9

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1 Association of Southeast Asian Nations: ASEAN

2010

2010

2

3

4 5

ASEAN

6

2

1.

OTC Over The Counter

2011 8 6,619

6,486 2013b

272

2.

1980

1997 1 2000

World Health

Organization: WHO Good Manufacturing Practice:

GMP WHO-GMP

WHO-GMP

2007 WHO GMP Current

GMP: CGMP

CGMP

GMP 2008

CGMP

2009

GMP

Pharmaceutical Inspection Convention / Pharmaceutical

Inspection Cooperation Scheme: PIC/S

2012 2014

1 2004 4 p.6

273

PIC/S

3.

20

1976

1972

1995 World

Trade Organization: WTO

Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights: TRIPS

2005 WTO

IMS Health 2010

2012

5

Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement: TPP

i ii

iii iv

4 WikiLeaks

2013 2

2 2012

274

3

1.

9-1

9-2

3 1

9-3

1990 3 1 1992

2

20%

9-2

2013b

9-4 2002

12% 50%

2009

Iizuka and Kubo 2011

0 30%

Iizuka 2007

275

9-1

9-2 2013

https://www.mof.go.jp/budget/reference/statistics/data.htm

2013 2012

26

https://www.mof.go.jp/budget/budger_workflow/budget/fy2014/seifuan26/05-09.pdf

1

2

276

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9-4

http://www.jga.gr.jp/

1

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3 3 2011 11 2012

3

2013c

http://www.mhlw.go.jp/toukei/list/37-21.html

1

277

2000

9-1 2002

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2002

20 2008

9-1 2000

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2003 DPC

2006

2008

http://www.kyoukaikenpo.or.jp/~/media/Files/oita/migration/cat030/h24/20120507-141807.pdf

278

2003 DPC Diagnosis Procedure Combination

9-4

2002 2012

9-4 2

2000 200 2010 700 900

DPC

Medical Representative: MR

2.

2018 3

40% 60%

2013a 2018

3

3 2011

279

2018

2014

70% 60%

2 2 14%

2014

4

3

2013b

1 50 100 2013b

1,000

2013b

3

4 2

280

2007 2011

GMP

GMP

ASEAN TRIPS

9-5

IMS Consulting Group 2012

9-5

2011

IMS Consulting Group 2012

281

9-5 ASEAN

ASEAN

5

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ASEAN

4

1. 2,946 2012

ASEAN 1 432

2009-2012 ASEAN

2013 75.7

3

2011 375 9,750 1 3 3,000

ASEAN Ministry of Health 2013a IMS Consulting Group

2012 6 5

34.2% 2010 Ministry of Health 2013a Jaafar et al. 2013

2012

3 9,000 1 3,700

Ministry of Health 2013a 1

30 1 150

Ministry of Health 2013b 5 GMP

6 2011 1 26

282

2009 1Care

Bridel 2012

1990

1997-98

Jaafar et al. 2013

Hassali and Wong

2014

2. 2012 1,140

Business Monitor International 2013 2012 516

45%

Bahri 2013

9-5 2011 54%

46% ASEAN

7 10 4

10 7

10 Elis 2013

9-6

69%

23% Elis

2013

1999

7 Schut and Van Bergeijk 1986 1975

283

55%

3 9-2

45%

Bahri 2013

Hassali and Wong 2014

9-6 2009

Elis 2013

2009 1 26

284

9-2

2008

2012

20mg

31.5 40.5 103.5 135.8 256.4 461.8

50mg

9.9 22.5 33.3 5.8 26.8 96.6

150mg

15.9 30 65.7 5.9 13.6 40.6

Shafie and Hassali 2008 100

http://www.jah.ne.jp/~kako/

1

2 2008 1 30

3. 9-7

61 1

2009 30

OTC

Fatokun et al. 2013

8

8 2013 11

285

Kotra Pharma

30 30

9-7 12 2009

5 ASEAN ASEAN

2013, 2014

ASEAN

Elis 2013

1

2 2009 1 26

3 13 377

286

2013 11

Economic Transformation

Program: ETP

ASEAN

Ng, Zhang, and de Breed 2012

287

6

GMP

60% 2018

ASEAN

ASEAN

ASEAN

ASEAN

288

289

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2009 . 2009 7 14

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