AdvancedPowerTechnologyDevelopmentActivitiesforSmall

SatelliteApplicationsMichaelF.Piszczor1,GeoffreyA.Landis1,ThomasB.Miller1,LindaM.Taylor1,Dionne

Hernandez-Lugo1,RyneP.Raffaelle2,BrianLandi2,SethHubbard2,ChristopherSchauerman2,MathewGanter2,StephenPolly2,MartinDann2,Xiangyang Zhou3,Ryan

Karkkainen3,LukeRoberson4

1NASAGlennResearchCenter,Cleveland,OH2 RochesterInstituteofTechnology,Rochester,NY

3UniversityofMiami,CoralGables,FL4NASAKennedySpaceCenter,Titusville,FL

31st AnnualSmallSatelliteConference,Pre-ConferenceWorkshop1

Outline

I. IntroductionII. SmallSpacecraftTechnologyProgram,Smallsat TechnologyPartnerships

a) DemonstrationofaNano-EnabledSpacePowerSystem(RIT)b) DevelopmentofaLightweightCubeSatwithMultifunctionalStructuralBattery

Systems(UniversityofMiami)

III. ALBus SmallSatpowerdemonstrationatNASAGlennIV. LowPowerStirling TechnologyV. AdvancedPMADTechnologyDevelopmentEffortsVI. Summary

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NASAGlennPowerTechnologyExpertise

• NASAGlennResearchCenterhasalongtraditionofdevelopingadvancedtechnologyforspacecraft,withparticularexpertiseintheareasofpower,in-spacepropulsion,communications,andmaterials• Advancedpowertechnologyforspaceapplications• Energygeneration(photovoltaics,advancedthermal-to-electric)• Energystorage(batteries,fuelcells)• PowerManagementandDistribution(PMAD)• Powersystemsarchitectureandanalysis

• Advancementsinthesetechnologyareasareslowlybeinginfusedintosmallsatellitemissionsandcanhavesignificantimpactsonlongevityandmissioncapability

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DevelopmentofaNano-EnabledSpacePowerSystem

• Nanomaterial-enhancedpowersystemcomponentstoallowforreducedweightwhilemaintainingorincreasingcapability.• Quantumdot/Quantumwellsolarcells• CNTenhancedlithium-ionbatteries• Carbonnanotube(CNT)wireharness• CNTthermoelectricenergyharvesting

• Nanomaterialsü SignificantweightsavingüMinimalchangeincostü Increaseinavailablespace

Evolutionaryadvancements ineachtechnologywhencombinedcantranslateintorevolutionarychanges atthesystemleveltoprovidehigherconversionefficiencyand

energydensitytoextendmissioncapability.

OpticalMicroscopyofTwistedandBraidedmetal-freeCNTHarness,exceeding1x106 S/minelectricalconductivity

3PlyLaid 3PlyBraid

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CNTConductiveWiring

CNTinLi-Ion

Batteries

QD/QWCells

HeatManagement&EnergyHarvesting

DemonstratedthermoelectricpowergenerationfromSWCNTTEdevice,

producingover8nW from3pairedcouplesagainstatemperaturegradientof6.5K

Increasedradiationtoleranceextendinglifetime.Spectrallytuningthemiddle(GaAs)cellbandgapleadingtohighercurrentdensities.HighestQDVOC todate.replacementPVcellstobeintegratedwithClydeSpaceboardsFabricatedpouchcellsexceed250Wh/kg

andwillserveasdrop-inreplacementforClydeSpacebatteries(100-150Wh/kg)

ProgresstoDate

FabricatedBraidedMetalFreeCNTwirestocompareagainstcommercialinterconnects

RITxx3450PouchCell

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CharacterizeSOACubeSatpowersystem

components

Fabricatepowersystemcomponentswhich

incorporatenanomaterials

Replacecommercialdeviceswith

nanoenhancedversions

CharacterizeCubeSatpowersystem

componentsandmakenecessarychanges

IntegratefinishedcomponentsintoCubeSatpowersystem.Testunder

spaceconditions

Benefitofenhancingexistingtechnologiesthroughtheuseofnanomaterialsisthattheenhancedproductscanserveasdropinreplacementstoexistinginfrastructure,minimizing

theneedfornewequipmentandinfrastructure.

ApproachtoIntegratingNanoenhancedComponents

www.clyde.space

NanoEnhanced

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DevelopmentofLightweightCubeSatwithMultifunctionalStructuralBattery/SupercapacitorSystems

• Lightweight1UCubeSatthatutilizesfullyintegratedstructuralbatterymaterialsformissionlifeextensionof200-300%,largerpayloadcapability,andsignificantlyreducedmassof15%ormore.

• Mediator-enabledelectrolyticpolymerü Lightweightloadbearingstructureandanelectrochemicalbatterysystem

ü Highspecificpowerandenergywithfastchargerateü Significantweightsavingsü Increaseinavailablevolumeforpayloads

Advancements instructuralbatterytechnologycanreplaceparasiticstructuralmasswithmaterialthatprovidesadditionalenergy,leadingto

lighterweightandextendedsatellitemissionlife.

StructuralSupercapacitor

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ProgresstoDate

Carbon black

PEO/LiX/CB/Mediators

SupercapacitorFabrication

AllSolid-Statemediatorstructuralsupercapacitorstacks

Baseline

Structural

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AdvancedElectricalBus(ALBus)CubeSatTechnologyDemonstrationMission

• Provide100Wcapablepowermanagementsystem• Demonstrateregulatedhighpowerbus• On-orbitdemonstrationoftechnologiesrequiredfor100Wsystem• Powersystemefficiency≥85%• EPSshallfitin1Uvolume(10x10x10cm)orless• CubeSatshallnotexceed4.0kgmass• Exhibitsolararraymechanismsutilizingshapememoryalloymaterials

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AdvancedElectricalBus(ALBus)CubeSat(Update)

• Pathfindermissionforhighpowerdensity3-UCubeSats• Upto100Wofdistributedpower• Assessmentofoperationaldutycycleof100WsysteminaLEOenvironment• DemonstrationofrobustandresettableShapeMemoryAlloy(SMA)Mechanismforsolararraydeployment• DemonstrationofnoveltechniqueforpowertransferfromsolararraysthroughSMAdeploymenthinges

• Currentlyinfinalsystemintegrationandtest• ScheduledtoflyonELaNaXXmission(early2018)

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Innovation• NewclassofhighefficiencyRPSbeingdevelopedatGRC

usingflight-qualifiedRadioisotopeHeaterUnits(RHU)• PrevioustechnologiesuselowefficiencythermoelectricsApplications• Lowpowerlanders,probes,androvers• Sciencemeasuringinstruments• DistributednearobjectsofinterestwithlowsolarfluxPowerConversionResearch• Stirlingengineandlinearalternator• ControllerandbatterychargerforspacecraftInsulation• Vacuumfoilinsulationisrequiredduetolowheatinput• FunctionsasthermalresistanceandstructuralsupportHeaterAssembly• EachRHUprovides1wattthermaloutput• MultipleRHUsselectedforinitialdesign• LabtestinguseselectricheaterstosimulateRHUsMiniatureStirlingConvertor• 1We poweroutputfromcontrollertospacecraftsensors• 350ºChotsidetemperature,50ºCcoldsidetemperature• Flexurebearings,gapregenerator

GRCLowPowerStirlingDevelopment

Futureuseonprobes,landers,androvers

Insulationconceptuseshybridmulti-layerandmicroporousinsulation

Convertordemonstrationbeingprepared

EvaluatingAdditiveManufacturingforproduction 11

PMADTechnologiesforSmallSats• PowerElectronicsSBIRworkwithQortek:

• PrecisionfineattitudetuningofSmallSats(GSFC)

• Striction-basedcurrentandvoltagesensorsforMEO/GEO(GRC)

• DC/DCconversion– ceramicbasedpowersupplyforspacebusonSmallSats (GRC)

• DevelopmentofSiC andGaN powerdevicesforspaceapplications(GRCwithGeneSiC)

ReactionWheel

NutationActuator

PrecisionPointingMechanism

VoltageandCurrentSensors

DC/DCConverter

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Summary

• NASAGRC(alongwithotherNASACenters,Academia,andindustry)isdevelopingadvancedspacepowertechnologiesthatcouldhaveadirectimpactonfuturesmallsatellitemissionsbyincreasinglifetimeandimprovingspacecraftcapabilities.• Thesedevelopmenteffortcoverawiderangeoftechnologiesandtechnologyreadinesslevels(TRLs)in:• Energygeneration• Energystorage• Powermanagementanddistribution

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