Aerosols, Clouds, and Trace gases Research Infrastructure...
Transcript of Aerosols, Clouds, and Trace gases Research Infrastructure...
Società Italiana di Fisica - XCVII Congresso Nazionale L'Aquila, 26 - 30 Settembre, 2011
ACTRIS
Aerosols, Clouds, and Trace gases Research Infrastructure Network
Gelsomina Pappalardo
CNR-IMAA
Società Italiana di Fisica - XCVII Congresso Nazionale L'Aquila, 26 - 30 Settembre, 2011
Outline
• Introduction
• Previous experience (EARLINET, EUSAAR,
CloudNet)
• ACTRIS
• Summary and remarks
Società Italiana di Fisica - XCVII Congresso Nazionale L'Aquila, 26 - 30 Settembre, 2011
Aerosols are very difficult to handle in models
Aerosols are produced by many different processes, some sources are localized, others are
distributed over large volumes
Aerosols interact dynamically in a nonlinear way (nucleation, condensation, coagulation,
deposition)
Aerosols can be transported over large distances
Measurements are needed to assess and improve understanding of
aerosol processes and their treatment in models
Aerosol observations for climate and air quality research
Integrated approach
- in situ measurements
- Ground based remote sensing measurements
- Satellite measurements
Società Italiana di Fisica - XCVII Congresso Nazionale L'Aquila, 26 - 30 Settembre, 2011
Lidar measurements
It is in particular the information about the vertical distribution of aerosols that is
missing!
The exact altitude of any aerosol layer is required to trace it back to the source.
Lidar provides excellent information about the vertical structure of aerosol layers.
Advanced lidar methods provide very good information about aerosol optical properties
(extinction, backscatter, optical depth).
Advanced lidar plus advanced retrieval methods provide important information about
microphysical properties of aerosols.
Lidar Network
Aerosol distribution is highly variable, single point measurements are insufficient for
characterization.
At least continental scale coverage is needed for, e.g., climate impact studies, source
localization, comparative statistics.
It helps to build a community with common understanding of aerosol related
processes and observation techniques!
Società Italiana di Fisica - XCVII Congresso Nazionale L'Aquila, 26 - 30 Settembre, 2011
Aerosol profiling for climate and air quality research
Lidar measurements
Long term measurements
Distributed measurements
Advanced lidar systems for microphysical properties
EARLINET
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EARLINET
European Aerosol Research LIdar NETwork
• 22 lidar stations distributed over 14
European countries
• main objective: to establish a qualitatively
and quantitatively significant database for the
horizontal and vertical distributions of
atmospheric aerosols over Europe
• 3 systematic regular aerosol lidar
measurements per week
• special measurement campaigns to
study special events (Saharan dust
outbreaks, volcanic eruptions, forest fires)
• system level and retrieval alghoritms
intercomparisons
EARLINET was established in February, 2000 as a research project supported by the European
Commission under the Fifth Framework Programme within the Energy, Environment and Sustainable
Development Programme, contract No EVR1-CT-1999-40003.
Società Italiana di Fisica - XCVII Congresso Nazionale L'Aquila, 26 - 30 Settembre, 2011
● since 2000
● 27 lidar stations
- 10 multiwavelength Raman lidar
stations
backscatter (355, 532 and 1064 nm) + extinction
(355 and 532 nm) + depol ratio (532 nm)
- 10 Raman lidar stations
- 7 single backscatter lidar stations
● comprehensive, quantitative, and statistically significant data base
● Continental and long-term scale
EARLINET-ASOS
European Aerosol Research Lidar Network 2011
www.earlinet.org
Società Italiana di Fisica - XCVII Congresso Nazionale L'Aquila, 26 - 30 Settembre, 2011
First tool for 4D aerosol measurements on continental scale
● Quality assurance program - Instruments - Data analysis
● Predefined measurement schedule (3 per week) → unbiased
● Coordinated network observations for special events (e.g., Saharan dust, forest fires, photochemical smog, diurnal cycle, volcanic eruptions)
● Standardized data format
● Access to data via centralized data base
EARLINET: European Aerosol Research Lidar Network
Società Italiana di Fisica - XCVII Congresso Nazionale L'Aquila, 26 - 30 Settembre, 2011
EARLINET ASOS
European Aerosol Research Lidar Network:
Advanced Sustainable Observation System
EC Infrastructure Project 1 March 2006 - 28 February 2011
The overall objectives are:
To extend the development of the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network as a
world-leading instrument for the observation of the 4-dimensional spatio-temporal
distribution of aerosols on a continental scale, resulting in accurate, well-defined, and
easily accessible data products for use in science and environmental services.
To enhance the operation of this instrument to foster aerosol-related process studies,
validation of satellite sensors, model development and validation, assimilation of aerosol
data into operational models, and to build a comprehensive climatology of the aerosol
distribution.
To play a leading role in the development of a global observation network for the aerosol
vertical distribution as a major innovative element of GEOSS, by setting the standards for
instruments, methodology, and organization in this specific area.
Società Italiana di Fisica - XCVII Congresso Nazionale L'Aquila, 26 - 30 Settembre, 2011
Funded by EU under the infrastructure
program (March 2006- Feb. 2011)
Coordination CNRS
Overall objective : Integration of
atmospheric aerosol measurements
performed in a distributed network of 20
high quality European ground-based
stations. This integration contributes to
a sustainable and reliable operational
service in support of policy issues on air
quality, long-range transport of
pollutants and climate change.
The EUSAAR network
The EUSAAR Project
Società Italiana di Fisica - XCVII Congresso Nazionale L'Aquila, 26 - 30 Settembre, 2011
Operated by RCRU,
RAL. Station
Operated by CNRS/IPSL
Station
Operated by KNMI
Station
Operated by DWD
Station
Operated by CNR-IMAA
Station
Cloud fraction, liquid and ice water contents derived from long-term radar,
lidar, and microwave radiometer data are systematically compared to
models to quantify and improve their performance.
A. J. Illingworth et al., BAMS 2007
Società Italiana di Fisica - XCVII Congresso Nazionale L'Aquila, 26 - 30 Settembre, 2011
ACTRIS aims at integrating European ground-based stations equipped with advanced atmospheric probing instrumentation for aerosols, clouds and short-lived gas-phase species.
ACTRIS will have the essential role to support building of new knowledge as well as policy issues on climate change, air quality and long-range transport of pollutants.
ACTRIS Aerosols, Clouds, and Trace gases Research Infrastructure Network
Type of funding scheme: Combination of Collaborative Projects and Coordination and Support Actions for Integrating Activities
Work programme topics addressed: FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES-2010-1
Support to existing research infrastructures/ Integrating Activities
INFRA-2010-1-1.1.16: Research Infrastructures for Atmospheric Research
1 April 2011 – 31 March 2015
Società Italiana di Fisica - XCVII Congresso Nazionale L'Aquila, 26 - 30 Settembre, 2011
The main objectives of ACTRIS are:
To provide long-term observational data relevant to climate and air quality research on the regional scale produced with standardized or comparable procedures throughout the network
To provide a coordinated framework to support trans-national access to large infrastructures strengthening high-quality collaboration in and outside the EU and access to high-quality information and services for the user communities (research, Environmental protection agencies, etc.)
To develop new integration tools to fully exploit the use of multiple atmospheric techniques at ground-based stations, in particular for the calibration/validation/integration of satellite sensors and for the improvement of the parameterizations used in global and regional-scale climate and air quality models
To enhance training of new scientists and new users in particular students, young scientists, and scientists from eastern European and non-EU developing countries in the field of atmospheric observation
To promote development of new technologies for atmospheric observation of aerosols, clouds and trace gases through close partnership with EU SMEs
Società Italiana di Fisica - XCVII Congresso Nazionale L'Aquila, 26 - 30 Settembre, 2011
ACTRIS builds a new research infrastructure on the basis of a consortium joining existing networks/observatories that are already providing consistent datasets of observations and that are performed using state-of-the-art measurement technology and data processing.
In particular the ACTRIS consortium merges two existing research infrastructures funded by the European Commission under FP6: EUSAAR (European Supersites for Atmospheric Aerosol Research) and EARLINET (European Aerosol Research Lidar Network).
ACTRIS also includes the distributed infrastructure on aerosol – cloud interaction existing from a previous EU Research project CLOUDNET and by grouping the existing EU ground-based monitoring capacity for short-lived trace gases which is, at present, not coordinated at any level, besides EMEP (European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme) and GAW (Global Atmosphere Watch) caring for a few specific compounds.
Società Italiana di Fisica - XCVII Congresso Nazionale L'Aquila, 26 - 30 Settembre, 2011
ACTRIS partners
28 partners
in 19 Countries
Società Italiana di Fisica - XCVII Congresso Nazionale L'Aquila, 26 - 30 Settembre, 2011
ACTRIS associated partners
19 associated partners / + new applications received since the start of the project
Società Italiana di Fisica - XCVII Congresso Nazionale L'Aquila, 26 - 30 Settembre, 2011
ACTRIS WPs
Networking activities
Transnational access
Joint research activities
Management
Service
Società Italiana di Fisica - XCVII Congresso Nazionale L'Aquila, 26 - 30 Settembre, 2011
Società Italiana di Fisica - XCVII Congresso Nazionale L'Aquila, 26 - 30 Settembre, 2011
Map of measurement sites contributing to ACTRIS
ACTRIS sites offering TNA www.actris.net
Società Italiana di Fisica - XCVII Congresso Nazionale L'Aquila, 26 - 30 Settembre, 2011
ACTRIS represents an unprecedented effort towards integration of a distributed network of ground-based stations, covering most climatic regions of Europe, and responding to a strong demand from the
atmospheric research community.
ACTRIS is a network of networks / Federation of existing networks
Each network operates with a rigorous QA program for both instrument and data processing quantitative data including error bars and QA and representativeness flags
Observation strategy
Standardization of data and metadata
Integration is the added value. Integration is performed
- at instrument level: exploiting the synergies among different sensors (lidar/radar; lidar-in-situ; lidar-sunphotometer; …) and providing integrated advanced products
- at data base level: providing open access to a central data portal
Società Italiana di Fisica - XCVII Congresso Nazionale L'Aquila, 26 - 30 Settembre, 2011
The Eyjafjallajökull eruption (2010)
Quicklook made available almost in near real time on the EARLINET website
Società Italiana di Fisica - XCVII Congresso Nazionale L'Aquila, 26 - 30 Settembre, 2011
The Eyjafjallajökull eruption (2010)
Quicklook made available almost in near real time on the EARLINET website
Società Italiana di Fisica - XCVII Congresso Nazionale L'Aquila, 26 - 30 Settembre, 2011
Ansmann et al., GRL 2010
16 April 2010, 14:15-15:30 UT, Lepzig, Germany
17 April 2010, 01:40-02:30 UT, Munich, Germany
Optical characterization
Società Italiana di Fisica - XCVII Congresso Nazionale L'Aquila, 26 - 30 Settembre, 2011
Palaiseau, France (48.7 N, 2.2 E, 162 m a.s.l., 532 nm)
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
Minimum and maximum investigated altitudes
DustLayerHeight
b532>1 e-6 m-1 sr-1
1e-7<b532<1 e-6 m-1 sr-1
b532<1e-7 m-1 sr-1
Volcanic aerosol
Forest Fires Aerosol
Desert dust
Local Aerosol UnknownAerosol
Continental aerosol
Cloud/cirrus
Mixed aerosol
Pappalardo et al.. ACP 2011 in preparation
Società Italiana di Fisica - XCVII Congresso Nazionale L'Aquila, 26 - 30 Settembre, 2011
ACTRIS represents an unprecedented effort towards integration of a distributed network of ground-based stations, covering most climatic regions of Europe, and responding to a strong demand from the
atmospheric research community.
ACTRIS is a network of networks / Federation of existing networks
Each network operates with a rigorous QA program for both instrument and data processing quantitative data including error bars and QA and representativeness flags
Observation strategy
Standardization of data and metadata
Integration is the added value. Integration is performed
- at instrument level: exploiting the synergies among different sensors (lidar/radar; lidar-in-situ; lidar-sunphotometer; …) and providing integrated advanced products
- at data base level: providing open access to a central data portal
Società Italiana di Fisica - XCVII Congresso Nazionale L'Aquila, 26 - 30 Settembre, 2011
Lidar - radar
Società Italiana di Fisica - XCVII Congresso Nazionale L'Aquila, 26 - 30 Settembre, 2011
EARLINET – AERONET/PHOTONS comparison and integration
The vertical profiling capability of lidar techniques allow to investigate the vertical distribution of the aerosol
providing high vertical resolution profiles of the aerosol optical properties.
In particular, PBL height is typically provided in the EARLINET database for each observation as additional
information. Starting from it, it is possible to calculate the free troposphere (FT) contribution to the aerosol load.
The FT contribution to the total aerosol
load ranges between 24 up to 37%.
For Southern stations it is evident an annual
behaviour, that is mainly due to the arrival of
desert dust from the close Africa continent
[Mona et al., 2006; Papayannis et al., 2008]
and to the biomass burning that largely affect
Greece and Italy during warm seasons [Balis
et al., 2003].
0 200 400 600 800 1000
0
20
40
60
80
100
Hamburg
FT
co
ntr
ibu
tio
n (
%)
Day since 1 May 2000
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
0
20
40
60
80
100
Leipzig
FT
co
ntr
ibu
tio
n (
%)
Day since 1 May 2000
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
0
20
40
60
80
100
Leipzig 532nm
FT
co
ntr
ibu
tio
n (
%)
Day since 1 May 2000
0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800
0
20
40
60
80
100
Potenza
FT
co
ntr
ibu
tio
n (
%)
Day since 1 May 2000
0 200 400 600 800
0
20
40
60
80
100
Lecce
FT
co
ntr
ibu
tio
n (
%)
Day since 1 May 2000
0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400 2800
0
20
40
60
80
100
Thessaloniki
FT
co
ntr
ibu
tio
n (
%)
Day since 1 May 2000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
0
20
40
60
80
100
Hamburg
FT
con
trib
ution
(%
)
Day since 1 May 2000
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
0
20
40
60
80
100
Leipzig
FT
con
trib
ution
(%
)
Day since 1 May 2000
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
0
20
40
60
80
100
Leipzig 532nm
FT
con
trib
ution
(%
)
Day since 1 May 2000
0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800
0
20
40
60
80
100
Potenza
FT
con
trib
ution
(%
)
Day since 1 May 2000
0 200 400 600 800
0
20
40
60
80
100
Lecce
FT
con
trib
ution
(%
)
Day since 1 May 2000
0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400 2800
0
20
40
60
80
100
Thessaloniki
FT
co
ntr
ibu
tio
n (
%)
Day since 1 May 2000
Lidar - sunphotometer
Società Italiana di Fisica - XCVII Congresso Nazionale L'Aquila, 26 - 30 Settembre, 2011
Società Italiana di Fisica - XCVII Congresso Nazionale L'Aquila, 26 - 30 Settembre, 2011
ACTRIS represents an unprecedented effort towards integration of a distributed network of ground-based stations, covering most climatic regions of Europe, and responding to a strong demand from the
atmospheric research community.
ACTRIS is a network of networks / Federation of existing networks
Each network operates with a rigorous QA program for both instrument and data processing quantitative data including error bars and QA and representativeness flags
Observation strategy
Standardization of data and metadata
Integration is the added value. Integration is performed
- at instrument level: exploiting the synergies among different sensors (lidar/radar; lidar-in-situ; lidar-sunphotometer; …) and providing integrated advanced products
- at data base level: providing open access to a central data portal
Società Italiana di Fisica - XCVII Congresso Nazionale L'Aquila, 26 - 30 Settembre, 2011
Data are accessible through the ACTRIS data center which links the existing data bases:
EARLINET (MPIMET, Germany)
EUSAAR/EBAS (NILU, Norway)
CloudNet (BADC, UK)
In addition the data center provides tools and applications for end users to facilitate the use of all measurements for broad user communities.
Through the ACTRIS integrated data centre, more than 100 000 data sets of atmospheric parameters are expected to be available.
This is by far the most comprehensive atmospheric data centre available worldwide including in-situ aerosol and gas phase measurements, remote column aerosol observations, vertical aerosol profile information and cloud observations.
Società Italiana di Fisica - XCVII Congresso Nazionale L'Aquila, 26 - 30 Settembre, 2011
ACTRIS is not a research project but a research infrastructure (long-term vision)
ACTRIS for Long-term Sustainable Research Network
Maintain the state of the art of the observations
Technological and methodological developments
Fill existing gaps
Integration (observation strategy, synergies, methodology , products and database)
Sustainability for long term observations
Existing – step further – long term
Società Italiana di Fisica - XCVII Congresso Nazionale L'Aquila, 26 - 30 Settembre, 2011
Summary
Strong need for integrated long term atmospheric observations
ACTRIS: Integrated observations and advanced products; Cooperation and
coordination with the relevant observation and user communities
Link to all the other I3 and ESFRI
Sustainable observation system at European level
support is needed at national level
in some case Italian leadership (EARLINET, ACCENT, ACTRIS, EPOS, EMSO)
italian participation (EUSAAR, COPAL, EUFAR, ICOS, SIOS, LIFEWATCH)
Research infrastructure as core for scientific research and developments and also for more operational services (FPVIII, GMES)
At global scale WMO-GAW, WMO-GCOS, GEOSS
Società Italiana di Fisica - XCVII Congresso Nazionale L'Aquila, 26 - 30 Settembre, 2011
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
European Commission contracts RICA-025991 and 262254
WMO - GAW
European Space Agency
German Weather Service for the air mass back-trajectory analysis
NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of the HYSPLIT
backtrajectory analysis
NASA for MODIS, AERONET and CALIPSO
Maltese Euromediterranean Center (ICoD) and Barcelona Supercomputing
Center for Dust Regional Atmospheric Model (DREAM)