Advance Drilling Technology-L1

7/31/2019 Advance Drilling Technology-L1

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Advance Drilling Technology:

Directional DrillingObjectives, Tools for deflection &orientation. Directional well profiles

and well path deflection &corrections


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Objectives

Vertical Vs Deviation

True vertical: Possible ?

Allow Controllable deviation 1930 California under Pacific

Ocean

Conventional Drilling


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objections

Full assembly is rotated

No steering

Power required at the end No vision possible

Time lag in event

NPT high tripping required Vertical access


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Typical application where it is

required

Mutli well platform drilling

Fault drilling

Inaccessible locations Side tracking & straightening

Salt dome drilling

Relief wells


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Multi well platform drilling

Fault drilling

Inaccessible location

Salt dome drilling

Side tracking and straighteningRelief wells


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Depth reference and geographical

referenceDirection Plane

Inclination Plane


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Depth Reference

Mean sea Level, MSL

Rotary table elevation, RTE or DFE(Derrick Floor ..)

20 well housing

Depth :

Along hole depth, AHD

True vertical depth, TVD

AHD>TVD always


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Geographical Reference

3D (TVD, LD, )

Lateral displacement from north

Or latitude and longitude


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North

Direction

Angle

Direction Plane X

Inclination Angle, driftor tangentZ Axis (TrueVertical

Depth)

Inclinat

ion

Plane

Y

or I

or A

Non-Vertical

Wellbore


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Figure 8.2 - Plan view of a typical oil and gas structure under a lake showing howdirectional wells could be used to develop it. Best locations? Drill from lake?

Lease Boundary

Surface Location for Well No. 1

Bottom Hole Location for Well 2

SurfaceLocation for

Well No. 2

Houses

Oil-Water

Contact


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Figure 8.3 - Typical offshore development platform

with directional wells.

NOTE: All the

wells are

directional

Top View

5 - 50 wells

per platform


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Figure 8.4 - Developing a field under a city

using directionally drilledwells.

Drilling Rig Inside Building


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Fig. 8.5 - Drilling of directional wells where the

reservoir is beneath a major surface obstruction.

Why not

drill from

top ofmountain?

Maximum

lateraldispl.?


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Figure 8.6 -Sidetracking

around a fish.

Sidetracked Hole

Around Fish

Fish Lost in Hole and

Unable to RecoverCement Plug


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Figure 8.7 -

Using an oldwell to explore

for new oil by

sidetrackingout of the

casing and

drilling

directionally.

Possible

New Oil

Sidetracked

Out of Casing

Oil Producing WellReady to Abandon

Old Oil Reservoir


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Figure 8.8 - Major types of wellbore trajectories.

Build and

Hold Type

Continuous

Build

Build-hold Drop and/or Hold

(Modified S Type)

Build-hold and Drop (S Type)

Horizontal

Departure

toTarget

Type I

Type III

Type II


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Planning the well profile

Build and hold S shaped

Deep kick off

Parameters defining

Well path

Build and hold S shaped

Deep kick off

Kick off point

Build up & dropoff (1 to 30/100ft)

Drift angle


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Dogleg severity > 30/100ft

R

R

C

RC

2

360

100

2

2

=

==

=Radius of built up rate

yx

D

xRy

x

yDR

yOTOE

D

Rdx

+=

=

=

=

=

cossin

cos

sin

sin

tan


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Prepare a planning procedure for the build and hold trajectory using following

Data:

KOP (BRT) 610 m

TVD of target (BRT) 3048 m

Horizontal displacement of target 915 mBuild-up rate 20/30.48 m

Solution: Point B is KOP at 610

m

mOB

OB

1876.873

2

48.30

360

2

=

=

Use graphical method to draw tangent from TTo arc point E

TEY=BOE use protractor

Measure BX, XE, BE EY

Report effect of error in measurement of TEY


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Geometrical calculation technique

( )6103048

1876.873915tan

=x

017.02438

81.41=

098.0=x

( ) ( )

098.20

3581.02438

98.0cos1876.873sin

=

==

y

y

96.2198.2098.0=+=+=

yx


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Consideration when planning a

directional well path

Target location

Target size and shape

Surface locations (rig location) Subsurface obstacles (adjacent wells,

faults)

Additional factorsCasing and programGeological section


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Deflection Tools

Main Principle Bit tilt angle into the axis of the BHA

Side force to the bit

Major tools

Bent sub & + ve displacement

Non-rotating steerable drilling systems Rotary steering system

Directional bottom hole assemblies

Whi stocks


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Universal Joint

Concept of Progressive

cavity


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Side Force

Icdp-online.de


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BHA with bent sub and mud motor

Tool face


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Positive displacement motors

http://www.icdp-online.de/sites/sanandreas/news/news1.html


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Turbo drills


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Steerable drilling system

Allow azimuth and /or inclination

Geo steering

Theoretical geometric dogleg severity

TGDS

2

..100)100/(deg

21LL

angleTiltftreeTGDS

+=


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Rotary steering system


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Non-rotating steerable stablizer

End section of non-rotating steerable stablizer

Down hole system


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Whipstock: Steel wedge


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Jet deflection


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Catenary

The equation (up to translation and rotation) of a

catenary in Cartesian coordinates has the form

Y=acosh (x/a)=a/2(ex/a+e-x/a)

where cosh is the hyperbolic cosine function.The scaling factor acan be interpreted as the

ratio between the horizontal component of the

tension on the chain (a constant) and the weight

of the chain per unit of length


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http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/fb/SpiderCatenary.jpg


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Well bore survey methods

Tangential method

Balanced tangential method

Average angle method Radius of curvature method

Minimum curvature method


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Average angle

method


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Radius of curvature method


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Advance Drilling Technology-L1

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