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Communication systems(2)

CT 1401

The satellite

What Is a Satellite?

A satellite is a moon, planet or machine that orbits a planet or star. For example, Earth is a satellite because it orbits the

sun

Why satellite

• http://www.onastra.com/2169/why-satellite

Short History of Satellite Communication:

_ 1945 Arthur C. Clarke publishes an essay._ “Extra Terrestrial Relays“._ 1957 First satellite SPUTNIK._ 1960 First reflecting communication satellite ECHO._ 1963 First geostationary satellite SYNCOM._ 1965 First commercial geostationary satellite.

Definition satellite Satellites are specifically made for

telecommunication purpose. They are used for mobile applications such as

communication to ships, vehicles, planes, hand-held terminals and for TV and radio

broadcasting.

They are responsible for providing these services to an assigned region (area) on the earth. The power and bandwidth of these satellites

depend upon the preferred size of the footprint, complexity of the traffic control protocol schemes and the cost of ground satellite.

The naming of satelliteArabs were the first to use the word in astronomy satellite denote the space objects that follow the other in its orbit, satellite of the Earth, satellites and collected folk style and origin of Stella, which came out one after consecutive one. The style and flocked tears any means continued. The word Arab satellite entered the English language through Latin and French languages to

become (in English: Satellite)

The advantages of satellite:Flexible (if transparent transponders)

Easy to install new circuitsCircuit costs independent of distance

Broadcast possibilitiesTemporary applications (restoration)

Niche applicationsMobile applications (especially "fill-in")

The disadvantages of satellite:Large up front capital costs (space segment and launch)

Terrestrial break even distance expanding (now approx. size of Europe)Interference and propagation

Congestion of frequencies and orbit.

Divide the satellites according to their applications to:

1 -Communications satellites which are used in the transmission of-information

Uses satellite communications and is often the most prevalent

.

2- Satellites broadcast space which are used in broadcast television channels

and radio wide variety of programming would be made available to DBS

subscribers over the set-aside capacity, including distance learning, children’s

educational programming, and medical, historical, and scientific However.

3- Satellite of Meteorology, The purpose of this module is to examine Earth observing satellites and their capabilities in greater detail, focusing on two satellite orbital groups in particular; Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) and Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites (POES). Finally, this module will

demonstrate how to interpret visible, infrared and water vapor channel satellite images

4 -Satellites and military is an artificial satellite used for a military purpose. The most common

missions are intelligence gathering, navigation and military communications. The first military

satellites were photographic reconnaissance missions.

5 -Scientific satellites Certain satellites are important for scientific research. These satellites gather data for scientific analysis. This includes observations of the atmosphere of our planet, the stars, the sun and other parts of space. states that earth orbiting satellites can observe celestial objects without the interference from the Earth's atmosphere These

satellites are able to record data without the interference of gases, lights, and magnetic fields produced on earth .

Additional information

Preparation satellites Their number is so massive and still increasing by types and needs her.

A simplified explanation of how it works

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uEe5GMzcupw

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=54MSV2B399o