AFFECTIVE DISORDERS

From of psychosis characterized by the charge in mood & behavior.

CNS SITES LINKED WITH MOOD & BEHAVIORS.LIMBIC SYSTEM.Hypothalamus.Ant. Thalamic nuclei. Rich inSingular gyros. Monoamines.HippocampusAmygdale & septum.2. MAMILLARY BODY.For nix.

AFFECTIVE DISORDERS INCLUDE;MANIA:

Opposite of depression, exceberance & enthusiasm. Rapid flow of though Talkativeness. Ed self confidence. Hyperactivity & improved judgment.b) Depression:

Manifested by:-*Vague somatic symptoms (Aches & pains)* General feelings of misery, Apathy, hopelessness & despaired.* Intense feelings of sadness.* Inability to experience please urine usual activities.Psycho mooted showing, retardation.

Feeling of guilt & inadequacy. Disturbance of body system of sleeps hunger & appetite. & Indecisiveness. Inductiveness. Anxiety & agitation. Loss of libido & sexual drive.

INCIDENCE. Most common psychiatric disorders. Hereditary link. 5-6 of population at a given moment. 10% may suffers during thert lifetime.TYPES OF DEPRESSION:a) Uni- Polar. Do not swing in to bout of mania Hereditary link. Specific genes have been identified.I RECTIVE DEPRESION (SECOBDARY OR NEUROTIC).

Most common type. 60% of all depression. Exaggerated & distorted response to depressing circumstance.

Common precipitations. Factors R. Adveese life events loss, grief etc. Physical illness self or relatives. Drughs (Anti- HTN, alcohol, hormones) Others psychiatric disorders. Women are affected more than men. Incidence es with age.

ii. ENDOGENOUS (Major,)Melancholic depression.

25% of all & 1-2 of populationResult of genetically determined biochemical disorders.Inability to cope with ordinary strees.Usually start in early adulthood but may affect any age gp.Affect both sexes equallyPrecipitated by ordinary life eventsUsually associated with bipolar.

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY.

Monoaminbe (biogentic amine recory):

Ist proposed by schild kraut in 1965 functional deficit of NA &/or 5ht at certain sites of brain.Drughs:-

Potentate activity of NA. DA/or 5.HT directly or indirectly.a) Points in favor.Deughs TCA & MAO inhibitors armine transmission.Rescipine cause depression..

b) Poinks Against. Amphetamine & cocaine amine tramnsmission but have no

antidepressant effect. Anti depressant eff is late & does not correspond to transmission. Some anti depressants have no action on amine transmission. Several studies show biochemical changes in depression which are

similar to mamia.Latest ViewMania Fxnal ExcessERIC HASELINS.

Have you ever experience any of the sympatoms every or nearly every day in 2 weeks period. Difficulity in cons. Loss of interest in activities you normally enjoys. Changes in apetite and wt. Insomnia or oversleeping. Feeling of sadness. Physical showing. Agitation or Anxiety. Presistent thoughts of death or suicide.More than 5 years means.

You had a mazjor depreisvie epoisdie & potential cnadiatres for RX.If depression strikes to you or someone close to you Good new.Medication & psychotherapy more than 80% effective as RX.

ANTI DEPRESSANTS (THYMOEPETICS.)

A. Amine uptake Inhibitors: (Non selctive) Tricyclics (Ist genecation antidepresants)

a) Dibenzapine gp. Imipramine for nocturial enuresis class I a for anythomia. Dessipraminbe.

Inimepramine. Clomipramine. Iofepramine.

B) Dibenzocycloptane gp.* Amitriptyline.* Nortiriptycine.* Protriptycine.* Butriptyline.

C) Other tricyclics. (Not used now, for peptic ulcer previuously.* Doxepin* Dotherpin.

2. HETERO CYCLICS. (2ND GENERFATION).* Amoxapine.* Maprotiline (tetrfacyclic)* Bupropion.Trazodone (More prominent effeit on 5HT reuptake.)3 THIRD GENERATION DRUGHS:Venla faxineDuloxetine.Nefazodone.

Selective NA reuptake inhibitors.

Reboxitine.DesipramineNortripthyliner.Maprotilaine.4). SELECTIVER SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INNIBITORS. (SSRI)

Flurxatine.ParoxetineSertaline.Fluroxamine.CitalopramEscitaloprin.

B. ATYPICAL (AGENTS)

Mianserin (No effect on Amines)Iprindole.

MAO INHIBITORS

Inhibit crptcike pump of amine NT by competition with carrier of memb transport system some TCA NT release by. Pre- synaptic blockade.More effect on NA & 5htMuch less effect on DAWhich effect is morer prominenet?Not clear.But.Imp0rovement of mood 5ht psychotomotor stimulation & motor activity NA recept blockade X-adr X2Inhibit release blockade release.Histaminegic.MuscarnicDown regulartion:-Effect non NT is manifested 2 hrs. but antidepressant eff 2 weeks.So not sos use.So, it goes against biogenic amine theory.

POST SYNAPTIC EFFECT (ADAPTIRC CHANGES)

As a result of cone of NT at synaptic site post syhnaptic & receptor effects are:i. CAMPii. Down regulation of X2 receptors.iii. Down regulation of B- receptorsiv. Activity of SHT receptors with SSR.Seen with.

Selective NA reuptate.Both NA & SHT blockMAO I block..ECTTo a leser extent withSSRIX2 antaganistB-against.

Even after ECT these occur and they remain stopped.Time couse of these alterones in recap fxn (adaptive changes). Correspond more with clinical improvement.

Actions: Of TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPESSANTS.

1cns;Normal inclividual.No. CNS stimulationbNo mood elevation.Sedation & confusion so no addiction potention.Motor in coordination esp.Skilled performanceInstead they depress themnsels.b/c they actually depress the depressive idealization idisinhibitory. Effect.Per antiniuscacinicPer suympathomirretic specific on CVS.Anti depression effect.Mood election.Mental alertness.Physical activityImproved sleepAnxiety agitation & apathy.

Phacmacokinetics.

Rapidly obsorbed vaciable.Like phenothiazines. Buthyrophonones. Halopecidol etc.Ist pass effect vacialble B.A.Protein binding 90-95%Extravascrilas tissue bnding largeVolume of distribution 10-50 kgHigh clipid solubility

Metabolism N-demthylation active GlucronidatiRing hydroxylation active. Oxidation

Clearance mostly hepatic.Clinical uses of tri cyclic antidepcessants

None of antidepressants are CNS

Stirmulatory.

Not useful in drugs inducedCNS depression.

1. Depression SP endogenous only 2/3 pts respond2. Bipolar with Li3. Psychotic depression with anti psychotics or amoxapine.4. Obsersive compulsive disorders

SSRI clomipramine. Both anti depressant & antipsychotic effect5. Enuccesis Imipramine but risk of caediotoxicity.

6.Acute panic symptoms imipramine butBenzodiaq z Preferred.

7. Cata plexy associated with narrolepsy loss of tone.8. Chonic pain syndrome tricyclicse.g. like migraine.

14 Sleep aprea also used amine thyuine.15. Fibromyeilgia & promyalgiaIBS also in depression so antidepression mixed with other peptic ulcer. Doxepin.

A/E TEICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANTS.1. CNS:- Secation CH1 block

Max Amitriptyline & doxpinMin protriptyline.Convnlsions aggravation of epilepsy or seizure threshold. In low doses:Tolecasnce after few wks.In high doses themselves cause convulsion.2) Anticholinergic:More with Amitryptline.Dry mouth difficulty in chewing swelling.Bhusing of vision.Aggrevation of glansomaInhibition of gut & blodderTacchycardia arrythmias.

2. CVS:3. Postur/ hypotensionReflex HRCardia conanction difectsCardiac assythmics may lead to MT

Symp activity.b/c B-recep, are not blocked.

4) Metabolic & encdocrine:WT gain & sexual distue bancesAppetite pactiallyBy & blockade libido in made.DRUG INTERACTIONS.

1. Protein binding so displaccd aspirin, phentyl butazone so, free once of this drugh and as they are low safety margin drughs so toxicity.

2. Alcohol (NS depressants, anasesthetics. Opiods, barbiturates, they will pllentiate their depressant effect.

3. Block antity pertensdive effect of gannethin methyldopa. Clonidine.B/C their carried for entesing neucon is blocked.It entries the neown by reuptake which is blocked.It entries the Newton by reuptake which blocked.Clonidine is clonidine as x2 are blocked and down regulated so its eff.4. Hepatic metabolism of TCA competitively inhibited by some stecoids,

neuroleptics b/c they are also mety by some cyp 450 microsomal enzymes.

5. MAO Inhibition Mutual potwentiation they are breakdown of NJ in the stored from TC release so, both pokntiate each other effect.

Anti conorinergic.Anti- Convulsives asntagonismb/c TCA conirulsive threshold.Directly acting sympatha mimetics.Potentiation.ICA are post syneptic.Conoluction.Indriectly effect.B/C ICA their entry into neve terminal.Precaution.Cartdiac arrythimias.Epilespsy.Glaucoma.CI.TCA POISNING:Frequenct method for attempted suicide so, drughs are given to relatives.SYSMPTOMS:

CNS: initial excitement, delirium N.M imitability, jcomulsion, followed by coma shock resp depress & acidosis.ATROPINE LIKE EFFECT.Flusining ,dryness of mouks & skin.Hypespyrexia.Inhibition of gut & bladder.CARDIAC:Atrial & venticulkar fibrillation.Ventriculars, fibrillation, sudden death.TREATMENTNO specific antidote so, symptomatic therapy.Physostigmine for CNS effect.For accythmiasLidosaine.Phenytion.Propranorl.Electric pacing.IN NAHCO3 KCLDialysis to remove fromTissues+ supportive therapy.OTHERAMINE UPTAKE BLOCKERS:MAPROTILINE.2ND generation TCA.Selective NE uptake blockFew seda & anti cholinesgic effective.Longer acting +1/2 40 hrs.

A/EScizeure threshold.Allergic reaction.Mayt be even anaphylaxis.

NAMIFENSINE.NA & DA uptake blockerNO effect on sitNO sedation.NO atropine like effect.No post hypotension.NO cardiotoxicitySafe in over dose.

Short acting BD doses.

A/EBehgaviousal strimulation restlessnessInsominaDyskinesaAllergic RXNA

AMOXAPINE.2nd generation.Methaboltic of loxapine (Anti posychotic)Inhibition uptake of NA SHT & DA.

Sedative.Anti muscaeinicHas some DA antagonistic effect. CNS effect.

BUROPION.

Alters NA output.Resemble to amphetamine skilkled activity.Block uptake of DA by occupying 25% pump in brainMaqy canse seizures.

VENLA FEXINE:Inhibits uptake of NA SHT (+++)& DA (++)No sedationNo sedationNot antimuscairnicBehave like SSRI in low doses.MIRTAZEPINES:

X2 5HT2 5HT3 BLOCKESPotent H1 blokersWT gain appetiteUseful in pts who do not respond well to sssriATYPICAL AGENTS.

1.MICMSECIN:

A TETRACY6CLIC COMP.No effect on amine uptakeInhibit presymaptic x2 recorptorIntribit SHT, H1 receptors No Cardiotoxicity.

A/E.

Sedation, sizurces, Hy7per- Sensitivity RXN

IPRINDOL:

No effect on amine uptaskeNo side effect.MOA hot knows.

MONOAMINE OXIDASE:-

MAO Mitoctondrtial enzDISTRIBUTIONS:

Neural tissue.All others tissue including gut & lives here destrong ingested indirectly acting mono amines e.g in cough syrup etc.

FUNCTIONS.Oxidative deamination of safety value function in neuron jhust like in gut & lives.Inactrvtion endogenous & ingested amines (Tyramine.)

Here it degrades any NT entering newon outsides the vesides.

TYPES & SELECTIVITY:

TYPE-APreferred substrate NA & 5HTSelective inhibitor clorgyline moclobarinde.Type- BPrefessed substrate- Ptienylethanine. Benzylamin. Dopamine.

Selective inhibition selegilloneRasagelline.

Non- Specific substrfate of both enz.

Tyr amine, phenyle propylamine.

Non specific inhibitors of both enz.PargylineTranylycpromine.Iproniazid.

CLINICAL USES OF TRICYILIC ANTIDEPRESSANTS.

None of antidepressants CNS stimulantNot useful in drugs induced CNS depressor.

1. Depression SP endogenous only 2/3 pts respond2. Bipolar with lithium3. Psychotic depression jwith antipsychoticsor Amoxapine.4. Obsessive compulsive jdisodress (SSR)&5. Clonipramine

Enurcsis. Imipramine. But risk of cardiotoxicity.6. Acute panic symptoms. Imi pramine but benzoliazipenes

preferred.7. Caraplexy associated with Narcdepsy loss of tone.7. Ch. Pain syndeone. Ticyclics,8. Venlafaxine, duloxetnine.9. * Migrainbe.10.Trigeninal neuralgia11.Assojciated with deprecession.

9. Phobic states eg. Soial phobiasSSRI Not go in duloxitine Social gatyhertingVenlafaxine.

Benezodiazepine.

Phofia of heightHydrophobiaHydrtophobia

HenrophjobiaPhobia of open spaces.10. School jphobias & attention & attention defgicit hyperkinetic disjorsders in ehilkrenI mipramme.Desipramie.Atomoxetine.

12.certaing caediac arrythmiasimipramine12 Eatinbg disjorders amorexia nervbosa& bulinaia nervosa over wt. SSRI wt anorexia13. Prem anstural dysphoric disordes SSRI.14 Sleep apnoca15.Fibro myalgia promeflagia.16. IBS17. P.U idoxepin vsed for Rx of depression.A/E of TCA1. CNS2. sedation coz of h1 blockadeMax amitriptytline & doxipinMin protriyline.

tolecance after few weeks convulsion aggravation of epilepsy. Conulsive threshold. In trigh doses. Themselves cause. Coniulsions.

3. ANTICHOLINERGIC: (Max with Amitriptyline.)Dry mounth difficulty in swallowing.Blurring of vision talking due dilatation of pupilAgg. GlaricomeInhibition of gut & bladderRetention.3 CVS: Posturl hypotension (X-block)Eff on HRCardiac conduction defect more with irritrameine as it is also a Nat channel blockers.Cardic arrythmicsVMC. Adaptive change.Receptors doun regulationTransmission inhibitory effect. Due to adaptive syrup outflow

Adrenergic transmission should in case of CNS receptors involve in rtclease of NT are postsynaptic not pre-synaptic.4. METBOLIC & ENDOCRINE.5. Wt gain & secual disturbances. Libido, penile cretion.

DRUG INTERACTIONS:-Protcin binding displacement, asprin, ph, butazone, p.kinetic interaction. Highly pr. Binding drug 90-99%Alchol CNS depressants & anesthetics potentiation.Block anti HTNSIVE eff of Guanethgedine, methyl dopa & clowdine.TCA block update system, anti HTN.Effect is lost as depleting effect is lost.M. Dopa:Enter newon from circulation by carrier system, carrier system blocked.Clonidine X2 recep stimulationX2 recep down rtegulation and clockade.Hepatic metabolish of TCA, competitively inhibitled by some sleroids, newoleptics. Other drugs not tabolished by eiver, so some metabolizeing sites are occupied by steroids etc. So their metabolism is ed.MAO-I mutual potentiation, breakdown of amires storage.TCA block rcuptake, so both.Anti cholinergic___ polentiationAnti conulsants___ antagonismAs themselves___ convulsion.Threshold.Dosage req.Directly acting sympathetics, potentiation.TCA ing transmission post synaptically.Indirectly acting. Effect as they enter by carriers systems which are blocked.PRECAUTIONS.Cardiac arrythmias.Glaucoma Anti cholinergic acitivity.Epilepsy.TCA POISONING.Frequent menthod for attempted suicide.As deprersive pt. being considered himself useless person, so have suicide thoughts.In antipsychotics initial stages, no suijcidal jidealization.Relatives are advised jto give time drugs instead of himself.

CNS:Initial excitement, delirium NM irritability, convulsions followed by coma, shock. Resp depression & Acidosis.ATROPINE LIKE EFFECTS.Flushing, dryness of mouth, & skin, Hyperprexia, Heat loss meeh in loss. Inhibition of gut & bladdes.CARDIACAtr & ventricul are fibrillation vent fibrillation sudden death.TREATMENT.No specific antidotc, so supportive & symptomatic therapy.

1. Physostigmine for CNS effects2. For arrythmias:

Lidocaine.PhenytoinPropranolol.Electric pacing.

3. I/V Nattco3 & KCL + dialysis+ supportive.4. Diuretics not useful5. petunia dialysis.

:- OTHER AMINE UPTAKE BLOCKERS:-

MAPROTILINE:-2nd generation drugA tetracylic comp.Selective NA uptake bloker.Few sedative & ant cholinergic eff.Longer acting (+1/2 40 hrs)A/E Seizure in higher dose range. Allergic rxn skin rashes urticasria.ANOFNIFENSINE:-

NA & DA uptake blockers. No effect on SHT. No sedation. No alropine like eff. No car diotoxicity. Safe in over dose. Short acting BD dose.

A/E:-B chaviowal of loxapine (anti psychotic).

Inhibit reuptake of NA, SHT & Sedative.

Anti muscarinics. Has some DA antagonistic eff CVS symptoms less common.

Buproprion:Alless NA outputResembile to arrphetamineBlocks reuptake of DA by occuping 25 % pump in brain may course sciues.Fine movements mental performance at the jcost of jmist5akes.VENLAFAXINE:Inhibit uptake of NA (++) SHT (+++) & DA (++)No sedation.No antinuscacinic effect behave like SSRI inb low doses as more effect on serotonin recap).Don’t caves sedation.Useful in phobias & (TCA not soi effect.)Compulsive. Disorders effective.MIRTAZEPINE:

X2 BLOCKERSht2 & 5TH3 BLOCKERPotent H1 blockers sedation appetite wt gain. Useful in pts who do not respond well to SSRI.ATYPICAL DRUGS:No effect on re-transmission

MIANSERIN:A tetracylic compNo effect on amine uptakeInhibit pre-synaptic X2 receptors also block SHT2 H1 receptors No cardiotoxicity. Sedation.

A/ESedation due to H1 recep blockade seizure, Hypersensitivity REXN.IPRINDOLE:No effect amine uptake.No side effect.MOA not known.MJONOAMINE JOXIDEAS INHIBITORS.

(MAO1)

M.A.OMitochondria enz

Distribution:Newral tissue esp. in riesue terminal all other tissues in cluding gut & lives.V. imp safcty drug fxn).1. In lives, breakdown injuect indirectly acting amines in dictry & so, abnoxious effect not occur common cold prep.FXNX:1. oxidative deamination of amines.2. safety value fxn in neurons3. Inactive endogentous & ingested amines (tyramine.)

Any inhdirctly acting amine, entee the nerve teemina immediately, breoken down before it reaches pre-synaptic space.

TYPES & SELECTIVITY

TYPE-A

Pre-for substrate NA & 5HTSystemtic inhibitor Clorgyline, Moclobamide.

TYPE-B Prefer substance, PhenylethlamineBenzlamine.Dopamine.Specefic in tibitors SelegilineRasagiline.

NON SP. SUBSTRATE OF BOTH ENZYMES: Tyramine (cheese tomates, bananasLassi, curd, hot drinks, Red wine.)

NON- SELECTIVE INHIBITORS OF BOTH ENZYMES.Pargyline (use3d for RX of HTN for long time)Trylcypromine.

Imprniazide3.Used for Rx of TB anjtidor but not effective.

MAO (MONOAMINE OXIDASE)Moa

A) Inhibition of MAO (Both A & B) Block by covalent binding Action lasts for 2-3 weeks. Moclobamide revesible & short acting Iranylcypromine Not irreversibly Most druigs non selective Blocking MAO A antidepressant eff.

b). DOWN REGULATION OF RECEPTORS. Adaptive changes:

delayed down reg of B-adr & 5th (like ICA)X2 B %HT2 downregulation.2 pools* Intracytoplasmic pool.Intravesicular pool.B) Otrher enz.C) Also inhibit: Other oxidases involves in oxidative deamination of

drugs & toxic subst responsible for drug interaction e.g tyrammine, pathidine.

Actions of MAO I/N cytoplasmic conc of 5HT (Most)NA DA (least)I/C cytoplasmic pol (releasable) of amines.Spon leaking, indirectly acting drugs. similar changes in peciphecy, Heart Lever Kidneys

But not response of these organs, to peripheral nerve stimulation

Like TCA , Action is not immediate.Normal Subjects:

Motor activity In contrast Euphoria with TAC

Excitement DrousinessSedationMotor activityConfusion

Depressed patients Effect on amines develop rapiely Improvement of symptoms Some CNS shin with phenalizin and in contrast to TAC as iot is CNS

depressant Tranylcypromine.

Therapentic uses of MAO1) Moderate to serve depression

Endogenrous Reactive A typical

2) If the pt is not responsive to TAC or Allegic to TAC or Associated symptoms: having anxity, Phobias &

hypochondnasis3) Phobic States e.g. Hight Phobia4) Hyupomrinia Hydrophobia

PHAEMACOKINETICS OF MAO. Well absorbed orallyEffect appears in 2-3 weakss.Metabolism liverExcretion Kindneys.

A/E of MAO1. Postural hypotensionb (pasgyline)

used to treat HTN not used now as drug interactions.2. Excesive central stimulation3. Tremors.4. Exeitment.Water retention:1. Varsodilators—associated with salt & water retention.2. Anti diabetic water rentation)3. MAO water rentantion.

InsominaConvulsion

3.Conuvlsion followed by depression.4. Wt gain appetite (TCA also allse wt gain)5. Atropine like effect (Same as TCA)6. Racently hepato to xicity hydrazine decivatives.7. Water retention. Edema.8. Muscle tone & eflexes

TOXICITY OF MAO.- I

Agitfation Delerium, Nervouysnems,Seizures (Same as TCA.)Hyperthecnia, shock, comaRX.SupportivePhenothiazines (Chlorpromazine), may be helpful X-block.

INTELACTIONS WITH FOODS & DRUGS:D) food (Cheese RXN)

Sideef fect with N therapentic doses may be halmful or useful)e.g anti cholinergic for Rx for bilacy colic, urine retention, constipation.

Toxic effect at higher doses.

Tyramine absocbed in GIT MAO in gut wall, cause its break down.. if freaches circulation. Destroyed, if centre never terminal destroyed, so MAO safety,.*Sever hyectensive crsisi.* Throbbin headache, hyperply rexia restlessness, cerlbrovas cular, accident, sub acachroiod henorage.Risk with moclob emdi- ARever sible short acting MAO-IMAO-A selective.

Tyramine containing substdances.Tomato.Cused.Banana.Soft drink.Beans (red)Cheese.

DRUGS:Interactions of MAO,Indirectly acting syrup aruines e.g ephedrine, amphetamine, phemylpropanolamine.Their breakdown by MAO safety if not severce HTN.

TCA + MAO-I Excitement, HTN,Hyperytrexia, convulsions.Post synaptic effects ed potentiating effects so MAO+I pathdine hyperpyrexia, restlessness,Pathdine, cylic, responses. Pathidosis, cause dowsiness etc, but here it

causes stimulation.

Response to lerodopa HTN & excitement,Dopamine breakdown by MAO, dopamine as MAO inhibit.T ½ other drugs are oxidative deaminated.MAO-I T SSR-I serotoin syrdeome. Malignant hyperthermia.

SELECTIVE SECOTONIN RE-UPTAKE.

INHIBITORS (SSRI)

Fluoxetine (ufrex) (prozac)Pacoxetine.Fluvoxamine.Sertraline (ffaverine)Citalop ram.ESC; talopramMixed LofepramineTrazodone Atomoxetine.

FLUOXETINE:Chemistry:A phemyl to ly/plprpy/amineMAO.Selectivly inhibit 5ht receptlake in CNS newons.Little eff on NA/DA.Min binding with muscalinic witrh TCA histaminic & adr receptor.

May ultimately eff final common path through NA (Hypothsis).Dulling of depressive ideation rather than emphonic shinulation (Just like

TCA no producing any stimulatory effect on CNS safety effect, as side effects as no anti cholinergic, anti histaminc, adrenergic blocking effect.

Intermueiom suotonergic narrator signposting 5ht recap-vely coupled with reuptake of NA reuptake is blocked.

Kinetics:

Well absorbed P/OPeak Plasma corc 4-8 hrsExtensive hepatic demethylationNor fluoxitive lactive)Ilimination t floxctive (2-4 days)

Nor flouxetive (7-9 days)So total also with ageAntipsychotic MetabolismAnt diabetics disturbedDOA (Action by fluoxitive as well as mentabolite non-flouxetive)Plasma pr binding

Like TCAWo 20-45 L/KgOnest of action after 1-3 wksInactive metabolites exc in urine

Post synaptic eff:Serotonin recap activity ( Adaptive Changes)Time course depends on clinical improvement of pt symptoms. Uses: flouxetine

1) Deprersion (Major)2) Bulinia nberuosa & Obesity TAC further 3) Observise complulsive disorders. IST LINE DRUGS SSRI.4) Seasonal affective disorders, esp those accompaniued by

CHO carving & wt gevin.5) Prophylaxis of recussent depressive episopdes.

6) Chronic anxiety (persistant).7) Prophylaxis for panic attacks preferable is benzodiazapenes.8) Alcholoison.9) Alcholishion.10) Premenstrual dysphoric disorder

Opposite of enphoria.A/E OF FZUOXETINE.

1. GIT.

Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, dyspepsiaUseful in bulimia nervosa dry mouth, diakhea.2. NEWCOLOGCAL:

Anxiety, rewousners, headache. Restlessness, Insomnia, Fatigue. TYremors, dizziness, convulsions. May ppt. mania or hypomania. May cause violent suicidal thought (but may be due to discase.Suicidal thoughts more with pt with SSRI. Than TCA.3. AUTONOMIC.

Anorexia, wt loss, sweating dry mouth.4. Endocrine.Libido.5. Allergic.Skin rashes, puctis, urtic caria (0.4%) rarcly fatal systemic vascultis wings, kidneys, liver.6. OTHERS:- Nausea, vomiting, Central excitation, convulsion, death.RX.1. Induction of emesis2. Gastric lavsage3. Ieizures resporid to diazepam.4. other symtommatic measures.

CI:Kidney & lives diseas EPI lepsy doses of anti epititic has to.

Drug Interactions:Flouxetine inhibit drug metabolizing enzymes & pleasma coric of halopecidol.

TCA.Warfarin.Antagonism of Anti convulasants.Combinatioin of SSRI with Li Tryptophan or MAO-I may efficacy, But CI due to side effect.SSR I + MAO-I stores of Monoamines + inhibilted uptakeSyuaptic conc, suptonin syndrome.

SECOTORIN SYDROME: LIFE THREATNING.*Hyperthermia, muscle, rigidity, cyclones.* restlessness,hypereflexiia rapid. Changes in mental status & vital signs death.*Worst life threatening RXN* So no MAO-I 2 wks before & 5 wks after SSRI.