Lincoln LaboratoryMASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

LEXINGTON, MASSACHUSETTS

DOT/FAA/SE-93/2

Project ReportATC-200

ADS-Mode S:Initial System Description

V.A. Orlando

2 April 1993

Prepared for the Federal Aviation Administration, Washington, D.C. 20591

This document is available to the public through the National Technical Information Service,

Springfield, VA 22161

This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Federal Aviation Administration, Department of Transportation, in the interest of information

exchange. The U.S. Government assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof.

TECHNICAL REPORT STANDARD TITLE PAGE

a

/

II

.

1. Report No. 2. Government Accessfon No.

ATCSOO DOTIFAAISJ?-93/2

3. Recipient’s Catalog No.

I

4. Title and Subtitle

ADS -?&de S: Initial System Description

5. Repoti Date . 2Aprill993

6. Performing Organizatfon code

7. Author(s) V.A. Orlando

9. Performing Organfration Name and Address

Lincoln Laboratory, MIT P.O. Box 73 Lxington, MA 02173-9108

8. Performing Drgankatfon Report No.

ATC-200

IO. Work Unit No. (TRAIS)

11. Contract or Grant No. *

DTFAOl-92-Z02010

2. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address Depmanent of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration Syeteme Research and Development Service Washington, DC 20591

5. Supplementary Notes

13. Type of Report and Period Covend

Project Report

14. Sponsoring Agency Code

This report is baaed on studies performed at Lincoln Laboratory. a center fur reaearcb operated by Maasrchuaettn Institute of Technology under Air Force Contract F19628-90-C-0002.

- 6. Abstract

Dependent Surveillance and the Mode S beacon radar. The result ia an integrated concept for seamless eurveillance and data link that permita equipped aircraft to participate in ADS or beacon ground environmenta. Thin offers many possibilities for van&ion from a beacon to an ADS based environment.

The ADS-Mode S concept in baaed on use of the Mode S squitter. The Mode S aquitter is a spontaneous, periodic (once per second) %-bit Mode S broadcast contniniig the Mode S 24-bit address. Thiri broadcnat is provided by all Mode S transponders and in used by tbe Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) to acquire Mode S equipped aircraft. For ADS-Mode S we, this squirter broadcast is extended to 112 hits to provide for the transmission of a Mbit ARS message field. The ADS sqoitter is transmitted in addition to the current TCAS squitter in order to maintain comp&biKty with current TCAS equipment.

This paper defmes the ADS-Mode S concept, describes its principal surveillance and data link applications and provides estimates of expected performance.

7. Key Words 113. DlsMburion Statement

Mode S Automatic Dependent Surveillance Data Link

This document is available to tbe public through tbe National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161.

1

9. Security Classif. (of this report) 20. %curity Classif. (of this page) 21. No. of Pages 22. Price

Unclnssified Unclassified 90

=ORM DOT F 1700.7 (8-72) Reproduction of completed page authorized

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The original concept for ADS-Mode S was first proposed by Paul R. Drouilhet, Assistant Director of Lincoln Laboratory.

Under FAA sponsorship, Lincoln Laboratory established a small study team to further define the characteristics and performance of ADS-Mode S. This study team was lead by the author and included the following Lincoln Staff members:

Edward T. Bayliss Robert E. Boisvert William H. Harman George H. Knittel David Reiner Loren M. Wood

Valuable contributions to the development of the concept were also made by P. Douglas Hodgkins of the FAA.

TABLE OF CONTENTS .

Introduction .............................................................................................................................................................. 1

Report Overview ...................................................................................................................................................... 2

Background .............................................................................................................................................................. 4

Current Mode S S’quitter .......................................................................................................................................... 6

ADS-Mode S Squitter Format ..... . ........................................................................................................................... 8

ADS-Mode S Concept ........................................................................................................................................... 10

ADS-Mode S Surveillance Applications ............................................................................................................... 12

Related Data Link Capability ................................................................................................................................ 14

Air-To-Ground Surveillance .................................................................................................................................. 16

ADS-Mode S Air Surveillance .............................................................................................................................. 18

ADS-Mode S Surface Surveillance ....................................................................................................................... 20

TCAS With ADS-Mode S ..................................................................................................................................... 22

TCAS Air-Air Information .................................................................................................................................... 24

ADS-Mode S Benefits ........................................................................................................................................... 26

Fundamental Questions ......................................................................................................................................... 30

Message Capacity .................................................................................................................................................. 32

Squitter Impact On Channel Occupancy ............................................................................................................... 34

ADS Operational Range ........................................................................................................................................ 36

ADS-Mode S Operating Density ........................................................................................................................... 38

ADS-Mode S Performance Summary ................................................................................................................... 40

Precision Runway Monitor .................................................................................................................................... 44

Cockpit Display Of Traffic Information (CDTI) ................................................................................................... 46

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INTRODUCTION

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has defined a concept for communications, navigation and surveillance for the next century known as the Future Air Navigation System (FANS). A cornerstone of the FANS is the increasing reliance on the use of satellite-based navigation systems such as the Global Positioning System (GPS). A second thrust of the FANS is surveillance based on the down linking of aircraft-derived satellite position information. This technique is known as Automatic Dependent Surveillance (ADS).

The general application of ADS will require that all aircraft in a region of airspace be equipped with satellite navigation and some form of data link. Since such general equipage will take many years, early implementation is expected to take place in regions where other surveillance techniques are not practical, e.g., over ocean and in remote areas.

Planning is currently underway for ADS to support Air Traffic Control (ATC) management of oceanic routes. Significant economic benefits are anticipated due to the reduction in separation (and the resultant capacity increase) made possible by ADS. This form of ADS connects an aircraft via a point-to-point link with the controlling oceanic ATC facility.

The application of ADS in other areas requires a more general form of ADS in which the aircraft broadcasts its position in an omni-directional fashion. This makes it possible for one ADS transmission to simultaneously serve the surveillance needs of multiple ground ATC and airborne collision avoidance activities.

ADS-Mode S is a system concept that merges the capabilities of Automatic Dependent Surveillance and the Mode S beacon radar. The result is an integrated concept for seamless surveillance that permits equipped aircraft to participate in ADS or beacon ground environments. This offers many possibilities for transition from a beacon to an ADS-based environment.

This report provides an initial system description of the ADS-Mode S concept. and reissued as progress is made in the development of this concept.

It is anticipated that this report will be updated

1

N

‘, .

1

OVERVIEW

FUNDAMENTAL QUESTIONS

OTHER ADS APPLICATIONS

IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES

SUMMARY

SUPPORTING STUDIES

OUTLINE

P

BACKGROUND

l FAA EVALUATING SECOND BUY ALTERNATIVES

l GPWGLONASS PROVIDES BASIS FOR ADS

l AIR/GROUND DATA LINK REQUIRED - INlTlAL STUDY FOCUSED ON VHF DATA LINK

l VHF FOR ADS RAISED CONCERNS: - CAPACITY - DELIVERY DELAY - SPECTRUM AVAILABILITY - SUPPORT FOR TCAS

l LINCOLN PROPOSES ADS-MODE S - BASED ON MODIFIED MODE S SQUllTER

5

c .

CURRENT MODE S SQUITTER (FOR TCAS ACQUISITION)

l

561BIT SQUITTER

7

ADS-MODE S SOUI’ITEZR FORMAT

The format of the current 56-bit format is shown in the figure. Since the Mode S message protocol defines both 56-bit and 112-bit replies, the proposed approach is to define an additional squitter for ADS that uses a 112-bit format. This creates a 56-bit message field for ADS data. All other fields remain the same as in the original squitter.

4 ADS-MODE S SQUITTER FORMAT

‘1’

I . CURRENT (56 BITS)

I I I CONTROL MODE S

ADDRESS PARITY c

ADS-MODE S (112 BITS)

CONTROL MODE S ADDRESS

ADS MESSAGE - 56 BITS PARITY

9

01

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J.dEKlNO3 s =;aocIv-sav

ADS-MODE S CONCEPT

ADS 11243IT SQUlTl=ER

ADS-MO5E S GROUND STATION

11

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ADS-MODE S SURVEILLANCE APPLICATIONS

l AIR-GROUND

- EN ROUTE

- TERMINAL

- PRECISION RUNWAY MONITORING (PRM)

l SURFACE

- RUNWAY AND TAXIWAY

l AIR-AIR

- IMPROVED TCAS

- COCKPIT DISPLAY OF TRAFFIC INFORMATlON (CDTl)

13

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‘ ,

a I- a n

91

4

.

AIR-TO-GROUND SURVEILLANCE

EN ROUTE

l USE MULTIPLE 100 NM ADS-MODE S GROUND STATIONS - PROVIDES BETTER LOW ALTITUDE COVERAGE

l LOCATE RECEIVERS AT EXISTING FAA FACILITIES

- RCOs, VORs, ETC.

TERMINAL

l USE 50 NM ADS-MODE S GROUND STATIONS

1

17

. .

ADS-MODE S AIR SURVEILLANCE GPS

SATELLITES

TERMINAL OMNI-ANTENNA

RECEIVE SQUITTERS 1090 MHz TRANSMIT DGPS 1030 MHz

i//i

OMNI-SQUITTERS .

V-Y EN ROUTE

6-SECTOR ANTENNA RECEIVE SQUITTERS 1090 MHz

TRANSMIT DATA LINK 1030 MHz

217615-2

19

02 I

ADS-MODE S SURFACE SURVEILLANCE

1090 MHz OMNI-SQUITTERS

TWICE PER SECOND

2 OMNI-ANTENNAS RECEIVE SQUITTERS 1090 MHz TRANSMIT DATA LINK 1030 MHz

221342-I

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ADS-MODE S TCAS WITH ADS

GPS SATELLITES

ADS-MODE SITCAS

ADS-MODE S ADS-MODE SITCAS

l ADS CAN SUPPORT PASSIVE TCAS SURVEILLANCE

- TO A TAU OF 40 SEC IF GPS SA IS QN

- FOR ALL SURVEILLANCE IF GPS SA IS OFF

l CAN REDUCE THE ALERT RATE FOR TCAS 2 TWRQUGH THE

USE OF MISS DISTANCE FILTERING

l PROVIDES-A BASIS FOR TCAS 3 23

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NOILVI~~IOLMI XW-XIV SVX.

TCAS AIR-AIR INFORMATION .

l CURRENT MODE S TRANSPONDERS CAN PROVIDE AIRBORNE DATA ON REQUEST TO THE GROUND

- 250, FIFTY-SIX BIT REGISTERS

l SAME CAPABILITY TO BE PROVIDED FOR THE TCAS AIR-AIR LINK

l AIR-AIR DATA COULD INCLUDE - SPEED - HEADING

- INTENT

25

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ADS-MODE S BENEFITS

l SYSTEM APPROACH TO ADS THAT PROVIDES A NUMBER OF SURVEILLANCE AND DATA LINK CAPABILITIES

l NO FREQUENCY SPECTRUM PROBLEMS

l OWNED AND OPERATED BY THE FAA

l PROVIDES ENHANCEMENTS TO EXISTING BEACON SURVEILLANCE APPLICATIONS

l SINGLE AVIONICS SET PROVIDES BEACON RADAR AND ADS CAPABILITY - COMPATlBLE WITH EXISTING BEACON SYSTEMS

- PROVIDES FOR SMOOTH TRANSITION TO ADS

27

OUTLINE

l OVERVIEW

Q l FUNDAMENTAL QUESTIONS

l OTHER ADS APPLICATIONS

l IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES

l SUMMARY

l SUPPORTING STUDIES

29

b

FUNDAMENTAL QUESTIONS

l CAN A LONG MODE S SQUllTER SUPPORT ADS? m SUFFICIENT MESSAGE CAPACITY

- ACCEPTABLE MODE S 1090 MHZ CHANNEL USAGE

l WILL IT PROVIDE ADEQUATE RANGE?

l CAN IT OPERATE IN HIGH TRAFFIC DENSITIES?

31

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LLLmvdv3 mvssaN

FUNDAMENTAL QUESTIONS

MESSAGE CAPACITY

ADS-MODE S (112 BITS)

CONTROL MODE S ADDRESS

ADS MESSAGE - 56 BITS PARITY

AIRBORNE POSITION FORMAT (0.5

TYPE TIME LAT - LONG BAR0 ALT SPARE

SURFACE POSITION FORMAT (0.5 SEC UPDATE)

TYPE TIME LAT - LONG HDG - MOVEMENT

IDENTlFlCATlON FORMAT ( 5 SEC UPDATE)

TYPE N/A ICAO AIRCRAFl’ I.D.

33

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Ai3NVdflXlO XINNVHf) NO .LLC)trdRUI ?ELLLIfiO~

SQUITTER IMPACT ON CHANNEL OCCUPANCY

(REPLIES PER TRANSPONDER PER SECOND)

ATCRBS

l GROUND

MODE S

l GROUND

l SQUITTER

l ALL-CALL

l TCAS

.OCCUPANCY (p SEC)

100 2000

1 SHORT 64

4 LONG 480

1 SHORT 64

1 SHORT 64

5 SHORT 320

l-

I L

2992 @EC

CHANNEL OCCUPANCY (CURRENT SQUIlTER) CHANNEL OCCUPANCY (ADS SQUITTERS)

(ADDITIONAL 264 @EC)

0.299% 0.326%

35

CL.

m

r .

4 ,

FUNDAMENTAL QUESTIONS

ADS OPERATIONAL RANGE

l &~CA;;XPERIENCE IS DESIGN BASELINE FOR SQUITTER

l RANGE IMPROVEMENTS ARE RELATlVELY EASY m ANTENNA GAIN VIA VERTICAL APERTURE I ANTENNA GAIN VIA HORIZONTAL SECTOR BEAMS - REDUCED NOISE FIGURE

l l~‘l%$f~~ENTS PRODUCE CONSERVATIVE ADS SQUITI-ER

w 50 NM USING OMNI-DIRECTIONAL ANTENNA I 100 NM USING 6-SECTOR ANTENNA

l RANGE IS COMPARABLE TO VHF DATA LINK 1

37

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*paDnpaJ s! 6iyy~ &uzl!~ux se a!izaJDap 01 pqmdxa s! o&n?ua% aDuaJaJla)tq aq130 wauodtuo:, s!qL wo@o.ualu! A.Is~~~~J 01 anp ale puno.G aql uro.13 pa!cya sa!ldaJ ~8x3~~ ar.p 30 O~SL rCIqew!xoJdde lleyl OS@ aloe ‘fj apoyy: ~03 as&?3 IS.IOM palvd!Dyutz tn? sapysu! pue ‘SV~J, put? s apoN 30 1uaurdolaAap ag uj pahlasqo SCIII?.I 6IdaJ Japuodswa S~~J,V isaq%!q am swsardas ii aBuy? asw ISJOM awwxa UB s! syi IE~J SON

*sJaUlnbs s(~tr am ,103 iunocw 01 pi 01 past?a.~u~ uaaq sey PUOXS XXI sa!IdaJ s apom 30 Jaqurnu ayl pue ‘uo!yado SVC)LC ~03 pappe uaaq seq puo3as dad sa1Ida.s S~~J,V 02 30 peon @uop!ppe ue leq) )daDxa ‘Ja!$t?a pasn opuace aDuaJa3.Iaiu! as??3 ISJOM ayl uo pasoq sf pazd@ue as3 )SJIJ au

ihuy~ado s apoK-gay aw u! pawasaJd aa s~sd@ue s~q~ 30 s~lewa) ‘(dpnls ihr~oddns .rcl!su~

‘~awlcs acwql!atins luaun3 ag 30 aAyz$uasaJdar sr aDut?uuo3& s!ru, y&‘&j 01 p?nba JO IIIT~I Jat?aJ% a~ plnoqs S~UOXJS s IOaAa acwo ]waI 1~ aepdn ue 30 &jI!qeqoJd aqi leqi pauxnsw q+qiki pai9npuoD sw sysd~eur! us ‘s apoty-SW ~03 Qsuap %uy?.xado arI, alleuulsa 01 Jap.xo UI

FUNDAMENTAL QUESTIONS

ADS/MODE S OPERATING DENSITY 5 SECOND UPDATE, RELIABILITY 2 99.5%

CASE

1*

2

3 **

REPLIES/AIRCRAFT/SEC 1 MA;r;tD;b%c;AFT

ATCRBS 1 MODES OMNI ANTENNA 6-SECTOR ANTENNA

R=l50NM R=250NM

85 215

* CURRENT HIGH DENSITY ** ALL MODE S WITH NOMINAL DATA LINK ACTIVITY

39

ADS-MODE S PERFORMANCE SUMMARY

SQUI-ITER

l HAS THE MESSAGE CAPACITY l CAUSES NEGLIGIBLE 1090 MHZ IMPACT

RANGE

l ACHIEVES REQUIRED OPERATING RANGES

TRAFFIC DENSITY

l SUPPORTS MODERATE TRAFFIC DENSITIES IN HIGH ATCRBS INTERFERENCE ENVIRONMENTS

l CAN SUPPORT HIGH TRAFFIC DENSITIES IF ATCRBS FRUIT IS REDUCED

41

. .

,

OUTLINE

l OVERVIEW

l FUNDAMENTAL QUESTIONS

0 l OTHER ADS APPLICATIONS - PRECISION RUNWAY MONITOR - CDTI - SMALL TERMINAL SENSOR - GAP FILLER

l IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES

l SUMMARY

l SUPPORTING STUDIES

43

I -

%OLINOl’U AVMNfRl NOISI3XlI6

.

PRECISION RUNWAY MONITOR

l ADS-MODE S WITH DIFFERENTIAL GPS - HIGH ACCURACY

- FASTUPDATERATE

l 20 NM OPERATING RANGE

l AN ALTERNATlVE TO THE E-SCAN RADAR

- MORE ACCURATE THAN E-SCAN AT RANGES GREATER THAN 2 NM

l ISSUE: PERFORMANCE IN MULTIPATH ENVIRONMENT

45

WC3A~i333J~S~OU-MO~ 30 3StW~I$hO~~~O~ papU~X~~Ue~a~~S!yl‘sJUa~UOJrAUa cma~aplu! MOI UI ‘sv3~ u! asotp 01 IuaIeAyba SJC~A!CWJ %x!sn naa ~03 pavoddns aq ~3 m 9~ 30 a%uel: v

P

a K

r

'Sl?aJe 9lOUIaJ U@%J~ 30 %UIJOl!UOUIaqlJO3JO &J~AO%ipnl~~ MO1 JO3 U!IIrJt? %U!p!AoJd u! asn 30 aq 1103 S!Y,L Y&J~AO~ alnoJ ua ~03 J~II~J de% B 30 910~ aql II! s! s apo~-fj(-nf 30 uoyexldde It?.m]t?u ~aqlotqf

‘is03 y%y s)! 01 anp uraurd~nba uoax?q punoJ% @uoyra~uo~ ~03 A3gmb IOU pIno& i??q~ SJOU~JJ~ CJIJ~I?JJ MOI u!asn ~03 papualuf s! JOSWS S!rU, -JOSUG~S~+IJ~ ~@ursq ~03 yzoJddo ~SO~MOIB appioJdbpx%?p u??3 sapo~-ga’fj

SNOLLVXIddV S EICIOWSCW 7VNOILKXlV

ADDITIONAL ADS-MODE S APPLICATIONS

l SMALL TERMINAL SENSOR

- SURVEILLANCE SERVICE FOR LOW-TRAFFIC TERMINALS

l GAP FILLER FOR EN ROUTE COVERAGE

- FILL IN FOR LOW ALTlTUDE COVERAGE

- AIRWAY MONITORING IN REMOTE AREAS

49

OUTLINE

l OVERVIEW

l FUNDAMENTAL QUESTIONS

l OTHER ADS APPLICATIONS

0 l IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES

l SUMMARY

l SUPPORTING STUDIES

51

0 cr,

REQUIRED STANDARDS ACTIVITY

MODE S MOPS AND SARPS

l MODIFICATION TO DEFINE NEW SQUIlTER FORMAT

TCAS MOPS AND SARPS

l MODIFICATION TO RECEIVE LONG SQUllTER AND TO UTILIZE ADS DATA FOR SURVEILLANCE

ADS MOPS AND SARPS (CURRENTLY IN DEVELOPMENT)

l STANDARDIZATION OF THE FORMATS FOR ADS AND DIFFERENTIAL GPS CORRECTION

53

, r

.

1

AVIONICS MODIFICATIONS

TCAS MODS

l ACCEPT’LONG OR SHORT MODE S SQlJllTER (OPTIONAL)

l SOFlWARE AND/OR HARDWARE CHANGE DEPENDING ON TCASMANUFACTURER

MODE S TRANSPONDER MODS

l TRANSMIT LONG SQUllTER

l SOfV’WARE CHANGE TO DATA LINK TRANSPONDER FOR ALL MANUFACTURERS

55

9s

ruawdyba punoJ% S aPoIWSCIV ayl30 slUaWaIa SUOpt?A aql Jayla801 ai1 01 papaau SE luauId!nba suo~??+uwu.uo~ 31aqs-am-330 s! srq~,

‘SJasn 3LV 01 uu?a;r)s ax.w~~!ahlns ssa~weas ‘paie~a~~o~ e ap!AOJd put? svodaJ alexldnp ssaJddns 01 ~apJo II! luawd!nba uoxaq @uogua~uo~ 30 asoy) ~11~ s~a~!a3a~ s apoN-SaV ayl 30 lndlno aql sau!quIoa leql J~~SEJI Josuas~lInur a sasnoq acy~ap s!y,c

xwu.w~ asaq~ 30 sluaucynbar a~ 01 II.IEA~I~J an A%oIouqm EUU~LIE sva,c pue ~?JJE uado 1003 g-au ‘a1qa ayl u! uhoqs SE suopwgdde 1ua~a33ip aqi yoddns 01 paJ!nbaJ ale srzuua~ur! IEJ~A~S

‘SVX Jo3 Pasn JWUrSUW aql3o UoFJaA paJaMod Ja@j I! s! S!qJ, *suogwgdde snoyt?A ~03 pagpads c+q II!M SJa’l~!UISUl?J) ~JOUJ Jo au0

OS l!Un SVDL f! JO3 SwauodwoD lUaIEA!Uba 01 JQUIfS St JaAiaXU S1q.L *Lwnpu! 1cq pooisJapun 113~ s! d%ojouqDai am

-suopwgddE III! JO3 pag!%ds !q JaA!aXlJ a@qs \r

:luaurdyh %u~Mo~~o~ ag 30 luau.taJnmJd ayl ~03 paJInbaJ aq IQM SUOg?~)g!%ds warudph punoJ% s)t 30 uopgap ayl UJ ldamo3 Jelnpow I! sazypn s apoty-gm

1090 MHZ RECEIVING STATIONS

l SINGLE RECEIVER FOR ALL APPLICATIONS

1030 MHZ TRANSMIITER

l ONE OR MORE TYPES DEPENDING ON APPLICATIONS

ANTENNAS

l OMNI

l 6 SECTOR

l SURFACE

l PRM

PROCESSOR

l MULTISENSOR TRACKER

-

l GROUND TRANSFER OF ADS DATA

SPECIFICATIONS REQUIRED FOR ADS-MODE S GROUND EQUIPMENT

57

OVERVIEW

FUNDAMENTAL QUESTIONS

OTHER ADS APPLICATIONS

IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES

SUMMARY

SUPPORTING STUDIES

OUTLINE

59

S

P

SUMMARY L

l ADS-MODE S PROVIDES A NATURAL TRANSITION TO GPS-BASED SURVEILLANCE

l MODE S CAN TRANFER ADS DATA WITH MINOR MODIFICATIONS.

l ONLY MINOR CHANGES ARE NEEDED TO EXISTING STANDARDS

l USES EXISTING FREQUENCY ALLOCATION, AND EXISTING FAA REAL ESTATE

l SYSTEM OWNED AND OPERATED BY THE FAA

l OTHER BEACON-BASED SURVEILLANCE ACTIVITIES CAN BE ENHANCED

7

61

OUTLINE

OVERVIEW

FUNDAMENTAL QUESTIONS

OTHER ADS APPLICATIONS

IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES

SUMMARY

SUPPORTING STUDIES

63

.

SUPPORTING STUDIES

l ADS-MODE S OPERATING RANGE

0 l ADS SQUllTER FORMATS

l ADS-MODE S OPERATING DENSITY

65

c ADS-MODE S MESSAGE STRUCTURE

TYPE FIGURE OF MERIT

AIRBORNE POSITION DGPS 5M

WADGPS* 10M

GPS 100M

DGPS 5M

GPS 100M

WIDE AREA DIFFERENTIAL GPS

SURFACE POSITION

AIRCRAFT ID

67

. I

Y

L

SURFACE POSITION MESSAGE SQUll-l-ERED TWICE PER SECOND

6 TRUE HEADING Il.4 DEG 0 TO 360 DEG 6 MOVEMENT

VALUE SIGNIFICANCE 0 NOT MOVING _

1 TO 69 VELOCITY 1 TO 59 KTS 60 VELOCITY 2 60 KTS 61 DECELERATION-BRAKING 62 ACCELERATION - TAKE OFF 63 BACKING UP

I .

c

SUPPORTING STUDIES

t

l ADS SQUllTER FORMATS

0 l ADS-MODE S OPERATING RANGE

l ADS-MODE S OPERATING DENSITY

71

. ,

W

> u 3 cn u a cn W

P

0 > I cn P

a

T- E

f fr m

m

m

m

$

e %

i E

. . .

w

= .--

3

. Y

,

SUPPORTING STUDIES

l ADS SQUIITER FORMATS

l ADS-MODE S OPERATING RANGE

0 l ADS-MODE S OPERATING DENSITY

75

, .

INTERFERENCE ANALYSIS CONSIDERATIONS

l MODE S SQUITTER CAN BE CORRECTLY RECEIVED IF:

- OVERLAID BY NO MORE THAN ONE ATCRBS REPLY

- NOT OVERLAID BY A MODE S REPLY

l REPORT PROBABILITY PER (I;-SEC UPDATE MUST BE EQUIVALENT TO CURRENT OPERATION

- GREATER THAN 99.5%

l MULTIPLE SQUIlTERS AVAILABLE PER UPDATE

- TWO SQUllTERS PER SECOND

- UPDATE RATE OF 5 SECONDS

77

r

PR

OB

AB

ILIT

Y

OF

AT

LEA

ST

1 S

UC

CE

SS

0 b 0 in

0

0 0

;I b

0 b c 4 0 -I 0 n 3e

c r -I ? r m

cn

13

INTERFERENCE CASES

REPLIES PER SECOND PER AIRCRAFI-

CASE ATCRBS MODE S MODE S

SHORT LONG

1 120 8 6

2 60 8 6

3 0 8 6

4 0 8 11

79

PR

OB

AB

ILIT

Y

OF

SU

CC

ES

SFU

L R

EC

EP

TIO

N

0 z ‘II

DETECTION PROBABILITY OVER 5 SEC (6-SECTOR ANTENNA)

l.OV T I 1

0.9 - I I I a I 1

0.8 I I I \I I I\ I

0.81 I I I I \I I I I

0.5 - \

0.4 - \

I \ 0.3 -f I I I I I I\ I

I I .I. I ! ! I ! !\I I

0.2 1 I I I I I I -\I I

1 0.1 - I

Iz 0 2clo 400 800 800

NUMBER OF AIRCRAFT

CASE 1 CASE 2

CASE 3

81

OPERATING RANGE AND DENSITY SUMMARY

RANGE

l ADS-MODE S ANTENNA AND RECEIVER ACHIEVE DESIRED OPERATING RANGE

TRAFFIC DENSITY

l ATCRBS FRUIT IS THE DOMINANT FACTOR THAT DETERMINES CAPACITY AT MAX RANGE

l FAA COMPONENT OF ATCRBS FRUIT WILL BE ELIMINATED WHEN ADS-MODE S IS IMPLEMENTED

l MAJORITY OF ATCRBS FRUIT IS GENERATED BY THE - MILITARY

- COORDINATION REQUIRED TO REDUCE MILITARY ATCRBS INTERFERENCE FOR HIGH DENSITY AIRSPACE

83