period 2017-2022;
– Composting – a continuous increase in the amount of solid waste that is being processed by composting is
assumed;
– Waste incineration – a continuous increase in the amount of the incinerated hospital waste is assumed, as the
decrease of the number of cremated human bodies;
– Wastewater treatment and discharge – a continuous increase in the amount of processed wastewaters from
industry and decrease in the amounts of porcessed wastewaters from households is assumed. It is also assumed
a decrease in the number of inhabitants with individual wastewater drainage system (cesspits) and the number
of inhabitants in households without the sanitary nodes.
– Other wastes – a mild continuous increase in the number of fires is assumed for almost all categories.
GHG and pollutant emissions that are included in Waste management sector (according to IPCC and EMEP/EEA
methodology), are estimated on the basis of sectoral analyzes and projected macroeconomic indicators on the
annual growht rate of GDP and the reduction of the population. Scenario encompasses the implementation of
measures and planned sectoral documents.
Assumptions for 'with additional measures' scenarios (WAM):
Includes projections of GHG and pollutant emissions from solid waste disposal and composting of solid waste.
– Solid waste disposal – it is assumed that the amount of produced and disposed solid waste will be reduced due
to application of measures defined by strategic documents harmonized with EU legislation. Quantitative goals
for the quantity and composition of solid waste and other parameters in the models for assesment of emissions
from solid waste disposal that are not defined in strategic documents are estimated by an expert assesment.
– Composting – a continuous increase in the quantity of solid waste that is being processed by composting, due
to the application of measures defined by strategic documnets harmonized with EU legislation (depends on
reducing the amount of disposed biodegradable waste).
According to good practice projections were made for activity data, emission factors and parameters included in
the models for estimating GHG and pollutant emissions:
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WASTE MANAGEMENT
– grade of 1, 2 and 3 methods (projections of macroeconomic parameters, effects of policies and measures,
sectoral analysis and studies, expert judgement) were used.
Table P 2-5: Parameters on projections – general economic parameters
Parameter 2014 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035
GDP – annual growth rate % -0.4 1.6 1.8 1.2 1.3 1.9
Population Million
people 4.238 4.229 4.194 4.140 4.081 4.018
Coal prices Euro/GJ 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.6 3.2 3.4
Oil prices (1% S) Euro/GJ 8.1 7.8 11.6 13.2 14.5 15.1
Gas prices Euro/GJ 6.5 6.7 7.5 8.1 8.8 9.4
Source: [18], [19], [20]
Table P 2-6: Parameters on projections – energy sector: total fuel consumption, total electricity generation,
‘with existing measures’ scenario
Parameter 2014 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035
Total fuel consumption
Coal and coke PJ 31.6 31.7 24.3 23.1 22.0 16.5
Liquid petroleum fuels PJ 125.8 130.7 125.9 122.3 118.5 116.2
Gas PJ 84.6 91.8 104.7 109.2 118.7 119.7
Renewables PJ 146.0 137.8 171.2 198.1 218.9 239.4
Total electricity generation
Coal TWh 2.0 2.2 1.5 1.4 1.3 0.7
Liquid petroleum fuels TWh IE IE IE IE IE IE
Gas TWh 1.5 1.8 2.4 2.6 1.6 3.4
Renewables TWh 10.1 7.2 9.5 12.2 14.3 16.4
Electricity imports TWh 4.0 6.8 6.4 4.6 2.9 2.6
Source: [21]
Table P 2-7: Parameters on projections – energy sector: final energy consumption
Parameter 2014 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035
Final energy consumption
Industry PJ 40.6 10.9 44.9 46.4 48.0 50.4
Transport PJ 84.5 84.5 87.3 89.8 92.9 93.3
Households PJ 92.0 112.5 11.9 112.0 111.9 111.6
Agriculture, forestry and fisheries PJ 9.7 9.4 9.5 9.2 8.9 8.7
Services PJ 29.5 31.3 33.1 35.1 37.0 38.9
Other PJ 4.2 4.2 4.7 4.7 4.8 5.0
Source: [21]
Table P 2-8: : Parameters on projections – weather parameters
Parameter
Heating degree days: 2.228
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Cooling degree days: NE
Source: [22]
Table P 2-9: Parameters on projections – industry
Parameter 1990 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035
Production index for industry:*
Cement industry % 2.643 kt 5 -4 33 36 40 41
Glass industry 275 kt -16 2 14 21 29 41
Nitric acid industry % 332 kt 1 -13 -13 -13 -10 -10
CO2 emissions **
Solvent use % 93,99 kt
CO2e 49 62 58 56 54 50
HFC emissions ***
Consumption of HFCs in refrigeration
and air conditioning equipment
(1995)
29,32 kt
CO2e
1292 1431 1582 1658 1743 1885
*, **,*** the percentage change in relation to 1990
Source: Manufacturers of cement, glass and nitric acid, [23], [19], [8]
Table P 2-10: Parameters on projections – transport
Parameter 2014 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035
Number of passenger
kilometres, all modes 109 pkm 40.56 40.98 43.09 45.32 47.58 49.05
Transport of goods 109 tkm 11.59 11.64 11.90 12.16 12.42 12.69
Energy consumption in road
transport PJ 74.17 75.59 76.84 78.73 80.61 80.45
Source: [22], [21]
Table P 2-11: Parameters on projections – agriculture
Parameter 2014 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035
Dairy cattle 1000 heads 179 165 168 175 185 185
Non-dairy cattle 1000 heads 264 240 270 285 340 340
Sheep 1000 heads 605 590 620 650 700 700
Goats 1000 heads 65 65 68 70 75 75
Horses 1000 heads 20 20 22 23 25 25
Mules/asses 1000 heads 4 2.0 2.2 2.5 3.5 3.5
Swine 1000 heads 551 480 504 528 672 672
Poultry 1000 heads 5327 6048 6231 6414 6719 6719
Wheat t 648,917 758,638 879,847 1,002,001 1,178,645 1,178,645
Maize t 2,046,966 1,709,152 2,187,640 2,205,554 2,256,114 2,256,114
Potatoes t 160,847 171,179 203,239 160,630 104,879 104,879
Sugar beets t 1,392,000 756,509 1,428,948 1,408,317 1,497,069 1,497,069
Tobacco t 9,164 10,132 11,766 12,041 13,712 13,712
Sunflowers t 99,489 94,075 92,333 109,745 129,556 129,556
Rape seed t 71,228 56,783 70,866 70,933 99,821 99,821
Tomatoes t 19,374 36,273 44,884 41,278 53,804 53,804
Barley t 175,592 193,451 228,296 243,098 278,746 278,746
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Parameter 2014 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035
Oats t 56,555 71,743 61,295 76,089 82,453 82,453
Cabbages and
other brassicas t 24,703 38,413 61,109 57,412 63,099 63,099
Garlic t 4,272 4,634 4,912 4,534 5,757 5,757
Onions t 24,160 26,204 33,438 33,475 44,763 44,763
Rye t 2,800 3,356 0 0 0 0
Sorghum t 1,205 1,205 1,554 1,891 2,761 2,761
Watermelons t 25,598 15,771 32,599 31,346 35,274 35,274
Soybeans t 131,424 196,431 153,926 174,867 190,140 190,140
Beans, dry t 1,329 1,156 0 0 0 0
Cow peas, dry t 1,413 1,346 2,210 3,050 4,708 4,708
Lentils t 83 83 13 0 0 0
Peas, dry t 579 194 356 98 0 0
Vetches t 1,500 1,500 1,923 1,585 1,462 1,462
Clover t 70,873 82,992 147,241 143,473 157,171 157,171
Alfalfa t 128,702 112,876 226,824 247,731 317,840 317,840
Applied
nitrogen kg
80,707,11
2
99,000,00
0
99,000,00
0
99,000,00
0
99,000,00
0
99,000,00
0
Source: [18], [19], [24], [23]
Table P 2-12: Parameters on projections – waste management
Parameter 2014 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035
'WITH EXISTING MEASURES' SCENARIO (WM)
Solid waste disposal on the ground
Quantity of solid waste
produced
t/per
cap. 0.386 0.393 0.436 0.463 0.494 0.542
Quantity of solid waste
disposed kt 1349 1361 1463 1533 1612 1743
Share of biodegradable
organic waste % 68 65 65 65 65 65
Solid waste composting
Quantity of composted
solid waste kt 29 62 83 87 91 99
Waste incineration
Quantity of incineraded
hospital waste t 51 52 54 56 59 64
Nubmer of cremated
human bodies 4803 5373 5094 5028 4957 4880
Wastewater treatment and discharge
Quantity of processed
wastewaters from
households and services
106 m3 268 257 266 263 259 255
Quantity of processed
wastewaters from
industry
106 m3 13 13 13 13 14 15
Industrial production
(food and drink,
paper, chemicals)
kt 6586 6692 8236 8743 9326 10246
Number of inhabitants
with individual drainage
system (cesspits)
103 st. 2254 2232 2231 2203 2172 2138
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Parameter 2014 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035
Number of inhabitants in
households without
sanitary nodes
103 st. 380 378 367 356 344 333
Protein consumption t/st. 0.031 0.032 0.034 0.035 0.037 0.040
Other wastes
Number of fires on road
vehicles 314 433 335 350 364 377
Number of fires in
detached households 767 845 767 767 767 767
Number of fires on built-
in and semi built-in
houses
89 98 100 104 111 119
Number of fires on
buildings 19 21 21 22 24 26
Number of fires on
industrial objects 626 690 702 731 780 841
‘WITH ADDITIONAL MEASURES’ SCENARIO (WAM)
Solid waste disposal on the ground
Quantity of solid waste
produced
t/per
cap. 0.386 0.393 0.380 0.371 0.363 0.356
Quantity of solid waste
disposed kt 1349 1361 797 298 148 107
Share of biodegradable
organic waste % 65 65 24 18 12 9
Solid waste composting
Quantity of composted
solid waste kt 29 62 277 537 753 975
Sources:
National Inventory Report 2018, Croatian greenhouse gas inventory for the period 1990-2016 (NIR 2018), Croatian
Agency for Environment and Nature, 2018
Republic of Croatia 2019 Informative inventory report (1990 - 2016), Croatian Agency for Environment and Nature,
2018
Report on projections of greenhouse gas emissions, Republic of Croatia, Croatian Agency for Environment and
Nature, 2017
Report on implementation of policies and measures that reduce greenhouse gas emissions by sources or enhance
removals by sinks, Republic of Croatia, Croatian Agency for Environment and Nature, 2017
Waste Management Strategy of the Republic of Croatian (OG 130/05)
Sustainable Waste Management Act (OG 94/13, 73/17)
Waste Management Plan of the Republic of Croatia for the period 2017 – 2022 (OG 3/17)
Recommended parameters for reporting on GHG projections in 2015, Final after consultation, June 17,2014, EK