AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
Transcript of AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
1/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 1
Ol pessoal,
Sejam bem-vindos ao curso de ingls preparatrio para o
concurso de Fiscal do Trabalho. Como j foi dito na aula demonstrativa,
apresentarei de forma organizada os tpicos gramaticais cobrados nas
provas recentes da ESAF com explicao objetiva em portugus, para
em seguida, apresentar as questes exemplificativas nas quais a ESAFcobrou a matria. Nesta primeira aula o foco ser tempos verbais.
Para facilitar a reviso, na parte final da aula est o quadro-
geral do vocabulrio-chave, os pontos gramaticais abordados e as
questes resolvidas na aula.
Bons estudos.
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
2/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 2
AULA 01 - TEMPOS VERBAIS
Na nossa aula demonstrativa apresentei um quadro-resumo
dos tempos verbais do ingls, o qual reproduzo abaixo para que
voc possa consult-lo durante a aula.
PRINCIPAIS TEMPOS VERBAIS
I supervisePresente
simplesAo presente, ao habitual.(Eu supervisiono)
I amsupervising
Presentecontnuo
Ao em progresso, temporrio.(Eu estou supervisionando)
I havesupervised
PresentePerfeito
A depender do contexto:
1. Ao acontecida em algum tempo ourepetidas vezes no passado, relacionadoao presente. (Eu supervisionei)2. Ao iniciada no passado e ainda noterminada. (Eu tenho supervisionado)
I wassupervising
PassadoContnuo
Ao em progresso em um determinadomomento no passado.(Eu estava supervisionando)
I hadsupervised Passado Perfeito
Ao passada ocorrida antes de outraao.(Eu tinha supervisionado)
I willFuturo Ao futura.
(Eu supervisionarei)
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
3/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 3
supervise
Agora, vamos ver cada um desses tempos verbais e como
eles so cobrados em prova:
PRESENTE SIMPLES E PRESENTE CONTNUO
O tempo verbal do ingls denominado Presente Simples
corresponde ao Presente do Indicativo da lngua portuguesa. Os verbos
no Presente Simples so empregados para indicar uma ao habitual,
que ocorre no momento em que enunciada. Normalmente aparece
aps expresses de tempo como when, as soon as, before e after.
Alguns advrbios de freqncia tambm funcionam como indicadores do
Presente Simples, tais como always, generally, seldom e often.
Afirmativa: Sujeito + Infinitivo. Para he, she, it o
verbo acrescido de s.
Negativa: Sujeito + Do/Does + Not + Verbo
principal no infinitivo (sem to). Para he, she, it usa-se
does; para you, they, we usa-se Do.
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
4/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 4
J o Presente Contnuo um tempo verbal que mostra
movimento, algo que est acontecendo. Uma ao que ocorre no
momento da construo da frase. Veja no quadro abaixo a estrutura
do presente simples e do presente contnuo:
PRESENTE SIMPLES (VERBO BE/HAVE)
I am/have (I am at work)
He
She is/has
It
You
We are/have
They
PRESENTE CONTNUO
I am + verbo + ing (I am working)
He
She is + verbo + ing
It
You
We are + verbo + ingThey
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
5/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 5
Agora veja uma questo em que aparece o presente simples:
DICA: Antes de ler o texto todo, no
perca tempo, v ao enunciado da
questo. Veja o que a Banca
Examinadora quer de voc.
Insolvencies/Guaranty Funds
Source: www.iii.org
Feb/ 2006 (Adapted)
1. The regulation of insurance company solvency is a
function of the state. The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Financial Services
Modernization Act of 1999, which allowed banks, securities firms,
insurance companies and other financial services entities to affiliate and
sell one anothers products, continues this practice. State regulators
monitor the financial health of companies licensed to provide insurance
in their state through analysis of the detailed annual financial
statements that insurers are required to file and periodic on-site
examinations. When a company is found to be in poor financial
condition, regulators can take various actions to try to save it.
Insolvencies do occur, however, despite the best efforts of regulators.
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
6/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 6
1. (ESAF/SUSEP/2006) According to the text, insolvencies do
occur, which means they
a) actually happen.
b) are undoubtedly preventable.
c) hardly take place.d) do not pose a threat.
e) used to be more frequent.
Comentrios:
O enunciado da questo j remete o leitor expresso
insolvencies do occur. S ser necessrio encontrar esta expresso
no texto. Vejamos a ltima frase do texto: ()Insolvencies do
occur, however, despite the best efforts of regulators. Agora as
palavras-chave e as alternativas de resposta:
PALAVRAS-CHAVE
insolvencies: insolvnciasoccur: ocorrer, acontecer
however: porm, no obstante
despite: apesar de
actually: efetivamente, de fato
happen: acontecer
undoubtedly: indubitavelmente
preventable: evitvel
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
7/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 7
hardly: dificilmentetake place: ocorrer
pose a threat: representar uma ameaa
used to be: costumava ser
a) actually happen.
A opo A est correta. Insolvencies do occur uma frase que
est no presente simples. O verbo occur que significa ocorrer, est
precedido de do que o verbo auxiliar do presente simples. Ora, mas
o auxiliar no usado para formar as interrogativas e negativas? Sim,
mas tambm usado para dar nfase, como no presente caso. Dizer
que Insolvencies do occur significa dizer que insolvncias
efetivamente acontecem. Actually significa de fato, efetivamente.
DO PARA DAR NFASE
Insolvencies dooccur = Insolvencies occur.
Do verbo auxiliar, usado em negativas e interrogativas no presente.
Doinsolvencies occur?
Insolvencies dont occur.Exemplos
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
8/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 8
b) are undoubtedlypreventable.A opo B est incorreta. Da leitura da frase Insolvencies do
occur, however, despite the best efforts of regulators. percebe-se que
apesar dos esforos dos reguladores (despite efforts), as insolvncias
efetivamente ocorrem. Logo, no se pode afirmar que insolvncia seja
indubitavelmente evitvel (preventable).
c) hardlytake place.A opo C est incorreta. O texto no diz que insolvncia
dificilmente (hardly) ocorre (take place), apenas afirma que ela
ocorre.
d) do not pose a threat.
A opo D est incorreta. Insolvencies do occur no quer dizer
que insolvncias no representam (do not pose) uma ameaa
(threat). Perceba que o enunciado da questo quer apenas o
significado da expresso, no quer sua interpretao para insolvncias,
se elas so ou no ameaas.
e) used to be more frequent.
A opo E est incorreta. A opo afirma que insolvncias
costumavam ser (used to be) mais freqentes. Esta frase est no
passado e o texto est no presente.
Logo, a resposta para esta questo a letra A.
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
9/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 9
Agora, novamente sem ler os textos, v direto para as prximas
pginas e veja duas questes em que aparece o presente contnuo:
Companies in the rich world are confronted with a
rapidly ageing workforce. Nearly one in three American
workers will be over 50 by 2012, and America is a youngcountry compared with Japan and Germany. China is also
ageing rapidly, thanks to its one-child policy. This means
that companies will have to learn how to manage older
workers better.
Most companies are remarkably ill-prepared. There
was a flicker of interest in the problem a few years ago but
it was snuffed out by the recession. The managementliterature on older workers is a mere molehill compared with
the mountain devoted to recruiting and retaining the young.
Companies are still stuck with an antiquated model for
dealing with ageing, which assumes that people should get
pay rises and promotions on the basis of age. They have
dealt with the burdens of this model by periodically
downsizing older workers or encouraging them to take
early retirement. This has created a dual labour market for
older workers, of cosseted insiders on the one hand and
unemployed or retired outsiders on the other.
But this model cannot last. The number of young
people, particularly those with valuable science and
engineering skills, is shrinking. And governments are raising
retirement ages and making it more difficult for companies
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
10/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 10
to shed older workers, in a desperate attempt to cope withtheir underfunded pension systems.
Feb 4th 2010 | From The Economist print edition
[adapted]
2. (ESAF/AFT/2010) The text suggests that the governments of
industrialized countries area) trying to stop companies dismissing older members of their
workforce.
b) refusing to employ younger workers because of their expensive
pensions.
c) cutting the retirement pensions of valuable workers on the basis of
age.
d) making desperate attempts to cope with an inefficient labour market.
e) regretting their generosity to workers who have taken early
retirement.
Comentrios:
a) trying to stop companies dismissing older members of their
workforce.
A opo A est correta. A questo trata da atuao dos governos
dos pases industrializados face ao problema da fora de trabalho
envelhecida. Esta alternativa afirma que os governos esto tentando
(are trying) impedir que empresas demitam os trabalhadores mais
velhos. Nesse sentido, analisando a frase And governments are
raising retirement ages and making it more difficult for companies to
shed older workers, in a desperate attempt to cope with their
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
11/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 11
underfunded pension systems. percebemos que exatamente isso oque o texto diz, que os governos esto dificultando que estes
trabalhadores sejam demitidos (making it more difficult for companies
to shed older workers). Logo, correta.
b) refusing to employ younger workers because of their
expensive pensions.
A opo B est incorreta. O texto no diz os governos estoevitando (refusing) empregar trabalhadores jovens. Logo, incorreta.
c) cutting the retirement pensions of valuable workers on the
basis of age.
A opo C est incorreta. A alternativa afirma que os governos
esto promovendo cortes nas penses dos trabalhadores (cutting) com
base no critrio de idade. No, observe que o texto fala em raising
retirement ages, ou seja, aumentar o limite de idade para a
aposentadoria, mas no cortar aposentadorias j efetivadas.
d) making desperate attempts to cope with an inefficient labour
market.
A opo D est incorreta. O item fala que o governo est fazendo
tentativas desesperadas (making desperate attempts) para lidar com
um mercado de trabalho ineficiente, enquanto o texto fala de tentativa
desesperada para lidar com o problema do financiamento do sistema de
penso.
e) regretting their generosity to workers who have taken early
retirement.
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
12/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 12
A opo E est incorreta.O texto no afirma que o governo estarrependido (regreting, regreted) de sua generosidade para com
aqueles que se aposentaram mais cedo.
VOCABULRIO-CHAVE
governments: governos
industrialized countries: pases industrializadosare trying: esto tentando
to stop: parar
companies: empresas
dismissing: demitindo
older: mais velhos
workforce: fora de trabalho
refusing: negando
to employ: empregar
younger workers: trabalhadores jovens
expensive pensions: penses caras
cutting: cortando
retirement: aposentadorias
valuable workers: trabalhadores ativos
age: idade
making: fazendo
attempts: enforos
inefficient: ineficiente
labour market: mercado de trabalho
Logo, a resposta para esta questo a letra A.
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
13/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 13
Faith-based politics
Source: Newsweek Magazine (Adapted)May 25th 2009
Tony Blair, Britains longest-serving Labour Prime Minister,
left office in 2007 as a relatively young man of 54. At his office in
London, Blair spoke to NEWSWEEKs Stryker McGuire. Excerpts:
Question 1: Theres much evidence that religious beliefs
have been a force for evil in the world. How do you
persuade people to put faith in faith?
Many people do see faith as a source of division and conflict.
There is another side that the world of faith isnt often good
enough at putting forward which is about compassion,
solidarity, social justice.
Question 2: How do you think President Barack Obama is
doing as a leader and healer on the world scene?
Hes created a situation where there is a possibility of a
completely different form of engagement with the world of Islam
and with the outside world. The single most important thing for
him is that his decision to reach out is answered by the rest of the
world by a decision to reach back. As I keep saying to people, he
doesnt want cheerleaders; he wants partners. You know, he
doesnt want people to tell him how great he is; hes perfectly
well aware of the transient nature of all that fluff, as it were,
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
14/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 14
around the new president and the first hundred days. Hes tryingto change the world in partnership, and he needs partners to do
it.
3. (ESAF/EPPGG/2009) In Mr Blairs view, President Barack
Obamaa) ought to have sought partnership.
b) wants to be approved and praised.
c) should consider building partnerships.
d) must prioritise some religious issues.
e) is seeking partnership.
Comentrios:
Na viso de Blair (in Blairs view), Barack Obama
a) ought to have sought partnership.
A opo A est incorreta. No texto, a palavra partnership
(parceria) aparece na frase: Hes trying to change the world in
partnership, and he needs partners to do it. Blair afirma, com isso,
que Obama est tentando mudar o mundo em parceria e no que
Obama deveria (ought to have sought) ter buscado parceira. A frase
no texto est no presente contnuo e da alternativa est no passado
(sought passado do verbo seek).
b) wants to be approved and praised.
A opo B est incorreta. Apesar da frase desta alternativa estar
no presente simples, Blair no diz que Obama quer (wants) ser
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
15/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 15
aprovado (approved) e elogiado (praised). Como vimos, a respostaest no texto na frase: Hes trying to change the world in
partnership, and he needs partners to do it.
c) should considerbuilding partnerships.
A opo C est incorreta. Blair afirma que Obama est tentandomudar o mundo em parceria e no que Obama deveria (should)
considerar construir parcerias.
d) must prioritise some religious issues.
A opo D est incorreta. Blair no diz que Obama deve (must)
priorizar questes religiosas (religious issues).
e) is seeking partnership.
A opo E est correta. No texto, Blair afirma que Obama est
tentando (is trying) mudar o mundo em parceria e a alternativa diz o
mesmo: Obama est buscando (is seeking) parcerias. Observe que
esta a nica alternativa que est, assim como a frase do texto, no
presente contnuo:
Hes trying to change the world in partnership
He is seeking partnership.
PRESENTE CONTNUO
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
16/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 16
amis + verbo + ING (Hestrying = He istrying)
are
VOCABULRIO-CHAVE
view: viso
ought: dever
sought: buscou, buscado, passado do verbo seek
partnership: parceria
want: querer
be approved: ser aprovado
praised: aplaudido, elogiado
should: deveria
consider: considerar
building partnerships: construir parcerias
must: dever, obrigao
prioritise: priorizar
religious issues: questes religiosas
seeking partnership: buscar parcerias
Logo, a resposta para esta questo a letra E.
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
17/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 17
PASSADO SIMPLES E PRESENTE PERFEITO
O Passado Simples o tempo verbal em ingls que equivale ao
pretrito perfeito do indicativo do portugus, indicando uma ao jconcluda. Os verbos em ingls so divididos entre regulares e
irregulares. Os regulares so conjugados da mesma maneira para todas
as pessoas, apenas com o acrscimo de ED para formao do passado.
Os irregulares tambm so conjugados da mesma maneira para todas
as pessoas quando esto no passado (com exceo do verbo be que
pode ser was ou were), mas no so formados apenas com o acrscimo
de ED (exemplos: write, wrote; have, had; be, was/were)
PASSADO VERBOS
REGULARES
ANNOUNCE (ANUNCIAR)
PASSADO VERBOS
IRREGULARES
THINK (PENSAR)
I announced I thought
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
18/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 18
HeShe announced
It
You
We announced
They
HeShe thought
It
You
We thought
They
PASSADO VERBOS
IRREGULARES
COME INTO FORCE
(ENTRAR EM VIGOR)
PASSADO VERBOS
IRREGULARES
BE
(SER, ESTAR)
I came (didnt come)
He
She came (didnt come)
It
You
We came (didnt come)
They
I was (wasnt)
He
She was (wasnt)
It
You
We were (werent)
They
Como vocs observaram, os verbos regulares recebem o
acrscimo de -ed ao infinitivo para formar o passado simples (simple
past) e o particpio passado (past participle). Nos verbos irregulares,
no h nenhum tipo de regra que estabelea como ser formado opassado. necessrio decorar o passado dos verbos irregulares mais
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
19/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 19
importantes, aqueles que realmente caem em prova, tais como o verbobe.
PASSADO DO VERBO BE (SER, ESTAR)
I was
He
She wasIt
You
We were
They
I wasnt
He
She wasntIt
You
We werent
They
Was I ?
He ..?
Was She.?It ?
You ?
Were We .?
They?
O Presente Perfeito o tempo verbal mais recorrente em provas
de concursos, portanto, ateno.
Este um tempo verbal que no tem um equivalente em
portugus. Normalmente, indica aes que ocorreram no passado e
perduram at o presente, aes de um passado indeterminado e aes
recentemente concludas.
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
20/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 20
composto por dois verbos: um auxiliar e outro principal. Oauxiliar o verbo have (no presente simples), ou seja: have (para: I,
you, we, they) ou has (para: he, she, it). O verbo principal sempre
deve estar no particpio (passado particpio).
So trs as situaes em que o Presente Perfeito pode aparecer:
a) Aes iniciadas que ocorreram em um tempo passado, sendoque suas conseqncias perduram at o tempo presente. Neste
caso, o Present Perfect geralmente utilizado com: since, for,
lately, recently, up to now;
b) Pode indicar aes passadas, em um tempo desconhecido,
indeterminado;
c) Em aes recentemente concludas o Present Perfect usado,
geralmente, com a palavra just.
Importante observar que o been pode ser usado ou no. Veja o
quadro abaixo:
PRESENTE PERFEITO
I have
He
She has
It + been + verbo passado (1)
You (dealt)We have + verbo no passado (2)
been(sido)
pode ser usadoou no.
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
21/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 21
They (dealt)
O USO DESSE TEMPO VERBAL (tanto no 1 quanto no 2 modelo) PODE TER DOISSIGNIFICADOS DIFERENTES:
Acontecido em algum momento indeterminado no passado (foram tratados).
Repetidas vezes no passado ou iniciado no passado e ainda no terminado (tem sido tratados).
Agora, vejamos questes que cobraram esses dois tempos
verbais:
Lembre-se de no ler o texto.
V direto para as questes
para s depois buscar as
palavras-chave no texto.
Companies in the rich world are confronted with a
rapidly ageing workforce. Nearly one in three American
workers will be over 50 by 2012, and America is a young
country compared with Japan and Germany. China is also
ageing rapidly, thanks to its one-child policy. This meansthat companies will have to learn how to manage older
workers better.
Most companies are remarkably ill-prepared. There
was a flicker of interest in the problem a few years ago but
it was snuffed out by the recession. The management
literature on older workers is a mere molehill compared with
the mountain devoted to recruiting and retaining the young.
Companies are still stuck with an antiquated model for
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
22/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 22
dealing with ageing, which assumes that people should getpay rises and promotions on the basis of age. They have
dealt with the burdens of this model by periodically
downsizing older workers or encouraging them to take
early retirement. This has created a dual labour market for
older workers, of cosseted insiders on the one hand and
unemployed or retired outsiders on the other.
But this model cannot last. The number of youngpeople, particularly those with valuable science and
engineering skills, is shrinking. And governments are raising
retirement ages and making it more difficult for companies
to shed older workers, in a desperate attempt to cope with
their underfunded pension systems.
Feb 4th 2010 | From The Economist print edition
[adapted]
4. (ESAF/AFT/2010) In paragraph 2, the author claims that the
recent economic recession has
a) awakened an interest in science and engineering among younger
workers.b) caused the number of young people seeking jobs in business to
increase.
c) extinguished what little interest firms had shown in how to manage
an older staff.
d) made a mountain of business management out of a managerial
molehill.
e) led many firms to dismiss older workers in their periodic staffreductions.
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
23/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 23
Comentrios:
Esta foi uma questo totalmente no Passado Simples.
a) awakened an interest in science and engineering among
younger workers.
A opo A est incorreta. A questo faz remisso ao pargrafo 2 e
recente recesso econmica. A alternativa afirma que a recesso
enfraqueceu (awakened, passado de awake, verbo regular) o interesse
em cincia e engenharia. Observe que no texto, especificamente na
frase There was a flicker of interest in the problem a few years ago but
it was snuffed out by the recession. no mencionado nada disso. A
frase fala em problema (fora de trabalho envelhecida) e que houve
interesse no problema at que ocorreu a recesso, que acabou com o
interesse no problema.
b) caused the number of young people seeking jobs in business
to increase.
A opo B est incorreta. O texto no diz que a recesso elevou a
procura dos jovens por empregos nas empresas. Pode at ser que isso
tenha acontecido, mas o texto no diz. O verbo caused passado decause. Observe que um verbo regular.
c) extinguished what little interest firms had shown in how to
manage an older staff.
A opo C est correta. A alternativa acompanha o texto ao
afirmar que a recesso extinguiu o interesse das firmas em como lidar
com funcionrios idosos (There was a flicker of interest in the problema few years ago but it was snuffed out by the recession.).
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
24/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 24
d) made a mountain of business management out of a
managerial molehill.
A opo D est incorreta. De acordo com a alternativa, a
recesso teria transformado (made, passado de make) uma montanha
de negcios em um pequeno monte, ou seja, teria reduzido os
negcios. O texto no diz isso.
e) led many firms to dismiss older workers in their periodic staffreductions.
A opo E est incorreta. A alternativa afirma que a recesso
levou (led, passado de lead) as empresas a demitir os trabalhadores
mais velhos. O texto no diz isso.
VOCABULRIO-CHAVE
awakened:acordou, passado do verbo awaken
caused: causou, passado do verbo cause
extinguished: extinguiu, passado do verbo extinguish
made: fez, passado do verbo make
led: levou, conduziu, passado do verbo lead
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
25/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 25
Logo, a resposta para esta questo a letra C.
Agora veja o Presente Perfeito em provas de concursos da ESAF:
Insolvencies/Guaranty Funds
Source: www.iii.org
Feb/ 2006 (Adapted)
1. The regulation of insurance company solvency is a
function of the state. The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Financial Services
Modernization Act of 1999, which allowed banks, securities firms,
insurance companies and other financial services entities to affiliate and
sell one anothers products, continues this practice. State regulators
monitor the financial health of companies licensed to provide insurance
in their state through analysis of the detailed annual financial
statements that insurers are required to file and periodic on-site
examinations. When a company is found to be in poor financial
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
26/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 26
condition, regulators can take various actions to try to save it.Insolvencies do occur, however, despite the best efforts of regulators.
5. (ESAF/SUSEP/2006) According to the text, the regulation of
insurance company solvency
a) should be in the states hands.
b) has been proposed by the private sector.
c) would have to be one of the states functions.
d) has not been within the scope of the state.
e) is clearly one of the states liabilities.
Comentrios:
No necessrio ler o texto todo para responder esta primeira
questo. Veja que o enunciado da questo trata da regulamentao da
solvncia das companhias de seguro. Agora leia a primeira frase do
texto:
The regulation ofinsurance company solvencyis a function of the
state.()
DICA: Quando se deparar com
palavras desconhecidas, no desista,
v em frente. Tente resolver a
questo lendo as alternativas e
tendo como foco outras palavras-
chave. No tenha medo de se
agarrar s palavras que paream
com o portugus.
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
27/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 27
PALAVRAS-CHAVE
regulation: regulamentao
insurance: seguro
company: companhia
solvency: solvncia, solvibilidade
function: funo
state: Estado
propose: proposto
should be: deveria ser
would have to be: deveria ser
scope: ambito, alada
clearly: claramente
states liabilities: responsabilidades de Estado
O que podemos extrair deste pargrafo, observando as palavras-
chave em destaque : A regulamentao da solvncia das companhias
de seguro funo do Estado. Vejamos as opes de resposta:
a) should be in the states hands.
A opo A est incorreta. O texto no diz que a funo de
regulamentar a solvncia deveria (should) estar nas mos do Estado e
sim que regulamentar funo do Estado.
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
28/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 28
IMPORTANTE
Should: poderia ou deveria
Ought: poderia ou deveria
Obrigao
Sugesto
Must: dever
Must not
Obrigao
Proibio
Have to: ter que fazer algo Obrigao
b) has been proposed by the private sector.
A opo B est incorreta. O texto no afirma que a
regulamentao foi proposta (has been proposed) pelo setor privado,
mas sim pelo Estado.
IMPORTANTE
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
29/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 29
PRESENT PERFECT
Regulation has been proposed. Regulation has been proposed since 2009.
AO PASSADA FINALIZADA AO QUE COMEOU E NO TERMINOU.
c) would have to be one of the states functions.
A opo C est incorreta. A opo diz que deveria ser uma das
funes do Estado. Observe que o texto afirma que a regulamentao
funo do Estado e no que deveria ser. ATENO: Would have to
be = should be = deveria ser.
d) has not been within the scope of the state.
A opo D est incorreta, pois o texto no nega (has not been)
que a regulamentao da solvncia das companhias de seguro seja
funo do Estado. Pelo contrrio, afirma que ela funo do Estado,
est no mbito ou alada (scope) do Estado.
e) is clearly one of the states liabilities.
A opo E est correta. Pode-se dizer que a regulamentao da
solvncia das companhias de seguro uma das funes do Estado (The
regulation of insurance company solvency is a function of the
state.).
HAVE/HAS+BEEN+VERBO NO PASSADO (PROPOSED)
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
30/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 30
Logo, a resposta para esta questo a letra E.
FUTURO
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
31/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 31
O futuro no ingls basicamente formado pelo verbo auxiliarwill. O will + verbo no infinitivo usado para expressar ao futura,
que pode tambm ser identificada pela expresses:
Tomorrow amanh
The day after tomorrow depois de amanh
Next week prxima semana
Next weekend prximo final de semana
Next month prximo ms
Next year prximo ano
FUTURO
I
He
She
It will + verbo infinitive (I will work tomorrow Eu trabalhareiYou amanh)
We
They
Vale lembrar que o futuro tambm feito com a expresso
going to. Be going to uma estrutura que pode ser usada para
falarmos de planos futuros de forma informal.
Going to enfatiza a idia de inteno, de uma deciso que j foi
tomada. Ex.: Mark is going to cross Ireland.
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
32/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 32
His friends are going to help him. (Marcos ir atravessar a Irlanda.Seus amigos iro ajud-lo).
Agora vejamos uma questo de prova:
The long climbSource: www.economist.com
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
33/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 33
st Oct, 2009 (Adapted)1. The world economy is fitfully getting back to normal,
but it will be a new normal. This phrase has caught on, even if
people disagree about what it means. In the new normal, as
defined by Pimcos CEO, Mohamed El-Erian, growth will be
subdued and unemployment will remain high. The banking
system will be a shadow of its former self, and the securitization
markets, which buy and sell marketable bundles of debt, will
presumably be a shadow of a shadow. Finance will be costlier and
investment weak, so the stock of physical capital, on which
prosperity depends, will erode.
2. The crisis invited a forceful government entry into
several of capitalisms inner sanctums, such as banking,
American carmaking and the commercial-paper market. Mr El-
Erian worries that the state may overstay its welcome. In
addition, national exchequers may start to feel some measure of
the fiscal strain now hobbling California. Americas Treasury, in
particular, must demonstrate that it is still a responsible
shepherd of other countries savings.
6. (ESAF/ AFRFB/2009) In paragraph 1, growth in the new order is
defined asa) both real and active.
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
34/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 34
b) absolutely extraordinary.c) not very active or busy.
d) sustainable and rapid.
e) unpredictable.
Comentrios:
A questo nos remete ao Pargrafo 1 e expresso growth in
the new order. Voc dever escolher a opo que mais se assemelha
definio de growth in the new order dada pelo texto.
Vejamos como o texto trata do assunto:
The world economy is fitfullygetting back to normal, but it
will be a new normal. This phrase has caught on, even if people
disagree about what it means. In the new normal, as defined by
Pimcos CEO, Mohamed El-Erian, growth will be subdued and
unemployment will remain high.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE
growth: crescimento
new order: nova ordem
world economy: economia mundial
getting back to normal: voltando ao normal
will be: futuro do verbo be (ser) - ser
subdued: passado do verbo subdue (reduzir) reduzido, reduziu
unemployment: desemprego
will remain: futuro do verbo remain (continuar) -continur
high: alto
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
35/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 35
Qual a opo que mais retrata o crescimento econmico (growth) nanova ordem mundial:
a) both real and active.
A opo A est incorreta. A alternativa caracteriza a nova ordem
como real e active (ativa, rpida, vigorosa). A definio positiva e
est errada. Veja que o texto fala em alto desemprego (high
unemployment)e crescimento reduzido (subdued).
b) absolutely extraordinary.
A opo B est incorreta. Assim como a alternativa a, a
alternativa b traz uma definio positiva da nova ordem:
absolutamente extraordinria (absolutely extraordinary).
c) not very active or busy.
A opo C est correta. O texto define o crescimento na nova
ordem como: (...) growth will besubdued and unemployment
will remain high.Temos aqui que o crescimento ser reduzido e
desemprego continuar alto, logo, pode-se dizer que o crescimento no
ser muito vigoroso, ativo (active, busy).
d) sustainable and rapid.
A opo D est incorreta. Aqui a definio de crescimento tambm
positiva, sustainable e rapid (sustentvel e rpido).
e) unpredictable.
A opo E est incorreta. O texto no diz que o crescimento na
nova ordem mundial inprevisvel (unpredictable).
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
36/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 36
DICA: Apenas na alternativa c,
resposta para a questo, foi
apresentada uma definio negativa
para o crescimento na nova ordem
mundial. Mesmo sem saber a
definio de subdued daria para
acertar a questo.
Logo, a resposta para esta questo a letra C.
FUTURO DO PRETRITO
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
37/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 37
EPRETRITO MAIS-QUE-PERFEITO DO SUBJUNTIVO
Os tempos verbais do futuro do pretrito e do pretrito mais-que-
perfeito so formados em ingls com o uso do would, um verbo
auxiliar. Veja o quadro abaixo:
WOULD
WOULD PROVOKE (provocaria) WOULD + VERBO PRESENTE
WOULD WORSEN (pioraria)
WOULD HAVE PROVOKED (teria provocado)
Equivale aos nossos tempos verbais do futuro do pretrito (ex: "Eu iria"
fica "I would go") e do pretrito mais-que-perfeito do subjuntivo ("Eu
teria ido" fica "I would have gone")
Agora, uma questo de prova para vocs ficarem afiados:
7. (ESAF/IPEA/2004)Os ltimos indicadores de atividades tm sido
mais favorveis.a) Have been more sensible.
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
38/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 38
b) Had been more optimistic.c) Would be absolutely gloomy.
d) Have been more favourable.
e) Will be less pessimistic.
Comentrios:
A questo exige que o candidato conhea quase todos os tempos
verbais em ingls.
As alternativas a e d esto no presente perfeito:
a) Have been more sensible. (tm sido mais perceptveis)
d) Have been more favourable. (tm sido mais favorveis)
A alternativa b est no passado perfeito:
b) Had been more optimistic. (tinham sido mais otimistas)
A alternativa c est no pretrito mais-que-perfeito:
c) Would be absolutely gloomy. (seriam absolutamente
sombrios)
A alternativa e est no futuro:
e) Will be less pessimistic. (sero menos pessimistas)
PALAVRAS-CHAVE
GDP (Gross Domestic Product): PIB (Produto Interno Bruto)
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
39/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 39
fell: caiu (passado do verbo fall)went up: subiu, aumentou (passado do verbo go up)
prevented: impedido, evitado (passado do verbo prevent)
increasing: aumento
recession: recesso
remained: mantido (passado do verbo remain)
less: menos, mnimo, inferior
severe: severo, rigorosokept: mantido (passado do verbo keep)
deepening: aprofundando
continued: continuou (passado do verbo continue)
lower: abaixar, diminuir
fought: combateu (passado do verbo fight)
sensible: perceptvel
optimistic: otimista
absolutely: absolutamente
gloomy: pessimista
favourable: favorvel
less: menos
pessimistic: pessimista
Logo, a resposta para esta questo a letra D.
While Rome burnsSource: www.economist.co.uk
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
40/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 40
Sep 25th, 2008 (Adapted)
1. American plans to buy up assets that are clogging the
financial system lack detail but no one doubts that a massive
government intervention is coming. In Europe jittery investors
have no such reassurance. European governments have yet to
respond publicly to calls from Hank Paulson, the treasurysecretary, to follow his lead. They look set to keep faith with the
approach that they have used to handle the crisis so far staving
off liquidity worries by allowing banks to use facilities at central
banks to swap their assets in exchange for ready cash.
2. That makes many watchers nervous. The crisis in
America has dramatically grown from one of liquidity to one of
solvency as well. Lehman Brothers had access to the Federal
Reserves discount window, after all, but still went under. The
burning question now is whether banks have enough capital. On
some measures, European banks look pretty well capitalized. The
average tier-one ratio, which measures capital based on the
riskiness of bank assets, stood at 8% in the first half of the year.
That looks solid enough, if you assume that banks have a good
handle on risk.
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
41/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 41
8. (ESAF/ STN/2008) In paragraph 1, the author refers to amassive government intervention which
a) would worsen the scenario.
b) is presently out of the question.
c) would provoke constraints.
d) is certainly on the way.
e) seems highly questionable.
Comentrios:
No pargrafo 1, o autor se refere (refers) interveno
governamental massiva (massive government intervention) que
est se aproximando, chegando (is coming).
() a massive government interventionis coming.
a) would worsen the scenario.
A opo A est incorreta. A alternativa afirma que a interveno
governamental pioraria (would worsen) o cenrio. O texto no diz
isso.
b) is presently out of the question.
A opo B est incorreta. Enquanto o texto diz que a interveno
governamental massiva (massive government intervention) est se
aproximando (in coming), aqui est sendo afirmado que a interveno
governamental est fora de questo (out of the question).
c) would provoke constraints.
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
42/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 42
A opo C est incorreta. O texto no diz que a intervenoprovocaria (would provoke) constrangimento (constraints).
d) is certainly on the way.
A opo D est correta. A interveno certamente est a
caminho (on the way) o mesmo que dizer a interveno est se
aproximando (in coming)
e) seems highly questionable.
A opo E est incorreta. No h no texto qualquer indicao de
que a interveno parece (seems) altamente questionvel, duvidosa
(questionable).
VOCABULRIO-CHAVE
refer: referir-se
massive: massiva/o
government intervention: interveno
would worsen: pioraria
scenario: cenrio
presently: agora, logo
out of the question: fora de questo
would provoke: provocaria
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
43/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 43
constraints: constrangimentocertainly: certamente, seguramente
on the way: a caminho
seem: parecer
highly: altamente
questionable: questionvel
Logo, a resposta para esta questo a letra D.
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
44/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 44
REVISO DO VOCABULRIO-CHAVE
A partir deste momento vamos revisar a aula por meio do quadro
do vocabulrio-chave.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE
insolvencies: insolvncias
occur: ocorrer, acontecer
however: porm, no obstantedespite: apesar de
actually: efetivamente, de fato
happen: acontecer
undoubtedly: indubitavelmente
preventable: evitvel
hardly: dificilmente
take place: ocorrerpose a threat: representar uma ameaa
used to be: costumava ser
governments: governos
industrialized countries: pases industrializados
are trying: esto tentando
to stop: parar
companies: empresasdismissing: demitindo
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
45/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 45
older: mais velhosworkforce: fora de trabalho
refusing: negando
to employ: empregar
younger workers: trabalhadores jovens
expensive pensions: penses caras
cutting: cortando
retirement: aposentadoriasvaluable workers: trabalhadores ativos
age: idade
making: fazendo
attempts: enforos
inefficient: ineficiente
labour market: mercado de trabalho
view: viso
ought: dever
sought: buscou, buscado, passado do verbo seek
partnership: parceria
want: querer
be approved: ser aprovado
praised: aplaudido, elogiado
should: deveria
consider: considerar
building partnerships: construir parcerias
must: dever, obrigao
prioritise: priorizar
religious issues: questes religiosas
seeking partnership: buscar parcerias
awakened:acordou, passado do verbo awaken
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
46/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 46
caused: causou, passado do verbo causeextinguished: extinguiu, passado do verbo extinguish
made: fez, passado do verbo make
led: levou, conduziu, passado do verbo lead
regulation: regulamentao
insurance: seguro
company: companhia
solvency: solvncia, solvibilidadefunction: funo
state: Estado
propose: proposto
should be: deveria ser
would have to be: deveria ser
scope: mbito, alada
clearly: claramente
states liabilities: responsabilidades de Estado
growth: crescimento
new order: nova ordem
world economy: economia mundial
getting back to normal: voltando ao normal
will be: futuro do verbo be (ser) - ser
subdued: passado do verbo subdue (reduzir) reduzido, reduziu
unemployment: desemprego
will remain: futuro do verbo remain (continuar) - continur
high: alto
GDP (Gross Domestic Product): PIB (Produto Interno Bruto)
fell: caiu (passado do verbo fall)
went up: subiu, aumentou (passado do verbo go up)
prevented: impedido, evitado (passado do verbo prevent)
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
47/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 47
increasing: aumentorecession: recesso
remained: mantido (passado do verbo remain)
less: menos, mnimo, inferior
severe: severo, rigoroso
kept: mantido (passado do verbo keep)
deepening: aprofundando
continued: continuou (passado do verbo continue)lower: abaixar, diminuir
fought: combateu (passado do verbo fight)
sensible: perceptvel
optimistic: otimista
absolutely: absolutamente
gloomy: pessimista
favourable: favorvel
less: menos
pessimistic: pessimista
refer: referir-se
massive: massiva/o
government intervention: interveno
would worsen: pioraria
scenario: cenrio
presently: agora, logo
out of the question: fora de questo
would provoke: provocaria
constraints: constrangimento
certainly: certamente, seguramente
on the way: a caminho
seem: parecer
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
48/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 48
highly: altamentequestionable: questionvel
QUESTES DA AULA
Insolvencies/Guaranty Funds
Source: www.iii.org
Feb/ 2006 (Adapted)
1. The regulation of insurance company solvency is a function of
the state. The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Financial Services Modernization Act
of 1999, which allowed banks, securities firms, insurance companies and
other financial services entities to affiliate and sell one anothers
products, continues this practice. State regulators monitor the financial
health of companies licensed to provide insurance in their state through
analysis of the detailed annual financial statements that insurers are
required to file and periodic on-site examinations. When a company is
found to be in poor financial condition, regulators can take various
actions to try to save it. Insolvencies do occur, however, despite the
best efforts of regulators.
1. (ESAF/SUSEP/2006) According to the text, insolvencies do
occur, which means they
a) actually happen.
b) are undoubtedly preventable.
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
49/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 49
c) hardly take place.d) do not pose a threat.
e) used to be more frequent.
Companies in the rich world are confronted with a rapidly
ageing workforce. Nearly one in three American workers will be over 50by 2012, and America is a young country compared with Japan and
Germany. China is also ageing rapidly, thanks to its one-child policy.
This means that companies will have to learn how to manage older
workers better.
Most companies are remarkably ill-prepared. There was a
flicker of interest in the problem a few years ago but it was snuffed out
by the recession. The management literature on older workers is a
mere molehill compared with the mountain devoted to recruiting and
retaining the young. Companies are still stuck with an antiquated model
for dealing with ageing, which assumes that people should get pay rises
and promotions on the basis of age. They have dealt with the burdens
of this model by periodically downsizing older workers or encouraging
them to take early retirement. This has created a dual labour market
for older workers, of cosseted insiders on the one hand and
unemployed or retired outsiders on the other.
But this model cannot last. The number of young people,
particularly those with valuable science and engineering skills, is
shrinking. And governments are raising retirement ages and making it
more difficult for companies to shed older workers, in a desperate
attempt to cope with their underfunded pension systems.Feb 4th 2010 | From The Economist print edition
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
50/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 50
[adapted]
2. (ESAF/AFT/2010) The text suggests that the governments ofindustrialized countries are
a) trying to stop companies dismissing older members of their
workforce.
b) refusing to employ younger workers because of their expensive
pensions.
c) cutting the retirement pensions of valuable workers on the basis of
age.
d) making desperate attempts to cope with an inefficient labour market.
e) regretting their generosity to workers who have taken early
retirement.
Faith-based politics
Source: Newsweek Magazine (Adapted)
May 25th 2009
Tony Blair, Britains longest-serving Labour Prime Minister, left
office in 2007 as a relatively young man of 54. At his office in London,
Blair spoke to NEWSWEEKs Stryker McGuire. Excerpts:Question 1: Theres much evidence that religious beliefs have
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
51/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 51
been a force for evil in the world. How do you persuade peopleto put faith in faith?
Many people do see faith as a source of division and conflict. There is
another side that the world of faith isnt often good enough at putting
forward which is about compassion, solidarity, social justice.
Question 2: How do you think President Barack Obama is doing
as a leader and healer on the world scene?
Hes created a situation where there is a possibility of a completelydifferent form of engagement with the world of Islam and with the
outside world. The single most important thing for him is that his
decision to reach out is answered by the rest of the world by a decision
to reach back. As I keep saying to people, he doesnt want
cheerleaders; he wants partners. You know, he doesnt want people to
tell him how great he is; hes perfectly well aware of the transient
nature of all that fluff, as it were, around the new president and the first
hundred days. Hes trying to change the world in partnership, and he
needs partners to do it.
3. (ESAF/EPPGG/2009) In Mr Blairs view, President BarackObama
a) ought to have sought partnership.
b) wants to be approved and praised.
c) should consider building partnerships.
d) must prioritise some religious issues.
e) is seeking partnership.
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
52/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 52
Companies in the rich world are confronted with a rapidly
ageing workforce. Nearly one in three American workers will be over 50
by 2012, and America is a young country compared with Japan and
Germany. China is also ageing rapidly, thanks to its one-child policy.
This means that companies will have to learn how to manage older
workers better.
Most companies are remarkably ill-prepared. There was a
flicker of interest in the problem a few years ago but it was snuffed out
by the recession. The management literature on older workers is a
mere molehill compared with the mountain devoted to recruiting and
retaining the young. Companies are still stuck with an antiquated model
for dealing with ageing, which assumes that people should get pay rises
and promotions on the basis of age. They have dealt with the burdens
of this model by periodically downsizing older workers or encouraging
them to take early retirement. This has created a dual labour market
for older workers, of cosseted insiders on the one hand and
unemployed or retired outsiders on the other.But this model cannot last. The number of young people,
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
53/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 53
particularly those with valuable science and engineering skills, isshrinking. And governments are raising retirement ages and making it
more difficult for companies to shed older workers, in a desperate
attempt to cope with their underfunded pension systems.
Feb 4th 2010 | From The Economist print edition
[adapted]
4. (ESAF/AFT/2010) In paragraph 2, the author claims that the
recent economic recession has
a) awakened an interest in science and engineering among younger
workers.
b) caused the number of young people seeking jobs in business to
increase.
c) extinguished what little interest firms had shown in how to manage
an older staff.
d) made a mountain of business management out of a managerial
molehill.e) led many firms to dismiss older workers in their periodic staff
reductions.
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
54/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 54
Insolvencies/Guaranty Funds
Source: www.iii.org
Feb/ 2006 (Adapted)
1. The regulation of insurance company solvency is a function of
the state. The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Financial Services Modernization Act
of 1999, which allowed banks, securities firms, insurance companies and
other financial services entities to affiliate and sell one anothers
products, continues this practice. State regulators monitor the financial
health of companies licensed to provide insurance in their state through
analysis of the detailed annual financial statements that insurers are
required to file and periodic on-site examinations. When a company is
found to be in poor financial condition, regulators can take various
actions to try to save it. Insolvencies do occur, however, despite the
best efforts of regulators.
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
55/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 55
5. (ESAF/SUSEP/2006) According to the text, the regulation ofinsurance company solvency
a) should be in the states hands.
b) has been proposed by the private sector.
c) would have to be one of the states functions.
d) has not been within the scope of the state.
e) is clearly one of the states liabilities.
The long climb
Source: www.economist.comst Oct, 2009 (Adapted)
1. The world economy is fitfully getting back to normal, but it
will be a new normal. This phrase has caught on, even if people
disagree about what it means. In the new normal, as defined by
Pimcos CEO, Mohamed El-Erian, growth will be subdued and
unemployment will remain high. The banking system will be a shadow
of its former self, and the securitization markets, which buy and sell
marketable bundles of debt, will presumably be a shadow of a shadow.
Finance will be costlier and investment weak, so the stock of physical
capital, on which prosperity depends, will erode.
2. The crisis invited a forceful government entry into several of
capitalisms inner sanctums, such as banking, American carmaking and
the commercial-paper market. Mr El-Erian worries that the state may
overstay its welcome. In addition, national exchequers may start to feel
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
56/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 56
some measure of the fiscal strain now hobbling California. AmericasTreasury, in particular, must demonstrate that it is still a responsible
shepherd of other countries savings.
6. (ESAF/ AFRFB/2009) In paragraph 1, growth in the new order is
defined as
a) both real and active.
b) absolutely extraordinary.
c) not very active or busy.
d) sustainable and rapid.
e) unpredictable
7. (ESAF/IPEA/2004)Os ltimos indicadores de atividades tm sido
mais favorveis.
a) Have been more sensible.
b) Had been more optimistic.c) Would be absolutely gloomy.
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
57/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 57
d) Have been more favourable.e) Will be less pessimistic.
While Rome burnsSource: www.economist.co.uk
Sep 25th, 2008 (Adapted)
1. American plans to buy up assets that are clogging the
financial system lack detail but no one doubts that a massive
government intervention is coming. In Europe jittery investors have no
such reassurance. European governments have yet to respond publicly
to calls from Hank Paulson, the treasury secretary, to follow his lead.They look set to keep faith with the approach that they have used to
handle the crisis so far staving off liquidity worries by allowing banks
to use facilities at central banks to swap their assets in exchange for
ready cash.
2. That makes many watchers nervous. The crisis in America
has dramatically grown from one of liquidity to one of solvency as well.
Lehman Brothers had access to the Federal Reserves discount window,
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
58/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 58
after all, but still went under. The burning question now is whetherbanks have enough capital. On some measures, European banks look
pretty well capitalized. The average tier-one ratio, which measures
capital based on the riskiness of bank assets, stood at 8% in the first
half of the year. That looks solid enough, if you assume that banks have
a good handle on risk.
8. (ESAF/ STN/2008) In paragraph 1, the author refers to a massive
government intervention which
a) would worsen the scenario.
b) is presently out of the question.
c) would provoke constraints.
d) is certainly on the way.
e) seems highly questionable.
-
7/27/2019 AFT II Ingles T2 Alineandrade Aula 01
59/59
CURSO ON LINECURSO DE INGLS AFTTEORIA E EXERCCIOS
AULA 01
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
GABARITO
1-A 2-A 3-E 4-C 5-E
6-C 7-D 8-D