Agenda
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Transcript of Agenda
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Agenda
• Finish presentation• Quiz• NOTES!
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Homework
• Maps!• Quiz next class
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After WWII
The Cold War
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Reconstruction
• Germany – Germany and Berlin divided among allies powers– France, US and UK combined and installed a
Democratic government • Japan – Occupation by the US under General Mac Author's
administration – Demilization – Democracy and economic development
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New Institutions • United Nations
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EUROPE AND UNITED STATES AFTER THE WAR
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The Cold War• Containment
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Western Europe• Expansion of democracy– Fascists discredited– Revolutionaries fall out of favor– Suffrage expanded
• Economic growth– Welfare state– Consumer culture
• New cooperation and institutions
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Troubles in Western Europe• Inflation• “guest workers” and racism
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Eastern Europe• Development of Communist Bloc• Secularization, collectivization,
industrialization• Soviet Union– Political stability after Stalin– Moderate and conservative
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Troubles in Eastern Europe• Agricultural production• People attempt to escape to the West– Brain drain
• Motivation and discipline• Foreign policy failures• Environmental damage
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THE COLD WAR Brief history and characteristics
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HTTP://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=U9KX6ZKIGUE&FEATURE=RELATED&SAFETY_MODE=TRUE&PERSIST_SAFETY_MODE=1&SAFE=ACTIVE
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Beginnings of the Cold War • Yalta Conference
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Two Rivalries United States• Democracy• Free enterprise system
• President Truman:– Policy of containment – The Marshall Plan
USSR • Dictatorship • Communism
• Soviets set up puppet/ satellite nations in Eastern Europe
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Characteristics of the Cold War • North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (NATO) vs. Warsaw Pact
• Korean War• Vietnam War• Berlin and the Berlin War • Cuban Missile Crisis • Nuclear weapons and the theory
of deterrence
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• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SnLYYwltsog&feature=plcp&context=C498e671VDvjVQa1PpcFOzjT46cJ49FDHhkg7_kHennHcmZ23qaSM%3D&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
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Agenda
• Quiz• Guidance• Lecture
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Homework
• Outline of China
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End of the Cold War• Collapse of communism in the Soviet Union
and Eastern Europe – Soviet economic collapse– Nationalism in Warsaw Pact countries – Tearing down the Berlin Wall– Breakup of the Soviet Union – Expansion of NATO
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People of the Cold War • Indira Gandhi• Margaret Thatcher• Mikhail Gorbachev• Deng Xiaoping
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Latin America
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Latin America • Already politically independent• But economically dependent– Foreign investment from West– Relied on exports and world markets
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Governments• Authoritarian response to the Great
Depression– Leaders still in power in 1945
• Socialism and Marxism are popular after the war
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Pressures for Reforms• Powerful elites• Oligarchic economy and politics• Repression of Indians• Poor conditions for agricultural, later
industrial, workers
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Solutions in Latin America• Imposed stability and growth – Single-party Mexico, military governments
• Marxist revolutions– Land reform, social changes
• Liberation theology– Catholicism and social justice
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Cold War Context
• US provided export market, development assistance, foreign investment– Created Banana Republics– Intervened often– Accepted dictators
• USSR supported revolutionaries
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Radicals
• Usually supported by USSR• Succeed in taking power, but struggle in
making true reforms– Maybe social success, rarely economic progress
• Usually became elite-focused and authoritarian
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Military Coups
• Nationalistic• Usually supported by US• Limited freedom in favor of stability and
forced economic development– Repressive dictatorships– Not more successful than other options
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In Later Times (1980s)
• Military gave power back, more elections• Still problems– Debt– Inflation– Drug gangs
• Populism and socialism still possible
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Social
• Women slowly gain rights, but about equal to West now
• Population expands rapidly• Population movement as well:– Political and economic refugees– International labor market– Most urbanized of Third World
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Decolonization
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DECOLONIZATION OF INDIA
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HTTP://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=SYOAPZ19ABO&SAFETY_MODE=TRUE&PERSIST_SAFETY_MODE=1&SAFE=ACTIVE
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Setting for Indian Independence
• Britain weak after WWI and WWII• Indian National Congress• Leadership of Gandhi• Political division
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Gandhi
• Leader of Nationalist group – Passive resistance, civil disobedience: boycotted British
goods, refused to pay taxes, disregarded British laws– Used ahimsa (nonviolence) and satyagraha (search for
truth)
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DECOLONIZATION OF AFRICA
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sUy_197dYX4&feature=related&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
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• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b2903pxjYrc&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
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• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6HLJ0JDssaU&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
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After WWII
• Resentment in imperial rule and economic exploitation
• Pride in African culture and heritage • Right to self-determination
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Decolonization
• Mixture of peaceful and violent revolutions after WWII
• Colonies where lost by Britain, France. Belgium and Portugal – Helped by superpower rivalry during the cold war
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Examples of Independent movements
• West Africa: Peaceful transition • Algeria– War of Independence from France
• Kenya (Britain): – Violent struggle under leadership of Jomo Kenyatta
• South Africa: – Black South African struggles against apartheid – Nelson Mandela: First black president of the republic
of South Africa
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South Asia
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Challenges
• Rivalries and sectarian violence• Population explosion• Parasitic Cities and Endangered Ecosystems• Women’s Rights• Cold War Rivalries and Development
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Solutions
• Populism• One-party rule (or military)– Nasser in Egypt
• State intervention– India
• Religious Revivalism– Iran
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Asia
• Japan• Pacific Rim– Taiwan
• China• Vietnam
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Will break into the following groups • Eastern Europe after the fall of the soviet Union • India/Pakistan• Israel/Palestine• Balkans• Persian Gulf• Ethnic conflicts (Rwanda and Sudan)• Failed states (Somalia, Afghanistan, Sierra
Leone, Liberia)• Affect / characteristic of Globalization
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