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Transcript of ADSADS_OKG
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Team ABC Project Manual #6
1
I Table of contents
Part I
Table of contents
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Team ABC Project Manual #6
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II Sommaire I TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................................................1
II RULES AND BUILDING CODE COMPLIANCE CHECKLIST .......................................................................................6
III CONTEST SUPPORT DOCUMENT .......................................................................................................................12
1 ARCHITECTURE DESIGN NARRATIVE ........................................................................................................................13
1.1 Architecture design narrative ..................................................................................................................13
1.2 Lighting design narrative ........................................................................................................................17
2 ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION DESIGN NARRATIVE ..............................................................................................19
2.1 Structural design .....................................................................................................................................19
2.2 Materials used ........................................................................................................................................20
2.3 Constructive design .................................................................................................................................20
2.4 Multicriteria constructive design .............................................................................................................23
2.5 Design methodology ...............................................................................................................................25
2.6 Envelop composition ...............................................................................................................................29
2.7 Plumbing system design ..........................................................................................................................32
2.8 Electrical system design ..........................................................................................................................44
2.9 Photovoltaic system design .....................................................................................................................49
2.10 Electrical energy balance simulation ..................................................................................................65
2.11 Solar thermal design ..........................................................................................................................75
2.12 Building integrated solar active systems ............................................................................................78
3 ENERGY EFFICIENCY DESIGN NARRATIVE ..................................................................................................................80
3.1 Technical project summary .....................................................................................................................80
3.2 Appliances report ....................................................................................................................................81
3.3 Comprehensive energy analysis and discussion report ............................................................................84
4 COMMUNICATION PLAN ................................................................................................................................... 126
4.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 126
4.2 Communication project ......................................................................................................................... 127
4.3 Public tour description .......................................................................................................................... 148
4.4 Team visual identity manual ................................................................................................................. 159
4.5 Sponsorship manual .............................................................................................................................. 159
5 INDUSTRIALIZATION AND MARKET VIABILITY REPORT ............................................................................................... 160
5.1 Market viability of the product .............................................................................................................. 161
5.2 Economic feasibility study ..................................................................................................................... 163
5.3 Industrialization degree ........................................................................................................................ 168
5.4 Possibilities for grouping ....................................................................................................................... 190
6 INNOVATION REPORT ....................................................................................................................................... 196
8.1. Innovation in architecture ..................................................................................................................... 196
8.2. Innovation in engineering and construction .......................................................................................... 197
8.3. Innovation in energy efficiency .............................................................................................................. 198
8.4. Innovation in communication and social awareness .............................................................................. 200
8.5. Innovation in the industrialization and market viability ......................................................................... 201
7 SUSTAINABILITY REPORT ................................................................................................................................... 203
7.1 Introduction: sustainability concept applied .......................................................................................... 203
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7.2 Bioclimatic strategies: passive design strategies ................................................................................... 204
7.3 Water ................................................................................................................................................... 207
7.4 Solid waste............................................................................................................................................ 217
7.5 Solar facilities........................................................................................................................................ 223
7.6 Equipment ............................................................................................................................................ 224
IV DINNER PARTY MENU ..................................................................................................................................... 228
8 COURSES AND DRINKS ...................................................................................................................................... 229
9 RECIPES ........................................................................................................................................................ 229
9.1 Perigord salad ....................................................................................................................................... 229
9.2 Duck confit shepherds pie .................................................................................................................... 230
9.3 Raspberry and pear crumble ................................................................................................................. 231
V CONTEST WEEK TASKS PLANNING ................................................................................................................. 232
10 SDE SENSORS LOCATION .................................................................................................................................. 233
10.1 SDE temperature sensor location ..................................................................................................... 233
10.2 SDE lightning sensor location ........................................................................................................... 233
10.3 SDE air quality and humidity sensor sensor location ........................................................................ 233
10.4 SDE refrigerator and freezer temperature sensor ............................................................................. 233
10.5 SDE cables ....................................................................................................................................... 233
10.6 SDE metering box ............................................................................................................................ 233
11 SDE TASKS PLANNING ...................................................................................................................................... 234
VI COST ESTIMATE AND PROJECT FINANCIAL SUMMARY ................................................................................... 239
12 BUSINESS AND FUND-RAISING PLAN ..................................................................................................................... 240
12.1 Consortium ...................................................................................................................................... 240
12.2 Industrials partners.......................................................................................................................... 242
12.3 Institutional partners ....................................................................................................................... 243
13 COST ESTIMATE .............................................................................................................................................. 244
14 TOTAL CONSTRUCTION COST .............................................................................................................................. 245
VII SITE OPERATION REPORT ................................................................................................................................ 247
15 PRECEDENTS AND AIM ...................................................................................................................................... 248
16 GENERAL DATA .............................................................................................................................................. 248
17 SITE OPERATIONS TEAM COORDINATOR ............................................................................................................... 248
18 OUTSIDE LOGISTIC, VILLA SOLAR ........................................................................................................................ 249
18.1 Phases Description ........................................................................................................................... 249
18.2 Transport ......................................................................................................................................... 251
19 INSIDE LOGISTIC, APPROXIMATION ...................................................................................................................... 252
19.1 Phases Description ........................................................................................................................... 252
19.2 Deciding Factors .............................................................................................................................. 256
19.3 Infrastructures ................................................................................................................................. 256
20 LOAD / UNLOAD ............................................................................................................................................. 257
21 ASSEMBLY / DISASSEMBLY ................................................................................................................................ 259
21.1 Assembly Planning ........................................................................................................................... 260
21.2 Disassembly Planning ...................................................................................................................... 265
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22 TIMELINE, TRUCKS AND MACHINERY NEEDS ENTRANCE TIMES, ORDER, UNLOAD, INTERVAL BETWEEN VEHICLES AND ASSEMBLY TIME
ASSOCIATED. ............................................................................................................................................................. 268
22.1 Assembly ......................................................................................................................................... 268
22.2 Disassembly ..................................................................................................................................... 269
23 SITE OPERATION CHART ................................................................................................................................... 271
24 ASSEMBLY AND DISASSEMBLY CHART................................................................................................................... 273
VIII HEALTH AND SAFETY REPORT ......................................................................................................................... 277
25 HEALTH AND SAFETY DRAWINGS ........................................................................................................................ 278
25.1 Index ............................................................................................................................................... 278
26 HEALTH AND SAFETY REPORT ............................................................................................................................. 279
26.1 Health and Safety precedents and aims ........................................................................................... 279
26.2 General data of the project .............................................................................................................. 279
26.3 Health and Safety plan Objectives ................................................................................................... 279
26.4 Conditions of the site where construction will take place ................................................................. 280
26.5 Activities for the risks prevention ..................................................................................................... 303
26.6 Critical work phases for risks prevention .......................................................................................... 307
26.7 Risks identification and efficiency evaluation of the adopted protections......................................... 313
26.8 Collective protections to use ............................................................................................................ 314
26.9 Individual protection resources to use .............................................................................................. 315
26.10 Safe working procedures of every team member ............................................................................. 317
26.11 Machine and auxiliary resources ...................................................................................................... 319
26.12 Planned measures in case of accident .............................................................................................. 319
26.13 Risks identification for possible later works ...................................................................................... 322
26.14 Useful plans and information for possible later works ...................................................................... 323
26.15 Adopted system for the level of health and safety control during works .......................................... 324
26.16 Formation and information about safety and health ....................................................................... 326
26.17 Emergency evacuation plan ............................................................................................................. 328
26.18 Annex 1: Identification of risks and evaluation of the efficiency of the adopted protections. ............ 331
26.19 Annex 2: Identification of risks for possible later works .................................................................... 352
27 HEALTH AND SAFETY SPECIFIC TERMS AND CONDITIONS ........................................................................................... 353
27.1 Statement in which the Team commits itself to avoid or minimize the risks derived from the work
process 353
27.2 Statement in which the team commits to envisage the health and safety demands. ........................ 354
27.3 Complete technical specifications of the collective protections that shall be used ............................ 355
27.4 Complete technical specifications of the individual protections that shall be used. .......................... 356
27.5 Description of the Terms and Conditions of the safety plans that each team member has to comply
with. 357
27.6 Statement that all the Team members have passed specific medical examinations for the works that
they will carry out and have the necessary qualifications. ................................................................................ 359
27.7 Statement that the team has received the specific training to assemble and disassemble the house
that will be exhibited preventing unexpected risks. .......................................................................................... 360
27.8 For contracted staff ......................................................................................................................... 361
IX DETAILED WATER BUDGET .............................................................................................................................. 363
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X ELECTRIC AND PHOTOVOLTAIC CHART ........................................................................................................... 366
XI STRUCTURAL CALCULATIONS .......................................................................................................................... 367
28 GLOBAL VIEW ................................................................................................................................................. 368
29 PLANS .......................................................................................................................................................... 369
30 LOADING ....................................................................................................................................................... 370
30.1 Parameters ...................................................................................................................................... 370
30.2 Wind ................................................................................................................................................ 370
30.3 Snow ............................................................................................................................................... 371
30.4 Exploitation load.............................................................................................................................. 371
30.5 Wood properties .............................................................................................................................. 372
30.6 Loads combinations ......................................................................................................................... 372
30.7 Software used .................................................................................................................................. 374
31 BEAMS CALCULATION ....................................................................................................................................... 375
31.1 VENTEC............................................................................................................................................ 375
31.2 Roof ................................................................................................................................................. 375
31.3 Roof - joists ...................................................................................................................................... 376
31.4 Roof - horizontal top roof................................................................................................................. 379
31.5 Roof - pitched top roof ..................................................................................................................... 379
31.6 Roof - top poles ............................................................................................................................... 381
31.7 Roof - beam ..................................................................................................................................... 382
31.8 Roof - top poles (fire conditions) ...................................................................................................... 383
31.9 Roof - beam (fire conditions)............................................................................................................ 384
31.10 Poles ................................................................................................................................................ 385
31.11 Poles - fire conditions ....................................................................................................................... 386
31.12 Wall - poles ...................................................................................................................................... 387
31.13 Wall ................................................................................................................................................. 391
31.14 Floor ................................................................................................................................................ 391
31.15 Floor - joists ..................................................................................................................................... 391
31.16 Floor - beam .................................................................................................................................... 393
31.17 Floor - external beam....................................................................................................................... 394
32 ASSEMBLY CALCULATION................................................................................................................................... 396
33 FOUNDATIONS ............................................................................................................................................... 398
34 OVER-ROOF STRUCTURAL CALCULATION ............................................................................................................... 399
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II Rules and building code compliance checklist
Part II
Rules and building code compliance checklist
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Rule Description Content Requirement(s) Drawing(s)/Report
(s)
3.2 Team Officers and Contact
Information
Team officer's contact
information completely fulfilled in
Table 1 (SDE WAT)
WAT
4.3 Lot Conditions Drawing(s) showing the storage and unloading areas and
corresponding loads calculations
PD
4.3 Lot Conditions Calculations showing the structural design remains
compliant even if there is a level
difference, and drawing(s) showing shimming methods and
materials to be used in case.
PD
4.4 Footings Drawing(s) showing the locations and depths of all ground
penetrations on the competition
site
PD
4.4 Footings Drawing(s) showing the location, contact area and soil-bearing
pressure of every component
resting directly on the ground
PD
4.5 Construction Equipment
Drawing(s) showing the
assembly and disassembly sequences and the movement of
heavy machinery on the
competition site and
specifications for heavy
machinery
PM p145 - 148
4.7 Generators Generators specifications On-going definition 4.8 Spill and Waste
Products
Drawing(s) showing the locations
of all equipment, tanks and pipes containing fluids during the event
and corresponding specifications
PD
5.1 Solar Envelope Dimensions
Drawing(s) showing the location
of all house and site components
relative to the solar envelope
PD
6.1 Structural Design Approval
Structural drawings and calculations signed and stamped
by a qualified licensed
professional
PM p200
6.1 Electrical and Photovoltaic
Design Approval
Electrical and Photovoltaic
drawings and calculations signed
and stamped by a qualified
licensed professional
PD
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6.1 Codes Design Compliance
List of the country of origin codes
complied, properly signed by the
faculty advisor.
On-going definition
6.2 Maximum Architectural Footprint
Drawing(s) showing all
information needed by the Rules Officials to digitally measure the
architectural footprint
PD
6.2 Maximum Architectural
Footprint
Drawing(s) showing all the
reconfigurable features that may
increase the footprint if operated
during contest week
PD
6.3 Minimum & Maximum
Measurable Area
Drawing(s) showing the Minimum & Maximum Measurable Area.
PD
6.4 Entrance and Exit Routes
Drawing(s) showing the
accessible public tour route,
specifying the entrance and exit
from the house to the main street of the Villa Solar
PD
7.3 PV Technology Limitations
Specifications and contractor
price quote for photovoltaic
components
PD-PV001
7.4 Batteries Drawing(s) showing the location(s) and quantity of stand-alone, PV-powered devices and
corresponding specifications
Electric and
Photovoltaic chart
7.4 Batteries Drawing(s) showing the location(s) and quantity of hard-
wired battery banks components
and corresponding specifications
PD-
7.6 Thermal Energy Storage
Drawing(s) showing the location of thermal energy storage
components and corresponding
specifications
PD
7.7 Desiccant Systems
Drawing(s) describing the
operation of the desiccant
system and corresponding specifications
None
7.8 Humidification systems
Specifications for humidification
systems and corresponding
certifications of the different
elements.
None
8.1 Containers locations
Drawing(s) showing the location
of all the water tanks
PD-PL001
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8.2 Water Delivery Drawing(s) showing the fill location(s), quantity of water
requested at each fill location,
tank dimensions, diameter of
opening(s) and clearance above the tank(s).
PD
8.3 Water Removal Drawing(s) showing the quantity of water to be removed from
each fill location, tank
dimensions, diameter of
opening(s) and clearance above
the tank(s).
PD
8.5 Grey water reuse
Specifications for grey water
reuse systems.
PM p19
8.6 Rainwater Collection
Drawing(s) showing the layout
and operation of rainwater
collection systems
PM p26
8.8 Thermal Mass Drawing(s) showing the locations of water-based thermal mass
systems and corresponding
specifications
PD
8.9 Grey Water Heat Recovery
Specifications for grey water heat
recovery systems.
PM p16
9.1 Placement Drawing(s) showing the location of all vegetation and, if
applicable, the movement of
vegetation designed as part of an
integrated mobile system.
PD
9.2 Watering Restrictions
Drawings showing the layout and
operation of greywater irrigation
systems
On-going design
10.2 SDE Sensors Location and
wire routing
Drawing(s) showing the location
of bi-directional meters,
metering box, sensors, cables
and feed-through to pass the
instrumentation wires from the
interior to the exterior of the house.
PD
11.2 Use of the Solar Decathlon
Europe Logo
Drawing(s) showing the
dimensions, materials, artwork,
and content of all
communications materials,
including signage
PM p60
11.3 Teams sponsors & Supporting
Institutions
Drawing(s) showing the dimensions, materials, artwork,
and content of all
PM p75
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communications materials,
including signage
12.5 Team Uniform Drawing(s) showing the artwork, content and design of the team
uniform
On-going definition
12.6 Public Tour Drawing(s) showing the public tour route, indicating the
dimensions of any difficult point,
complying with the accessibility
requirements.
PM p73
20.0 Contest 6: Drying Method
Drawing(s) showing the drying
Method. (ie the place where the clothes wire will be located)
On-going design
20.0 Contest 6: House
Functioning
Drawing(s) showing the location
of all the appliances and
corresponding technical
specifications.
On-going design
36.5 Photovoltaic systems design
Specifications of PV generators, inverters, wiring, cables,
protections, earthing systems,
interface with the electricity
distribution network.
PM p27-46 & PD
36.5 Photovoltaic systems design
Inverters certificates PM p27-46 & PD
36.5 Photovoltaic systems design
Maintenance plan for PV
generators, supporting structure,
inverters, wiring, cables,
protections and earthing system
PM p27-46 & PD
36.5 Photovoltaic systems design
The corresponding table design summary must be filled out
PM p34
51.3 Fire Safety Specifications for Fire Reaction of Constructive elements,
extinguishers and fire resistance
of the houses structure.
Appendix
51.3 Fire Safety Drawings showing compliance with the evacuation of occupants requirements and fire extinguishers location.
PD
51.4 Safety against falls
Specifications of compliance
with the slipperiness degree
classes of floors included in
House tour
PM p167 and PD(HS)
51.4 Safety against falls
Drawing(s) showing compliance
with conditions for uneven flooring, floors with different
level, Restricted Areas stairs,
PM p167 and PD(HS)
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Public Areas Staircases,
Restricted Areas Ramps and
Public Areas Ramps
51.4 Safety for avoiding trapping and
impact risk
Drawing(s) showing compliance
with conditions for avoiding trapping and impact risk
PM p167 and PD(HS)
51.4 Safety against the risk of
inadequate
lighting
Specifications for level of
illumination of house tour areas
light fittings
PM p167 and PD(HS)
51.5 Accessibility Interior and exterior plans showing the entire accessible
tour route
PD
51.6 Structural Safety Specifications for the use of dead loads, live loads, safety factors
and load combinations in the
structural calculations
PM p200 and PD(ST)
51.7 Electrical and PV System
Specifications of the wiring,
channels, panels and protections
Electric and
Photovoltaic chart
51.7 Electrical and PV System
One-line electrical diagram and
drawings showing the grounding,
execution and paths
Electric and
Photovoltaic chart
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III Contest support document
Part III
Contest support document
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1 Architecture design narrative
1.1 Architecture design narrative
Sumbiosi is created from the symbiosis between men and the house, between the house and the environment and between architecture and
technology. This is really the main concept of Sumbiosi, from what everything
is thought.
In order to create a sustainable house, we focused, during the design process,
on bioclimatic concepts, energetic performance, innovative engineering and
architectural systems, and a great management of resources like energy and
water. All these elements have been put together with architectural concepts
aiming to create a space as adjustable as possible for the residents. By
adjustable we mean, physiologically, functionally and spatially. Indeed,
Sumbiosi can adapt itself according to the time of the day or the season so as
to create the best living environment for human beings.
For that, every architectural and technical choice was made from the human
body for its comfort. Like Le Corbusier compared architecture and human body
for the separated functions, we are making the analogy with the human body
for all the exchanges made inside it, and more than everything with the skin
which is an organ that breathes, reacts to wind, cold and heat and that
protects the inside space. Pores of the skin can retract or dilate themselves to
create the best interior environment.
In Sumbiosi we used this concept of living organism that changes, reacts and
exchanges according to the environment to create the best place to live in.
Thus, we had kind of a biological approach of the architecture.
We also designed ourselves an original cladding for the exterior facades: we
wanted it to be like a protective element of the house as we placed it on the
two thick walls which are qualifying the main space of the house. This
protection is given by a reaction with the exterior light during the day. Indeed,
we randomly fixed many vertical pieces of maritime pine with three different
sections (44mm x 50mm, 44mm x 35mm, and 44mm x 20mm) on a plywood
sheet painted in dark grey. Thus the sunrays reach the facade in a different
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way all around the house, and create various shades and a dynamic ambiance
and a sort of depth in the facade.
In the goal of sustainability, this cladding is made from waste of pine wood
from the pine forest which is using the green joined technology making it even
more sustainable. Then, for the structural elements of the house we used the
best parts of trees and using the rest for the cladding.
Through this kind of project, we really think that we have the possibility to
invent, to create and maybe to make an evolution in the present architecture
and this is what we tried to do in this project.
All our design process was oriented by the bioclimatic concepts which are very
important elements if we want to get the lowest consumption of energy
without any equipment.
The concept is to orientate the house to get the best from the sun and the
environment. Thats why we gave the house this strong north/south orientation
allowing to capture a maximum of calories in winter.
That orientation is also wanted to create a crossed space from south to north.
By crossed space we mean that the inhabitants can easily go from the south
space, more dynamic and warmer, to the north space, cooler and quieter, so
the inhabitants can choose their house and evolve in it as if it was an extension
of them.
We also chose that strong orientation to allow a great natural ventilation to
cool down the house in summer. The air flows through the house entering by
the north and south facades and going out by the upper windows. If we had to
give one word to describe the space created it would be fluid : fluid for the
inhabitants, fluid for the air, fluid for the light and fluid for the energy.
While the north and the south facades are the most open ones with glazing
surfaces, we wanted the east and west facades to be much closed. This aims
to accentuate the concept of the crossed space but its also to protect the
house from the morning and evening sun, which are the ones giving the most
powerful and difficult rays to protect from.
Thats why we created two thick walls that protect the interior space. This
thickness was given for a few reasons. First, it accentuates the orientation
north/south we wished for, and the idea of a crossed space. It also reinforces
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the idea of protection for the inhabitants. But, if we created these two thick
walls it was above all to group the technical elements and to release the
middle space from any of them. Thus, in one of those two blocks takes place
all the technic the house needs. We placed the Vital Box, the kitchen and the
bathroom so we can reduce the pipes length and facilitate the transport and
the construction as it is aimed to be a grouped housing. The integration of the
technical element is part of the architecture, we use it to give strength to it
and to participate to the concept.
In the second thick wall we placed specific furniture. Everything is condensed
in a block but this furniture wall is in fact composed by two layers which have
different functions.
The first one has a multimedia function. When this first layer slides, it forms a
separation in the large living space and then creates a new room for guests. It
also gives access to the second layer where you can store things you do not
use all the time. For example if you want to store your winter clothes during
summer and keep only the summer ones in your dressing.
This modularity is really wanted so the inhabitants can live in agreement with
the seasons and according to their different needs.
Other furniture blocks are placed in the north space from which are deployed
several functions. In the parental room the bed can go up in the cupboard
while a desk can come out from the same furniture.
For a quite small house we wanted to offer the comfort of a large one. Thats
why we designed a rotary element in the furniture separating the parents
room from the bathroom to create a parental suite by linking the bedroom and
the bathroom.
In the children room, the bed can go up to the ceiling to liberate the space for
any others activities.
We can say that the bedrooms we created are quite small but thanks to
the movable elements we can create different uses for these spaces so you
kind of get a bigger house with the same space. With Sumbiosi you can get
more from less.
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We worked on an architecture that takes into consideration the integration of
the technical elements such as solar systems or ventilation. For us, integrating
doesnt mean hiding these elements, but on the contrary, to make with them.
We use these new elements of the house and create the architecture from and
with these systems. They become part of the architecture and important
elements of the design.
And this explains the evolution of Sumbiosi through months. Indeed, at the
very beginning the house had a multiple sloped roof which integrated the solar
systems we thought we would use. But, by the change of these solar systems
we decided to change the architecture. So we changed, neither all the
architecture nor the concepts but mainly the roof part where the solar systems
are aimed to be.
With our new solar systems, we created an over-roof which serves as a solar
protection for the south faade, but it is also an element that captures the sun.
Furthermore, this system of over-roof would allow in the future to install
different solar systems. Its a very modular concept, thus for the industrialized
house we can keep it, even with a possible change of our experimental solar
systems.
With this over-roof we developed the concept of a second skin in the idea of
the symbiosis and the biological approach. This is one of the major elements
which interfere with the environment to create a better atmosphere inside the
house. This second skin captures the suns energy but it is also aimed to
be a protection against it, for the indoor space, and for the outdoor as well.
Indeed, the indoor space extends itself outside and elements from the over-
roof are deployed to create a new space and to protect it.
As for the solar systems, we wanted to create a new architectural element on
the house which is the Ventec system. Its goal is to accelerate the natural
ventilation by the Venturi effect. Its form has been designed with
aerodynamics principles and integrated into the architecture: it creates a
strong architectural sign. For us, the energetic changes we have to make today
in our design is not fate but a real opportunity to imagine and create new
architectural concepts, spaces and forms.
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To create a sustainable house with bioclimatic concepts, we worked on the
materials. To get the lowest grey energy for the house and to develop the local
industry, we mainly used timber (maritime pine) for the construction of
Sumbiosi. Indeed, we live near the biggest cultivated forest in Europe. We
used it for structural materials, for furniture and for the exterior cladding. But,
timber doesnt have a great inertia so its difficult to obtain good thermal
results. Thats why we also used a concrete floor, to give inertia to the house.
This floor allows to store calories in winter during daytime and to restore them
during nighttime. Every material has been chosen for its thermal properties
and according to the life cycle analysis and the aesthetic.
For further information about life cycle analysis please find attached (in the
Appendixes folder) a document named SUMBIOSI_Life_Cycle_Assesment.
Finally, Sumbiosi is a home where the way of life becomes fluid and in
interaction with the environment thanks to the architecture. With Sumbiosi you
dont live against nature but you live with it, you can feel it: your home
becomes alive.
1.2 Lighting design narrative
In Sumbiosi we really wanted to use the light to serve the general concept of
the house. The space let itself be crossed by the light that flows from lots of
different openings so as to get as much natural light as possible.
We worked on the natural light according to the different spaces and the
specific ambiances we wished to have in the house: a dynamic south space
and a quiet north space.
On the south part of the house, where the dynamic and warm space of the
living room takes place, the sun can enter very deeply in the house during
winter thanks to the large glazed openings we created on the facade. Then the
light evolves during the day following the sun directory. Furthermore, we used
a white material for the walls so the light can be reflected to create much
lighted spaces.
On the north space where the quiet functions take place (reading, studying,
working, resting, etc.) we used the north light which is much more diffuse and
homogenous.
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For each room we chose to set up openings going from floor to ceiling so the
light is fully coming in and reflecting very well on each of the horizontal
surfaces. On this same idea, we placed the windows just near a wall to let the
light flow on it.
Thus we chose specific lighting ambiance for each space, so as to be in
agreement with its functions and the activities hold there.
During summer, when we deploy solar protections on Sumbiosi and when the
natural light is consequently lower in the south space, we use the light coming
from the upper part of the roof which has windows oriented to the north so we
can still light up the south space. Thus, this part is very useful for different
purposes: natural ventilation and lighting.
It will be possible to modulate the natural light coming in the house thanks to
shutters or blinds on each of these windows.
As for the artificial lighting we lighted up the top of the two thick walls to
highlight the direction north/south. For the central part of the house we
created a homogenous lighting which can be modulated thanks to the home
automation system. This modulation of the central part allows creating
different atmospheres in the house but it is also useful to make energy
savings. Indeed with this system you can completely shut down the lighting on
one part of the living space.
About the bedrooms part of the house, we used the same system, highlighting
the top of the furniture blocks. The general lighting here is oriented from the
ceiling to the floor creating a space more intimate with a dark ceiling.
Thus, we designed the lighting in agreement with the house concepts, the two
thick walls and the inner space which is translated by two lines of light and a
general lighting in the middle of them.
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2 Engineering and construction design narrative
The engineering design narrative describes and justifies all crucial choices we
made to fulfil our primary objectives. It follows the design procedure that led
us to the final prototype. This procedure is very simple; we first designed the
envelope to limit energy losses then we developed and installed innovative
system to answer to the comfort conditions and after we developed the most
efficient solar systems to produce the energy needs.
In this report we describe how specifications were defined, according to the
competitions brief and teams wishes. Then, technological and architectural
solutions were proposed, discussed and validated, following a co-conception
process between architects and engineers.
2.1 Structural design
Interesting opportunities led us to choose the main construction materials:
timber from the Landes forest. For the project, the use of maritime pine has an
important meaning. First, it demonstrates the mechanical properties of this
species, which are more than acceptable for construction, when timber is
processed to make glulam beams. Moreover, the glulam beams used for
Sumbiosi are produced via an innovative process, especially developed by the
research project ABOVE. This recent project aimed at developing an industrial
process to glue and laminate green timber, before dried out. This method not
only brings stronger properties to the beam than conventional glulam beams,
but also allows to save energy. The availability of this technology was a great
argument in favour of timber. Thus, we decided to develop a house that would
tend to be 100% from maritime pine, in order to support the development of
local activities around timber construction in the region.
Other criteria went in favour of timber construction, particularly with regards to
its environmental impacts. Timber is a renewable material when sustainably
grown, as it is in the Landes forest, and acts as a carbon storage, which makes
it, at least, carbon neutral. Timber also has interesting thermal properties. By
comparison with a steel structure or a solid wall, a timber structure reduces
thermal bridging thanks to its high thermal resistivity. The structure type also
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allows to put insulation between the structural parts, so for the same thickness
of wall than for a concrete wall you have better insulation. However, timber
presents lower thermal mass than concrete, which imposes to find an
alternative way to bring thermal mass to the envelop.
The structure of Sumbiosi will be made of timber frame, whose advantages
are:
Lightness Ease of implementation Possibility of prefabrication Use of green materials
2.2 Materials used
The structural wood used for Sumbiosi will be the maritime pine (pinus
pinaster).
The reason why we choose this kind of wood is simple: the maritime pine is a
local wood which grows in our region and which is already exploited for timber
frame houses.
The advantages of structural wood are explained above, but the use of
maritime pine allows us to work with local companies, reducing wood trip
length, and thus improving the LCA of this material.
Furthermore, the maritime pines forests are managed and controlled to avoid
wood shortage and natural sites destruction risks due to deforestation.
The wood waste derived from the wood beams fabrication can also be used to
produce energy (wood-fired boiler), so the whole wood is used, there is no
waste during wood processing.
2.3 Constructive design
As described in the request for proposal, we used Napevomo House that
participated to SDE 2010 as a base. It is also true for the constructive design.
Indeed, we first used results from 2010 to draw our walls, roof and floor. It
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means that our initial solution was to manufacture (from the inner layer to the
outer layer):
- Wall: Plaster panel (0.013 m), air gap (0.04 m), wood structural panel (0.008
m), flexible wood fibre (0.12 m), rigid wood fibre (0.10 m), water tightness
covering (0.001 m), air gap (0.04 m), wood cladding (0.022 m)
- Roof: Plaster panel (0.013 m), air gap (0.04 m), wood structural panel
(0.008 m), cellulose insulation (0.24 m), wood structural panel (0.022 m),
water tightness covering (0.001 m)
- Floor: Terra cotta (0.10 m), wood structural panel (0.022 m), cellulose
insulation (0.24 m), wood structural panel (0.008 m)
From this initial state, we considered our main aims:
- To work with the local (south west of France) industry
- To consume less energy as possible
- To have a house easy to industrialize
- To build a sustainable house
If we have a look on the first goal, it offers another choice for sustainable
insulating materials: wood, cellulose insulation and sheep wool.
Lets have a look on the second goal then. If we want our house to consume
not so much energy, we have to work on walls composition and junctions.
Indeed, junctions with walls, roof and floor described above are not so good
because of thermal bridges. From there came new compositions that allows us
to avoid thermal losses. It means that we will use the rigid wood fibre panel to
cover the whole envelope, this layer being the outer one. This goal is also the
one at the origin of layer thickness, thanks to simulations described in the
energy analysis and discussion report.
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Finally came the industrialization goal. The two main issues with the initial
drawings were the plaster panels and the cellulose insulation. Indeed, plaster
is easily breakable and it is difficult to transport it. It is going to be replaced by
wood coating. Concerning the cellulose insulation, it is a big challenge to fill
walls with it, compared to sheep wool with the same thermal results. However,
after meeting four different manufacturers, we chose to work with STEICO
which is based in Casteljaloux (in Aquitaine) and produces rigid and flexible
wood fibre.
That is why we finally got the compositions explained below from the
innermost to the outermost layer. They are also described in the project
drawing and later in the report in the Technical Project Summary.
- Wall: Wood coating (13 mm), flexible wood fibre (40 mm), plywood
structural panel (9 mm), flexible wood fibre (140 mm), rigid wood fibre (60
mm), air gap (40 mm), wood cladding (22 mm)
- Roof: Wood coating (13 mm), air gap (57 mm), plywood structural panel (21
mm), flexible wood fibre (160 mm), flexible wood fibre (40 to 160 mm, creates
the roof slope necessary for the rainwater evacuation), rigid wood fibre (40
mm), plywood structural panel (21 mm), water tightness covering (1.15 mm)
- Floor: Composite wood-concrete (12mm), concrete layer (70 mm), wood
structural panel (21 mm), flexible wood fibre (240 mm), rigid wood fibre (40
mm), plywood structural panel (7 mm).
Here is an explanation concerning the role of each layer.
- Flexible wood fibre: main insulating material within the timber frame
- Rigid wood fibre: over- insulating material. It covers the whole envelope to
avoid linear thermal bridges
- Wood coating: create an atmosphere within the house, this is the visible part
of the thermal envelope
- Inner air gap: electronic and electrical networks
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- Plywood structural panel: it has three functions. Indeed, it is a structural
panel and it is also a high resistance against steam diffusion within the wall. It
is finally a protection against fire diffusion.
- Water tightness covering: thanks to this, the water stays outside the house
- Outer air gap: because it is over ventilated, it cancels radiation on walls
during summer, decreasing cooling needs. It also permits to evaporate steam
contained in walls.
- Wood cladding: outermost layer that protect the inner layers.
- Concrete: thermal mass storage that limits heating and cooling needs.
2.4 Multicriteria constructive design
We start from a wood structural for the house conception. The objectives of
this structure were to reach the following points:
Thermal performance: Thermal bridges were limited and insulation
thickness was defined in order to minimize the house consummation.
Industrialization: To reduce the production cost we choose to use two
kind of block 2D and 3D. Moreover these blocks were optimized to minimize
the trucks quantity for transport and handling trucks need.
Environment: We choose the house material in order to minimize the
environmental impact but also the transport between the production factory
and the block fabrication place.
Comfort: To choose the house materials and glasses we take care of the
thermal comfort, humidity, noise, air quality and luminosity.
The choices have been made by a conception between engineer and architect
which allow to take decision in a common background.
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Figure 1 : Multicriterial choice for Sumbiosis constructive design
At the projects beginning we use the result from Napevomo which was
presented at the Solar Decathlon 2010. During the comfort measure test
Napevomo was classed second with the lower energetic consummation on the
villa solar on the whole measured period. So, Napevomos constructive design
was used to make Sumbiosis one.
We combined a bioclimatic architecture with high thermal inertia insulator like
the wood fiber or the cellulose insulation combined to a massive material. In
Napevomo the mudbrick shows it efficiency by helping to respect the thermal
and humidity restriction. A possible amelioration is the diminution of thermal
bridges.
Constructive design
Thermal performance
Cost/ Industrialization
Environment
Comfort
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2.5 Design methodology
To validate the overall architecture and optimise it by proposing concrete
improvements, we used a dynamic thermal simulation tool, the software
Pliades/Comfie, which provided:
An estimation of solar gain An estimation of heating and cooling needs Maximum heating and cooling power needs An optimal thickness of insulation, via a series of tests
With this tool, adjustments were tested to improve dimensions of architectural
elements:
sizes of openings and sunshades thermal mass in the floor envelop composition
We use the following method:
1. Insulation choice with a multricriterial approach 2. Thickness choice for the thermal performance needed 3. Thermal bridges minimization 4. Commercial product study 5. Hygrothermal study to avoid vaporization
Thanks to a series of tests we determined the best composition of walls, floor
and roof. For example, wood fibre revealed very good thermal properties that
were close to glass wool. Also, wood fibre insulation has other interesting
environmental and thermal properties:
it is breathing, so the envelop is not vapour tight it is not noxious when palmed it presents a good compromise insulation/inertia it is renewable it is less embodied carbon than conventional insulation materials it has good acoustic properties
We keep the wood fiber as insulator for the whole thermal outer shell. There
are a lot of different product and utilization for the wood fiber, it can also
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replace the rainscreen. Moreover a local factory is located in Casteljaloux in
Aquitaine (STEICO).
To choose the insulator thickness in each wall we use parametric variation in
order to reach the defined objectives of less than 15kWh/(m2.an) on heating
need. (Figure 2)
For instance on the figure 2 we reach the objectives with a 24cm insulator
thickness. A higher thickness isnt really necessary to reduce the heating
consummation.
We calculate, study and minimize the linear thermal bridges of the house
(integrated, resulting from the block assembly and the piloti.
We compare the solutions with and without insulation over thickness (figure 3
and 4). We obtain 1 W/K by junction on the whole house. The Sumbiosis
thermal bridges represent 20% of the total thermal lost with 23W/K. So its
worth to obtain this 1W/K and it shows the interest of a finest study.
Figure 2 : Influence of wall insulation thickness on annual heat needs
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Figure 3 : Comparison of thermal bridge () for two solutions, with and without additional insulation, under floor module junction
Figure 4 : Comparison of thermal bridge () for two solutions, with and without additional external insulation, at floor and wall junction
The wall composition take care of the calculate necessary thickness, the
thermal bridges reduction but also the product available on the market.
Figure 5 : Available size for external rigid wood fiber panel insulation (STEICOspecial)
Additional insulation
Additional insulation
=0,05 W/(m.K) ->
1,4W/K
= 0,09 W/(m.K) ->
2,5 W/K
= 0,07 W/(m.K) ->
1,9 W/K
= 0,1 W/(m.K) ->
2,7 W/K
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Finally, to avoid any condensation risk a verification of the hygrothermal
transfer was made for each wall. The vapor partial pressure has to be lower
than the equilibrium vapor pressure.
Timber is ideal for having breathing walls, which let water vapour migrating
through the envelop to the exterior while stop air infiltration. This is a passive
hygrometric regulation that naturally improves the air quality and reduces
needs for mechanical ventilation. This is why we chose insulation materials
that were suitable for this technique, like wood fibre panels. It was important
to choose materials that have decreasing vapour permeability from inside to
outside, to evacuate water vapour towards outside and prevent moisture
problems.
So a vapour screen isnt necessary in the wall, the bracing panel(ROPLIN) will
do it. Then the wall allows a humidity natural regulation.
Figure 6 : Study of condensation risk in the wall
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Wat
er v
apor
par
tial p
ress
ure
(P
a)
Wall depth [mm]
EXT INT
Water vapor saturation partial pressure
Water vapor effective partial pressure
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To avoid any condensation risk the roof has to be waterproof. It is the only
wall where a vapor screen is used. In fact on the roof there is no condensation
risk we are also using a ROLPIN panel as vapor screen.
2.6 Envelop composition
The following list gives an explanation concerning the role of each layer.
- Flexible wood fibre: main insulating material within the timber frame - Rigid wood fibre: over- insulating material. It covers the whole
envelope to avoid linear thermal bridges
- Wood coating: create an atmosphere within the house, this is the visible part of the thermal envelope
- Inner air gap: electronic and electrical networks - Wood structural panel: it has three functions. Indeed, it is a structural
panel and it is also a high resistance against steam diffusion within the
wall and floor. It is finally a protection against fire diffusion.
- Water tightness covering: thanks to this, the water stays outside the house
- Rainscreen : it protects the wall from the rain - Vapor barrier : it avoid condensation inside the house thanks to its high
resistance against steam diffusion
- Outer air gap: because it is over ventilated, it cancels radiation on walls during summer, decreasing cooling needs. It also permits to evaporate
steam contained in walls.
- Wood cladding: outermost layer that protect the inner layers.
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Wat
er v
apor
par
tial p
ress
ure
(P
a)
Roof depth [mm]
EXT INT
Water vapor saturation partial pressure
Water vapor effective partial pressure
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- Concrete: thermal mass storage that limits heating and cooling needs (for more details refer to the Comprehensive energy analysis and
discussion report).
2.6.1 Wall composition
1 Wood coating 13 mm
2 Flexible wood fiber40 mm
3 Wood structural panel 9
mm
4 Flexible wood fiber 140
mm
5 Rigid wood fiber 60 mm
6 Rainscreen
7 External cladding
2.6.2 Roof composition
1 water tightness covering
1,15mm
2 Wood structural panel
21mm
3 Rigid wood fiber 40 mm
4 Flexible wood fiber 25 to
150 mm
5 Flexible wood fiber 160 mm
6 Vapor barrier
7 Wood structural panel 21
mm
8 Air gap 50mm
Uvalue = 0,17 W/(m.K)
Uvalue = 0,15 W/(m.K)
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9 Wood coating 15mm
2.6.3 Floor composition
1 Revtement bois bton
12mm
2 Concrete 70mm
3 Wood structural panel 21
mm
4 Flexible wood fibre 160mm
5 Wood structure 160x75mm
6 Rigid wood fibre 80mm
7 Rigid wood fibre 45mm
8 Wood structural panel
7mm
As the acoustic performance of walls has not been studied yet, we wont speak about it in this deliverable. We are working on it with our partner FFB
GIRONDE. Acoustic insulating materials will be integrated in the house
furnishings.
2.6.4 Openings Choice between two main options was considered: double or triple glazing.
Double glazing was finally chosen for every window. Indeed best thermal
performance were obtained with triple glazing; however cost increase greatly
with such windows. So we work mainly on the opaque envelop to obtain our
objective. Thus we chose a higher solar factor for south facing glasses (Fs =
0.63, U-glazing = 1.1 W/(m.K), U-frame = 2.8 W/(m.K)) than for the other
windows (Fs = 0.51, U-glazing = 0.9 W/(m.K), U-frame = 1.3 W/(m.K)).
Uvalue = 0,14 W/(m.K)
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2.7 Plumbing system design
For the whole document, Lombrifiltre is a deposite name but it works like a
Vermifiltration system.
The whole water network has been collected up on the West wall to make both
assembly and dismantling easier. This setting doesnt limit only problems
related to connecting pipes, but it also reduces material and human resource
costs.
To reach this goal, our Partner Profil proposes us one block system called the
Vital Box, which is composed of the kitchen and the technical room.
The water plumbing system is mainly composed of three main elements: the
drinking water supply, the non-collective sanitation system and the rainwater
collection system.
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2.7.1 Drinking water supply Sizing domestic hot water needs:
According to our strategy of reducing consumption and preserving natural
resources, we based our domestic hot water system choice on SUMBIOSI
theoretical figures of consumption. These figures have been raised of 5% to
prevent a little overconsumption.
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The main consumption point in
domestic hot water for a single
person is in the Bath-shower
category, with an average of 40L
per person. In our case (a four
people family), this means a 160L
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need, to which domestic uses consumption must be added.
Therefore we choose a compact solution, including the hot water tank. (see
appendixes: PL-201), that can provide 180L of domestic hot water. Hot water
can de heated by solar system or cvm.
It is an electrical system coupled with a solar one. The electric system is a
backup system to cope with needs that the solar system might not be able to
face depending on the weather.
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2.7.2 Non-collective sanitation system (patented) The system is subject to patent; therefore all the details of the system cannot be disclosed.
Below the diagram of the non-collective sanitation system, the location in the house is attached.
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To optimize the overall size of the system, it became necessary to size the
tanks of the device for non-collective sanitation system.
Common daily consumption of a household is divided as follows:
In SUMBIOSI, we estimated household water consumption allocated as follows:
Consumption margin Expected
consumption Part of drinking
water consumption
Daily consumption (l/d/inhab) 69,65 100%
Bath shower 40,54 58%
Linen 10,4 15%
Dishes 8,66 12%
Food Cooking 8,32 12%
Drinking 1,73 2%
Sanitary 0 0%
Car/Garden 0 0%
Various domestics 0 0%
Figure 19 :
Usual Distribution of average daily
consumption of an inhabitant
Tableau 5 : Average consumption for SUMBIOSI
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From these data it was necessary to evaluate scenarios of consumption based
on the population in the house. For this we developed a file to assess the daily
consumption based on the habits of the population. (See appendixes PL-011).
Youll find below a description of the use of the file.
This Excel spreadsheet is designed to evaluate daily water consumption of a population and to quantify the size of tank of our system of sewerage.
Using: Results are obtained through the ratios between the daily
consumption expected, the scenario of occupation and consumption scenario.
Input data:
Total number of people NTOT
Total number of people NTOT
Daily occupancy scenario
Hour
Nbre de personnes prsentes (semaine)
0:00 4
1:00 4
-------- --------
22:00 4
23:00 4
Total water consumption (l/d/EH) CTOT
Consumption per inhabitant (l/d/hab)
CTOT
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Consumption scenario
0:00 a.m --
7:00 a.m --
12:00 a.m --
10:00 p.m
11:00 p.m
Bath - shower 162,16 -- 1 -- -- 1
Sanitary 0 --
--
--
Linen 41,58 -- -- --
Dishes 34,65 -- 1 -- 1 --
Food - Cooking 33,26 -- 1 -- 1 --
Car/Garden 0 -- -- --
Domestics divers 0 -- -- --
Drinking 6,6 -- 1 -- 1 --
Analysis Context :
Informations :
NTOT = 4 EH CTOT = 85,4 l/d/ha Occupancy scenario :
Hour 0:00 a.m
1:00 a.m
2:00 a.m
3:00 a.m
4:00 a.m
5:00 a.m
6:00 a.m
7:00 a.m
8:00 a.m
9:00 a.m
10:00 a.m
11:00 a.m
Number of people
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 1
Hour 12:00 a.m
1:00 p.m
2:00 p.m
3:00 p.m
4:00 p.m
5:00 p.m
6:00 p.m
7:00 p.m
8:00 p.m
9:00 p.m
10:00 p.m
11:00 p.m
Number of people
2 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 4 4 4 4
Consumption scenario (see Excel file attached)
Results:
After obtaining the results, we add the different consumption at times of
our choice so to best represent the amount of water consumed during the day
and by phase. These hours are to be optimized according to usage scenarios:
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Type of population:
o Young active with/without children; o Seniors retired; o Seasons; o Regions/climates: Mediterranean, north, southwest, center,
etc.
We chose here: 8:00 a.m, 3:00 p.m, 11 :00 p.m.
8:00 a.m : 104,6 L 3:00 p.m : 64,4 L 11 :00 p.m : 172,6 L
Conclusion: With these results, we recommend a storage tank of
treated water downstream of the installation of 300L.
A quantity corresponding to rainfall must be added.
Therefore, we will consider a capacity of 350 L, dimensions: 1,4 x 1,4
x0,18 m (Length x Width x Height).
The storage tank of treated water will design craft for practical reasons,
it will consist in the following:
Treated
water
Irrigation
system
Ultrasonic
level sensor
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As part of the contest and for the smooth running of the house, it is
necessary to incorporate a water tank in order to simulate the initial presence
of 4 pe (population equivalent). The average consumption per day for 4 pe to
SUMBIOSI is about 300L, 4.2 m3 for the contest period
(14 days). The house is still a minimum service; we will
add a 2 m3 tank polyethylene reinforced, impact resistant
and UV.
Specifications
- Color: dark green
- Material : polyethylene renforced, impact resistant and
UV.
- Capacity 2 x 1000 litrers
- Dimensions L x W x H : 2 x (1050 x 770 x 1740) mm
- Net weight : 2 x 43 kg
Cubic tank Small footprint Large inspection cover secure Easy to match.
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Tables of comparative studies and decision support for the choice of Lombrifiltre:
For greywater treatment we chose treatment with earthworms, the system
operates according to the treatment plant Combaillaux (France). The
documentation for the station is attached.
This decision was taken following a comparative study of different types of
treatment devices and water reuse. Here is a summary of the study.
Septik tank +
Spreading Reed bed filters Lagoon
Filters planted with bamboo
Lombriflitre
Sector Individual only
Appropritae for collective Individual difficult to implement
Appropritae for collective Individual difficult to implement
Appropritae for collective Individual difficult to implement
Individual/Collectif
Sizing (for 5
people)
ST : 4 m3
Spreading : 80 m2 10-15 m2 50-75 m2 50 m2 1 m2
Maintenance
- Prefilter, degreaser: cleaning every 6 months - ST: sludge drain every 4 years
- Regular monitoring of facilities - Cleaning out every 10 years (possible use of sludge)
- Regular monitoring of facilities - Cleaning out every 10 years (possible use of sludge)
- Regular monitoring of facilities - Bamboo cutting: every 4 years
- Regular monitoring of facilities - Add a few cm of substrate annually - Full cleaning every 1 years
Quality purification
COD (%): SS (%): P (%):
+ -- -- --
+++ 90 % 95 % Bon si apatite
++ (+ autre technique) 60 % -- 60 %
+ (+ autre technique) -- -- Bon
+++ (+ another technique) 83 % 92 % 10 %
Interaction with the
environment Strong Strong Strong
Low (no water is released into the wilf)
Strong
Cost 3500 - 5000 + 7000 - 9000 +++ ++ (+ autre technique)
++ (+ autre technique)
3000 - 5000 +
Remak No water reuse can Water reuse can Water reuse can No water reuse can Water reuse can
COD: Chemical Oxygen Demand
SS: Suspend Solid
P: Phosphorus
The Lombrifiltre proves to be the sewerage system which suited the best to
individual homes.
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2.7.3 Rainwater collection system Rainwater will be collected in north and south wall, accordance
with roof slopes, then processed and stored through the NCS (Non-
Collective Sanitation) system. It is angled horizontal drain rain, flowing
into a horizontal gutter channeling water to a water box.
Figure 24: Rainwater harvesting in south
wall (detail 1)
Figure 25: Rainwater harvesting in north wall
(detail 2)
Figure 29: rainwater harvesting in west
wall
Figure 27:
Detail 1
Water box
Water box Overflow
Use of
water
Figure 28:
Detail 2
Water box Overflow
Water box
Use of
water
Figure 26:
Section of the
evacuation rain
Sealing
Out rainwater
Extensive vegetation Sterile area
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Appendixes
PL-01 : Plumbing Plan : design by Profil PL-011 : Retail consumption : calculation details PL-012 : Technical documentation of Combaillaux (France)
station (Lombrifiltre)
PL-013 : Irrigation pump : EcoPro pump 34-1 E (Society KSB) PL-101 : Schematic diagram
PL-201 : Compact solution : Nilan
2.7.4 Maintenance and accessibility The sanitation system is concentrated in the closet south west. For
maintenance just open the closet doors that provide access to the system and
act as required.
2.8 Electrical system design
The 4 main criteria for electrical system are energy saving, noise, price and the
interior design. The autonomous house aim makes the energy saving
compulsory. Then, the noise and the cost of each equipment are our second
criteria. In some case, these two subjects could overtake the energy saving
because the noise comfort is important for daily living and our budget may also
be limited. Eventually, the interior design will fix our choice.
The electric cabinet is located on the south east of Sumbiosi behind the
kitchen. The access to the technical room is behind the fridge. The electrical
system maintenance is made this way. A special circuit breaker will be added
in the kitchen in order to cut off the house electricity. The electrical protection
complies with the French regulation (NF C 15-100). Electromagnetic emissions
are reduced with the use of special electrical cables.
The home automation system provides for residents advice on their energy
(electricity and water) consumption when it is higher than the usual and
consumption diagrams and sensibilized them to a better way of life. The aim is
to increase awareness of the energy needs and therefore curb the useless
energy consumption in the house. The system is able to take care of repetitive
tasks and control automatically power decisions (turn on/off the lights, the
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ventilation, etc.) in order to ensure the whole autonomy of the house.
Moreover the meteorological data are acquired in order to anticipate the
change of weather and thus optimize the supplies of water and electricity. Thus
the house is energy independent. Furthermore the use of sensors without
batteries is an efficient means of saving energy and raw materials.
2.8.1 Calculations and justifications All the equipments used for the PV installation are located in the technical
room which is closed by a door. Indeed in the technical room there are the 3
inverters, the battery bank, the protection devices and junction boxes. The PV
and CPV modules are on the roof, they are not accessible.
Warning labels will be placed on all junction boxes.
For the maintenance of the PV and CPV modules maintenance way is done on
the roof to access to the modules. For all the devices located in the technical
room, the access is easy by entering in the room.
All the equipments are grounded by a copper cable with a section of16mm.
The neutral is also grounded.
For all the cables you will find below the calculations.
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Circuit
:
5000TL A
Nb of chanel (Nc) : 1
Nb modules/chanel
:
10
Modules
ref. :
Rezosolar RS 250 250Wc
Umpp
(Vdc) :
30,12 Impp (A) : 7,97 Ir
(A)
:
20 Uocgenmax
(-20) :
437,3
Uoc
(Vdc) :
37,06 Icc (A) : 8,57 Coef. T
(%/C) :
0,4 Uocgenmin
(+80) :
289,1
Protection of
modules
Ncmax
(1+Ir/Icc) :
2,45
Fuse (1,4Icc
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0,0023 mm/m
Cable modules Cable Cable Cable
section 4 6 6
lenght (ml) 10 17 2
Impp (A) 7,97 7,97 7,97
Umpp (Vdc) 301,2 301,2 301,2
Voltage drop
(%)
0,03 0,03 0,00
Global voltage drop (%) : 0,07
Circuit
:
SB1200
Nb of chanel (Nc) : 1
Nb modules/chanel :
15
Modules
ref.
:
Opel solar Mk-Id 90Wc
Umpp (Vdc) :
15,6 Impp (A) : 5,8 Ir (A)
:
0 Uocgenmax (-20) :
278,6
Uoc
(Vdc) :
17,4 Icc (A) : 6,4 Coef. T
(%/C) :
0,15 Uocgenmin
(+80) :
239,5
Protection of
modules
Ncmax
(1+Ir/Icc) :
na
Calibre fusible (1,4Icc
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Method of
installation
K1 14 F 1 (52G)
Temperature K2 50 0,82 (52K)
Nb of layers K3 1 1 (52N)
Nb of contiguous
circuit
K4 2 1 (52O)
Result : I'z/(K1.K2.K3.K4) = 7,80
Voltage drop
U/U(%)=((2LI/S)/U)x100 avec = 0,0023 mm/m
Cable modules Cable Cable Cable
section 4 6 6
lenght (ml) 15 17 2
Impp (A) 5,8 5,8 5,8
Umpp (Vdc) 234 234 234
Voltage drop
(%)
0,04 0,03 0,00
Global voltage drop (%) : 0,08
In the DC protection boxes there is an unpolarized disconnecting switch with a
maximum voltage of 600V and we have 400V in our installation. Besides the
maximum current of the switch is 25A and we have 6.25A in our installation.
For the direct and indirect contact protection, in the AC protection box there is
a GFCI 30mA type PV Asi and a GFCI 1P + N 25A.
2.8.2 Lombrifiltre and watering control
2.8.2.1 Lombrifiltre needs House gray water is processed by lombrifiltre in order to reuse it like watering
water for the plant wall. The system is composed of a crusher, a first storage
tank buffer, the lombrifiltre itself and a second storage tank cistern. The
second tank cistern is used for the plant wall and the tank buffer feed
steadily the lombrifiltre.
After each tank, a pump is controlled with the water level, the earthworms and
plant needs. The main aim is to pilot the whole system the best way. The two
pumps are ordered in ON/OFF. A low-level must be respected in the tank to
keep the pumps prime.
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2.8.2.2 Watering pump control: Many irrigating areas will be commanded. The irrigation will be done for 2
different areas, the green roof and the plants around the deck. The pump
power is chosen in order to run with only one valve opens at the same time.
Tank sensors detect in real time the water level to manage the best way the
use of water. Some home automation script will optimize the earthworm water
consumption. Two ON/OFF sensors in each tank will detect the water low-level
and the water high-level. The low-level maintains the pumps prime and the
high-level prevents for water sensors flooding.
The lombrifiltre pump will be controlled the same way. The practice time will
give us back recommendations about water earthworms needs. A buried
humidity sensor will be placed in the earthworm life area. In the vacation
mode, the tank cistern water would be saved the longest time it is possible in
order to keep the earthworm alive. In the normal mode, the tank cistern
level will be high anticipating the next vacation time.
The earthworm life area is located in the middle of the lombrifiltre so the
humidity level will be shift phase. The shift will be calculated and the pump
control will be adapted. This pump is ON/OFF working.
2.8.3 Plumbing system home automation The water consumption will be followed by the home automation. The aim is to
communicate the water wasting to users in order to help them to change their
habits. The data will be provided by the supervisor on the IPAD, so the
consumer can try to improve his performances.
2.9 Photovoltaic system design
2.9.1 General description The solar systems were a very important part of our thinking. We consider that
for the Solar Decathlon Europe 2012 and for the future of housing its
necessary to research about solar systems to improve them. Therefore we
thought the best strategy for our project. We want, through Sumbiosi project,
to increase public awareness of new technologies and an intelligent use of
energy. We also want to improve actual technologies and make a difference in
this field.
Based on this reflection we decided to design and use two different solar
systems. The first one is a completely innovative system and the second one is
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an industrially one. In these two cases we have to optimize the system. The
industrially system will produce all the energy necessary for the proper
functioning of the house (electricity and hot water). The innovative one will be
made to show the new technology and will produce a part of the energy for
household needs. This technology is studied in order to show that some
solutions exist to improve the energy efficiency in solar systems. These ones
are a very good solution to generate solar electricity for ecological districts.
Indeed the design of this product is not suitable for individual houses but very
efficient for a quarter with several building and electrical storage.
You can see in this picture the roof of Sumbiosi project with solar systems. In
the center of the roof there are 6 CPVs systems. These ones focus sunlight to
minimize the photovoltaic ar