Aim: What made Genghis Khan become conqueror of Eurasia?

• List three reasons why some countries choose to conquer other lands.

1. Natural Resources

2. Eliminate competition

3. Take over strategic locations.

4. Money/Loot /Tribute $$$

5. Power, Ego and Prestige.

Homework: What effects did the Mongol conquest have on Western Europe?

Instructional Objectives• We will be able to:

– Describe the Mongols and how Genghis Khan conquered an Empire

Agenda:

• Don Now

• Lecture Notes

• Activity

• Summary

Mongolia• Today Mongolia is a landlocked country

wedged in the middle of China and Russia.

• The Mongol Steppe:• The Mongolian steppe is harsh and cold. It is

made up of hilly grasslands devoid of trees. Most Mongols were nomadic animal herders who lived in tents called yurts.

Rise of the Mongols• The Mongols of the 12th century lived in clans that constantly

fought each other.• A young Mongol named Temujin wanted to unite the people of the

central steppe. • In 1206 he created the Mongol Empire• Temujin became known as Genghis Khan or ruler of the Mongols• Genghis Khan wanted access to the Silk Roads wealth which led

him to expand his empire.

Mongolian ConquestsFirst Period - 1206

Mongolian ConquestsSecond Period 1206 - 1219

Mongolian ConquestsThird Period 1219 - 1223

Mongolian ConquestsFourth Period 1223 – 1227

Death of Chinggis Khan

Mongolian ConquestsFifth Period 1227 - 1237

Mongolian ConquestsSixth Period 1237 - 1259

Mongolian ConquestsSeventh Period 1259 - 1279

Mongolian ConquestsGreatest Extent of Their Empire

What modern countries did the Mongols control?

II. Genghis Khan • Improved military organization into corps.• Created a body of law (Most were equal under the law) • Conquered parts of China, Russia, the Middle East,

India, Korea, and Eastern Europe• Allowed conquered people kept their religions and

culture• Mongols assimilated and borrowed ideas from other

conquered cultures • After conquests a period of peace began in Asia called

the Pax Mongolia

•How did the nomadic Mongols who only numbered 200,000

fighting men conquer the most modern empires in the

World?•These are some of

Genghis Khan’s secrets

My entire army is made up of Calvary (horsemen) who use

a powerful composite bow

Lure your enemy out with a small force and harass them while you do a fake retreat.

Once your enemy is exhausted from chasing you

find a suitable place to surround and ambush them.

I adapted my army to use siege weapons, such as the catapult.

Once I conquered a city we would set loose many of the inhabitants

that were not useful

The inhabitants of the last conquered city would seek refuge

in my next target. This would spread terror, create food

shortages and overcrowding in my next conquest.

Once a Russian prince refused to surrender. I built a wall around his city to show their was no escape. After my Mongol warriors attacked

no one was left alive.

Those who challenged my power or refused to

surrender would be destroyed. After awhile my name alone made

whole cities surrender. I am Genghis Khan!

I created the world’s largest land empire. When my conquests were over I brought

peace and trade to much of Asia.

Activity – DBQ Exercise: What made Genghis Khan become conqueror of Eurasia?

Summary Questions

• How did the Mongols live?

• What motivated Genghis Khan to conquer?

• How did Genghis Khan conquer societies?

Do Now: Where did the Black Death originate from?

Aim: How did the Mongols affect the world?

Homework:

Instructional Objectives• We will be able to:• Describe the impact the Mongols had

on different societies.

Agenda:

• Do Now

• Lecture Notes

• Activity

• Summary

Spreading the Plague

– Marmots (rats), endemic on the steppe, carried it– Besieging the city of Kaffa on the Crimea in 1346,

Mongols catapulted dead plague victims over the walls, infecting the population, who then spread it to Western Europe.

What effects did the Black Death have on Europe?

The Pax Mongolia (Safe Trade)

– The Pax Mongolia (The Mongol Peace) made it safe and easy for Europeans to trade with the East. Silks and new technologies entered Europe creating an increased demand. When the Mongol Empire collapsed Europeans seek a new route to the East leading to the explorations of Christopher Columbus.

Why was this era called the Pax Mongolia?

Influence on Russia

• Mongol rule in Russia isolated Russia from the rest of Europe. Cultural diffusion and trade with the west would virtually stop. When the Mongols left Russia remained isolated from the rest of Europe and fell behind culturally and technologically. Russia would remain a backwards nation for centuries

Did the Mongols leave a positive influence on

Russia?

Influence on other Societies

• In China, the Mongol ruler there, Kublai Khan, kept Chinese society under strict control. With this strict control, trade flourished. One important trader and explorer, Marco Polo, brought back new goods to Europe. Other Muslim traders introduced Chinese inventions, such as gunpowder and the compass to the western world. Soon, Chinese techniques of papermaking and the invention of books were spread throughout Europe.

Who benefited from Mongol rule in China?

Activity – How did the Mongols affect other Societies?

Summary Questions

• What positive effects did the Mongol conquests have?

• What negative?

Homework:

From the information on this chart, which was the greatest Empire?

Explain.